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Objective To assess the correlation between the severity of postoperative nausea and vomiting(PONV)with the quality of postoperative recovery and capacity of mobility in patients after video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery.Methods A total of 125 patients,80 males and 45 females,aged 18-64 years,BMI 18-35 kg/m2,ASA physical status Ⅰ-Ⅲ,undergoing video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery were observed.The severity of PONV was assessed using the simplified PONV impact scale day 1 after sur-gery.The patients were divided into three groups according to the severity of PONV:non-PONV group(n = 87),mild PONV group(n = 31),and moderate to severe PONV group(n = 7).The quality of recovery was assessed using the quality of recovery-15(QoR-15)on the first day after surgery,and the capacity of mobility was assessed using the 6-minute walk test(6-MWT)on the second day after surgery.The multiple linear regression model was used to analyze the correlation between the severity of PONV and quality of post-operative recovery and capacity of mobility.Results The results of the corrected multiple linear regression model showed that,compared with the patients without PONV,the QoR-15 scores of the patients with mild and moderate-severe PONV on the first day after surgery were reduced by 4.5 scores(95%CI-8.9 to-0.04 scores,P = 0.048)and 15.8 scores(95%CI-24.8 to-6.8 scores,P = 0.001),respectively.Mild(MD =-27.4 m,95%CI-70.1 to 15.4 m,P = 0.207)and moderate-severe PONV(MD =-57.0 m,95%CI-145.7 to 31.6 m,P = 0.204)were not significantly associated with 6-MWT distance shortening on the second day after surgery.Conclusion Increased PONV severity is associated with poorer recovery quality in patients undergoing pulmonary surgery.Active prevention and treatment of PONV may contribute to early recovery of patients.
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Glioma is the most common malignancy of the central nervous system, originating mainly from glial cells. Because of its highly aggressive nature, glioma has one of the highest rates of death among all types of cancer. Therefore, it is very important to develop new therapeutic approaches and drugs for glioma treatment. Instead of activate the telomerase, approximately 30% of glioma use alternative lenthening of telomere (ALT) to maintain telomere length. The mechanism of ALT development is poorly understood, however, some genetic mutations have been reported to induce the development of ALT glioma, such as ATRX, IDH1, p53, etc. The lack of ALT glioma cell lines and preclinical ALT glioma models has limited the mechanistic studies of ALT glioma. Therefore, this review listed ALT glioma cell lines that derived from primary culture or gene editing in the last decade, as well as the xenografted animal models established by ALT glioma cell lines, and discussed the role and significance these cell and animal models play in preclinical studies.
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WRKY transcription factor family plays an important role in plant growth and development, secondary metabolite synthesis, and biotic and abiotic stress responses. The present study performed full-length transcriptome sequencing of Polygonatum cyrtonema by virtue of the PacBio SMRT high-throughput platform, identified the WRKY family by bioinformatics methods, and analyzed the physicochemical properties, subcellular localization, phylogeny, and conserved motifs. The results showed that 30.69 Gb nucleotide bases and 89 564 transcripts were obtained after redundancy removal. These transcripts had a mean length of 2 060 bp and an N50 value of 3 156 bp. Based on the full-length transcriptome sequencing data, 64 candidate proteins were selected from the WRKY transcription factor family, with the protein size of 92-1 027 aa, the relative molecular mass of 10 377.85-115 779.48 kDa, and the isoelectric point of 4.49-9.84. These WRKY family members were mostly located in the nucleus and belonged to the hydrophobic proteins. According to the phylogenetic analysis of WRKY family in P. cyrtonema and Arabidopsis thaliana, all WRKY family members were clustered into seven subfamilies and WRKY proteins from P. cyrtonema were distributed in different numbers in these seven subgroups. Expression pattern analysis confirmed that 40 WRKY family members had distinct expression patterns in the rhizomes of 1-and 3-year-old P. cyrtonema. Except for PcWRKY39, the expression of 39 WRKY family members was down-regulated in 3-year-old samples. In conclusion, this study provides abundant reference data for genetic research on P. cyrtonema and lays a foundation for the in-depth investigation of the biological functions of the WRKY family.
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Transcription Factors , Polygonatum , Phylogeny , Transcriptome , Gene Expression Regulation , Arabidopsisالملخص
The global patent data on extracorporeal membrane oxygenation(ECMO)in IncomPat Global Patent Database as of August 29,2022 were retrieved.The development trend and layout of ECMO industry were analyzed in terms of global patent application trend,patent distribution,patent technology,major patent applicants and their patent layout.Some suggestions were put forward for the innovation and development of ECMO industry in China so as to provide references for the formulation of national industrial policy,planning of industry technology direction and enterprise technology research and development and patent layout.[Chinese Medical Equipment Journal,2023,44(10):68-75]
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BACKGROUND@#Maturity-onset diabetes of the young (MODY) is the most common monogenic diabetes. The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of MODY in phenotypic type 2 diabetes (T2DM) among Chinese young adults.@*METHODS@#From April 2015 to October 2017, this cross-sectional study involved 2429 consecutive patients from 46 hospitals in China, newly diagnosed between 15 years and 45 years, with T2DM phenotype and negative for standardized glutamic acid decarboxylase antibody at the core laboratory. Sequencing using a custom monogenic diabetes gene panel was performed, and variants of 14 MODY genes were interpreted as per current guidelines.@*RESULTS@#The survey determined 18 patients having genetic variants causing MODY (6 HNF1A , 5 GCK , 3 HNF4A , 2 INS , 1 PDX1 , and 1 PAX4 ). The prevalence of MODY was 0.74% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.40-1.08%). The clinical characteristics of MODY patients were not specific, 72.2% (13/18) of them were diagnosed after 35 years, 47.1% (8/17) had metabolic syndrome, and only 38.9% (7/18) had a family history of diabetes. No significant difference in manifestations except for hemoglobin A1c levels was found between MODY and non-MODY patients.@*CONCLUSION@#The prevalence of MODY in young adults with phenotypic T2DM was 0.74%, among which HNF1A -, GCK -, and HNF4A -MODY were the most common subtypes. Clinical features played a limited role in the recognition of MODY.
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Humans , Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/diagnosis , Cross-Sectional Studies , Mutation , Prevalence , Phenotypeالملخص
OBJECTIVE@#To analyze the reliability of the Water Tank Scale for assessing recovery of motor function after spinal cord injury (SCI) in rats.@*METHODS@#Thirty-six adult female SD rats were randomly divided into SCI and sham-operated groups (n= 18). The recovery of the hind limb motor function was assessed using Water Tank scoring, BBB scoring, and motor-evoked potentials (MEP) at 1, 3, 5, 7, 14 and 21 days after SCI. MEP was used as the gold standard for analyzing and comparing differences between the two scoring methods.@*RESULTS@#The Water Tank scores of the rats were significantly higher than the BBB scores on day 3 (0.22±0.43 vs 0, P < 0.05) and also on days 5, 7 and 14 after SCI (0.67±0.49 vs 0.11±0.32, 4.33±1.19 vs 2.83±1.04, 8.61± 1.20 vs 7.06±1.0, P < 0.01). On day 21 after SCI, the scores of the Water Tank Scale of the rats did not significantly differ from the BBB scores (14.78±1.06 vs 14.50±1.47, P>0.05). Neurophysiological monitoring showed that both the Water Tank score and BBB score were significantly correlated with MEP latency, but the Water Tank score had a greater correlation coefficient with MEP latency (r=-0.90).@*CONCLUSION@#Compared with the BBB scale, Water Tank scoring allows more objective and accurate assessment of functional recovery of the spinal cord in early stages following SCI in rats, and can thus be used as a reliable method for assessing functional recovery of the hind limbs in rat models of acute SCI.
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Female , Animals , Rats , Rats, Sprague-Dawley , Reproducibility of Results , Spinal Cord Injuries , Waterالملخص
Objective:To explore the clinical and CT imaging features of immune checkpoint inhibitor-associated pneumonia (CIP) and to improve the early diagnostic ability of CIP.Methods:From June 1, 2020 to October 31, 2021, the clinical data and chest CT images of 2 067 patients with advanced malignant tumor treated with immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) in the First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital were retrospectively analyzed. Patients with CIP were enrolled according to the guidelines for CIP diagnosis, and the incidence, time from the start of medication to the onset of CIP, medication cycle, imaging features, imaging patterns, CT grade and outcomes were analyzed. χ 2 test was used to compare the incidence of CIP in patients with or without basic lung disease. Results:Among 2 067 patients with malignant tumors treated with ICI, 67 patients developed CIP, the incidence of CIP was 3.2%. The incidence of CIP was significantly different between 386 patients with basic lung disease (7.00%, 27/386) and 1 681 patients without basic lung disease (2.4%, 40/1 681) (χ 2=21.32, P<0.001). The time from the start of medication to the onset of CIP was 7-367 d (median 52 days), and the duration of medication was 1-12 cycles (median 2 cycles). The imaging features of CIP presented as ground glass opacities in 54 cases (80.6%), solid nodules in 26 cases (38.8%), consolidations in 25 cases (37.3%) and irregular reticular opacities in 24 cases (35.8%). The main radiologic pattern was organizing pneumonia (OP, 34 cases, 50.7%), and followed by diffuse alveolar damage (DAD) pattern (14 cases, 20.9%). According to CT grading, there were 26 cases in low risk grade, 17 cases in moderate risk grade and 24 cases in high risk grade. Of 43 low-and medium-risk grade cases, 25 were OP pattern, accounting for 58.1%, and among 24 high-risk grade patients, 13 were DAD pattern, accounting for 54.2%. Forty-three of the 52 patients were initially untreated, of which 23 patients progressed, 17 had lesion shrinkage, and 3 had resolution, and relapsed in 8 cases after resolution or drug withdrawal. Conclusions:The imaging manifestations of CIP are mainly ground glass opacities, nodules, consolidations, and irregular reticular opacities. The radiologic patterns are mainly OP and DAD. OP is the most common pattern in low-moderate risk grade CIP and DAD is the most common pattern in high risk grade CIP. Patients with basic lung disease are more likely to get CIP.
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This paper reviewed the traditional use of Paris polyphylla and its active components, aiming to provide reference for the development and utilization of this plant. It was found that P. polyphylla has been used as a medicinal plant by eight ethnic minorities. A total of 62 experiential effective recipes, including 29 simple recipes and 33 compound recipes, were analyzed for their indications, traditional processing methods, medicinal compatibilities, and administration doses. The top three in the eight ethnic minorities sorted by the quantity of folk recipes were the Yi nationality(18), Naxi nationality(13) and Bai nationality(12). P. polyphylla has been widely employed for the treatment of nine categories of diseases, especially the dermatologic diseases, trauma, and toxicosis currently. The collating of material basis for its traditional functions revealed 26 active components, among which 19 were steroidal saponins capable of resisting cancer, furuncles, carbuncles, abscesses, bacteria, inflammation and stopping bleeding. This study preliminarily proved the efficacy of P. polyphylla in treating cancer and respiratory system, digestive system, and genitourinary system diseases, which has provided clues for related basic research of P. polyphylla and development of new preparations.
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Ethnic and Racial Minorities , Liliaceae , Melanthiaceae , Plants, Medicinal , Saponinsالملخص
The present study was aimed to clarify the signaling molecular mechanism by which fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) regulates leptin gene expression in adipocytes. Differentiated 3T3-F442A adipocytes were used as study object. The mRNA expression level of leptin was detected by fluorescence quantitative RT-PCR. The phosphorylation levels of proteins of signal transduction pathways were detected by Western blot. The results showed that FGF21 significantly down-regulated the mRNA expression level of leptin in adipocytes, and FGF21 receptor inhibitor BGJ-398 could completely block this effect. FGF21 up-regulated the phosphorylation levels of ERK1/2 and AMPK in adipocytes. Either ERK1/2 inhibitor SCH772984 or AMPK inhibitor Compound C could partially block the inhibitory effect of FGF21, and the combined application of these two inhibitors completely blocked the effect of FGF21. Neither PI3K inhibitor LY294002 nor Akt inhibitor AZD5363 affected the inhibitory effect of FGF21 on leptin gene expression. These results suggest that FGF21 may inhibit leptin gene expression by activating ERK1/2 and AMPK signaling pathways in adipocytes.
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Animals , Mice , 3T3 Cells , Adenylate Kinase , Adipocytes , Metabolism , Down-Regulation , Fibroblast Growth Factors , Metabolism , Leptin , Metabolism , MAP Kinase Signaling System , Phosphorylation , Signal Transductionالملخص
BACKGROUND@#Gastric cancer (GC) is one of the most globally prevalent cancers in the world. The pathogenesis of GC has not been fully elucidated, and there still lacks effective targeted therapeutics. The influence of altered kinesin superfamily protein 22 (KIF22) expression in GC progression is still unclearly. The aim of this study was to investigate the KIF22 effects on GC and related mechanisms.@*METHODS@#Gastric carcinoma tissues and matching non-cancerous tissues were collected from patients with GC who have accepted a radical gastrectomy in Lanzhou University Second Hospital from May 2013 to December 2014. The expression of KIF22 was examined in GC of 67 patients and 20 para-carcinoma tissues by immunochemical staining. The relationship between the expression of KIF22 and clinicopathologic characteristics was next investigated in the remaining 52 patients except for 15 patients who did not complete follow-up for 5 years. Cell viability was performed via 3-(4,5-dimethyl-2-thiazolyl)-2,5-diphenyl-2-H-tetrazolium bromide (MTT) test and colony formation assay in the MGC-803 and BGC-823 GC cells. Cell scratch and trans-well invasion assay was performed to assess migration ability in the MGC-803 and BGC-823 GC cells. Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) pathway enrichment analysis was performed to explore the potential functions. Cell cycle was detected by flow cytometry. In addition, the two GC cell lines were used to elucidate the underlying mechanism of KIF22 in GC in vitro via assessing the effects on mitogen-activated protein kinase and extracellular regulated protein kinases (MAPK/ERK) signal transduction pathway-related expressions by Western blotting assays. The differences were compared by t tests, one-way analysis of variance, and Chi-squared tests.@*RESULTS@#The study showed that KIF22 was up-regulated in GC, and KIF22 high expression was significantly related to differentiation degree (χ = 12.842, P = 0.002) and poorly overall survivals. GSEA pathway enrichment analysis showed that KIF22 was correlated with the cell cycle. Silence of KIF22 decreased the ability of the proliferation and migration in gastric cells, induced G1/S phase cell cycle arrest via regulating the MAPK-ERK pathways.@*CONCLUSIONS@#KIF22 protein level was negatively correlated with prognosis. KIF22 knockdown might inhibit proliferation and metastasis of GC cells via the MAPK-ERK signaling pathway.
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"Huajiao" is dried ripe fruit peel of Zanthoxylum bungeanum or Z. schinifolium, is konwn as geoherbs, especially the "Dahongpao" cultivated in Hanyuan, Maoxian and Jiulong of Sichuan province. However, the genetic basis of Dao-di "Huajiao" is virtually unknown. The transcriptome of the fruit and leaf from Sichuan(Hanyuan, Jiulong, Lixian, Maoxian), Gansu(Wudu) province and Shaanxi(Fengxian) province was sequenced. Trinity de novo assembling resulted in a total of 177 616 unigenes. Through the KEGG, NR, SwissProt, Trembl, KOG/COG, GO, Pfam database comparision 106 644 annotated Unigene finally, 4 574 deferentially expressed genes were found in fruit between Sichuan and other provinces, including 3 740 up-regulated genes and 834 down-regulated genes. Among the up-regulated genes, 27 up-regulated genes were raleted to terpenoids, and 8 up-regulated genes were related to isoquinoline alkaloid bio-synthesis. Furthermore, it was also showed remarkable differences in groups which enrichment ratio of the diffe-rent expressed gene compared. The different expressed genes were annotated by the KEGG database into plant-pathogen interaction, plant hormone signal transduction and phenylpropanoid biosynthesis in fruit and leaf, but isoflavonoid bio-synthesis and betaine bio-synthesis were significantly different in fruit and leaf. The study laid a certain reference basis for comparison of quality and different expressed gene of Z. bungeanum from different groups.
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China , Fruit/chemistry , Gene Expression Profiling , Plant Leaves/chemistry , Plants, Medicinal/chemistry , Secondary Metabolism , Transcriptome , Zanthoxylum/chemistryالملخص
Objective:To examine the effect of helicobacter pylori(H.pylori)eradication on blood glucose and insulin levels in elderly patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM).Methods:This was a prospective case-control study.Ninety-three diabetic elderly patients(≥ 80 years)under glycemic control and with H. pylori infection were selected as the DM group and eighty-nine elderly patients(≥ 80 years)without T2DM and with H. pylori infection were selected as the control group.Among them, bismuth quadruple was given to eradicate H. pylori.Levels of fasting blood glucose, insulin, glycated hemoglobin(HbA1c), gastrin, insulin resistance index(HOMA-IR), and insulin secretion index(HOMA-β)were compared before treatment and at 4, 8, 12 and 16 weeks after treatment.Rates of H. pylori eradication and adverse reactions were evaluated.Results:The eradication rate of H. pylori was similar between the DM group and the control group [73.1%(68 cases) vs.84.3%(75 cases), P>0.05]. There were no significant differences in levels of fasting blood glucose, insulin, HbA1c, gastrin, HOMA-IR, and HOMA- β before treatment and at 4, 8, 12, 16 weeks after treatment between the two groups( P>0.05). However, the incidence of constipation was significantly higher in the DM group than in the control group [25.8%(24 cases) vs.12.4%(11 cases), P<0.05]. Conclusions:The eradication of H. pylori has no significant effect on fasting blood glucose, insulin and HbA1c in elderly patients with or without T2DM.
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Objective Studies are rarely reported on the correlation of the Toll-like receptor (TLR) gene polymorphisms with fungal infection in the Chinese Han population. This study aims to explore the association between TLR gene polymorphisms and pulmonary candida infection (PCI) and candida colonization (CC) in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) in the Guizhou Han population. Methods Using the polymerase chain reaction-direct sequencing (PCR-SBT) method, we genotyped six single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) of the TLR1, TLR2 and TLR4 genes in 344 Guizhou Han patients with COPD, including 80 cases complicated by PCI (the PCI group), 103 cases complicated by CC (the CC group), and 161 negative controls. We analyzed the correlation of the SNPs with PCI and CC in the COPD patients in different genetic models with the SNPstats online software, measured the levels of IL-6, IL-8, IL-1β and TNF-α proteins in the plasma of the patients by ELISA, and assessed the functional consequences of these polymorphisms. Results The polymorphisms of rs5743611, rs5743708, rs4986790 and rs4986791 were found in none of the patients. The genotype frequency of rs4833095 was significantly different between the PCI and control groups in the codominant, dominant and overdominant models (P < 0.05), with the dominant model as the best genetic pattern. No statistically significant difference was observed either in the rs4833095 genotype frequency between the CC and control groups (P > 0.05) or in the rs5743618 genotype frequency between any two groups (P > 0.05). In the PCI group, the T allele of the rs4833095 polymorphism significantly decreased the levels of IL-6, IL-8 and IL-1β in the plasma (P < 0.05), and that of TNF-α as well, though with no statistically significant difference (P > 0.05). Conclusion The rs4833095 polymorphism of the TLR1 gene is associated with PCI in COPD patients. The T allele of rs4833095 may affect the function of TLR1, decrease the levels of IL-6, IL-8 and IL-1β proteins in the plasma. Neither rs4833095 nor rs5743618 gene polymorphism is correlated with the susceptibility to candida colonization.
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OBJECTIVE@#To study the expression of molecules associated with the Notch signaling pathway in children with tuberculosis, as well as the role of this pathway in the pathogenesis of tuberculosis in children.@*METHODS@#A total of 62 children who were diagnosed with tuberculosis from June 2017 to December 2018 were enrolled as the case group, and 64 healthy children were enrolled as the healthy control group. Peripheral venous blood samples with a volume of 2 mL were collected, and quantitative real-time PCR was used to measure the mRNA expression levels of the molecules associated with the Notch signaling pathway (receptors Notch1-4, ligands Jagged1/2 and DLL1/3/4, and downstream target genes Hes1 and Hey1) in leukocytes.@*RESULTS@#Compared with the healthy control group, the case group had significant increases in the mRNA expression levels of Notch1, Notch2, and DLL4 in leukocytes (P0.05).@*CONCLUSIONS@#There are significant increases in the mRNA expression of Notch1/2 and DLL4 in children with tuberculosis, while there are no significant changes in the expression of downstream target genes, suggesting that the Notch signaling pathway, which is activated by the interaction between Notch1/2 and DLL4 after Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection, may play a role in childhood tuberculosis by acting on other target genes, and further studies are needed for clarification.
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Child , Humans , Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction , Receptors, Notch , Signal Transduction , Tuberculosisالملخص
Ginseng is a plant in the family Araliaceae and the genus Panax with the formal name of Panax ginseng C. A. Meyer and the treasure of traditional herbal medicine resources as the "king of herbs". Ginseng has been traditionally used for over 2,000 years in Asian countries, especially in China and Republic of Korea. During the ginseng industry chain, the cultivation in farmland and seed breeding are important for sustainable development of ginseng resources. Active components in ginseng including ginsenosides, polysaccharides, phenolic compound and their therapeutic benefits for multiple diseases are being studied. This paper aimed to review current research status and problem-solving strategies for each step of ginseng industry, including ginseng growing cultivation and seed resources, basic and clinical studies as well as comparison of ginseng industry between China and Republic of Korea, hoping to provide a reference for research direction and future development of ginseng industry.
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Objective: To investigate the effect of Erzhiwan (EZW) on the invasion and metastasis of human colon cancer HCT116 cells. Method: The abilities of invasion (number of transmembrane cells) and migration (relative width of 48 h scratch) were observed by Transwell assay. Western blot was used to detect vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and E-cadherin protein, respectively. Result: ① Transwell results showed that compared with the blank control group, the number of model piercing cells in each drug group was decreased (PPPPPPPP-1 L-OHP combined with 10% EZW group was lower than that in L-OHP group (PP-1 L-OHP combined with 10% EZW group and L-OHP group increased the expression of E-cadherin protein significantly. Compared with L-OHP group, the expression of E-cadherin protein was the highest (PConclusion: EZW can inhibit the invasion and metastasis of colon cancer HCT116 cells, and the best effect is achieved after combined with L-OHP. This may be related to the decrease of VEGF protein expression and the increase of E-cadherin protein expression after combination with L-OHP.
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Chronic constipation is one of the common health problems in the elderly and occurs in the form of primary and secondary constipation. The former is functional and the latter is related to organic diseases and drugs. To understand its etiology,risk factors and complications,the relevant clinical assessment and alarming signs should be attended. The treatment of chronic constipation includes non-pharmacologic,pharmacologic and surgical approaches. It is necessary to practice a three-stage treatment process of chronic constipation in accordance with the situation in China.
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BACKGROUND: When conservative treatment of pure lumbar spondylolysis is ineffective, segmental fixation and bone grafting is a commonly used method. However, surgical methods are various, and have some controversies. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effectiveness of U-shape titanium screw-rod fixation system with bone grafting for pure lumbar spondylolysis. METHODS: Data from 15 patients with pure lumbar spondylolysis or without mild spondylolisthesis, who were treated with U-shape titanium screw-rod fixation system and bone grafting in the Department of Orthopedics of Jinan Military General Hospital from May 2012 to May 2016, were retrospectively reviewed. Operation time, intraoperative blood loss and postoperative drainage were observed. The lumbar spine X-ray, CT, Visual Analogue Scale and Oswestry Disability Index were compared before operation, 3, 6 and 12 months after operation. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) The operation time was (115.0±18.8) minutes, the intraoperative blood loss was (280.0±84.3) mL, and the postoperative drainage was (61.0±19.6) mL. (2) By Visual Analogue Scale and Oswestry Disability Index during following-up, pain symptoms and function were significantly improved (P < 0.05). (3) No secondary spondylolisthesis, adjacent vertebral degeneration, internal fixation fracture, loosening, infection or nerve injury occurred during the follow-up. (4) All patients had bony union. The healing time range was 6-12 months, with an average of 8.2 months. (5) In summary, U-shape titanium screw-rod fixation system with bone grafting is a good choice for the treatment of pure lumbar spondylolysis.
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Objective To analyze the distribution of main pathogens,antimicrobial susceptibility,and clinical characteristics of osteoarticular infection,and provide evidence for clinical treatment.Methods A retrospective sur-vey was conducted on clinical data and pathogenic results of hospitalized patients with osteoarticular infection diag-nosed by etiology and pathology in Peking University First Hospital from 2009 to 2016,surveyed data were analyzed statistically.Results A total of 99 cases of bacterial osteoarticular infection were enrolled,100 strains of pathogenic bacteria were isolated,gram-positive bacteria accounted for 67.00%,49.00% of which were Staphylococcus spp., Enterobacteriaceae bacteria accounted for 67.74% of 31 strains of gram-negative bacteria.Isolation rate of methicil-lin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA)was 16.13%,resistance rates of Staphylococcus spp.to fluoroquino-lones and rifampicin were both lower than 30%.Complication with other site infection (urinary tract infection,in-testinal infection,bloodstream infection)was an independent risk factor for gram-negative bacterial steoarticular in-fection (P=0.027,OR=10.536,95% CI:1.300-85.417).Conclusion Staphylococcus spp.is still the main pathogen causing osteoarticular infection,proportion of MRSA is low.Patients with urinary tract infection and in-testinal infection as well as long duration of implant should be considered the possibility of gram-negative bacterial infection when they develop steoarticular infection.
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Objective To develop a method of isolation and identification of exosomes of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells.Methods The mesenchymal stem cells were cultured by whole bone marrow adherence method.A new reagent -exosomes extraction kit was used to isolate and collecte exosomes.The exosomes were identified by elec-tron microscopy,particle size detection,flow cytometry and Western blot.Results The expression of CD45 on the surface of the third generation bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells was negative,and CD73 and CD105 were posi-tive;exosomes derived from bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells were round or oval,the size is non-uniform,the diameter is 30~100 nm,have a complete membrane structure,and containing low-density substances;Particle size detection particle diameter of the main peak was 61.25 nm, in which the diameter of particles was about 20-200 nm accounted for 72.4%;exosome expressed CD63 and CD81;The expression of CD9 and CD63 from cell cul-ture supernatants was positive.Conclusions The exosomes can be collected in the medium of mesenchymal stem cells.The exosomes derived from bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells can be identified by electron microscopy, particle size detection,flow cytometry and Western blot.