Research on the influence of meteorological factors on the incidence of foodborne diseases / 公共卫生与预防医学

Objective To explore the correlation between the incidence of foodborne diseases and meteorological factors in Jinan, and to provide targeted measures for the prevention and control of foodborne diseases. Methods Data from the reporting systems of two sentinel hospitals for active surveillance of foodborne diseases from 2013 to 2021 in Jinan were collected. The meteorological data in the same period in Jinan were also collected. The generalized additive model was used to explore the nonlinear relationship between meteorological factors and the incidence of foodborne diseases, and threshold function analysis was use to perform subsection regression. Results The incidence of foodborne diseases was positively correlated with daily average temperature (rs=0.23), relative humidity (rs=0.05), and daily average wind speed (rs=0.01), and negatively correlated with daily average air pressure (rs=-0.19). Based on the GAM results and segmented regression analysis of meteorological factors, it was found that when the daily average temperature was below or above the threshold of 24.63°C, for every 1°C increase in daily average temperature, the incidence of foodborne diseases correspondingly increased by 0.04% and 0.18%. When the daily average wind speed was above the threshold of 2.26 m/s, the incidence of foodborne diseases decreased by 0.36% for every 1 m/s increase in the daily average wind speed. Conclusion Nine years of observation and data analysis have shown that meteorological factors such as daily average temperature, relative humidity, air pressure, and wind speed are related to the incidence of foodborne diseases. These findings suggest that meteorological factors may be important factors leading to foodborne diseases, which provides an important scientific basis for formulating effective prevention and control measures.

Agreement study of anterior segment parameters measured by two kinds of ocular biometry based on imaging principle of Scheimpflug / 国际眼科杂志(Guoji Yanke Zazhi)

AIM: To compare the differences and agreement of anterior segment biometric parameters of myopic patients measured by domestic Scansys and the imported Sirius based on the principle of Scheimpflug imaging technique.METHODS: In this case series study, 103 cases(103 eyes)that underwent pre-refractive surgery(including small incision lenticule extraction, femtosecond laser-assisted in situ keratomileusis, transepithelial photorefractive keratectomy and implantable contact lens implantation)at Aier Excellent Eye Hospital from May 2022 to October 2022 were recruited. Preoperative keratometry(Km), central corneal thickness(CCT), anterior chamber depth(ACDEndo.), anterior chamber angle(ACA), anterior chamber volume(ACV), white to white(WTW)of patients were recorded.RESULTS: The results of Km, CCT, ACA, and WTW measured by Scansys and Sirius were 42.88(41.54, 44.60)and 42.98(41.56, 44.52)D,(541.52±29.08)and(549.55±29.62)μm, 42.70°±2.67° and 46.63°±5.13°, 12.10±0.60 and 11.98±0.47 mm, respectively, showing the difference was statistically significant(all P<0.01). The ACV measured by Scansys and Sirius was 194.26±31.06 and 191.47±25.65 mm3, and ACDEndo. was 3.40(3.17, 3.57)and 3.43(3.19, 3.56)mm, with no statistically significant difference(all P>0.05). The range of Km, CCT, ACA, ACDEndo., ACV and WTW values measured by the two instruments was small, with an average difference close to zero, and the points percentage of 95% limits of agreement(LoA)was <5%, which is of good consistency.CONCLUSIONS: Scansys and Sirius have small differences and good agreement in the parameters, which can be replaced by each other in clinical practice. Scansys could theoretically be used to extrapolate the implantable contact lens model or could be a new option for anterior segment parameter measurements.

Application of 5-fluorouracil and bandage contact lens in pterygium excision combined with autogenous limbal stem cell transplantation / 国际眼科杂志(Guoji Yanke Zazhi)

AIM:To assess the clinical efficacy of 5-fluorouracil(5-FU)and bandage contact lens in the pterygium excision combined with autogenous limbal stem cell transplantation(ALSCT)in treating patients with pterygium.METHODS:Random controlled clinical trial. A total of 71 patients(71 eyes)of pterygium who treated at the department of ophthalmology in Qinhuangdao Haigang Hospital between May 2021 and November 2022 were included. They were divide into three groups, including 23 eyes received pterygium excision combined with ALSCT in group A, 24 eyes that were administered with 5-FU intraoperatively and postoperatively in group B, and 24 eyes that received both bandage contact lens and 5-FU in group C. Furthermore, comfort levels at 1, 3, 7, 14d postoperatively, corneal epithelial healing at 1, 3, 7, 14d and 1mo postoperatively, treatment outcomes and complications at 3～6mo postoperatively were compared among the three groups of patients.RESULTS:The comfort levels at 1, 3 and 7d postoperatively and corneal healing at 1 and 3d postoperatively of the group C were better than those of the groups A and B. There were no statistical significant differences in the comfort levels at 14d after surgery and corneal healing at 14d and 1mo after surgery among the three groups of patients. Over a 3～6mo follow-up period, group A experienced recurrence in 3 eyes, group B had 1 recurrence, while group C had no recurrence. There were no statistically significant differences in complication rates among the three groups of patients.CONCLUSIONS: The application of 5-FU combined with bandage contact lens can enhance postoperative comfort levels, promote corneal epithelial healing, and improve the success rate in pterygium excision combined with ALSCT.

Tajectories of the self-efficacy of HIV testing among MSM based on latent class growth model / 中华预防医学杂志

Objective: To analyze the trajectories of HIV testing self-efficacy among men who have sex with men (MSM) based on latent class growth model. Methods: From August 2019 to May 2021, 404 MSM were recruited in Shandong Province and subjected to a 1-year follow-up study with individual intervention (pushing intervention pictures and videos in WeChat and follow-up questionnaires) and community intervention (forwarding to friends and sharing and discussing HIV testing-related information in WeChat groups). The level of HIV testing self-efficacy among MSM was measured. The long-term trend of HIV testing self-efficacy was analyzed using the latent class growth model (LCGM), and the influencing factors of the trend were analyzed. Results: A total of 404 MSM were (28.25±8.95) years old, with the oldest being 58 and the youngest being 18. The scores of HIV testing self-efficacy M(Q1, Q3) at baseline and 4 follow-ups were 18.00 (17.00, 21.00), 19.00 (18.00, 22.00), 19.00 (18.00, 22.00), 19.00 (18.00, 22.00) and 19.00 (18.00, 22.00). The results of the freely estimated two-category LCGM model showed that the trend of HIV testing self-efficacy among MSM could be divided into two classes, "intervention response group" [255(63.1%)] and "intervention non-response group" [149(36.9%)]. The former had a higher level of HIV testing self-efficacy which tended to increase at first and then decrease over time, while the latter had a lower and more stable level. The results of the multifactorial logistic regression analysis showed that the OR values of MSM in business or service and jobless or unemployed were 0.261 (95%CI: 0.108-0.633) and 0.186 (95%CI: 0.057-0.610), respectively, using the students as the reference group. Conclusion: There is a group heterogeneity in the trend of HIV testing self-efficacy in the intervention conditions among MSM, and occupation may be an influencing factor.

Core in jingjin diagnosis and treatment: yizhi weishu / 中国针灸

Jingjin (muscle region of meridian) is a distal diagnosis and treatment system of the sinew/fascia disorders on the base of the concept of jin in TCM. Jin should be a particular palpable structure rather than a single anatomic structure with a specific distributing course. Yizhi weishu refers to a idea running through the whole process of diagnosis and treatment of sinew/fascia disorders, in which, the results, obtained by the overall observation and palpation of patient's sinew/fascia structure, are taken as the criteria of treatment. Yitong weishu (taking the sites of sensitivity or tenderness as the points) verifies this idea in practice. Under the guidance of yizhi weishu, through identifying the primary from the secondary, and regulating yin and yang, the spasticity and flaccidity of sinews/fascia can be cured and the induced diseases treated. The diagnosis and treatment system of jingjin, based on yizhi weishu, develops the original jingjin theory with vague concept involved, formulates a systematic thinking of treatment for sinew/fascia disorders and provides a new approach to clinical treatment.

Clinical analysis of diversity of defect repair with supraclavicular island flap after head and neck tumor surgery / 临床耳鼻咽喉头颈外科杂志

Objective:To investigate the diversity and clinical effect of supraclavicular island flap in repairing the defect after head and neck tumor surgery. Methods:A retrospective analysis was performed on 30 patients who received the repair of head and neck defects with supraclavicular island flaps at Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery of the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University from January 2017 to March 2023. The sites and types of defects, intraoperative blood loss, time of flaps preparation, areas of flaps, survival of the flaps and other complications were recorded. Results:A total of 30 patients were enrolled, including 26 males and 4 females, aged 36-82 years. Among them, 22 patients with hypopharyngeal partial defect were repaired （19 patients with ipsilateral defect and 3 patients with contralateral defect）. In addition, 2 patients were repaired with contralateral pectoralis major musculocutaneous flap around the hypopharynx, the neck skin defect was repaired in 2 patients, the parotid skin defect was repaired in 2 patients, the temporal bone skin defect was repaired in 1 patient, and the cervical esophageal defect was repaired in 1 patient. The average blood loss during the operation was 8 ml, and the average time was 32 min. The flap areas ranged from 5.0 cm×4.0 cm to 20.0 cm×8.0 cm. 27 of 30 flaps survived（90.0%）, and pharyngeal fistula occurred in 6 patients after operation（4 flaps survived after local dressing）. One patient was complicated with venous thrombosis（the flap necrosis after local dressing）. Shoulder and neck functions（lift, internal rotation and abduction） were not significantly affected in 29 patients, and the function of 1 patient with shoulder infection was not affected after treatment. Conclusion:Supraclavicular island flap is a highly vascularized axial fascial flap. It is easy to make, thin, and soft in texture, and can be used to repair different sites and types of postoperative head and neck tumor defects with a low donor site complication rate. Good results in post-operative repair of head and neck tumors are worth promoting.

Prognostic impact of different tumor invasion patterns in the surgical treatment of T3 glottic laryngeal cancer / 临床耳鼻咽喉头颈外科杂志

Objective:To investigate the prognostic impact of different tumor invasion patterns in the surgical treatment of T3 glottic laryngeal cancer. Methods:A retrospective analysis was conducted on the clinical data of 91 patients with T3 glottic laryngeal cancer. Results:Among the 91 patients, 58 cases （63.7%） had anterior invasion and 33 cases （36.3%） had posterior invasion. The posterior invasion was significantly correlated with invasions of the dorsal plate of cricoid cartilage （P<0.001）, arytenoid cartilage （P= 0.001）, and subglottic region（P = 0.001）. There was no statistical difference in survival outcomes between the total laryngectomy group and the partial laryngectomy group. But in the partial laryngectomy group, the 5-year disease-free survival（DFS） of patients with anterior invasive tumors was better than that of patients with posterior invasion tumors （HR: 4.681, 95%CI 1.337-16.393, P=0.016）, and subglottic invasion was associated with worse loco-regional recurrence-free survival（LRRFS）（HR: 3.931, 95%CI 1.054-14.658, P=0.041）. At the same time, we found that involvement of the dorsal plate of cricoid cartilage was an independent risk factor for postoperative laryngeal stenosis in partial laryngectomy patients （HR:11.67, 95%CI 1.89-71.98,P=0.008）. Conclusion:Compared with total laryngectomy, selected partial laryngectomy can also achieve favorable oncological outcomes. Posterior invasion and subglottic extension are independent prognostic factors for recurrence of partial laryngectomy in T3 glottic laryngeal cancer, and the involvement of the dorsal plate of cricoid cartilage is associated with postoperative laryngeal stenosis. The tumor invasion pattern of laryngeal cancer should be further subdivided in order to select a more individualized treatment plan.

Significance of neoadjuvant immunotherapy combined with chemotherapy in the treatment of larynx preservation in locally advanced hypopharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma / 临床耳鼻咽喉头颈外科杂志

Objective:To evaluate the clinical significance of neoadjuvant immunotherapy combined with chemotherapy in the treatment of larynx preservation in locally advanced hypopharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma. Methods:Patients with locally advanced HPSCC（cT3-T4aN0-N3M0） were eligible. All received 2 cycles of pembrolizumab combined with docetaxel and platinum neoadjuvant induction therapy. After two cycles, the efficacy was evaluated, followed by radical chemoradiotherapy or surgery and adjuvant chemoradiotherapy according to the efficacy. The primary endpoints were objective response rate（ORR） ，larynx-preservation（LP） rate at 3 months post-treatment and the adverse reactions during neoadjuvant therapy. Results:From December 2021 to December 2022, 10 patients with locally advanced HPSCC（cT3-T4aN0-N3M0） were enrolled. After 2 cycles of the neoadjuvant therapy, 2 patients achieved complete response（CR）, 7 patients achieved partial response（PR）, 1 patient was stable disease（SD）, objective response rate（ORR） was 90%, and disease control rate（DCR） was 100%. 5 patients received radical chemoradiotherapy, 5 patients received surgery and adjuvant chemoradiotherapy, four of them received partial laryngectomy and partial hypopharyngeal resection surgery, and one of them received total laryngectomy and partial hypopharyngeal resection surgery. All patients were able to withstand adverse reactions of neoadjuvant therapy and successfully completed the whole treatment of HPSCC without grade 3-4 treatment-related adverse reactions. There was no recurrence or metastasis during 3-18 months of follow-up. 1 patient died of severe pneumonia 3 months after the completion of radical chemoradiotherapy. At 3 months after treatment, the larynx-preservation rate was 80%. Conclusion:Neoadjuvant immunotherapy combined with chemotherapy has good short-term efficacy and the adverse reactions were tolerable. It can improve the larynx-preservation rate of patients with locally advanced HPSCC, thus improving the prognosis and quality of life of patients.

Prognosis of middle-aged and elderly patients with aspiration pneumonia in integrated medical and elderly care institutions and logistic regression analysis of related influencing factors / 公共卫生与预防医学

Objective To investigate the prognosis of middle-aged and elderly patients with aspiration pneumonia and related influencing factors in integrated medical and elderly care institutions. Methods A total of 604 elderly patients with aspiration pneumonia were selected from integrated medical and elderly care institutions from January 2016 to December 2020. The prognosis of the patients was counted, and the prognostic factors were analyzed by univariate and multivariate logistic regression equations. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve and area under the curve (AUC) were used to analyze the predictive value of logistic regression model for the prognosis of elderly patients with aspiration pneumonia. Results Univariate analysis showed that Alzheimer's disease, severe pneumonia, ability of daily living (ADL), and the number of rescues were related to the prognosis of elderly patients with aspiration pneumonia (P12.97), the predictive value was the best, with the predictive sensitivity being 83.87%, and the specificity being 84.15%. Conclusion Alzheimer's disease, severe pneumonia, moderate and severe dependence in the ability of daily living and rescue times ≥ 2 are related to the prognosis of middle-aged and elderly patients with aspiration pneumonia in the integrated medical and elderly care institutions, which can be used as a prognostic plan for clinical treatment and nursing management. At the same time strengthening the intervention of patients with the above characteristics will help to promote the improvement of prognosis.

Application value of new assistive technology in keratopathy-associated cataract surgery / 国际眼科杂志(Guoji Yanke Zazhi)

Keratopathy-associated cataract, that is, on the basis of corneal disease, and later the development of lens opacity, seriously damage visual quality. In order to avoid corneal transplantation for some patients, partial visual quality can be restored. A comprehensive and accurate evaluation of the effect of corneal opacity on visual function is of great improtance for determining cataract surgery alone. Due to the opacity of the cornea, the operation is very difficult and challenging. Therefore, it is of clinical value to develop and use new assistive technologies, including capsule staining, endoillumination, pupil dialation technology, femtosecond laser assisted technology, etc., avoiding problems such as limited visibility and decreased light flow caused by corneal opacity and facilitating cataract surgery. This article reviews progress of assistive technologies for keratopathy-associated cataract, hoping to guide clinical application.

Gasless submental approach endoscopic removal of thyroglossal cyst / 中华耳鼻咽喉头颈外科杂志

Objective: To explore the safety and feasibility of gasless submental approach endoscopic removal of thyroglossal cyst. Methods: This work prospectively included the clinical data of 13 patients who underwent the gasless submental approach endoscopic removal of thyroglossal cyst at the Department of Otolaryngology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University from August 2021 to February 2022. The operative time, bleeding volumes, postoperative complications, subjective pain levels, satisfaction with incisional scars, neck and facial deformities, and recurrences were prospectively evaluated by visual analogue scale(VAS) score. Results: All of 13 patients were successfully treated using this new technique. The patients had a median age of 38 years, ranging from 24 to 59 years, comprising of 3 males and 10 females. The length of the submental incision was about 3 cm and the median of operation time was 135 minutes. Postoperative complications were minimal. The median volume of blood loss was 10 ml. Surgical site swelling existed in 1 case and dysphagia for more than 1 week occurred in 2 cases. Patients were discharged from the hospital with a median of 3 days after surgery. On a VAS of 0-10 scores, the pain had a median of 2 on the first day after surgery, and the satisfaction with incision scars and neck and facial deformities showed a median of 8 at 6 months after surgery. There were no recurrences during the follow-up period of 9-15 months. Conclusion: Gasless submental approach endoscopic removal of thyroglossal cyst may be a reliable new surgical method that is safe and has cosmetic advantages.

Analysis of OTC gene variants in four children with delayed onset Ornithine transcarbamylase deficiency / 中华医学遗传学杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To analyze the clinical manifestation and genetic basis for four children with delayed onset Ornithine transcarbamylase deficiency (OTCD).@*METHODS@#Clinical data of four children with OTCD admitted to the Children's Hospital of the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University from January 2020 to April 2021 were reviewed. Peripheral blood samples of the children and their parents were collected and subjected to whole exome sequencing (WES). Bioinformatic analysis and Sanger sequencing verification were carried out to verify the candidate variants. Impact of the candidate variants on the protein structure was also predicted.@*RESULTS@#The clinical manifestations of the four children included vomiting, convulsion and disturbance of consciousness. WES revealed that the child 1 was heterozygous for a c.421C>T (p.R141X) variant in exon 5, children 2 and 3 were hemizygous for a c.119G>A (p.R40H) variant in exon 2, and child 4 was hemizygous for a c.607T>A (p.S203T) variant in exon 5 of the OTC gene. Among these, the c.607T>A variant was unreported previously and predicted to be pathogenic (PM1+PM2_Supporting+PP3+PP4). Bioinformatic analysis has predicted that the variant may result in breakage of hydrogen bonds and alter the protein structure and function. Sanger sequencing confirmed that the variants in children 2 to 4 have derived from their mothers.@*CONCLUSION@#The pathogenic variants of the OTC gene probably underlay the delayed OTCD in 4 children. The discovery of the c.607T>A variant has enriched the mutational spectrum of the OTC gene.

Effects of small GTP-binding protein GDP dissociation stimulator on adipocyte hypertrophy and glucose metabolism disorder in mice / 中华内科杂志

Objective: To explore the effect and mechanism of small GTP-binding protein GDP dissociation stimulator (SmgGDS) on the development of obesity. Methods: (1) 8-week-old C57BL/6J mice were randomly assigned to normal diet and high fat diet group, with 6 mice in each group. They were fed regular feed and a high fat diet containing 60% fat for 4 months, respectively. The expression of SmgGDS in epididymal adipose tissue (eWAT), liver, and skeletal muscle were measured using Western-blot. (2) 6-week-old wild-type (WT) and SmgGDS knockdown (KD) mice were divided into four groups, each receiving high fat diet for 4 months (7 in each group) and 7 months (9 in each group). Glucose tolerance test (GTT) and insulin tolerance test (ITT) were conducted; The weight, adipose tissue, and liver weight of mice were recorded; HE staining examined adipose tissue structural changes; Western-blot determined extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) 1/2 phosphorylation levels in eWAT; Real time fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) was used to detect mRNA levels of CCAAT/enhancer binding protein α (C/EBPα), C/EBPβ and peroxisome proliferator activated receptor γ (PPARγ) in eWAT. (3) Mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) extracted from WT and KD mice were induced for differentiation. Oil red O staining and Western-blot were used to detect lipid droplet and expression of SmgGDS and phospho-ERK; C/EBPα, C/EBPβ and PPARγ mRNA levels were measured using RT-qPCR. (4) 10-week-old C57BL/6J mice were randomly assigned into two groups, with 7 mice in each group. Mice were infected with SmgGDS overexpressing adeno-associated virus (AAV-SmgGDS) or empty vector intraperitoneally, then fed with high fat diet. After 4 weeks, performed GTT and ITT; Recorded the weight and adipose tissue weight of mice; HE staining was used to analyze structural changes of eWAT; Western-blot was used to detect the phosphorylation level of ERK in eWAT. Results: (1) The expression of SmgGDS was significantly upregulated in eWAT of high fat diet fed mice (normal diet group: 0.218±0.037, high fat diet group:0.439±0.072, t=2.74, P=0.034). (2) At 4 months of high fat diet intervention, the glucose tolerance (60 minutes after glucose injection, WT group: 528 mg/dl±21 mg/dl, KD group: 435 mg/dl±17 mg/dl, t=3.47, P=0.030; 90 minutes, WT group: 463 mg/dl±24 mg/dl, KD group: 366 mg/dl±18 mg/dl, t=3.23, P=0.047;120 minutes, WT group: 416 mg/dl±21 mg/dl, KD group: 297 mg/dl±16 mg/dl, t=4.49, P=0.005) and insulin sensitivity (15 minutes after insulin injection, WT group: 77.79%±3.45%, KD group: 54.30%±2.92%, t=3.49, P=0.005; 30 minutes, WT group: 62.27%±5.31%, KD group: 42.25%±1.85%, t=2.978, P=0.024; 90 minutes, WT group: 85.69%±6.63%, KD group: 64.71%±5.41%, t=3.120, P=0.016) of KD mice were significantly improved compared to the WT group, with an increase in eWAT weight ratio (WT: 4.19%±0.18%, KD: 5.12%±0.37%, t=2.28, P=0.042), but a decrease in average adipocyte area (WT group: 5221 μm²±241 μm², KD group: 4410 μm²±196 μm², t=2.61, P=0.026). After 7 months of high fat diet, the eWAT weight ratio of KD mice decreased (WT: 5.02%±0.20%, KD: 3.88%±0.21%, t=3.92, P=0.001) and adipocyte size decreased (WT group: 6 783 μm²±390 μm², KD group: 4785 μm²±303 μm², t=4.05, P=0.002). The phospho-ERK1 in eWAT increased (WT group: 0.174±0.056, KD group: 0.588±0.147, t=2.64, P=0.025), and mRNA level of PPARγ significantly decreased (WT group: 1.018±0.128, KD group: 0.029±0.015, t=7.70, P=0.015). (3) The expression of SmgGDS was significantly increased in differentiated MEF (undifferentiated: 6.789±0.511, differentiated: 10.170±0.523, t=4.63, P=0.010); SmgGDS knock-down inhibited lipid droplet formation in MEF (WT group: 1.00±0.02, KD group: 0.88±0.02, t=5.05, P=0.007) and increased ERK1 (WT group: 0.600±0.179, KD group: 1.325±0.102, t=3.52, P=0.025) and ERK2 (WT group: 2.179±0.687, KD group: 5.200±0.814, t=2.84, P=0.047) activity, which can be reversed by ERK1/2 inhibitor. (4) SmgGDS over expression resulted in weight gain, increased eWAT weight (control group: 3.29%±0.36%, AAV-SmgGDS group: 4.27%±0.26%, t=2.20, P=0.048) and adipocyte size (control group: 3525 μm²±454 μm², AAV-SmgGDS group: 5326 μm²±655 μm², t=2.26, P=0.047), impaired insulin sensitivity(30 minutes after insulin injection, control group: 44.03%±4.29%, AAV-SmgGDS group: 62.70%±2.81%, t=3.06, P=0.019), and decreased ERK1 (control group: 0.829±0.077, AAV-SmgGDS group: 0.326±0.036, t=5.96, P=0.001)and ERK2 (control group: 5.748±0.287, AAV-SmgGDS group: 2.999±0.845, t=3.08, P=0.022) activity in eWAT. Conclusion: SmgGDS knockdown improves obesity related glucose metabolism disorder by inhibiting adipogenesis and adipose tissue hypertrophy, which is associated with ERK activation.

Comparison of therapeutic effects of arthroscopic popliteal cyst internal drainage and capsular wall resection / 中国骨伤

OBJECTIVE@#To investigate efficacy between arthroscopic popliteal cyst drainage and arthroscopic popliteal cyst resection.@*METHODS@#From January 2013 to June 2021, 54 patients with popliteal cyst (Rausching-Lindgren gradeⅠto Ⅲ) were treated with arthroscopic surgery. There were 24 males and 30 females. The age ranged from 44 to 72 years old, with a mean of (62.67±6.08) years old. The course of the disease ranged from 1 to 72 months, with a mean of(15±14) months. Twenty-four patients (group A) were underwent arthroscopic internal drainage of popliteal cyst. Thirty patients (group B) were underwent arthroscopic resection of popliteal cyst. Preoperative main symptoms included knee pain, swelling, walking pain, popliteal swelling, popliteal mass and so on. After 1, 3, 6 months and 1, 2 years of surgery, routine outpatient follow-up was conducted to observe and compare the surgical time, bleeding volume, preoperative and postoperative visual analog scale (VAS), knee Lysholm score, and complications between two groups.@*RESULTS@#All incisions healed at one stage after operation. All 54 patients were followed up, and the duration ranged from 6 months to 2 years, with an average of (13.89±4.29) months. There was no intraoperative vascular or nerve injury. Operation time and intraoperative blood loss of the two groups:group A of (62.08±9.55) min and (8.00±1.69) ml, group B of (69.50±6.99) min and (8.70±2.00) ml. Popliteal pain, swelling, limitation of flexion and extension were significantly relieved after operation. VAS before and one month after operation between two groups:group A of 5.38±1.21 and 2.63±0.71, group B of 5.60±1.26 and 2.80±0.81. Lysholm scores of knee joint before and 6 months after operation:group A of 62.59±4.99 and 89.74±2.90, group B of 63.87±3.23 and 89.02±2.35. Knee joint function improved significantly in both groups. In group A, 4 cases had popliteal cyst at 3 months after operation, and 2 cases had small isolated cyst at 1 year after operation. There was no recurrence of cyst in group B.@*CONCLUSION@#The results between two arthroscopic treatments of popliteal cyst are satisfactory, and there is no significant difference in the amount of blood loss, safety, postoperative pain VAS score and knee function recovery. It is suggested that arthroscopic resection of the cyst wall should be performed when the technique is mature, especially for large cysts and septal cysts.

Surveillance results of foodborne diseases in Jinan in 2013 - 2021 / 公共卫生与预防医学

Objective To understand the epidemiological and etiological characteristics of foodborne diseases in Jinan City, and to provide targeted measures for the prevention and control of foodborne diseases. Methods Data were collected from the reporting system of two sentinel hospitals for active surveillance of foodborne diseases in Jinan City from 2013 to 2021, and pathogens were detected in stool/anal swab samples of the cases. Constituent ratio was used for enumeration data, and χ2 test was used for comparison of detection rates. Results A total of 5,417 cases of foodborne diseases were reported in the two sentinel hospitals in Jinan from 2013 to 2021, and most of them were children aged 0-5 years (48.57%). The high incidence period of foodborne diseases was from May to August (53.72%). The main clinical symptoms were digestive system symptoms. Meat and meat products accounted for the largest number of suspected exposed foods (13.89%), and home-made food was the main exposure source (45.83%). The total detection rate of pathogens was 38.40%, mainly Escherichia coli (24.22%), and the detection rate of norovirus was 17.76%. There was a significant difference in the detection rate of pathogenic bacteria before and after the establishment of Healthy City (χ2=107.22, P <0.001). Conclusion The high-risk population for foodborne diseases is children aged 0 to 5 years old. Summer and fall are the high incidence seasons, with E. coli and norovirus as predominant pathogens. It is necessary to continue to strengthen the monitoring of foodborne diseases in high-risk seasons and infants, improve the food safety awareness of high-risk groups, increase monitoring sentinel hospitals, and expand the coverage. In addition, relevant departments should take corresponding prevention and control measures to reduce the occurrence of foodborne diseases.

Inhibition of Ciliogenesis Enhances the Cellular Sensitivity to Temozolomide and Ionizing Radiation in Human Glioblastoma Cells / 生物医学与环境科学（英文）

Objective@#To investigate the function of primary cilia in regulating the cellular response to temozolomide (TMZ) and ionizing radiation (IR) in glioblastoma (GBM).@*Methods@#GBM cells were treated with TMZ or X-ray/carbon ion. The primary cilia were examined by immunostaining with Arl13b and γ-tubulin, and the cellular resistance ability was measured by cell viability assay or survival fraction assay. Combining with cilia ablation by IFT88 depletion or chloral hydrate and induction by lithium chloride, the autophagy was measured by acridine orange staining assay. The DNA damage repair ability was estimated by the kinetic curve of γH2AX foci, and the DNA-dependent protein kinase (DNA-PK) activation was detected by immunostaining assay.@*Results@#Primary cilia were frequently preserved in GBM, and the induction of ciliogenesis decreased cell proliferation. TMZ and IR promoted ciliogenesis in dose- and time-dependent manners, and the suppression of ciliogenesis significantly enhanced the cellular sensitivity to TMZ and IR. The inhibition of ciliogenesis elevated the lethal effects of TMZ and IR via the impairment of autophagy and DNA damage repair. The interference of ciliogenesis reduced DNA-PK activation, and the knockdown of DNA-PK led to cilium formation and elongation.@*Conclusion@#Primary cilia play a vital role in regulating the cellular sensitivity to TMZ and IR in GBM cells through mediating autophagy and DNA damage repair.

Exercise regulates lipid metabolism via lipophagy and its molecular mechanisms / 生理学报

Lipophagy is a kind of selective autophagy, which can selectively identify and degrade lipid droplets and plays an important role in regulating cellular lipid metabolism and maintaining intracellular lipid homeostasis. Exercise can induce lipophagy and it is also an effective means of reducing body fat. In this review, we summarized the relationship between exercise and lipophagy in the liver, pancreas, adipose tissue, and the possible molecular mechanisms to provide a new clue for the prevention and treatment of fatty liver, obesity and other related metabolic diseases by exercise.

Current Situation and Outlook of Mechanization in Production of Rhizome-type Chinese Herbal Medicines in Sichuan Province / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Sichuan province is extremely rich in Chinese herbal medicine resources，and the Chinese herbal medicine industry is an integral part of the "10+3" industrial system of modern agriculture. However，it has been long constrained by factors such as hilly terrain and scattered planting patterns，which hinders the mechanization development of the Chinese herbal medicine planting industry. Committed to promoting the application and development of the whole-process mechanization of Chinese herbal medicine production， the research group investigated the current situation and mechanization application of the Chinese herbal medicine planting industry in Sichuan province，and clarified the core advantages of the industry in Sichuan province and the urgent need for mechanization production. The current situation of mechanization of key links in producing rhizome-type Chinese herbal medicines such as planting，fertilization，pest and weed controlling，harvesting，and primary processing in production areas were analyzed. The key factors and existing problems in the whole-process mechanization development as well as the key future research directions were discussed，and the mechanization development trend of Ophiopogonis Radix，Chuanxiong Rhizoma and other herbal medicines in the Chinese herbal medicine planting areas of Chengdu Plain were forecasted. This paper focused on the bottleneck of the mechanization application in producing Chinese herbal medicines in Sichuan province，and introduced key technologies and equipment for the whole-process mechanization of rhizome-type Chinese herbal medicine production，which is conducive to transforming and upgrading the Chinese herbal medicine production industry，accelerating the application of high-tech information technology，and promoting the mechanization and intelligentization of the planting industry.

Relationship between obesity indexes and body fat percentage in Naxi adults / 解剖学报

Objective To explore the relationship hetween obesity indexes and body fat rate in Naxi a d u l t s. Methods A total of 687 Naxi adults aged between 18 and 90 were selected from Yulong County, Lijiang City, Yunnan Province. Body weight, height, chest circumference, waist circumference, hip circumference, biceps skinfold, triceps skinfold, subscapular skinfold, suprailiac skinfold, anterior superior spine skinfold, body mass index (BMI), visceral fat index and body fat percentage were measured by anthropometry and bioelectrical impedance analysis. And the indexes and body fat percentage were statistically analyzed. Results The average body fat percentage of Naxi men was normal, while the women was obese. According to the criteria of visceral fat index, the average visceral fat index of Naxi men and women was within the normal range. According to the waist circumference, the waist circumference of Naxi men was within the normal range, while the waist circumference of women belonged to abdominal obesity. Correlation analysis showed that body weight, chest circumference, waist circumference, hip circumference, biceps skinfold, triceps skinfold, subscapular skinfold, suprailiac skinfold, anterior superior iliac spine skinfold, BMI, visceral fat index were positively correlated with body fat percentage among Naxi adults. There was the strongest correlation between visceral fat index and body fat percentage in Naxi men, followed by BMI; Naxi women' s chest circumference and body fat percentage, followed by waist circumference. Conclusion All the obesity indexes of Naxi adults are positively correlated with body fat percentage, and there are gender, regional and ethnic differences in the degree of correlation.

Three obesity indicators predicting central obesity in Naxi and Pumi ethnic groups in Yunnan Province and inter-ethnic comparison / 解剖学报

Objective To compare the predicted value of three different obesity indicators of on center obesity of Naxi and Pumi adult in Lijiang City, Yunnan Province; To calculate the best cut-off point of waist-to-height ratio(WHtR), body mass index(BMI) and abdominal volume index(AVT); And to compare the differences of BMI and WHtR between the Naxi, Pumi and North-South ethnic groups, so as to provide scientific reference for central obesity and related diseases. Methods By random sampling, 658 cases of Naxi adults (278 cases for men and 380 cases for women) and 496 cases of Pumi adults (2 1 6 cases for men and 280 cases for women) were selected as the subjects of the study, taking the internationally recognized visceral fat level (V F L) as the diagnostic criterion of central obesity, the relationship between WHtR, BMI, AVI and VFL was discussed by regression analysis, and the value of three obesity indicators was predicted by comparing the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve of the subjects. Using Excel 2019 to draw diagrams and SPSS 23. 0 to process data. Results The six indicators of age, weight, height, waist circumference, hip circumference and AVI of Naxi and Pumi men were statistically significant among different ethnic groups (P < 0 . 05); Naxi and Pumi women' s age, height, waist circumference, WHtR, BMI and abdominal volume index, the six indicators were statistically significant among different ethnic groups (P < 0 . 0 1) . Correlation analysis showed that the three indicators of WHtR, BMI and AVI were positively related to VFL (P< 0 . 0 1) . The ROC showed that the WHtR had the highest value for predicting central obesity in Naxi and Pumi men (P<0. 01), BMI had the highest value of predicting central obesity in Naxi and Pumi women (P<0. 0 1) . Cluster analysis showed that Naxi and Pumi males were similar to southern ethnic groups such as Lisu and Sui, Naxi females were similar to Zang and Jingpo, and Pumi females were similar to southern ethnic groups such as Lisu and Sui. Conclusion WHtR, BMI, AVI to determine central obesity are statistically significant, can be combined with BMI and AVI to determine Naxi, Pumi central obesity.