الملخص
Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is the most common malignant tumour of the kidney, representing 3% of all adult malignancies. Among men it is the sixth most common cancer while among women it is the ninth most common cancer. The mainstay of treatment for localized RCC is surgical resection with curative intent. The aggressive and often insidious nature of RCC is reflected by high recurrence rates of upto 20-40% after nephrectomy. Most commonly encountered sites of recurrent metastases include the lung, followed by bone, liver, brain, and local recurrence. Atypical sites of delayed metastases of RCC, although rare, have been reported in literature. We present our series of five cases where delayed metastasis has occurred at atypical sites including right sartorius muscle, right atrium and ventricle, urinary bladder, shaft of tibia and distal phalanx of hand upto six years later from the time of initial curative treatment of primary. The metastatic lesions in sartorius muscle, right atrium and ventricle, urinary bladder and distal phalanx were primarily managed by metastatectomy while that in the tibial shaft was managed by palliative targeted therapy with tyrosine kinase inhibitors. The key takeaway from this case series is that any primary neoplastic lesion in a patient with history of RCC should be evaluated with histopathology before definitive intervention is undertaken keeping in mind the notorious tendency of RCC to cause delayed metachronous metastases at unusual sites. In presence of solitary metastatic lesions at resectable locations, curative treatment can be offered by metastatectomy.
الملخص
Aim: The study aimed to assess the bacterial load of in rectal swabs from cattle by isolating Enterococcus spp and Escherichia coli, and determining the multidrug-resistant pattern of the isolates. Study Design: The study is a clinical-veterinary laboratory investigation involving the isolation and determination of the multidrug-resistant (MDR) profile of Enterococcus spp and E. coli isolated from cattle rectal. Place and Duration of Study: This study was carried out in the Yelwa and Gubi campuses Farm centers of Abubakar Tafawa Balewa University (ATBU), Bauchi, Nigeria, in period extended from April to June 2021. Methodology: Fresh rectal swab samples were collected from the randomly selected cattle and labeled. The samples were immediately transported and processed in the Microbiology laboratory at Yelwa Campus, and the bacterial load of each sample was determined using standard techniques. Enterococcus spp and E. coli were isolated using differential culture media followed by an appropriate biochemical identification test. The isolates were subjected to the Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method, to assess the antimicrobial susceptibility pattern. Results: In Yelwa, the highest microbial load is 2.7 x 1012 CFU/g. while the lowest microbial load is 2.0 x 1012 CFU/g. In the Gubi campus, the highest microbial load is 3.4 x 1012 CFU/g. while the lowest microbial load is 2.7 x 1012 CFU/g. Both in Yelwa and Gubi ,the result showed that most isolates of Enterococcus spp and E. coli are multidrug-resistant. In Yalwa some of the isolates showed 100% resistance against Norfloxacin, Rifampicin, Ampicillin, and Streptomycin, while Gentamycin gave the lowest multidrug resistance (57.4%). In Gubi, the highest was to ampicillin with (90.6%) frequency, while the lowest resistance was found in Chloramphenicol (11.3%). In Yelwa, a high percentage resistance (92.6%) was observed in Streptomycin, and Cephalexin has the lowest (20.4%). In Gubi, all the E. coli isolates had 100% resistance against sulfamethoxazole, and the lowest was in Ofloxacin (43.4%). Conclusion: This study found that cattle in the area are reservoirs of bacteria that are both part of the normal flora and opportunistic pathogens, and harbored resistance phenotypes. It is therefore advocated that the use of these animals’ faeces as manure should be done with caution, particularly after pre-treatments.
الملخص
Abstract Due to increased number of herbicide resistant weeds, it is needed to explore the allelopathic potential of plants as an alternative. The research was conducted to investigate allelopathic effects of Carica papaya L. leaf powder and aqueous extract on seeds as well as pre-germinated seeds of Avena fatua L., Helianthus annuus L., Rumex dentatus L., Zea mays L. and Triticum aestivum L. on filter paper and soil in Weed Management Program Laboratory, Department of Plant and Environmental Protection at PARC Institute of Advanced Studies in Agriculture, National Agriculture Research Centre, Islamabad, Pakistan. Germination percentage (%), radicle length (cm) and plumule length (cm) were parameters observed for 'Plant leaf powder bioassay' and 'Aqueous extract method'. Most significant growth inhibition was observed in A. fatua seedlings in filter paper method. A. fatua radicle length was reduced by C. papaya aqueous extract (80%) and leaf powder (89%) bioassays. Plumule length was reduced under the influence of aqueous extract (57-73%) and powdered material (59-77%). The inhibitory effects on other test species were in sequence of H. annuus followed by Z. mays and R. dentatus. The aqueous extract showed non-significant effect on wheat seed germination, radicle and plumule growth. It is suggested that C. papaya aqueous extract can be used as source of weed management in wheat crop.
Resumo Devido ao aumento do número de ervas daninhas resistentes aos herbicidas, é necessário explorar o potencial alelopático das plantas como uma alternativa. A pesquisa foi conduzida com o objetivo de investigar os efeitos alelopáticos do pó foliar de Carica papaya e do extrato aquoso das sementes, bem como das sementes pré-germinadas de Avena fatua, Helianthus annuus, Rumex dentatus, Zea mays e Triticum aestivum em papel de filtro e solo no Laboratório do Programa de Manejo de Ervas Daninhas, Departamento de Plantas e Proteção Ambiental do Instituto PARC de Estudos Avançados em Agricultura, Centro Nacional de Pesquisa Agrícola, Islamabad, Paquistão. A porcentagem de germinação (%), o comprimento radicular e o comprimento da plúmula (cm) foram os parâmetros observados para o 'Bioensaio de Pó de Folha de Planta' e o 'Método de Extração Aquoso'. A maior inibição do crescimento foi observada em mudas de A. fatua no método de papel de filtro. O comprimento radicular de A. fatua foi reduzido com os extratos aquosos de C. papaya (80%) e pó de folhas (89%). O comprimento das plúmulas foi reduzido sob a influência do extrato aquoso (57-73%) e material em pó (59-77%). Os efeitos inibitórios em outras espécies-teste foram na sequência de H. annuus seguido por Z. mays e R. dentatus. O extrato aquoso apresentou efeito não significativo na germinação das sementes de trigo, nos crescimentos radiculares e das plúmulas. Sugere-se que o extrato aquoso de C. papaya pode ser utilizado como fonte de manejo de plantas daninhas na cultura do trigo.
الموضوعات
Carica , Pakistan , Seeds , Plant Extracts , Plant Leaves , Germinationالملخص
Abstract Due to increased number of herbicide resistant weeds, it is needed to explore the allelopathic potential of plants as an alternative. The research was conducted to investigate allelopathic effects of Carica papaya L. leaf powder and aqueous extract on seeds as well as pre-germinated seeds of Avena fatua L., Helianthus annuus L., Rumex dentatus L., Zea mays L. and Triticum aestivum L. on filter paper and soil in Weed Management Program Laboratory, Department of Plant and Environmental Protection at PARC Institute of Advanced Studies in Agriculture, National Agriculture Research Centre, Islamabad, Pakistan. Germination percentage (%), radicle length (cm) and plumule length (cm) were parameters observed for Plant leaf powder bioassay and Aqueous extract method. Most significant growth inhibition was observed in A. fatua seedlings in filter paper method. A. fatua radicle length was reduced by C. papaya aqueous extract (80%) and leaf powder (89%) bioassays. Plumule length was reduced under the influence of aqueous extract (57-73%) and powdered material (59-77%). The inhibitory effects on other test species were in sequence of H. annuus followed by Z. mays and R. dentatus. The aqueous extract showed non-significant effect on wheat seed germination, radicle and plumule growth. It is suggested that C. papaya aqueous extract can be used as source of weed management in wheat crop.
Resumo Devido ao aumento do número de ervas daninhas resistentes aos herbicidas, é necessário explorar o potencial alelopático das plantas como uma alternativa. A pesquisa foi conduzida com o objetivo de investigar os efeitos alelopáticos do pó foliar de Carica papaya e do extrato aquoso das sementes, bem como das sementes pré-germinadas de Avena fatua, Helianthus annuus, Rumex dentatus, Zea mays e Triticum aestivum em papel de filtro e solo no Laboratório do Programa de Manejo de Ervas Daninhas, Departamento de Plantas e Proteção Ambiental do Instituto PARC de Estudos Avançados em Agricultura, Centro Nacional de Pesquisa Agrícola, Islamabad, Paquistão. A porcentagem de germinação (%), o comprimento radicular e o comprimento da plúmula (cm) foram os parâmetros observados para o 'Bioensaio de Pó de Folha de Planta' e o 'Método de Extração Aquoso'. A maior inibição do crescimento foi observada em mudas de A. fatua no método de papel de filtro. O comprimento radicular de A. fatua foi reduzido com os extratos aquosos de C. papaya (80%) e pó de folhas (89%). O comprimento das plúmulas foi reduzido sob a influência do extrato aquoso (57-73%) e material em pó (59-77%). Os efeitos inibitórios em outras espécies-teste foram na sequência de H. annuus seguido por Z. mays e R. dentatus. O extrato aquoso apresentou efeito não significativo na germinação das sementes de trigo, nos crescimentos radiculares e das plúmulas. Sugere-se que o extrato aquoso de C. papaya pode ser utilizado como fonte de manejo de plantas daninhas na cultura do trigo.
الملخص
1. To highlight the surgical treatment of carcinoma of the pancreas. 2. To discuss its various treatment modalities. DESIGN: Case study PERIOD: June 1994 to June 1996. SUBJECTS: A total of 30 patients [09 females [30%] and 21 males [70%]. Age ranged between 24 to 80 years [mean being 52 years]. SETTING: Allied Hospital Faisalabad DIAGNOSTIC CRITERIA: Ultrasound, CT scan, operative findings and biopsy. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Nineteen patients [63.33%] had cholecysto jejunostomy [C.J]. Nine patients [30.00%] had choledocho duodenostomy [CDD] and two patients [6.66%] had Hepatico jejunostomy [HJ]. All had prophylactic antecolic Gastro jejunostomy [GJ]. All were T3 or higher stage tumours. 1. None of the patients underwent curative resection. 2. All underwent various types of palliative surgical bypass. CONCLUSIONS: Palliative surgery for carcinoma pancreas has tow advantages; 1. It gives long term relief of symptoms. 2. Only surgical explorations offers potential for curative resection
الموضوعات
Humans , Pancreas/surgery , Laparotomy/methods , Cholestasis/therapy , Duodenal Obstruction/therapy , Pain/therapyالملخص
Early identification of degloving injuries and to emphasize their management. DESIGN: Retrospective study. SETTING: Department of surgery Allied and DHQ Hospitals Faisalabad. PERIOD:May 1986 to April 1996. PATIENTS AND METHODS: 120 patients 96 males [80%] and 24 female ranging between 4 to 75 years mean 39.5 years. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS: The etiological factors were Road Traffic Accident in 56% [67 patients], rotatory machine accident in the remaining 44% [53 patients]. Degloving most commonly occurred in the lower limb 44% [53 patients], following by in the descending order Peno scrotal 20% [24 patients] upper limb 17.5% [21 patients] scalp 14.1% [17 patients] and miscellaneous group 4.16% [5 patients]. Associated skeletal fracture were seen in 7 patients 4 of which had multiple fracture