Application of transport ventilator in the inter-hospital transport of critically ill children / 中国当代儿科杂志

OBJECTIVES@#To study the application value of transport ventilator in the inter-hospital transport of critically ill children.@*METHODS@#The critically ill children in Hunan Children's Hospital who were transported with or without a transport ventilator were included as the observation group (from January 2019 to January 2020; n=122) and the control group (from January 2018 to January 2019; n=120), respectively. The two groups were compared in terms of general data, the changes in heart rate, respiratory rate, and blood oxygen saturation during transport, the incidence rates of adverse events, and outcomes.@*RESULTS@#There were no significant differences between the two groups in sex, age, oxygenation index, pediatric critical illness score, course of disease, primary disease, heart rate, respiratory rate, and transcutaneous oxygen saturation before transport (P>0.05). During transport, there were no significant differences between the two groups in the changes in heart rate, respiratory rate, and transcutaneous oxygen saturation (P>0.05). The incidence rates of tracheal catheter detachment, indwelling needle detachment, and sudden cardiac arrest in the observation group were lower than those in the control group during transport, but the difference was not statistically significant (P>0.05). Compared with the control group, the observation group had significantly shorter duration of mechanical ventilation and length of stay in the pediatric intensive care unit and significantly higher transport success rate and cure/improvement rate (P<0.05).@*CONCLUSIONS@#The application of transport ventilator in the inter-hospital transport can improve the success rate of inter-hospital transport and the prognosis in critically ill children, and therefore, it holds promise for clinical application in the inter-hospital transport of critically ill children.

Effects of Angong Niuhuang Pills against heart failure based on cross-scale polypharmacological study / 中国中药杂志

Angong Niuhuang Pills(AGNHP) are effective in clearing heat, removing the toxin, and eliminating phlegm for resuscitation. Clinically, it is widely used to treat various diseases such as febrile convulsion due to heat attacking pericardium, but its therapeutic effects on heart failure(HF) have not been well recognized. In this study, the profiles of differential metabolites regulated by AGNHP were identified by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry(UPLC-Q-TOF-MS). The underlying mechanism of AGNHP against HF was illustrated based on the integrated analysis of pharmacological data and metabolic molecular network. The HF model was induced by isoproterenol in mice. After oral administration of AGNHP for one week, cardiac functions in HF mice were evaluated by echocardiography, and serum samples of mice were collected for metabolomics analysis. Eight differential metabolites of AGNHP against HF were screened out through partial least square discriminant analysis(PLS-DA) and input into MetaboAnalyst for the analysis of metabolic pathways. Moreover, the critical metabolic pathways regulated by AGNHP were enriched according to the potential targets of major compounds in AGNHP. After AGNHP treatment, the recovered index of relative content of some metabolites underwent cross-scale fusion analysis with therapeutic efficacy data, followed by "compound-reaction-enzyme-gene" network analysis. It is inferred that the anti-HF effects of AGNHP may be attributed to the metabolism of arachidonic acid, amino acid, glycerophospholipid, and linoleic acid. The cross-scale polypharmacological analysis method developed in this study provides a new method to interpret scientific principles of AGNHP against HF with modern technologies.

Methodology and applications for multimodal identification of active constituents of traditional Chinese medicine / 中国中药杂志

The discovery of active constituents of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM) faces multiple challenges, such as limited approaches to evaluate poly-pharmacological effects, and the lack of systematic methods to identify active constituents. Aimed at these bottleneck problems in the field, the present study intensively discussed the key scientific problems in the identification of active constituents of TCM, based on scientific methodologies including systematology, information theory, and synergetics. A comprehensive strategy is herein proposed to investigate the correlations between the chemical composition and biological activities of TCM, from macro-, meso-, and micro-scales. Moreover, in this study, we systematically proposed the methodology of the multimodal identification of TCM active constituents, and thoroughly constructed its core technologies. Its technical framework is suggested to be assessed by multimodal information acquisition, centered on multisource information fusion, and focused on interaction evaluation. Furthermore, the core technologies for the multimodal identification of active constituents of TCM were developed in this study, which is according to the characteristics of the exchanges of between TCM and biological organisms, in the aspects of material, energy and information. Finally, two examples of the application of the proposed method were briefly introduced. The proposed methodology provides a novel way to solve the bottlenecks in the study of active constituents of TCM, and lays the foundation for the multimodal study of TCM.

Relationship among areca nut, intracellular reactive oxygen species, and autophagy / 华西口腔医学杂志

The relationship between areca nut as a primary carcinogen and oral cancer has been widely concerned. Areca can change the levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and autophagy in cells, and the levels of ROS and autophagy are closely related to the occurrence and development of tumors. This paper reviewed the relationships among areca nut, intracellular ROS, and autophagy.

Intelligent and lean manufacturing for Chinese medicine:theory and its applications / 中国中药杂志

To cope with the " six major scientific problems" and the " five major technical challenges" of intelligent manufacturing and lean production of Chinese medicine( CM),we systematically proposed strategies,methods and the engineering theory of intelligent and lean manufacturing for CM by integrating the holistic view of traditional Chinese medicine and the concepts inspired from international advanced pharmaceutical technology. Moreover,the translational research of the theory and methods was successfully applied to six CMs such as Xuesaitong Injection. Several intelligent production lines were designed and built on the basis of the theory and methods,which greatly accelerated the digitalization,networking,and intelligence manufacture for CM. As a conclusion,the theory and applications provide technical demonstration for technical upgrading and high-quality development of CM industry.

Establishment pharmacological research platform for "Concurrent treatment of the brain and heart" and its application on dissecting mechanism of Danhong injection / 中国中药杂志

The Concurrent treatment of the brain and heart (CTBH) theory is proposed based on traditional Chinese medical theory and clinical practice. In this study, a framework for the pharmacological research platform was established to investigate the principles of concurrent treatment of the brain and heart. The platform for CTBH includes several key techniques for network modeling, discovery of active substances, dissecting mechanism of action and investigation of pharmacokinetic property of TCM. Taking network modeling of CTBH as an example, using database search, literature mining, network construction and module analysis, the that network modules closely associated with the pathological progress of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases were identified, while further functional enrichment analysis of these modules indicated that the key biological processes included oxidative stress, metabolism and inflammation. GSK3B, NOTCH1, CDK4 were identified as key nodes in these network modules. The above-mentioned platform was applied to construct component-biomolecules network of Danhong injection for the identification of common targets and pathways. Among them, GSK3B had the highest correlation with the composition of Danhong injection in the network, and the biological function of whose cluster was related to cell oxidative stress. Based upon results of network analysis, validation experiments suggested that Danhong injection significantly improved the survival rate of oxidative injured myocardial cells and nerve cells, and the protective effect was related to the increase of phosphorylated GSK3β protein expression. Moreover, extracts of Salviae Miltiorrhizae Radix et Rhizoma and Carthami Flos exerted the synergisticcytoprotective effect. The results indicated that the mechanism of treatment of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases of Danhong injection could be studied through network modeling and other methods. In summary, the proposed pharmacological platform provided a feasible way for revealing the mechanism of CTBH by using modern scientific methods.

Screening and identification of DPP-4 inhibitors from Xiaokean formula by a fluorescent probe / 中国中药杂志

Fluorescent bio-probes have attracted increasing attentions in studies for screening bioactive compounds from traditional Chinese medicines. In this study, a new-type fluorescent probe with the function of aggregation-induced emission (AIE) was used to screen dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitor from Xiaokean formula, which has been clinically used for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Potential DPP-4 inhibitors were screened by the fluorescent probe, with diprotin A as the positive control; totally 43 components were isolated from Xiaokean formula by systematic separation. The results showed that 13 components can exert inhibitory effects on DPP-4 activity; 16 compounds were further identified by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) from those active components. The inhibitory effects of 14 compounds were further verified, while five of them showed significant inhibition against DPP-4. Salvianolicacid C, ginsenoside Rg₅ and timosaponin AI inhibited DPP-4 activity at the concentration of 5-50 μmol•L⁻¹ in a dose-dependent manner. Thus, our study provided a successful example for screening bioactive compounds from traditional Chinese medicines by using a novelfluorescent probe.

Study on main pharmacodynamic effects for Schisandra lignans based upon network pharmacology / 中国中药杂志

In this study, we focused on the study of pharmacodynamic effects for 6 major bioactive lignans of Schisandra chinensis, namely deoxyschizandrin, schisandrin B, schisandrin C, schisandrin, schizandrol B and schisantherin A. A compound-gene-pathway network, which contained 124 related genes and 88 pathways, was constructed by collecting drug genes through mining relevant literatures and network pharmacology analysis. Based on the network analysis, 32 pathways and 80 related genes were associated with inflammation, which implied that anti-inflammatory might be the major pharmacodynamic effects of these compounds. All lignans except schizandrol B reduced LPS-induced NO production in RAW264.7 cells, which validated the anti-inflammatory hypothesis generated from network analysis. Furthermore, we investigated the effects of deoxyschizandrin, schisandrin C, schisandrin and schisantherin A on the secretion of inflammatory cytokines TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, PGE2 and protein expressions of iNOS, COX-2. As a result, deoxyschizandrin showed the strongest anti-inflammatory activity with inhibitory effect on all 4 inflammatory cytokines secretions and protein expressions of iNOS, COX-2. This study provided evidences for systematic exploration on the pharmacolgical actions and mechanisms of schisandra.

Strategies and key technologies for risk control and management in quality of Chinese medicine injections based on integrated pharmacology / 中国中药杂志

This paper focuses on the quality risk control and management of Chinese medicine (CM) injections. The most important technological requirements are analyzed, and a strategy for integrated pharmacology to study CM mechanism is proposed. A key technology system for quality risk control and management was further constructed. The strategy and technology system was finally applied to Shengmai injection for quality risk control and management.

Network pharmacology study of mechanism on xuesaitong injection against retinal vein occlusion / 中国中药杂志

Retinal vein occlusion (RVO) is a common clinical disease causing vision loss. Risk factors such as diabetes, atherosclerosis are closely associated with RVO. Xuesaitong injection is used extensively in clinical treatment of RVO, however the mechanism is still unclear. In this study, we investigated the protective effect of Xuesaitong injection on RVO rat model. Using a compound-target network of Xuesaitong on anti-RVO constructed by literature mining, we aim to elucidate the multi-compound, multi-target effect of Xuesaitong injection. Fifteen potential targets of Xuesaitong injection associated with inflammation, angiogenesis, apoptosis, and coagulation were identified in this study. VEGF, IL-1beta and IL-6, three important targets in the compound-target network were further experimentally validated. This study provided experimental evidence for Xuesaitong injection being effective in treating RVO and a network view on its anti-RVO mode of action through a multi-compound and multiple-target mechanism.

Study of screening nephroprotective bioactive substances based on triple-color fluorescence probes in Carthami flos / 中国中药杂志

In this study, an approach based on triple-color fluorescence probes was developed for screening potential nephro-protective bioactive substances. Three fluorescent probes (i. e. FDA, MTR and Hoechst 33342) were used to label HK-2 cells injured by doxorubicin hydrochloride, and cellular fluorescence images were subsequently acquired and analyzed by a cellular-fluorescence image microscopy platform. The established method was applied to screening 53 components of Carthami Flos, and three components C17, C18 and C19 were found to exhibit nephroprotective effects against doxorubicin hydrochloride induced injury on HK-2 cells. Eight compounds (i. e. hydroxysafflor yellow A, 6-hydroxykaempferol-3-O-rutinoside-6-O-glucoside, 6-hydroxykaempferol-3,6-di-O-gluco-side or 6-hydroxykaempferol-6, 7-di-O-glucoside, 6-hydroxykaempferol-3-O-rutinoside, 6-hydroxykaempferol-3-O-glucoside or 6-hydroxykaempferol-7-O-glucoside, rutin, isoquercetin, and kaempferol-3-O-rutinoside) in components C17, C18 and C19 were preliminarily identified by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS). Isoquercetin, rutin, kaempferol-3-O-rutinoside, and hydroxysafflor yellow A were confirmed by comparing with reference substances, Further study indicated that these four compounds had moderate nephroprotective effects, while isoquercetin showed a significant nephroprotective effect in a dose-dependent manner. These results suggest that isoquercetin, rutin, kaempferol-3-O-rutinoside and hydroxysafflor yellow A might be the nephroprotective bioactive substances in Carthami Flos.

Study on screening cardioprotective components from Zhishi Xiebai Guizhi Tang / 中国中药杂志

Zhishi Xiebai Guizhi Tang (ZSXBGZT), a famous traditional Chinese formula from Synopsis of Golden Chamber, composing of five herbal medicines, has been routinely used for the therapy of cardiovascular diseases in clinical. However, the active components of ZSXBGZT have not been investigated thoroughly. A reliable cell model was established by H2O2-induced injury in neonatal rat cardiomyocytes (NRCMs), with fluorescein diacetate (FDA) labelling the live cells, to screen cardioprotective substances. Seven components were found to have obvious cardioprotective effects through screening ZSXBGZT, Vc as the positive control. Eleven compounds were identified by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) from the active components C18, D14, D15, D16 and E09, and 6 of them were investigated further, which showed that hesperidin, neohesperidin and eriodictyol could protect NRCMs from H2O2-induced injury. In particular, eriodictyol showed significant cardioprotective effects in a dose-response relationship.

Development of a rapid screening method for discovering neuroprotective components from traditional Chinese medicine / 中国中药杂志

This study developed a method for rapid screening neuroprotective compounds with FDA (fluorescein diacetate) labeled SH-SYSY cells, which was injuried by Glu (L-glutamic acid). The cell viability was determined by fluorescence automatic mi-croscopy screening system. Then, neuroprotective components from Gegen Qinlian decoction were screened by the proposed method. The results demonstrated that 4 chemical components, C15, D06, D07 and E05 from Gegen Qinlian decoction, showed significantly neuroprotective effects. Furthermore, 8 compounds (i. e. daidzin, 3'-methoxydaidzin, liquiritin apioside, 6-C-L-alpha-arabinopyranosyl-8-C-beta-D-glucopyranosyl chrysin, isoliquiritin apioside, baicalin, oroxylin-A-7-O-fP-D-glucuronide and wogonoside) were identified from these active components by LC-Q/TOF-MS technology (liquid chromatography quadrupole time of flight tandem mass spectrometry). These 8 compounds may be the potential neuroprotective substances in Gegen Qinlian decoction.

An approach to screen nephrotoxic components in traditional Chinese medicine based on fluorescent probe and HK-2 cells and its application / 中国中药杂志

Using fluorescein diacetate labeled HK-2 cells, a fast method for screening nephrotoxic components in traditional Chinese medicines (TCMs) was proposed in this study. The methodology validation showed that the linearity, stability and accuracy of the proposed method were suitable for screening nephrotoxic components in vitro . This method was further applied on screen 352 components from 32 Chinese Pharmacopoeia-indexed toxic TCMs. The results indicated that 31 components from 14 toxic TCMs, including Badou, had significant toxicity on HK-2 cells, which suggested these components may cause nephrotoxicity. The components from the other 18 toxic TCMs had no significant toxicity on HK-2 cells.

Clinical applications of sternoclavicular hook plate for the treatment of sternoclavicular joint dislocation / 中国骨伤

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To observe the clinical therapeutic effects of sternoclavicular hook plate for the treatment of sternoclavicular joint dislocation.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>From June 2010 to June 2012, 7 patients with sternoclavicular joint dislocation were treated with sternoclavicular hook plate fixation. Among the 7 patients, 5 patients were male and 2 patients were female, and the average age was 42.3 years, ranging from 38 to 54 years. The course of the disease ranged from 1 to 4 weeks. All the patients had trauma history. The clinical manifestations included: obvious swelling and pain of sternoclavicular joint, restricted shoulder joint activity. The sternoclavicular joint dislocation was proved by preoperative X-ray and CT. The postoperative curative effect was evaluated according to Rockwood scoring method.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>According to Rockwood scoring method, the excellent results obtained in 6 cases, good in 1. There were no complications such as internal fixation loosening or broken, second dislocation, pain in the sternoclavicular joint, and deformity. The function of shoulder joint was good, and the limb activity was free and no pain appeared.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The sternoclavicular hook plate for the treatment of sternoclavicular joint dislocation has follow advantages: simple procedure, stable fixation, definite therapeutic effects.</p>

Study on rapid screening and identifying hepatotoxic compounds in toosendan fructus / 中国中药杂志

Fluorescein diacetate-labeled HepG2 cells model and flouresence automatic microscopy screening assay were used for fast screening 23 components from Toosendan Fructus, in which 5 components showed significant toxicity on HepG2 cells. The 10 compounds in the 2 components were tentatively identified with LC-MS(n), and 3 of them (meliasenin B, trichilinin D and 1-O-tigloy-1-O-debenzoylohchinal) were prepared and identified. Further experiments showed that the 3 compounds displayed dose-dependent toxicity on HepG2 cells, suggesting that these compounds in Toosendan Fructus may cause hepatotoxicity.

Screening and identifying hepatotoxic components in Aucklandiae Radix with GC-MS / 浙江大学学报·医学版

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To screen the potential hepatotoxic components in Chinese herb medicine Aucklandiae Radix.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The potential hepatotoxic components were screened using HepG2 cells labeled with fluorescein diacetate from 25 fractions of Aucklandiae Radix, in which the hepatotoxic compounds were further identified with GC-MS.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Ten potential hepatotoxic fractions were screened. The identification results by GC-MS indicated that the main compounds in C09 were dehydrocostuslactone, santamarine (or magnolialide) and reynosin, and in C11 were α-costol and elemol.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Dehydrocostuslactone, santamarine (or magnolialide), reynosin, α-costol and elemol are potential hepatotoxic compounds in Aucklandiae Radix.</p>

Development of fluorescence imaging-based system for screening compounds with antitumor activity / 浙江大学学报·医学版

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To develop a fluorescence imaging-based novel system for quick screening of antitumor compounds in vitro.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The antitumor activity of 26 components from Lindera aggregate were determined by relative number of viable cell labelled with fluorescein diacetate (FDA) in multiwell plates after exposure to these 26 different components. Then, the linearity and precision of this method were validated. The structures of active compounds in components with strong antitumor activity were deduced by LC/MS.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The linearity of this method for cells stained with FDA was validated (r² = 0.9858) in the range of 0-10⁴ cells per well, and the in-plate precision was 9.41 %. Two of 26 components from Lindera aggregate showed significant inhibition effect on proliferation of HepG2 cells (inhibition rate >90%).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>This proposed rapid and reliable approach can be used for screening compounds with antitumor activity from Traditional Chinese Medicine in vitro. The major active compound of Lindera aggregate was putatively identified as norboldine by LC/MS analysis.</p>

Development of fluorescence imaging based assay for screening compounds with anti-migration activity / 药学学报

In the present study, A fluorescent imaging-based high-throughput screening method was developed for identifying anti-migratory compounds with 96-well Transwell plates. The correlation, precision and stability of this method were examined and the incubation time of dye Hoechst 33342 in addition to migration time was optimized. In addition, The inhibitory activity of anti-cancer drug paclitaxel on tumor cell migration was assayed and an IC50 value of 0.717 micromol x L(-1) was obtained. Using this method, 24 components from Rhizoma Alismatis were screened and one component with anti-migration activity was found. These results show that the new proposed method with good precision, stability and linear range has the potential to assay the inhibitory activity of anticancer compounds.

Treatment of atlantoaxial instability with C1-C2 posterior transarticular screw fixation / 中国骨伤

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To evaluate the technique of C1-C2 transarticular screw fixation for atlantoaxial instability or dislocation.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Among 14 patients with atlantoaxial instability, 10 were male and 4 patients were female, with an average age of 38.6 years ranging from 17 to 62 years. All patients were treated by internal fixation with transarticular screws.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>There were 28 screws applied in 14 patients. All patients were followed up. The average follow-up period was 16 months (range, 9 to 35 months). The postoperative JOA score was ranging from 13.8 to 15.8 with the average score of (14.50 +/- 0.66) and the improved rate of (76.12 +/- 4.94)%. No spinal injury and vertical artery injury was found and osseous fusion was completed in all patients.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The technique of C1-C2 transarticular screw fixation is one of the best treatments for atlantoaxial instability. Without the help of structural bone graft and aided internal fixation, morselized cancellous bone graft can acquire effective osseous fusion.</p>