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This study aimed to investigate the analgesic effect of chlorogenic acid on cisplatin-induced neuropathic pain and explored the underlying molecular mechanisms. The animal experimental protocol has been reviewed and approved by Laboratory Animal Ethics Committee of Xinxiang Central Hospital, in compliance with the Institutional Animal Care Guidelines. Von Frey hair and a radiant heat was employed to measure mechanical allodynia and thermal hyperalgesia; Western blot was used to examine transient receptor potential vanilloid type-1 (TRPV1) protein expression in the rat dorsal root ganglion (DRG); patch clamp was used to record TRPV1 currents in DRG neurons. The experimental results showed that chlorogenic acid could attenuate cisplatin-induce mechanical allodynia and thermal hyperalgesia in rats. The expression of TRPV1 protein in DRGs was increased in cisplatin-treated rats, while chlorogenic acid also could reverse cisplatin-induced the upregulation of TRPV1 protein. Forthermore, chlorogenic acid could attenuate cisplatin-mediated the upregulation of TRPV1 current density. These above results indicated that chlorogenic acid could alleviate cisplatin-induced pain hypersensitivity through inhibition of the expression and function of TRPV1 in rats.
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AIM: To investigate the bacterial flora and antibiotic susceptibility testing of conjunctival sac in adolescents after wearing orthokeratology(OK)lens.METHODS:A total of 101 adolescents aged 8 to 14 who admitted to outpatient department of Xi'an No.1 Hospital from September 2021 to August 2022 were recruited in this cross-sectional observational study. There were 51 cases wearing OK Lens(wearing group)and 50 patients not wearing contact lens(non-lens group), the right eye of all patients was selected into the group. The culture of bacterial flora in conjunctival sac between the two groups were compared, the species were identified by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry, and the antibiotic susceptibility testing was carried out for the positive strains cultured in the wearing group.RESULTS:The positive rate of conjunctival sac bacterial cultured in the wearing group and the non-lens group was 68.6%(35/51)and 60.0%(30/50), respectively(P>0.05). In both groups, the bacteria with the highest detection rate were staphylococcus epidermidis and staphylococcus aureus. The sensitivity rates of the strains detected in the wearing group to drugs are as follows: Levofloxacin(98%), Moxifloxacin(98%), Gatifloxacin(98%), Cefuroxime(98%), Cefathiamidine(98%), Rifampicin(98%), Chloramphenicol(96%), Cefoxitin(95%), Clindamycin(80%), Gentamicin(74%), Fusidic acid(72%), Tobramycin(64%), Compound sulfamethoxazole(26%), Mezlocillin(10%), Azithromycin(6%), of which the sensitivity rate of Gram-positive cocci was 100% sensitive to Vancomycin.CONCLUSION:Gram-positive cocci are the main bacteria isolated from conjunctival sac of adolescents after wearing OK Lens. Wearing OK Lens will not significantly increase the positive rate of conjunctival sac bacterial flora. Results of antibiotic susceptibility testing may provide guidance for empirical medication in patients wearing OK lens after eye infection.
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AIM: To compare the progress of binocular myopia with orthokeratology lens in different degrees of unilateral myopia in anisometropic children for 1a.METHODS:Retrospective case-control study. The data of 60 unilateral myopic anisometropia children, 8-12-year-old patients who fitted with orthokeratology lens in Xi'an No.1 Hospital from June 2018 to June 2019 were collected. The binocular spherical equivalent(SE)difference ≥2.5D was found in 30 cases in the high anisometropia group, and 1.0D≤ binocular SE difference <2.5D was found in 30 cases of the low anisometropia group. The patients in the two groups were observed and compared after wearing lens for 6mo and 1a of the changes of binocular axial length(AL)and SE without-lens eyes.RESULTS: At the follow-up at 6mo and 1a, the growth of AL in the high anisometropia group with orthokeratology lens was less than that in the low anisometropia group(P<0.001). The amount of growth of AL without-lens eyes and the growth of SE were greater than that in the low anisometropia group(all P<0.001), and the shortening range of the binocular AL in the high anisometropia group was greater than that in the low-degree anisometropia group(P<0.05). The correlation analysis showed that the anisometropia and the shortening of axial difference were correlated(F=0.293, 0.458, all P<0.001).CONCLUSION: In anisometropia children with unilateral myopia, after wearing the orthokeratology lens, the progression in high anisometropia group was slower than low anisometropia after wearing the orthokeratology lens, but the progression of AL without-lens eyes and SE was faster than low anisometropia. Wearing orthokeratology lens can effectively reduce anisometropia, and the greater degree of the anisometropia the more binocular axial difference was narrowed, the more binocular axial difference was narrowed.
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@#AIM: To analyze the refraction status,ocular biological parameters and the relationship between them in 3-12 years old children.<p>METHODS: Totally 1 138(2 276 eyes)children aged 3-12 years old were enrolled in this study from January 2016 to October 2017. Equivalent spherical degree, axial length, corneal curvature and corneal thickness were measured. <p>RESULTS: The average spherical diopter of 1 138 children is -0.67±2.66D, the average corneal curvature is 43.37±1.72D, and the axial length is 23.65±1.41mm. The average corneal curvature of boys is 42.98±1.86D and that of girls is 43.81±1.42D. The axial length of boys is 23.94 ± 1.36 mm and that of girls is 23.32±1.40mm. The central corneal thickness of boys is 541.83±33.73μm and that of girls is 536.10±31.49μm. The corneal astigmatism of boys was 1.53±0.99D and that of girls is 1.65±1.02D. There is a significant difference between boys and girls. Axial length and central corneal thickness are lower in 3-6 age group than those in other age groups. Equivalent diopter and corneal astigmatism are higher than those in other age groups(<i>P</i><0.05). Axial length and central corneal thickness are in positive correction with age. Axial ratio is positively correlated with age and negatively correlated with spherical equivalent. <p>CONCLUSION: The axial length and corneal curvature are the main factors affecting the refraction status in children. With the growth axial length, the curvature of cornea also changes to some extent. AL/CR can predict this change.
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Objective To explore the influence of ABO blood type and other related factors on the prognosis in patients with ovarian cancer. Methods The clinical and pathological data and ABO blood types of 153 patients with ovarian cancer who were undergone radical surgery from December 2007 to July 2011 in Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital were retrospectively analyzed. Among them, there were 45 cases (29.4%) of blood type A, 43 cases (28.1%) of type B, 50 cases (32.7%) of type O, and 15 cases (9.8%) of type AB. The clinical characteristics of patients with different blood group types were analyzed, and the patients were followed up (the last follow-up time was June 2017). Kaplan-Meier method was used to draw the survival curve, and the Log-rank method was used to compare the differences between the total survival and disease-free survival rates in different blood groups. Cox regression analysis was performed to explore the prognostic factors in patients with ovarian cancer. Results (1) There were no statistically significant differences in the clinical features of different blood types, such as age, menstrual condition, recurrence, metastasis, clinical staging, CA-125 level, and adjuvant treatment (P>0.05). (2) The total survival rate and disease-free survival rate were significantly higher in patients of O and B blood types than those in patients of A and AB blood types (Log rank χ2=9.571 and 8.213 respectively, all P<0.05). Cox regression analysis showed that ABO blood group type was an influential factor in the prognosis of ovarian cancer patients, and patients with AB blood group showed a poorer prognosis (type B vs. type AB HR=0.339, 95%CI:0.138-0.830, type O vs. type AB HR=0.343, 95%CI:0.137-0.855). Conclusion ABO blood type is related to the survival of ovarian cancer patients, and which can be used to evaluate the prognosis in patients of ovarian cancer.
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BACKGROUND: Calcinated antler cancellous bone (CACB) was successfully prepared in the early stage, and was confirmed that it could significantly promote bone defect repair. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the early neovascularization of CACB in a bone defect model. METHODS: CACB was prepared by defatted and deproteinized process and combined with calcination after removal of the cortical bone. The surface morphology and phase composition of CACB granules were evaluated by using scanning electron microscope (SEM) and X-ray diffraction spectrum (XRD). Mouse osteoblasts MC3T3-E1 were cultured with CACB for 1 day to assess the cellular affinity by SEM. Models of critical bone defects were prepared on the bilateral mandibles of 16 New Zealand rabbits. CACB was implanted into the defects on the one side, and Bio-Oss?was implanted into the defects on the other side. Nothing was implanted into the defects as blank control. All the rabbit mandibles after 4 and 8 weeks post-surgery were subjected to tissue processing and sectioning. Hematoxylin-eosin, Masson’s trichrome staining and CD31 immunohistochemical method were performed separately on consecutive tissue sections to observe the vascularization and osteogenesis. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) SEM images showed that CACB exhibited a well-interconnected porous structure and was present as regularly prismatic crystals of hydroxyapatite. The XRD spectrograph revealed that the characteristic peaks of CACB corresponded to the peaks of calcinated human cancellous bone, indicating that the hydroxyapatite phase with good crystallinity is the same as that of human bone. (2) The cellular experiment findings showed that CACB could be conducive for attachment and spreading of MC3T3-E1 cells integrated with hydroxyapatite closely. (3) At 4 weeks post-implantation, hematoxylin-eosin staining results showed a lot of newly formed small blood vessels at the periphery of the scaffold of CACB and Bio-Oss?. Masson and CD31 immunohistochemical staining results showed the newly formed collagen fibers and blood vessels around the bone filling materials. Moreover, the ability of vascularization of CACB was more effective than that of Bio-Oss?. (4) At 8 weeks post-implantation, hematoxylin-eosin staining results showed there was a large number of newly formed bones in the bone defects and the remaining scaffold was surrounded by newly formed bones. To conclude, our findings reveal that CACB possesses good vascularization during the bone defect repair, which may have a potentially positive effect on promoting osteogenesis.
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Objective To provide evidence-based prevention of chronic disease and nutritional interventions by investigating the development of dyslipidemia and hyperuricemia in rural areas of Yunnan and analyzing the relationship between hyperuricemia and dyslipidemia. Methods The cross-sectional study recruited 513 residents over 18 years old in 2016. The morning fasting venous blood of all subjects were obtained to detect uric acid, serum total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG) and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) . Each food factor's blood lipid to the hyperuricemia was determined through multivariate logistic regression. Results The prevalence rates of hyperuricemia and dyslipidemia were 18.7% and 44.7% respectively. Females were more likely to have hyperuricemia than males (P<0.05) . Males were more likely to develop dyslipidemia than females (P>0.05) . The prevalence of hyperuricemia and dyslipidemia increased with age. Logistic regression analysis showed that the level of TG and LDL-C were risk factors and the level of HDL-C was protective factor of hyperuricemia. Conclusion Regularly testing the levels of uric acid and blood lipid, enhancing the knowledge of reasonable diet and developing healthy dietary habits have significant importance to prevent chronic diseases.
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Background Keratoconus is a bilateral,noninflammatory,gradually progressive corneal disorder characterized by progressive thinning and steepening of the central cornea.It is significant to investigate keratoconusrelated pathogenic gene for elaborating the pathogenesis and establishing early diagnosis standard and taking clinical measurement.Objective The aim of the study was to explore the relationship of visual system homeobox gene (VSX1) polymorphism and the risk of sporadic keratoconus.Methods This study was approved by Ethic Commission of First Hospital of Xi' an.Written informed consent was obtained from each subject prior to enrollment.A case-controlled study was conducted.One hundred and one Han nationality patients with sporadic keratoconus were included in this study.These keratoconus patients were clinically diagnosed by slit lamp examination and corneal tomography.Single nucleolide polymorphism (SNP) of VSX1 gene was assayed and classified using the MassARRAY SNP technique.Demography and relevant risk factors were collected from each subject by questionnaire.Eighty healthy volunteers served as controls.Chi-square test and Binary logistic regression were used to evaluate the difference in the distribution of allele frequency and genotype frequency and to analyze the association with keratoconus risks.Results SNP of two genes was found in the Chinese Han population (rs743018 (c.843+140 C>T) and rs6138482(R217H C>T)).There were no significant differences in the genotype frequency and allele frequency of the SNP of two genes in the keratoconus group in comparison with the normal control group (P>0.05).After adjustment by age and sex,SNP of two genes was not significantly associated with the risk of keratoconus (regression model:rs743018 (C>T) adjusted:P=0.35,OR=0.72,95% CI:0.37-1.43 ;rs6138482 (C>T) adjusted:P =0.48,OR=0.76,95% CI:0.35-1.64).Conclusions Gene polymorphisms of rs743018(c.843+140 C>T) and rs6138482(R217H C>T) in the Chinese Han population is not associated with the risk of keratoconus.Due to the racial difference in genotype and allele frequency,the role of the VSX1 gene in the pathogenesis of keratoconus still remains controversial,and further study needs to be developed.
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<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the effect of the "compound extract of Chinese medicine" on free radical metabolism and antioxidant enzyme systems of the rat brain.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>70 Wistar mice were randomly divided into two groups (n = 35): normal control group (N), taking medicine group (M). After a week of feeding, M group was taking medicine for 8 weeks. After 9 weeks, killed the two groups when they were at the rest state, the immediate ends of the fixed load, the immediate ends of exhaustive exercise and 12, 24 hour ends of exhaustive exercise, respectively. And the activity of malonaldehyde (MDA), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-PX), glutathione (GSH), superoxide dismutase (SOD), total anti oxidation capacity (T-AOC) of the rat brain were measured.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>At the five states, the content of MDA in M group was lower than that in N group in different degree, the activity of GSH-PX, GSH, SOD, T-AOC in M group were higher than those in N group in different degree.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The "Compound extract of Chinese medicine" can reduce the MDA level of the rat brain and improve the enzyme activity of GSH-PX, GSH, SOD, T-AOC.</p>
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Animals , Rats , Antioxidants , Pharmacology , Brain , Metabolism , Drugs, Chinese Herbal , Pharmacology , Free Radicals , Metabolism , Rats, Wistarالملخص
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the postoperative complications and its risk factors in patients underwent breast reconstruction with abdominal flaps.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The clinical data of 115 cases underwent breast reconstructions with abdominal flaps from May 2001 to October 2008 was reviewed. The postoperative complications included total flap necrosis, partial flap necrosis, fat necrosis, hernia, bulge, fat liquefaction and infection. The risk factors of complication rates were also evaluated.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The total postoperative complications rate was 17.4% (20/115). No severe complications was found, such as total flap necrosis, hernia and bulge. The most common complications of flap was fat necrosis which occurred in 6 cases (5.2%), partial flap necrosis in 5 cases (4.3%) and infection in 1 case (0.9%). The donor-site complications included fat liquefaction which occurred in 8 cases (7.0%) and infection in 3 cases (2.6%). No significant relation was found between patient's age, body mass index (BMI), timing of surgery and the postoperative complication rate. The postoperative complications occurred more frequently in active smokers, patients with radiotherapy history, or reconstructions with pedicled transverse rectus abdominis myocutaneous (TRAM) flaps. But no significant difference was found in those factors.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Fewer complications happens in patients with a reconstruction with deep inferior epigastric perforator (DIEP) flap. Abdominal flap should be performed with more consideration in active smokers or patients with a radiotherapy history. Age and obesity should not be contraindications to breast reconstruction with abdominal flaps.</p>
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Adult , Female , Humans , Middle Aged , Abdomen , General Surgery , Breast Neoplasms , General Surgery , Mammaplasty , Methods , Postoperative Complications , Retrospective Studies , Risk Factors , Surgical Flapsالملخص
<p><b>BACKGROUND</b>The feasibility of the mapping of quantitative cerebral blood flow (CBF) named flow-sensitive alternating inversion recovery exempting separate T1 measurement (FAIREST) is still controversial. This study aimed to evaluate the reliability of FAIREST in the measurement of regional CBF (rCBF) in healthy volunteers.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Eighteen healthy volunteers underwent magnetic resonance (MR) scanning with the sequence of FAIREST. While they were at rest, rCBF values were obtained in various brain regions of interest (ROIs). The same scheme was repeated on every subject after two weeks. Statistical analysis was made to determine the effect of location, scan and side on the measurement of rCBF.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The mean CBF values were (122+/-28) ml x (100 g)(-1) x min(-1) and (43+/-10) ml x (100 g)(-1) x min(-1) in the gray and white matter respectively. There was significant main effect of location (t=-12.5, P<0.01), but no significant effect of side. Paired t-test of ROIs in the same slice showed no significant difference in most sites between two scans, except in the gray matter of the bilateral frontal lobes (t=2.18-2.34, P <0.05). However, the rCBF values of the same structure obtained from different slices showed a significant difference (t=-3.49, P<0.01).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>FAIREST is a reliable technique in the measurement of rCBF, but different imaging slice may affect the agreement of rCBF across the scans.</p>
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Adolescent , Adult , Female , Humans , Male , Cerebrovascular Circulation , Magnetic Resonance Imagingالملخص
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the optimal time to perform breast reconstruction after mastectomy for breast cancer.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>From May, 2001 to March, 2004, 52 patients were performed immediate or delayed breast reconstruction after mastectomy. They were given questionnaires to assess for satisfaction, sexuality, anxiety, depression, body image and self-esteem.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>97% of the IR group patients were very or moderately satisfied while only 75% of the DR group were so (P = 0.026). Only 6% of the IR group compared with 30% of the DR group felt an obvious impairment of their sexual attractiveness (P = 0.043). Anxiety (P = 0.014) and depression (P = 0.006) were less in the IR group than the DR group. Body image (P = 0.012) and self-esteem (P = 0.003) were superior in the IR group.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>If tumor characters and patient health permit, immediate breast reconstruction should be performed after mastectomy for breast cancer.</p>
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Adult , Female , Humans , Middle Aged , Breast Neoplasms , Psychology , General Surgery , Mammaplasty , Methods , Psychologyالملخص
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To make technical standard of acupuncture manipulation for acupuncture treatment of heroin withdrawal syndrome.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Two hundred and twenty cases of heroin withdrawal syndrome were randomly divided into an acupuncture group of 111 cases and a control group of 109 cases. They were respectively treated with acupuncture and oral administration of lofexidine hydrochloride, and their therapeutic effects were observed.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The heroin dependence (acute stage) were effectively withdrawn in the two groups. The treatment group in change of total scores for withdrawal symptoms before and after treatment, the total scores for withdrawal symptoms at the 4th and 5th days, treatment of insomnia and the score for self-Hamilton Anxiety Scale and the score after at the 4th day was superior to the control group (P < 0.05, P < 0.01, P < 0.001).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Acupuncture has a satisfactory, rapid, safe and reliable clinical therapeutic effect.</p>
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Humans , Acupuncture Therapy , Anxiety , Heroin , Heroin Dependence , Substance Withdrawal Syndromeالملخص
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To develop a new and accurate method to quantify aflatoxins in medicinal herbs.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>This method consists of sample extraction by using MeOH-H2O (7:3), followed by clean-up with an immunoaffinity column, and finally HPLC determination with fluorescence detection. Aflatoxins B1 and G1 are determined as their bromine derivatives, produced in an on-line post-column derivatization system.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>The overall average recoveries for different medicinal herbs spiked at two levels of standards were from 90.4% to 99.7%. The detection limit was 0.06 microg x kg(-1) for aflatoxins G2 and B2, and 0.20 microg x kg(-1) for aflatoxins G1 and B1.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The use of immunoaffinity column provides excellent cleanup of interfering substances. The method has been applied successfully to analyze 96 natural drugs.</p>
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Aflatoxin B1 , Aflatoxins , Chromatography, Affinity , Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid , Methods , Codonopsis , Chemistry , Drugs, Chinese Herbal , Chemistry , Plants, Medicinal , Chemistry , Prunus , Chemistryالملخص
Aflatoxins are very harmful pollutants generally existing in peanuts, corns, farm products and so on. Many methods for the determination of aflatoxins have been developed in recent thirty years. The limits for aflatoxins have been set down for foods and farm products in different countries successively. In China, the methods for the determination of aflatoxins in foods cannot meet the need of new limit regulations. Aflatoxins were found in some traditional Chinese medicines according to some literatures. But the detective method and standard for the determination of aflatoxins is not established in active pharmacopoeia. The analytical methods for aflatoxins have been summarized in this paper, which can provide the references to the researchers who are engaged in the determination of aflatoxins in traditional Chinese medicines and foods. This paper mainly focuses on the liquid chromatography method with immunoaffinity column cleanup using post-column derivatization system for aflatoxins. Aflatoxins can be adsorbed in the immunoaffinity column peculiarly on the basis of this method, and then they can be eluted with organic solvent. It is the best way for cleanup using immunoaffinity column for the determination of aflatoxins in traditional Chinese medicines. This HPLC method with fluorescence detector using post-column derivatization system is a commonly used method in different countries, and it is more sensitive and accurate. Our studies have also proved that this method, that is: the liquid chromatography methods with immunoaffinity column cleanup using post-column derivatization system for aflatoxins, is the best method, which is suitable for the determination of aflatoxins in traditional Chinese medicines.
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Aflatoxins , Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid , Methods , Chromatography, Thin Layer , Drug Contamination , Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay , Fluorescence Polarization Immunoassay , Food Analysis , Methods , Food Contamination , Plants, Medicinal , Chemistryالملخص
<p><b>AIM</b>To compare the post-column derivatization technique (IAC-PCD-HPLC) for the determination of aflatoxins B1, B2, G1 and G2 and the rapid procedure with fluorometric analysis (SFB) for the determination of total aflatoxins.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The method of post-column derivatization with bromine by HPLC consisted of extraction of the sample with MeOH-H2O (70:30) followed by clean-up of the extracts with immunoaffinity columns and finally, HPLC determination with fluorescence detection. Aflatoxins B1 and G1 were determined as their bromine derivatives, produced in an on-line post-column derivatization system. In SFB method, samples were ground and extracted with methanol-water (70:30). A portion of the extract was cleaned up by passage through a immunoaffinity column, One mL of purified extract was derivatized with a bromine reagent, and fluorescence of the solution was immediately quantified with a calibrated fluorometer containing a broad wavelength pulsed xenon light source.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>In IAC-HPLC method, the overall average recoveries for three different medicinal herbs spiked at levels of 1.3 and 2.6 ng x g(-1) of total aflatoxins ranged from 93% to 97%. The detection limit was 0. 06 microg x kg(-1) for both G2 and B2 and 0.20 microg x kg(-1) for both G1 and B1, based on a signal/noise 3:1 and the precision (within-laboratory relative standard deviation) ranged from 0.8% to 1.4%. Each of aflatoxins B1, B2, G1 and G2 in 39 kind medicinal materials were determined by IAC-PCD-HPLC, and the total aflatoxins were determined by SFB.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The SFB method is not the suitable method for the determination of total aflatoxins in medicinal herbs and plant extracts.</p>
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Aflatoxin B1 , Aflatoxins , Bromine , Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid , Methods , Codonopsis , Chemistry , Drugs, Chinese Herbal , Chemistry , Plants, Medicinal , Chemistry , Prunus , Chemistry , Spectrometry, Fluorescence , Methodsالملخص
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To realize the relationships of the plants of genus C. chinensis in our country and confirm the feasible quality of the application of Hierarchical cluster in the classification of genus C. chinensis.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>The chemical information of 20 samples of 10 kinds of plants was obtained with high-performance liquid chromatographic method and classification based on their chemical information was made through Hierarchical cluster. Flavonoids and saponins were the main components of the C. chinensis plants. We did the high-performance liquid chromatography from the flavonoids and saponins side respectively.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>Expected results were achieved in the Hierarchical clusters of the chromatographic data of the plants of genus C. chinensis which supplied the foundation for studying crude drugs categorys and those close of C. chinensis.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The cluster and identification results show the method is acceptable, simple, rapid, inexpensive and repeatable.</p>
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Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid , Methods , Cluster Analysis , Flavonoids , Lamiaceae , Chemistry , Classification , Phylogeny , Plants, Medicinal , Chemistry , Classification , Saponinsالملخص
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the efficacy and complications of the method for reduction mammaplasty in patients with breast benign diseases.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>From November 1980 to December 2001, reduction mammaplasty was performed in 27 patients with breast hypertrophy, ptosis and benign diseases. The operation methods were selected according to the characters of the diseases and the extent of breast hypertrophy and ptosis. 9 patients received reduction mammaplasty using an inferior pyramidal pedicle technique; 16 patients received Mckissock vertical bipedicle technique and 2 patients received the bicyclic incision technique.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The successful rate was 94.2%. Three breasts developed areola necrosis in Mckissock. Symptoms caused by breast hypertrophy and benign diseases were improved apparently.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Reduction mammaplasty is the best option for the treatment of breast hypertrophy and ptosis with benign diseases. The method of reduction mammaplasty should be taken individually.</p>