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Objective:To evaluate the gastric emptying in the patients with cholelithiasis and in the patients following cholecystectomy by ultrasonography.Methods:Thirty patients with cholelithiasis, 30 post-cholecystectomy patients and 30 healthy volunteers, of either sex, aged 18-64 yr, with body mass index of 18-30 kg/m 2, of American Society of Anesthesiologists Physical Status classification Ⅰor Ⅱ, were selected and divided into cholelithiasis group (group CH), post-cholecystectomy group (group PC) and healthy volunteer group (group HV). The indigestion scores of the enrolled subjects in the past 3 months were assessed; the subjects took a semi-solid test meal (300 kcal) in the fasting state, and the cross-sectional area (CSA) of the gastric sinus was measured using ultrasound at fasting (T 0) and 5, 15, 30, 45, 60, 90 and 120 min after the test meal was taken (T 1-7). The gastric emptying fraction at T 5, 6 was calculated. The gastric half-emptying time and remaining area of the gastric sinus at T 7 were also calculated. Results:Compared with group HV, dyspepsia scores were significantly increased within the past 3 months ( P<0.05), the CSA of the gastric sinus was increased at T 3-7, the gastric emptying fraction was decreased at T 5-6, the gastric half-emptying time was prolonged, and the remaining area of the gastric sinus was increased at T 7 in group CH and group PC ( P<0.05). Compared with group CH, the CSA of the gastric sinus was significantly increased at T 4-7, the gastric emptying fraction was decreased at T 5, 6, the gastric half-emptying time was prolonged, and the remaining area of the gastric sinus was increased at T 7 in group PC ( P<0.05). Conclusions:Gastric emptying time is longer in the patients with cholelithiasis and in the patients following cholecystectomy than in healthy subjects and is further prolonged after cholecystectomy in the patients.
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Objective:To evaluate the effects of controlled low central venous pressure (CLCVP) on the cerebral blood flow in the patients undergoing open hepatectomy.Methods:Thirty American Society of Anesthesiologists Physical Status classification Ⅱ or Ⅲ patients of either sex, aged 18-60 yr, with body mass index of 18-30 kg/m 2, with Child-Pugh classification A and expected operation time of 2-4 h, undergoing elective open hepatectomy, were enrolled.After anesthesia induction, patients were placed at head-up tilt position, nitroglycerin 0.5-1.5 μg·kg -1·min -1 was infused, and furosamide 5-10 mg was intravenously injected when necessary to maintain CVP less than 5 cmH 2O during hepatectomy.After the end of hepatectomy, CLCVP was stopped, the infusion rate was increased to 10 ml·kg -1·h -1 with a crystalline gel ratio of 1∶2 to restore CVP to more than 5 cmH 2O.At 5 min after anesthesia induction (T 0), 5 min after head-up tilt (T 1), 5 and 15 min after CVP reaching the target (T 2, 3) and 5 min after the end of CLCVP (T 4), the blood flow of internal carotid artery was detected by ultrasound, and peak systolic velocity(IBVs), end diastolic velocity (IBVd)and vessel diameter of the internal carotid artery (ID)were measured by doppler ultrasound.Mean velocity [IBVm=(IBVs+ IBVd×2)÷3] and internal carotid artery blood flow [IBF=IBVm×π×(ID/2) 2×HR] were calculated.Heart rate (HR), mean arterial blood pressure (MAP), cardiac output (CO), stroke volume (SV), end-tidal pressure of carbon dioxide (P ETCO 2) and maximum airway pressure (P max) were recorded at each time point. Results:Compared with the baseline at T 0, MAP, CO, SV, IBVm and IBF were significantly decreased at T 2, 3 ( P<0.001), and no significant change was found in HR, P ETCO 2 and P max at T 1-4 ( P>0.05). The results of linear mixed-effects model analysis showed that the regression coefficients for CO, MAP, HR, and SV were 0.600 3, 0.022 88, 0.363 7, and 0.614 8, respectively ( P<0.05 or 0.01). Conclusions:CLCVP can decrease the cerebral blood flow in the patients, which is closely associated with decreased CO, MAP, HR and SV when used for open hepatectomy.
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Objective:To evaluate the effect of open-lung strategy (OLS) on cardiopulmonary function in frail elderly patients undergoing laparoscopic surgery.Methods:Eighty-four frail elderly patients aged 65-80 yr, with body mass index of 18.5-30.0 kg/m 2, of American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status Ⅱor Ⅲ, with preoperative Fried frailty phenotype scale score ≥3, undergoing elective laparoscopic radical rectal cancer or radical prostate cancer surgery under general anesthesia, were divided into 2 groups ( n=42 each) by the random number table method: OLS group and non-OLS group (NOLS group). The patients underwent recruitment maneuvers and individualized positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) in OLS group, while patients received fixed PEEP (5 cmH 2O) in NOLS group.At 10 min after endotracheal intubation (T 0, baseline value), immediately after the peak of recruitment maneuvers (T 1), 30 min (T 2) and 1 h (T 3) after individualized PEEP setting and 10 min before the end of surgery (T 4), cardiac function indexes were measured by transoesophageal echocardiography, optic nerve sheath diameter was measured, and the arterial blood gas analysis indexes and pulmonary function indexes were recorded.The levels of serum cardiac troponin T, creatine kinase-MB and precursor of type B natriuretic peptide were determined by chemiluminescence before surgery and at 1 and 2 days after surgery.The postoperative pulmonary complications within 7 days after surgery and postoperative outcomes were also recorded. Results:Eighty-one patients were finally enrolled, with 41 in NOLS group and 40 in OLS group.Compared with NOLS group, the left ventricular end diastolic area, left ventricular ejection fraction, stroke volume, ratio of early mitral flow velocity to early mitral annulus velocity, mitral annular plane systolic excursion, left ventricular global longitudinal strain, right ventricular end diastolic area, right ventricular fractional area change, tricuspid annular plane systolic excusion and right ventricular global longitudinal strain were significantly decreased at T 1, 2 ( P<0.05), and no significant change was found in the indices mentioned above at the remaining time points ( P>0.05), PaO 2, oxygenation index, and lung compliance were increased at T 1-4, PaCO 2 and alveolar arterial partial pressure difference of oxygen were decreased, the total incidence of pulmonary complications was reduced within 7 days after operation, and the duration of postanesthesia care unit stay, time to first out-of-bed activity and postoperative length of hospital stay were shortened ( P<0.05), and no significant change was found in optic nerve sheath diameter and concentrations of serum cardiac troponin T, creatine kinase-MB, and precursor of type B natriuretic peptide at each time point in OLS group ( P>0.05). Conclusions:OLS can improve lung function in frail elderly patients, which is helpful for patient prognosis without causing negative cardiac effects, and can be safely used for intraoperative airway management in frail elderly patients without obvious cardiac dysfunction.
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@#Objective To study the effects of integrated orthopedic rehabilitation pathway on motor function in six months after total knee arthroplasty (TKA), including pain, stiffness, range of motion and muscle strength, etc. Methods From March, 2016 to March, 2019, 180 patients who underwent TKA and treated with integrated orthopedic rehabilitation pathway were enrolled. Age, gender, operation time, time of follow-up, the scores of Hospital for Special Surgery-Knee Scale (HSS-KS) and Western Ontario and McMaster Universities osteoarthritis index (WOMAC) at preoperative/postoperative/one-month after operation/three-month after operation/six-month after operation time points were collected. The sub items, such as muscle strength, range of motion, flexion deformity, pain, stiffness, functional difficulty were primarily focused on. Results A total of 42 patients were followed up for three months and 22 patients were followed up for six months. There was no significant difference in the scores of HSS-KS and WOMAC before and after operation (P > 0.05). Within three months after operation, the HSS-KS scores gradually increased (P < 0.05) and the WOMAC scores gradually decreased (P < 0.05). The active knee flexion range of motion and knee extensor muscle strength scores of HSS-KS significantly decreased after operation (P < 0.05), and gradually recovered one month and three months after operation (P < 0.05). The flexion deformity scores of HSS-KS increased after operation (P < 0.05), decreased one month after operation (P < 0.05), and got a trend of incensement again three months after operation. The pain score of WOMAC decreased continuously within three months after operation (P < 0.05); the stiffness score of WOMAC did not change after operation (P > 0.05), decreased significantly one month after operation (P < 0.05), and did not change three months after operation (P > 0.05). The degree of functional difficulty of WOMAC decreased after operation (P < 0.05), and improved continuously within six months after operation (P < 0.05). Conclusion The overall function after TKA shows a trend of improvement within three months, and there is no obvious improvement from three to six months after operation. The flexion deformity score showed a downward trend in one month after operation, and it could be improved again after strengthening rehabilitation, which needs more attention in the postoperative rehabilitation.
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Objective:To evaluate the effect of preoperative oral carbohydrate on gastric emptying in the patients undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy.Methods:One hundred patients of both sexes, aged 18-64 yr, with body mass index of 18-30 kg/m 2, of American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status Ⅰ or Ⅱ, were divided into 2 groups ( n=50 each) using the random number table method: control group (group C) and preoperative oral carbohydrate group (group P). Patients underwent solid food fasting after 20: 00 on the night before surgery in both groups and drinking fasting after 21: 30 on the night before surgery in group C. Group P received 800 ml of 12.5% oral carbohydrate at 21: 30 on the night before surgery and 400 ml of oral similar carbohydrate from 5: 00 to 5: 30 in the morning before surgery.All the patients underwent ultrasound examination of the gastric sinus at 7: 30 on the operation day (2 h after oral carbohydrate, T 1) to determine the nature of gastric contents according to the qualitative analysis of images, and Perlas grade was performed, and the cross-sectional area (CSA) of the gastric sinus in a semi-sitting position and right lateral decubitus position was calculated, and gastric volume (GV) and gastric volume to weight ratio (GV/W) were calculated.For solids in the stomach or GV > 1.5 ml/kg was defined as a full stomach.Patients assessed as a full stomach at T 1 underwent antrum ultrasonography again before induction of anesthesia (at 3 h after oral carbohydrate, T 2). The occurrence of satiety at T 1 and T 2 in each group was recorded.The patient′s hunger score, thirst score, and satisfaction score during fasting were recorded at T 2.The reflux aspiration, occurrence of nausea and vomiting at 24 h after operation, postoperative time to first flatus and postoperative total length of hospital stay were recorded. Results:Compared with group C, the CSA in a semi-sitting position, CSA, GV and GV/W ratio in a right lateral decubitus position, incidence of satiety, and Perlas grade were significantly increased at T 1 ( P<0.05), no significant change was found in the incidence of satiety at T 2 ( P>0.05), preoperative hunger and thirst scores were significantly decreased, satisfaction scores were increased, the incidence of nausea and vomiting was decreased at 24 h after surgery, and the postoperative time to first flatus was shortened ( P<0.05), and no significant change in the postoperative total length of hospital stay was found in group P ( P>0.05). Conclusions:Oral carbohydrates before laparoscopic cholecystectomy may result in delayed gastric emptying in the patients with cholelithiasis, and the time window for oral carbohydrates can be appropriately shifted forward (3 h before surgery).
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Objective:To systematically review and evaluate the safety and efficacy of high-flow nasal oxygen (HFNO) for pre-oxygenation before anesthesia induction.Methods:Pubmed, Cochrane Library, Embase, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Wanfang Database, China Science and Technology Journal Database and China Biomedical Literature Database were searched from inception to March 2022.All randomized controlled trials comparing HFNO and facemask ventilation for pre-oxygenation before anesthesia induction were collected.Two researchers independently assessed the quality of trials and extracted data.The primary outcome was the safe apnea time, the secondary outcomes were the lowest SpO 2 during intubation, oxygenation-related complications, patient comfort, PaO 2 and PaCO 2 before and after pre-oxygenation and after intubation.Meta-analysis was performed using RevMan 5.4 software. Results:Seventeen randomized controlled trials involving 843 patients were included in this meta-analysis.The results of meta-analysis showed that the safe apnea time was significantly longer ( MD=67.61, 95% CI 5.94-129.28, P=0.03), the lowest SpO 2 was higher during tracheal intubation ( MD=3.27, 95% CI 2.25-4.29, P<0.01), and PaO 2 was higher after pre-oxygenation ( MD=54.39, 95% CI 9.32-99.46, P=0.02) in the patients using HFNO than those using facemask ventilation.There were no statistically significant differences in the other outcomes ( P>0.05). Conclusions:HFNO for pre-oxygenation before anesthesia induction can significantly prolong the safe apnea time, increase the lowest SpO 2 during tracheal intubation, and improve the levels of PaO 2 after pre-oxygenation, and HFNO does not affect the patient′s comfort or increase the development of preoxygenation-related complications when compared with facemask ventilation.
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Objective:To evaluate the effect of inhalation of sevoflurane during cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) on early postoperative brain injury in the patients undergoing cardiac valve replacement.Methods:Forty-two American Society of Anesthesiaologists physical status Ⅱ or Ⅲ patients of either sex, aged 40-70 yr, weighing 47-86 kg, scheduled for elective single valve replacement under CPB, were divided into 3 groups ( n=14 each) using a random number table method: control group (group C), combined intravenous-inhalational anesthesia group (group CA) and sevoflurane group (group S). During CPB, propofol 4-6 mg·kg -1·h -1 was intravenously infused in group C, propofol 2-3 mg·kg -1·h -1 was intravenously infused, and 0.5 MAC sevoflurane was inhaled via the membrane oxygenator in group CA, and 1.0-1.5 MAC sevoflurane was inhaled via the membrane oxygenator in group S. The anesthesia and sedation index values were maintained at 40-60 during operation in the three groups.Blood samples were taken from arteries before anesthesia induction (T 1), at 30 min and 6 and 24 h after termination of CPB (T 2-4) for determination of plasma concentrations of neuron-specific enolase (NSE) and Tau protein. Results:Compared with group C, the plasma concentration of NSE was significantly decreased at T 2, 3, and plasma concentration of Tau protein was decreased at T 2-4 in group S, and the plasma concentration of Tau protein was decreased at T 2 in group CA ( P<0.05). Compared with group CA, the plasma concentration of NSE was significantly decreased at T 2, 3, and the plasma concentration of Tau protein was decreased at T 2-4 in group S ( P<0.05). Conclusions:Inhalation of sevoflurane during CPB can reduce early postoperative brain injury to a certain extent in the patients undergoing cardiac valve replacement.
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Objective:To evaluate the effect of general anesthesia combined with epidural block on postoperative sleep in the frail elderly patients undergoing gastrointestinal tumor surgery.Methods:Ninety frail patients of either sex, aged 65-80 yr, with body mass index of 18-30 kg/m 2, of American Society of Anesthesiology physical status Ⅱ-Ⅲ, scheduled for elective open gastrointestinal tumor surgery (FRAIL score >2), were divided into 2 groups ( n=45 each) using a random number table method: general anesthesia group (GA group) and general anesthesia combined with epidural block group (GE group). Combined intravenous-inhalational anesthesia was carried out in group GA.Epidural block was performed before induction of anesthesia, and the method of general anesthesia was the same as that described in group GA, and the consumption of propofol and remifentanil was adjusted according to the BIS value, sweat and tears, heart rate and blood pressure during operation in group GE.Postoperative intravenous analgesia was performed to maintain VAS score ≤3.Wearable devices were used to monitor sleep parameters at 1 day before surgery and 1, 3 and 7 days after surgery.Sleep quality was assessed using Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index and Quality of Recovery-15 questionnaire at 1 day before surgery and 1, 3, 7 and 30 days after surgery.The intraoperative consumption of propofol, sufentanil and remifentanil were recorded.The requirement for postoperative rescue analgesia and total pressing times of patient-controlled analgesia (PCA) within 48 h after surgery were recorded.Serum C-reactive protein concentrations were determined by immunoturbidimetry at 1 day before surgery and 1 day after surgery, and the adverse reactions at 7 days after surgery were recorded. Results:Compared with group GA, the consumption of remifentanil was significantly reduced, the total sleep score, deep sleep ratio, rapid eye movement ratio and Quality of Recovery-15 score were increased, the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index was decreased, and the incidence of postoperative nausea and vomiting was decreased on 1st and 3rd days after operation ( P<0.05), and no significant change was found in the serum C-reactive protein concentration and postoperative requirement for rescue analgesia, and total pressing times of PCA in group GE ( P>0.05). Conclusions:General anesthesia combined with epidural block can improve short-term sleep quality and recovery quality after gastrointestinal tumor surgery in elderly frail patients.
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Objective:To evaluate the effect of general anesthesia under the guidance of bispectral index (BIS) on postoperative fatigue syndrome (POFS) in elderly patients undergoing laparoscopic resection of gastrointestinal tumor.Methods:A total of 90 patients of both sexes, aged 65-80 yr, with body mass index of 18-25 kg/m 2, of American Society of Anesthesiology physical status Ⅰ-Ⅲ, undergoing elective laparoscopic resection of gastrointestinal tumor, were divided into 3 groups ( n=30 each) using a random number table method: control group (C group), BIS value 40-49 group (B1 group), and BIS value 50-60 group (B2 group). Combined intravenous-inhalational anesthesia was used.The intraoperative BIS value was maintained at 40-49 in group B1, the intraoperative BIS value was maintained at 50-60 in group B2, and the fluctuation range of heart rate and mean arterial pressure was maintained within 20% of the baseline value during operation, and vasoactive drugs were given when necessary in group C. Patient-controlled intravenous analgesia was performed with sufentanil plus dezocine plus palonosetron after surgery, when the VAS score > 3 points, oxycodone/acetaminophen tablets 5 mg were administered orally or flurbiprofen axetil 50 mg was intravenously injected for rescue analgesia.The Christensen′s Fatigue Scale (CFS) scores were recorded at 1 day before operation and 1, 3, 7 and 30 days after operation, and the development of POFS (CFS score ≥ 6) was recorded.The intraoperative consumption of propofol, remifentanil and sufentanil was recorded.The serum C-reactive protein concentration was determined by immunoturbidimetry at 1 day before operation and 1 day after operation.The requirement for rescue analgesia within 48 h after operation was recorded.The time to the first flatus, the first ambulation time, length of hospital stay, and occurrence of fever, vomiting and delirium within 3 days after operation were recorded.The Quality of Recovery-15 (QoR-15) scores were measured at 1, 3 and 7 days after operation. Results:Compared with group C, CFS scores were significantly decreased at 1, 3 and 7 days after surgery, the incidence of POFS was decreased at 7 days after surgery, QoR-15 scores were increased at each time point after operation, the length of hospital stay was shortened, and the intraoperative consumption of propofol was reduced in B1 and B2 groups ( P<0.05). Compared with group B1, the intraoperative consumption of propofol was significantly reduced, QoR-15 scores were increased at each time point after operation ( P<0.05), and no significant change was found in CFS scores, incidence of POFS at each time point after operation, or length of hospital stay in group B2 ( P>0.05). There were no significant differences in serum C-reactive protein concentration, postoperative requirement for rescue analgesia, time to first flatus, first ambulation time, and incidence of fever, vomiting and delirium at each time point among the three groups ( P>0.05). Conclusions:General anesthesia under BIS guidance can reduce POFS and promote early postoperative recovery in elderly patients undergoing laparoscopic resection of gastrointestinal tumor.
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Objective:To investigate the effect of individualized positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) on postoperative lung complications in patients undergoing cardiac valve replacement.Methods:Sixty-four patients of both sexes, aged 40-70 yr, with body mass index of 18-26 kg/m 2, of American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status Ⅱ or Ⅲ, with New York Heart Association class Ⅱ or Ⅲ, undergoing elective cardiac valve replacement (single or double) from July to October 2020, were enrolled in this study.The patients were divided into 2 groups ( n=32 each) using a random number table method: control group (group C) and individualized PEEP group (group P). After recruitment maneuver, group C was set with a fixed PEEP of 4 cmH 2O, group P was titrated using a PEEP-step method, and PEEP was set at 4 cmH 2O after admission to intensive care unit (ICU). Before induction of anesthesia (T 0), before recruitment maneuver (T 1), at 20 min after PEEP ventilation (T 2), at 2 h after surgery (T 3), and at 24 h after surgery (T 4), arterial blood samples were taken for determination of serum interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) concentrations.The hemodynamic indicators (heart rate, mean arterial pressure and central venous pressure) at T 1-T 4 were recorded.Pulmonary complications were diagnosed according to clinical manifestations, imaging and blood gas analysis during the postoperative hospitalization.The postoperative length of hospital stay, extubation time and duration of ICU stay were recorded. Results:PEEP in group P [(6.1±1.4)cmH 2O] was significantly higher than that in group C ( P<0.05). Compared with group C, the concentrations of serum IL-6 and TNF-α at T 3 were significantly decreased, central venous pressure at T 2 was increased, and the incidence of postoperative pulmonary complications was decreased ( P<0.05), and no significant change was found in the length of hospital stay, extubation time and duration of ICU stay in group P ( P>0.05). Conclusion:Early application of individualized PEEP after termination of cardiopulmonary bypass can decrease the risk of postoperative pulmonary complications in patients undergoing cardiac valve replacement.
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Objective:To compare the effects of different fractions of inspired O 2 (FiO 2) during general anesthesia induction on perioperative pulmonary function in patients undergoing gynecological laparoscopic surgery. Methods:A total of 100 patients, aged 30-64 yr, with body mass index<30 kg/m 2, of American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status Ⅰ or Ⅱ, scheduled for elective total laparoscopic hysterectomy, were divided into 4 groups ( n=25 each) using a random number table method: group A, group B, group C and group D. In A, B, C and D groups, FiO 2 was 40%, 60%, 80% and 100%, respectively.Immediately after the establishment of electrocardiogram monitoring after entering the operation room (T 0), immediately after tracheal intubation (T 1), immediately after creation of pneumoperitoneum (T 2), at 30 min of pneumoperitoneum (T 3), immediately before tracheal intubation (T 4) and at 15 min after tracheal intubation (T 5), ventral (ROIⅠ), middle ventral (ROIⅡ), middle dorsal (ROIⅢ) and dorsal (ROI Ⅳ) lung ventilation were recorded using electrical impedance tomography.The impedance ratio (IR) was calculated and the safety time without ventilation was recorded.Blood samples were collected from the radial artery at T 0-2 and T 5 for blood gas analysis, arterial oxygen partial pressure (PaO 2) and arterial carbon dioxide partial pressure (PaCO 2) were recorded, and oxygenation index (OI) was calculated.The occurrence of pulmonary complications within 3 days after operation was recorded. Results:Compared with group D, the ventilation in ROIⅠ and ROIⅡwas significantly increased, the ventilation in ROIⅢ and ROIⅣ was decreased, and IR was increased at T 1 and T 2 in A, B and C groups, PaO 2 and OI were decreased at T 1, and the safety time without ventilation was prolonged in A and B groups, and PaO 2 was decreased, OI was increased at T 1 ( P<0.05), and no significant was change in the safety time without ventilation in group C ( P>0.05). There was no significant difference in the incidence of pneumoperitoneum among the 4 groups ( P>0.05). Conclusion:During general anesthesia induction, 80% FiO 2 has the least effect on lung function in the patients undergoing gynecological laparoscopic surgery.
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Objective:To evaluate the effect of general anesthesia guided by bispectral index (BIS) on postoperative sleep quality in elderly patients undergoing laparoscopic gastrointestinal tumor surgery.Methods:A total of 90 patients, aged 65-80 yr, with body mass index of 18-25 kg/m 2, of American Society of Anesthesiology physical status Ⅰ-Ⅲ, without preoperative sleep disorders, undergoing elective laparoscopic gastrointestinal tumor surgery, were divided into 3 groups ( n=30 each) using a random number table method: control group (group C) and different BIS value groups (group B1 and group B2). Combined intravenous-inhalational anesthesia was used.The BIS value in group B1 was maintained at 40-49, and the BIS value in group B2 was maintained at 50-60.The fluctuation range of heart rate and blood pressure was not more than 20% of the baseline, and vasoactive agents were administered when necessary in group C. Patient-controlled intravenous analgesia was performed with sufentanil, dezocine and palonosetron after surgery.When visual analog scale score>3, acetaminophen oxycodone tablets 5 mg was taken orally or flurbiprofen 50 mg was intravenously injected as rescue analgesic.At 1 day before surgery and 1, 3, 7 and 30 days after surgery, sleep quality was evaluated using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), postoperative sleep disorders were defined as PSQI scone≥6, and the development of postoperative sleep disorders was recorded.During the nighttime at 1 day before surgery and during the nighttime at 1, 2 and 3 days after surgery, sleep was monitored using body motion monitor (Honor Band 5). The intraoperative consumption of propofol and remifentanil and requirement for rescue analgesia at 48 h after surgery were recorded.The Quality of Recovery-15 (QoR-15) scores were measured at 1, 3 and 7 days after surgery.At 1 day before surgery and at 1 day after surgery, serum C-reactive protein concentrations were determined by immunoturbidimetry. Results:Compared with group C, PSQI scores were significantly decreased at 1 and 3 days after surgery, the incidence of sleep disorders was decreased at 3 days after surgery, sleep time, sleep score and proportion of rapid eye movement sleep time during the nighttime at 1 and 2 days after surgery were increased, intraoperative consumption of propofol was decreased, QoR-15 score at each time point after surgery was increased, and postoperative length of hospital stay was prolonged in group B2 and group B2 ( P<0.05). Compared with group B1, PSQI scores were significantly decreased at 1 and 3 days after surgery, sleep time, sleep score and proportion of rapid eye movement sleep time during the nighttime at 1 and 2 days after surgery were increased, intraoperative consumption of propofol was decreased, QoR-15 score at each time point after surgery was increased ( P<0.05), and no significant change was found in the incidence of sleep disorders at each time point in group B2 ( P>0.05). There was no significant difference in CPR concentrations and the number of rescue analgesia after surgery at each time point among the 3 groups ( P>0.05). Conclusion:General anesthesia guided by BIS can improve postoperative sleep quality in elderly patients undergoing laparoscopic gastrointestinal tumor surgery, and BIS value maintained at 50-60 provides better effect on postoperative sleep quality and is more helpful for postoperative recovery.
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Objective:To evaluate the effect of dexmedetomidine on the activity of nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-like receptor containing pyrin domain (NLRP3) inflammasome in ventilator-induced lung injury (VILI) in mice.Methods:Eighty-four male SPF C57BL/6J mice, weighing 25-30 g, aged 2-3 months, were divided into 3 groups ( n=28 each) using a random number table method: control group (C group), VILI group and dexmedetomidine group (D group). The mice were tracheostomized and spontaneous breathing was maintained in group C, while the other mice were tracheostomized and mechanically ventilated for 4 h in VILI and D groups.Dexmedetomidine was infused in a loading dose of 1.0μg/kg for 20 min before intubation followed by continuous infusion of 1.0 μg·kg -1·h -1 for 4 h in group D. Blood samples were taken from the femoral artery for blood gas analysis before intubation and at 1, 2 and 4 h of mechanical ventilation (T 1-4), and PaO 2 was recorded for detection of PaO 2.Eight mice were selected at T 4 and sacrificed, and the broncho-alveolar lavage fluid (BALF) was collected for determination of the concentration of total protein, interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and interleukin-18 (IL-18). The lung tissues were removed for microscopic examination of pathologic changes which were scored and for determination of the wet to dry weight (W/D) ratio, expression of IL-1β and IL-18 mRNA (by real-time polymerase chain reaction), and expression of NLRP3, apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing CARD (ASC), and caspase-1 (by Western blot). The other 20 mice in each group were observed for the 24-h survival rate. Results:Compared with group C, PaO 2 at T 3 and T 4 and 24-h survival rate were significantly decreased, and the lung injury score, W/D ratio, and concentrations of total protein, IL-1β, and IL-18 in BALF were increased, and the expression of NLRP3, ASC, caspase-1, IL-1β mRNA and IL-18 mRNA was up-regulated in VILI and D groups ( P<0.05). Compared with group VILI, the 24-h survival rate was significantly increased, the lung injury score, W/D ratio, and concentrations of total protein, IL-1β, and IL-18 in BALF were decreased, and the expression of NLRP3, ASC, caspase-1, IL-1β mRNA and IL-18 mRNA was down-regulated in group D ( P<0.05). Conclusion:The mechanism by which dexmedetomidine attenuates VILI may be related to inhibiting NLRP3 inflammasome activity in mice.
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Objective To compare the effects of dobutamine with those milrinone on myocardial strain in patients undergoing valve replacement surgery.Methods Fifty-five patients udergoing valve replacement surgery, 27 males and 28 females, aged 40-75 years, falling into ASA physical statusⅡ orⅢ, New York Heart Association (NYHA) ⅡorⅢ, were included in this study.They were divided into 3 groups by using a random number table:intravenous infusion dobutamine group (group D, n=18), intravenous infusion milrinone group (group M, n=20) and intravenous infusion saline group (group C, n=17).All patients were used general anesthesia.In groups D, the patients received intravenous infusion dobutamine (4μg·kg-1·min-1) for an hour starting from 15 min after termination of CPB.In group M, the patients did intravenous infusion milrinone (0.4μg·kg-1·min-1) in the same way.In group C, the patients got intravenous infusion saline also.After induction of anesthesia, these patients were recorded for hemodynamic measurement at three points after induction of anesthesia and before splitting of sternum (T0), starting from 15 min after termination of CPB (T1), intravenous infusion medicine for 30 min (T2), intravenous infusion medicine for one hour (T3):HR, CVP, cardiac output (CO), left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), right ventricular fractional area change (RVFAC), cardiac index (CI) and systemic vascular resistance index (SVRI) and strained indicator:global longitudinal strain of left ventricle (S-LVL), global circumferential strain of the left ventricle (S-LVM), global longitudinal strain of right ventricle (S-RV).Results Compared with group M, HR in group D at T2 and T3 was higher (P<0.05).Compared with group C, HR in group D at T3 was higher (P<0.05).And CI in group D at T2 was higher than that in groups C and M (P<0.05).Compared with groups C, S-LVMin groups D and M at T2 and T3 were stronger, S-LVL, S-RV in group D and S-RV in group M at T3 were stronger (P<0.05).Conclusion Intravenous infusion dobutamine can improve S-LVM, S-LVLand S-RV;Intravenous infusion milrinone can improve S-LVMand S-RV.
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Objective To evaluate the role of microRNA-125b (miR-125b) on ventilator-induced lung injury (VILI) in mice.Methods Forty healthy male C57BL/6 male mice,weighing 25-30 g,aged 2-3 months,were divided into 4 groups (n=10 each) using a random number table method:sham operation group (group Sham),group VILI,VILI plus miR-125b negative control group (group VILI+NC),and VILI plus miR-125b overexpression group (group VILI+miR-125b agomir).In VILI+NC and VILI+miR-125b agomir groups,miR-125b negative control and miR-125b agomir transfection complex 50 μl were intratracheally instilled,respectively,and 48 h later VILI model was established.The animals were mechanically ventilated for 4 h with high tidal volume (40 ml/kg) to induce VILI.Blood samples were obtained from the femoral artery at 4 h of mechanical ventilation for detection of PaO2,then animals were sacrificed,lungs were removed for determination of wet to dry weight ratio (W/D ratio) and for examination of pathological changes (with a light microscope),and lung injury was scored.In VILI+NC and VILI+miR-125b agomir groups,bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) was collected to measure the concentrations of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.The cell apoptosis of lung tissues was measured using TUNEL,apoptosis index was calculated,the caspase-3expression was detected by Western blot,and the miR-125b expression was detected by real-time polymerase chain reaction.Results Compared with Sham group,PaO2 was significantly decreased,and W/D ratio and lung injury score were increased in VILI,VILI+NC and VILI+miR-125b agomir groups,and the expression of miR-125b was down-regulated in VILI and VILI+NC groups (P＜0.05).Compared with VILI group,PaO2 was significantly increased,W/D ratio and lung injury score were decreased,the expression of miR-125b was up-regulated (P＜0.05),the pathological changes of lung tissues were significantly attenuated in group VILI+miR-125b agomir,and no significant change was found in the parameters mentioned above in group VILI+NC (P＜0.05).Compared with group VILI+NC,the concentrations of TNF-α and IL-6 in BALF and apoptotic index were significantly decreased,and the expression of caspase-3 was down regulated in group VILI+miR-125b agomir (P＜0.05).Conclusion MiR-125b is involved in the endogenous protective mechanism of VILI in mice.
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Objective@#To evaluate the role of microRNA-125b (miR-125b) on ventilator-induced lung injury (VILI) in mice.@*Methods@#Forty healthy male C57BL/6 male mice, weighing 25-30 g, aged 2-3 months, were divided into 4 groups (n=10 each) using a random number table method: sham operation group (group Sham), group VILI, VILI plus miR-125b negative control group (group VILI+ NC), and VILI plus miR-125b overexpression group (group VILI+ miR-125b agomir). In VILI+ NC and VILI+ miR-125b agomir groups, miR-125b negative control and miR-125b agomir transfection complex 50 μl were intratracheally instilled, respectively, and 48 h later VILI model was established.The animals were mechanically ventilated for 4 h with high tidal volume (40 ml/kg) to induce VILI.Blood samples were obtained from the femoral artery at 4 h of mechanical ventilation for detection of PaO2, then animals were sacrificed, lungs were removed for determination of wet to dry weight ratio (W/D ratio) and for examination of pathological changes (with a light microscope), and lung injury was scored.In VILI+ NC and VILI+ miR-125b agomir groups, bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) was collected to measure the concentrations of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.The cell apoptosis of lung tissues was measured using TUNEL, apoptosis index was calculated, the caspase-3 expression was detected by Western blot, and the miR-125b expression was detected by real-time polymerase chain reaction.@*Results@#Compared with Sham group, PaO2 was significantly decreased, and W/D ratio and lung injury score were increased in VILI, VILI+ NC and VILI+ miR-125b agomir groups, and the expression of miR-125b was down-regulated in VILI and VILI+ NC groups (P<0.05). Compared with VILI group, PaO2 was significantly increased, W/D ratio and lung injury score were decreased, the expression of miR-125b was up-regulated (P<0.05), the pathological changes of lung tissues were significantly attenuated in group VILI+ miR-125b agomir, and no significant change was found in the parameters mentioned above in group VILI+ NC (P<0.05). Compared with group VILI+ NC, the concentrations of TNF-α and IL-6 in BALF and apoptotic index were significantly decreased, and the expression of caspase-3 was down regulated in group VILI+ miR-125b agomir (P<0.05).@*Conclusion@#MiR-125b is involved in the endogenous protective mechanism of VILI in mice.
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Objective To identify the risk factors for postoperative fatigue syndrome (POFS) in out-patients with painless colonoscopy.Methods The out-patients received painless colonoscopy from October 2016 to February 2017 in Northern Jiangsu People's Hospital were selected.The possible factors related to POFS,such as general situation,present history and past history,intraoperative conditions,postoperative diagnosis,were summarized by reviewing the relevant literature.The questionnaires were completed by preoperative interview,filling in questionnaires by doctors during operation,interview before leaving the hospital,and follow-up phone calls.POFS occurrence and initial fatigue scale and duration were evaluated.The patients were divided into POFS group (group Ⅰ) and non-POFS group (group Ⅱ) according to whether POFS occurred.The risk factors of which P values were less than 0.05 would enter the multivariable logistic regression analysis to stratify the risk factors.Results Four hundred and forty-one patients were enrolled in this study,129 cases developed POFS,and the incidence was 29.2％.Using dezocine and higher percentage of change in heart rate were the risk factors for POFS,and male and appropriately prolonging the waiting time on the day of examination were the protective factors for POFS.Conclusion Using dezocine and higher percentage of change in heart rate are the risk factors for POFS,and male and appropriately prolonging the waiting time on the day of examination are the protective factors for POFS in outpatients with painless colonoscopy.
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Objective To evaluate the accuracy of variation of the end-tidal pressure of carbon dioxide (△PETCO2) in predicting the fluid responsiveness in patients undergoing resection of gastrointestinal tumor.Methods Forty-six patients of both sexes,aged 40-64 yr,with body mass index of 20-24 kg/m2,of American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status Ⅱ or Ⅲ,undergoing elective resection of gastrointestinal tumor with general anesthesia,were enrolled in the study.When the change in mean arterial pressure was less than 10％ within 5 min after anesthesia induction,250 ml Ringer's solution was rapidly infused over 10 min via the peripheral vein.Increase in cardiac index after volume expansion ≥ 15％ was considered to be a positive response.The receiver operating characteristic curve for △PETCO2 in determining fluid responsiveness was drawn.Results The results of receiver operating characteristic curve analysis showed that the area under the curve for △PETCO2 in determining fluid responsiveness (95％ confidence interval) was 0.826 (0.730-0.942,P＜0.05),the critical value 21.9％,sensitivity 76.5％,specificity 90.9％.Conclusion △PETCO2 can accurately predict the fluid responsiveness in patients undergoing resection of gastrointestinal tumor.
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Objective To evaluate the effect of dobutamine or milrinone on intraventricular syn-chronization in the patients undergoing cardiac valve replacement with cardiopulmonary bypass ( CPB). Methods Sixty American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status Ⅱ or Ⅲ patients of both sexes, aged 40-75 yr, of New York Heart AssociationⅡorⅢ, scheduled for elective cardiac valve replacement with CPB, were divided into 3 groups (n＝20 each) using a random number table: control group ( group C), dobutamine group ( group D) and milrinone group ( group M). Dobutamine 4 μg·kg-1·min-1was intravenously infused for 60 min starting from 15 min after termination of CPB in group D. Milrinone 0. 4 μg·kg-1·min-1was intravenously infused for 60 min starting from 15 min after termination of CPB in group M. The equal volume of normal saline was given instead in group C. The parameters of heart function were monitored using transesophageal echocardiography. After induction of anesthesia and before splitting the sternum (T0), at 15 min after termination of CPB (T1), and at 30 and 60 min of dobutamine, milri-none or normal saline infusion (T2, average value at two time points), the parameters of intraventricular synchronization were calculated with QLAB software (9. 1 version): standard deviation of time to peak sys-tolic velocity of the left ventricular longitudinal strain 7 segments (LVSDt-L), standard deviation of time to peak systolic velocity of the right ventricular longitudinal strain 7 segments (RVSDt), standard deviation of time to peak systolic velocity of the left ventricular circumferential strain 6 segments (LVSDt-C). Results Compared with group C, LVSDt-C, LVSDt-L and RVSDt were significantly decreased at T2in group D (P＜0. 05), and no significant change was found in the indices mentioned above at each time point in group M (P＞0. 05). RVSDt was significantly higher at T2in group M than in group D ( P＜0. 05). Compared with the baseline at T0, LVSDt-L was significantly increased at T2in group C, and RVSDt was significantly in-creased at T2in group M ( P＜0. 05). Conclusion Intravenously infusing dobutamine after CPB can im-prove the ventricular synchronization, however, intravenously infusing milrinone may increase the right ventricular asynchronization in the patients undergoing cardiac valve replacement.
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Objective To investigate the effect of Shenfu injection preconditioning on ventilator-induced brain injury in rats.Methods Sixty healthy adult male Sprague-Dawley rats,weighing 300-320 g,were divided into 3 groups (n=20 each) using a random number table:control group (group C),ventilator-induced brain injury group (group VIBI) and Shenfu injection group (group SF).Rats were mechanically ventilated for 6 h with tidal volume of 40 ml/kg in VIBI and SF groups.Rats were mechanicaliy ventilated for 6 h with tidal volume of 10 ml/kg in group C.Shenfu injection 20 ml/kg was injected intraperitoneally at 30 min before ventilation in group SF.Blood samples were collected at 2 and 6 h of ventilation for measurement of the concentrations of serum S100β protein (by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay).Then the rats were sacrificed at the end of ventilation,and brains were removed for determination of the contents of interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-o) (by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay) and expression of glutamate decarboxylase (GAD) and γ-aminobutyric acid type A (GABAA) receptor in brain tissues (by Westem blot).Results Compared with group C,the serum concentrations of S100β protein at each time point of ventilation and contents of IL-1β and TNF-α in brain tissues were significantly increased,and the expression of GAD and GABAA receptor was down-regulated in VIBI and SF groups (P＜0.05).Compared with group VIBI,the serum concentrations of S100β protein at each time point of ventilation and contents of IL-1β and TNF-α in brain tissues were significantly decreased,and the expression of GAD and GABAA receptor was up-regulated in group SF (P＜0.05).Conclusion Shenfu injection preconditioning can relieve ventilator-induced brain injury in rats,and the mechanism may be related to inhibiting inflammatory responses and activating GABA signaling pathway.