الملخص
Slicing is critical in the processing of Chinese materia medica(CMM) processed product and the specification(thickness) is closely related to the quality of the decoction. On the basis of clarifying the concept and evolution of slicing of CMM processed product by reviewing the Chinese herbal classics of the past dynasties and general rules of local processing standards, this study discussed the development history of slicing specifications in general rules of Chinese Pharmacopoeia(2020 edition), analyzed the current situation and key problems, and proposed the thinking and suggestion on promoting the sound development of slicing of CMM processed product. Since 2000, the slicing thickness of CMM processed product in the general rules of local CMM processed product processing specifications newly revised and issued by 27 provinces, autonomous regions, and municipalities has been consistent with that in the general rules of the Chinese Pharmacopoeia(2020 edition). The standard that the thickness of extremely thin pieces is less than 0.5 mm is rarely retained, and the pieces in 0.5-1 mm thickness have not been found on the market, which is consistent with the provisions of the general rules of the Chinese Pharmacopoeia. This study can provide a historical and modern basis for the rationality of slicing of CMM processed product.
الموضوعات
Materia Medica , Drugs, Chinese Herbal , Medicine, Chinese Traditional , Reference Standardsالملخص
This study aims to reveal the effects of different growth patterns and years on the quality of Saposhnikoviae Radix samples. The apparent colors of the powder samples were quantified by a colorimeter, and the total color values(E~*ab) were calculated. The content of prim-O-glucosylcimifugin, cimifugin, 4'-O-β-D-glucosyl-5-O-methylvisamminol, sec-O-glucosylhamaudol, and 3'-O-angeloylhamaudol in the samples was simultaneously determined by high performance liquid chromatography(HPLC). Cluster analysis, principal component analysis, partial least squares discriminant analysis, and Pearson correlation analysis were performed to analyze the powder chromatic values and the content of 5 components. The results showed that the E~*ab values of the samples were in the order of wild group<multiple-year-old group<one-year-old group. The content of cimifugin, sec-O-glucosylhamaudol, and 3'-O-angeloylhamaudol in the wild group was significantly higher than that in the multiple-year-old and one-year-old groups. The results of multivariate statistical analysis showed that the quality of multiple-year-old group varied greatly. The quality of the multiple-year-old samples was close to that of the wild group and better than that of the one-year-old group. The variable importance in the projection(VIP) values of b~*, 3'-O-angeloylhamaudol content, E~*ab, and L~* were all larger than 1, and that of cimifugin content was close to 1. The E~*ab value was negatively correlated with the content of prim-O-glucosylcimifugin, cimifugin, sec-O-glucosylhamaudol, and 3'-O-angeloylhamaudol, while it had no linear correlation with the 4'-O-β-D-glucosyl-5-O-methylvisamminol content. The growth patterns and years had different effects on the quality of Saposhnikoviae Radix samples. The chromatic values of Saposhnikoviae Radix and the content of 5 components can be used to evaluate the quality of Saposhnikoviae Radix, and 3'-O-angeloylhamaudol and cinmifugin can be considered as markers for the quality control of Saposhnikovia divaricata during the growing process.
الموضوعات
Powders , Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid/methods , Drugs, Chinese Herbal/analysis , Apiaceae , Plant Roots/chemistryالملخص
As the last procedure of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM) applied in clinical practice, prescription-based processing(PBP) is an important guarantee for the quality and clinical efficacy of TCM, which can not only maximize the effect of processed product, but also exert the characteristics of syndrome differentiation and treatment in TCM. However, due to various reasons, most medical institutions have no PBP business. As a result, doctors can only use the conventional decoction pieces available on the market, which also greatly limits their flexible medication, with certain impacts on the normal development of the curative effect of TCM. Therefore, the article explained the necessity of PBP from three aspects. In addition, according to Chinese Pharmacopoeia and the characte-ristics of TCM decoction pieces, the varieties suitable for PBP were summarized and proposed, and also some suggestions about developing PBP are given. The PBP is one of the characteristic techniques in TCM, with special technical requirements and profound scientific connotation. The development of PBP will not only promote the processing of TCM and ensure the clinical efficacy, but also promote the vigorous development of TCM.
الموضوعات
Drugs, Chinese Herbal , Medicine, Chinese Traditional , Prescriptionsالملخص
Thin layer chromatography, high performance liquid chromatography and multivariate statistical analysis were integrated in current study to provide a basis for the quality evaluation and the standard improvement of Paridis Rhizoma(Chinese name: Chong-lou). The results demonstrated that the primary saponins in the two authorized sources of Paridis Rhizoma were polyphyllinsⅠ, Ⅱ and Ⅶ, while the rhizome of Trillium tschonoskii an adulterant of Paridis Rhizoma was rich of polyphyllin Ⅵ. Therefore, the apparent content of polyphyllin Ⅵ plays a determinant role towards the source authentication of raw materials and decoction slices of Paridis Rhizoma, whose adulterants frequently occur in the market. Moreover, the contents of polyphyllin Ⅵ in the two authorized sources could meet the requirements of Chinese Pharmacopoeia. Therefore, we suggested that polyphyllin Ⅵ should not be omitted from the quality standard of Paridis Rhizoma in the Chinese Pharmacopoeia, and on the other side, polyphyllinsⅠ, Ⅱ and Ⅶ should be the eligible quality indicators. The study aims to sound information and evidences for the quality evaluation of Paridis Rhizoma, and also to provide a theoretical basis for the standard revision of Paridis Rhizoma in the future Chinese Pharmacopoeia.
الموضوعات
Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid , Drugs, Chinese Herbal , Rhizome , Saponins , Trilliumالملخص
This study aims to compare the internal chemical composition and appearance indifferent growth patterns and years of Saposhnikovia divaricata decoction pieces,which was applied to explore the effect of growth patterns and years on its quality. The appearance characteristic data of 55 batches of different growth patterns and years of S. divaricata were collected using PANTONE color card.High performance liquid chromatography( HPLC) was used to determine the contents of prim-O-glucosyl-cinmifugin,cimifugin,4-O-β-D-glucosyl-5-O-methylvisamminol and sec-O-glucosylhamaudol. The content of alcohol soluble extract and water-soluble extract were determined by hot-dip method. The content of volatile oil was determined by steam distillation. The correlation between growth patterns and years and the contents of 4 chromones,extracts and volatile oil were analyzed by modern statistical methods. Also,the method of comprehensively evaluating the quality of Chinese herbal pieces was developed by combining the growth patterns and years,appearance and chemical indexes. MTT assay was used to evaluate the effects on the survival rate of RAW264. 7 cells at four different concentrations of chromones and LPS was used to stimulate well-growing RAW264. 7 cells to establish an inflammatory model. The contents of NO and TNF-α in cell supernatant were detected by NO test kit and ELISA method. The contents of alcohol soluble extracts and water-soluble extracts in different growth patterns and years are: wild products<perennial cultivation<annual cultivation; the contents of volatile oil are: wild products>perennial cultivation>annual cultivation; the contents of four chromones are: wild products>perennial cultivation and annual cultivation. There was no significant difference between the sum of the two indexes in the Pharmacopoeia of perennial cultivation and wild products. 4 chromones showed no toxicity to RAW264. 7 cells at 5 mg·L-1. The release of NO and TNF-α was inhibited by 4 chromones and the anti-inflammatory effect of cimifugin was the best. In summary,there are obvious differences in appearance characteristics,internal quality and effects between different growth patterns and years. It showed that the wild products were superior to the perennial cultivation and the perennial cultivation was superior to the annual cultivation. In order to alleviate the shortage of wild S. divaricata resources,it is suggested that the Chinese Pharmacopoeia standard should increase the character of decoction pieces of perennial cultivation,and properly raise the limit requirement of the sum of the two indexes in the Chinese Pharmacopoeia to ensure the clinical demands and effect.
الموضوعات
Animals , Mice , Apiaceae/growth & development , Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid , Drugs, Chinese Herbal/standards , Nitric Oxide/metabolism , Oils, Volatile/analysis , Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha/metabolismالملخص
The content of tyrosol,salidroside,echinacoside,rutin,acteoside,ligustroflavone,specnuezhenide,and quercetin were determined by HPLC,and the color of Ligustri Lucidi Fructus was determined by comparison with color card.Hundred-seed weight was analyzed by using gravimetric method.The correlation analysis and One-way ANOVA were used to analyze the relationship between the characters,the chemical composition,the harvest time and the geographical location of Ligustri Lucidi Fructus,for giving a comprehensive evaluation of the quality of Ligustri Lucidi Fructus The results showed that 92% of Ligustri Lucidi Fructus were all up to quality standard of Chinese Pharmacopoeia,and the contents of 7 components in Ligustri Lucidi Fructus(except quercetin) were higher than those in samples with black colors.The content of salidroside in Ligustri Lucidi Fructus harvested in June was the highest and the other7 components of Ligustri Lucidi Fructus were relatively high in 8-10 months.According to the quality parameters of Ligustri Lucidi Fructus,the Ligustri Lucidi Fructus from six habitats can not be distinguished effectively.The results showed that there was a certain relationship between the color,harvest season and component content of Ligustri Lucidi Fructus,and the habitats were not related to the quality parameters of Ligustri Lucidi Fructus.The study aimsat providing data support for the resource status of native Ligustri Lucidi Fructus,and a theoretical basis for the revision of standards of Ligustri Lucidi Fructusin the future.
الموضوعات
Drugs, Chinese Herbal , Reference Standards , Fruit , Chemistry , Ligustrum , Chemistryالملخص
The fluoritum is used for gynecology frequently and it's for those diseases: kidney yang deficiency, Gong cold sterility, palpitation due to fright, insomnia and dreaminess and cold cough. It's ruled in Chinese Pharmacopoeia (1985 edition) that the fluoritum originates from fluorite which belongs to fluoride minerals. Its main content is CaF2. The colors are of differents grades with purple or green. In the market, there are large differences in quality and it has various colors. Besides of the ruled color of purple and green, white and yellow are also common colors. By digging into and analysis the relevant research literature of fluorite which belongs to fluoride minerals, colors and coloration mechanism of fluorite are summarized in this paper.Natural fluorite is the mineral which has the most species of colors in nature. The different colors of fluorite are mainly caused by the impurity elements. At present, there are mainly about the coloration mechanism of fluorite: rare earth ions (4fN ions), color center, inclusions, crystalline domains or sub microscopic inclusions. The green of fluorite is produced by 570 nm and 305 nm absorption peaks which are caused by Sm2+ and compensated ions Na+ centers generated color center. The yellow of fluorite is produced by the joining of transition element, resulting in the formation of charge transfer between the crystal ions and the formation of O2-O32- ion molecule.The black of fluorite, mainly was attributed to the existence of a higher degree of evolution of organic matter. In this passage,suggestions for modification of the properties of fluoritum in Chinese Pharmacopoeia are put forward.
الملخص
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To observe the effects of series of Muskone (the muskone includes Slender Dutchmanspipe Root, Inula Root and neither kind of Common Aucklandia Root) on the heart hemodynamics and myocardial consumption of oxygen in experimental dogs, and to explain its pharmacological action on cardiovascular system.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>Arterial blood pressure, coronary blood flow, resistance in coronary artery, total peripheral resistance, work of left artrium and oxygen consumption index of the cardiac muscles were observed in anaesthetic dogs.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>The series of Muskone decreased arterial blood pressure significantly, dilated coronary artery and peripheral arteries significantly, increased coronary blood flow, decreased resistance in coronary artery, improved the work of left artrium, the oxygen availability of cardiac muscles and the complaisance of arteries in cardiac muscles.</p>
الموضوعات
Animals , Dogs , Female , Male , Aristolochia , Chemistry , Asteraceae , Chemistry , Blood Pressure , Coronary Circulation , Cycloparaffins , Pharmacology , Drug Combinations , Heart , Physiology , Hemodynamics , Inula , Chemistry , Myocardium , Metabolism , Oxygen Consumption , Plant Roots , Chemistry , Plants, Medicinal , Chemistry , Vascular Resistanceالملخص
The aim of the study was to look for the chemical constituents of the herb of Lysimachia foenum-graecum. The herb of Lysimachia foenum-graecum was extracted with 70% EtOH. The isolation and purification was performed with a combination of multi-column chromatography and the structure was determined by spectral analysis. The flavonoid compound was obtained and elucidated as kaempferol-7-O(4"-(E)-p-coumaroyl-)-alpha-L-rhmanopyranosyl)-3-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl (1-->4)-alpha-L-rhmanopyranosyl (1-->2)-beta-D-glucopyranoside. It is a new flavonoid compound.
الموضوعات
Flavonoids , Chemistry , Glucosides , Chemistry , Molecular Conformation , Molecular Structure , Plant Components, Aerial , Chemistry , Plants, Medicinal , Chemistry , Primulaceae , Chemistryالملخص
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the therapeutic effects of the series of Muskone (the Muskone includes Slender Dutchmanspipe Root, Tumuxiang, and not Slender Dutchmanspipe Root) on experimental myocardial infarct and pain in rats.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>Coronary artery ligation was applied for the model of myocardial infarct. Therapeutic effects were evaluated by measuring parameters of histomorphometry, blood plasm of ET, 6- keto-PGF1alpha and TXB2. Intraperitoneal injection acetic was applied for the model of ache, the frequency and eclipse period of writhing were evaluated its effect of resisting pain.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>The Muskone including Radix Aristolociae, the Muskone including Radix Inulae and the Muskone without Radix Aucklandiae all can decrease the area of myocardial infarction in rats, the level of TXB2, ET, and the frequency of writhing significantly. Also it can increase the level 6-keto-PGF1alpha, the ratio of 6-keto-PGF1alpha and TXB2. Single Radix Aristolociae or Radix Inulae only relieved pain.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The Muskone including Radix Aristolociae, the Muskone including Radix Inulae and the Muskone without Radix Aucklandiae all have significant therapeutic effect on both myocardial infarction and pain, while single Radix Aristolociae or Radix Inulae only can relieve pain.</p>
الموضوعات
Animals , Female , Male , Mice , Rats , 6-Ketoprostaglandin F1 alpha , Blood , Aristolochia , Chemistry , Cycloparaffins , Pharmacology , Drug Combinations , Drugs, Chinese Herbal , Pharmacology , Endothelins , Blood , Inula , Chemistry , Mice, Inbred ICR , Myocardial Infarction , Drug Therapy , Pain , Plants, Medicinal , Chemistry , Rats, Wistar , Thromboxane B2 , Bloodالملخص
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To observe the effects of the series of Muskone (the Muskone includes Slender Dutchmanspipe Root, Tumuxiang, and not Slender Dutchmanspipe Root) on myocardial ischemia, myocardial infarction and hematological index in experimental canines, and to explain the pharmacological action and characteristic of its therapeutic effect on ischemic heart disease.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>The range and degree of myocardial ischemia was evaluated by epicardial electrogram mapping, and the range extent of myocardial infarction was determined by quantitate histology (N-BT staining method). Meanwhile, the changes of ET, TXB2, 6-Keto-PGF1alpha were determined to study the effects of the series of Muskone on myocardial ischemia, myocardial infarction and hematological index in experimental canines.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>The series of Muskone can improve myocardial ischemia and infarction in experimental canines, and relieve significantly the degree of myocardial ischemia (Sigma-ST) determined by epicardial electrogram mapping, decrease the range of myocardial ischemia (N-ST) determined by epicardial electrogram mapping and decrease infarction zone determined by N-BT staining method. And it has a significant inhibition on activity of ET induced by myocardial ischemia and infarction, and increases 6-Keto-PGF1alpha and 6-Keto-PGF1alpha/TXB2 induced by myocardial ischemia.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The series of Muskone has significant therapeutic effect on myocardial infarction.</p>