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Objective To explore the effect of microRNA-22-3p (miR-22-3p) regulating the expression of Kruppel-like factor 6 (KLF6) on the cardiomyocyte-like differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell (BMSC). Methods Rat BMSC was isolated and cultured,and the third-generation BMSC was divided into a control group,a 5-azacytidine(5-AZA)group,a mimics-NC group,a miR-22-3p mimics group,a miR-22-3p mimics+pcDNA group,and a miR-22-3p mimics+pcDNA-KLF6 group.Real-time fluorescent quantitative PCR (qRT-PCR) was carried out to determine the expression of miR-22-3p and KLF6 in cells.Immunofluorescence staining was employed to detect the expression of Desmin,cardiac troponin T (cTnT),and connexin 43 (Cx43).Western blotting was employed to determine the protein levels of cTnT,Cx43,Desmin,and KLF6,and flow cytometry to detect the apoptosis of BMSC.The targeting relationship between miR-22-3p and KLF6 was analyzed by dual luciferase reporter gene assay. Results Compared with the control group,5-AZA up-regulated the expression of miR-22-3p (q=7.971,P<0.001),Desmin (q=7.876,P<0.001),cTnT (q=10.272,P<0.001),and Cx43 (q=6.256,P<0.001),increased the apoptosis rate of BMSC (q=12.708,P<0.001),and down-regulated the mRNA (q=20.850,P<0.001) and protein (q=11.080,P<0.001) levels of KLF6.Compared with the 5-AZA group and the mimics-NC group,miR-22-3p mimics up-regulated the expression of miR-22-3p (q=3.591,P<0.001;q=11.650,P<0.001),Desmin (q=5.975,P<0.001;q=13.579,P<0.001),cTnT (q=7.133,P<0.001;q=17.548,P<0.001),and Cx43 (q=4.571,P=0.037;q=11.068,P<0.001),and down-regulated the mRNA (q=7.384,P<0.001;q=28.234,P<0.001) and protein (q=4.594,P=0.036;q=15.945,P<0.001) levels of KLF6.The apoptosis rate of miR-22-3p mimics group was lower than that of 5-AZA group (q=8.216,P<0.001).Compared with the miR-22-3p mimics+pcDNA group,miR-22-3p mimics+pcDNA-KLF6 up-regulated the mRNA(q=23.891,P<0.001) and protein(q=13.378,P<0.001)levels of KLF6,down-regulated the expression of Desmin (q=9.505,P<0.001),cTnT (q=10.985,P<0.001),and Cx43 (q=8.301,P<0.001),and increased the apoptosis rate (q=4.713,P=0.029).The dual luciferase reporter gene experiment demonstrated that KLF6 was a potential target gene of miR-22-3p. Conclusion MiR-22-3p promotes cardiomyocyte-like differentiation of BMSC by inhibiting the expression of KLF6.
الموضوعات
Animals , Rats , Myocytes, Cardiac , Kruppel-Like Factor 6 , Connexin 43 , Desmin , Cell Differentiation , Azacitidine/pharmacology , Mesenchymal Stem Cells , RNA, Messenger , MicroRNAsالملخص
The world has paid a heavy price for the pandemic of the emerging respiratory communicable disease, so more concern about communicable disease surveillance and early warning has been aroused. This paper briefly reviews the establishment of the surveillance and early warning system of respiratory communicable diseases in China, discusses its future development and introduces the novel surveillance methods and early warning models for the purpose of establishment of a multi-channel surveillance and multi-dimensional early warning system of communicable diseases in the future and the improvement of the prevention and control of emerging respiratory communicable diseases in China.
الموضوعات
Humans , Population Surveillance/methods , Communicable Diseases/epidemiology , Communicable Diseases, Emerging/prevention & control , China/epidemiology , Pandemics , Disease Outbreaks/prevention & controlالملخص
Objective To understand the distribution of frequently isolated pathogenic bacteria from clinical speci-mens and their antimicrobial resistance changes in Hunan Province from 2012 to 2021,and to provide scientific evi-dence for the formulation and evaluation of antimicrobial clinical administration policies.Methods Species identifi-cation,selection of quality control strains and antimicrobial susceptibility testing agents were conducted according to the technical scheme of the China Antimicrobial Resistance Surveillance System(CARSS).Duplicate strains were excluded based on the principle of counting the first strain in each case.Statistical analysis was performed by WHO-NET 5.6 software.The the variations in constituent ratio and resistance rate of strains were analyzed with linear trend test,and the magnitude of change was described with Pearson correlation coefficient.Results From 2012 to 2021,the number of clinically isolated bacteria in the analysis increased from 82 759 to 312 914,with Gram-negative bacteria accounting for 69.5％-72.4％.The major Gram-positive bacteria were Staphylococcus aureus,Staphylo-coccus epidermidis,Streptococcus pneumoniae,Enterococcus faecalis and Enterococcus faecium,and the major Gram-negative bacteria were Escherichia coli,Klebsiella pneumoniae,Pseudomonas aeruginosa,Acinetobacter baumannii and Enterobacter cloacae.Isolation rate of Gram-positive bacteria increased yearly(r=0.022,P=0.001).Isolation rate of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus(MRSA)decreased from 34.3％to 24.8％.Isolation rates of vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium and Enterococcus faecalis were less than 3％and 2％,respectively,presenting a downward trend.The detection rate of penicillin-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae(PRSP)decreased from 5.6％to 1.0％.Except cefoperazone sulbactam,resistance rates of Escherichia coli to other tested antimicrobial agents showed decreasing trends(r＜0,P=0.001).Isolation rates of third-generation cephalo-sporin-resistant Escherichia coli(CTX/CRO-R-EC)and carbapenem-resistant Escherichia coli(CREC)decreased year by year(from 70.5％to 45.3％,and 12.2％to 2.0％,respectively).Resistance rates of Klebsiella pneumo-niae to imipenem and meropenem have increased year by year,reaching 9.1％and 11.0％respectively in 2021,while isolation rate of carbapenem-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa(CRPA)decreased from 28.5％to 15.0％.Resistance rates of Acinetobacter baumannii to most antimicrobial agents were 40％-60％,and remained relatively stable.Isolation rate of carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii(CRAB)ranged from 39.5％ to 59.6％.Conclusion The clinical isolation rates of most important special antimicrobial-resistant bacteria have been decrea-sing year by year,while the resistance rate of Klebsiella pneumoniae to carbapenem agents gradually increased.Antimicrobial stewardship as well as the prevention and control of healthcare-associated infection on specific antimi-crobial-resistant bacteria should continue to be implemented in the future.The coverage and quality of antimicrobial resistance surveillance in H unan Province should continue to be improved.
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Objective To understand the distribution and antimicrobial resistance changes of bacteria isolated from pleural and peritoneal effusion in Hunan Province,and provide reference for correct clinical diagnosis and rational antimicrobial use.Methods Data reported by member units of Hunan Provincial Antimicrobial Resistance Survei-llance System from 2012 to 2021 were collected.Bacteria antimicrobial resistance surveillance method was imple-mented according to technical scheme of China Antimicrobial Resistance Surveillance System(CARSS),and WHO-NET 5.6 software was used to analyze the data of bacteria isolated from pleural and peritoneal effusion as well as antimicrobial susceptibility testing results.Results From 2012 to 2021,a total of 28 934 bacterial strains were iso-lated from specimens of pleural and peritoneal effusions from member units of Hunan Provincial Antimicrobial Re-sistance Surveillance System,with 5 752 strains from pleural effusion and 23 182 from peritoneal effusion.The top five bacteria isolated from pleural effusion were Escherichia coli(n=907,15.8％),Staphylococcus aureus(n=535,9.3％),Klebsiella pneumoniae(n=369,6.4％),Staphylococcus epidermidis(n=452,7.9％),and Staphy-lococcus haemolyticus(n=285,5.0％).The detection rate of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus(MR-SA)from pleural effusion was 24.3％-39.2％,and that of methicillin-resistant coagulase negative Staphylococcus(MRCNS)was 58.8％-77.1％.The top five bacteria isolated from peritoneal effusion were Escherichia coli(n=8 264,35.6％),Klebsiella pneumoniae(n=2 074,9.0％),Enterococcus faecium(n=1 458,6.3％),Staphylo-coccus epidermidis(n=1 383,6.0％),and Pseudomonas aeruginosa(n=1 152,5.0％).The detection rate of MRSA from peritoneal effusion was 22.1％-52.4％,which presented a decreasing trend(P=0.004).The detec-tion rate of MRCNS was 60.4％-79.4％.The resistance rates of Enterobacterales from peritoneal effusion to ce-fazolin,cefuroxime,ceftriaxone and cefepime all showed decreasing trends(all P＜0.05).Vancomycin-,linezo-lid-,and teicoplanin-resistant Staphylococcus strains were not found in pleural and peritoneal effusions.The resis-tance rates of Enterococcus faecium to most tested antimicrobial agents were higher than those of Enterococcus fae-calis.The resistance rates of Enterobacterales to imipenem and meropenem were ≤8.5％.The resistance rates of non-fermentative Gram-negative bacilli to imipenem and meropenem were ≤43.3％.Conclusion The data structure of Hunan Antimicrobial Resistance Surveillance System for pleural and peritoneal effusions from 2012 to 2021 is relatively complete.The constituent and antimicrobial susceptibility of isolated pathogenic bacteria vary in different years.
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Objective To understand the distribution and changes in antimicrobial resistance of clinically isolated Pseudomonas aeruginosa(P.aeruginosa)in the member hospitals of Hunan Provincial Antimicrobial Resistance Surveillance System from 2012 to 2021.Methods Antimicrobial susceptibility testing by disk diffusion or automa-ted instrument was performed on clinical isolates.Testing results were determined according to the standards of 2022 edition from American Clinical Laboratory Standards Institute(CLSI).Statistical analysis was performed by WHONET 5.6 software.Data were analyzed by trend test(Cochran-armitage)and Chi-square test with SPSS.Results A total of 176 441 strains of P.aeruginosa were surveilled by Hunan Provincial Antimicrobial Resistance Surveillance System from 2012 to 2021.99.4％of the strains were isolated from hospitalized patients,and about 70％of the strains were isolated from respiratory specimens.8.4％of P.aeruginosa were from children(0-17 years old),91.6％were from adults.Antimicrobial susceptibility testing results showed that P.aeruginosa was most sensitive to polymyxin B over 10 years,with a resis-tance rate of less than 6％.Resistance rates to piperacil-lin,piperacillin/tazobactam,ceftazidime,cefepime,aztreonam,imipenem,amikacin,gentamicin,tobramycin,cip-rofloxacin,levofloxacin,and polymyxin B all showed downward trends.A total of 29 920 carbapenem-resistant P.aeruginosa(CRPA)strains were detected.The average isolation rate of CRPA in this province was 18.0％over 10 years.CRPA detection rate from adult was 18.5％,higher than that from children(12.3％),and both showing downward trends.Conclusion The resistance rate of clinically isolated P.aeruginosa in Hunan Province to most commonly used antimicrobial agents is decreasing.
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Objective To understand the epidemiology of clinically isolated Acinetobacter baumannii(A.bauma-nnii)in Hunan Province.Methods Bacterial antimicrobial resistance surveillance was carried out according to the requirements of the technical program of National Antimicrobial Resistance Surveillance System.Clinical data of Acinetobacter spp.reported to Hunan Provincial Antimicrobial Resistance Surveillance System by multiple centers in Hunan Province from 2012 to 2021 were summarized and analyzed with reference to the standards of the American Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute.Results A total of 169 438 strains of Acinetobacter spp.were detected during the 10-year period,with the detection rate of A.baumannii being the highest(82.74％).70 923 strains(53.63％)of carbapenem-resistant A.baumannii(CRAB)and 58 149 strains(43.97％)of carbapenem-sensitive A.baumannii(CSAB)were detected respectively.Both CRAB and CSAB were detected most frequently in the age group＞70 years,which were 34.44％and 32.02％,respectively.The percentage of CRAB and CSAB detected in the intensive care unit were 34.80％and 11.31％,respectively.CRAB and CSAB were mainly isolated from spu-tum/bronchoalveolar lavage fluid,followed by pus/secretion,urine,and blood.The resistance rates of CRAB to commonly used antimicrobial agents didn't change much during the 10-year period.Resistance rates of CRAB to ceftazidime and cefepime were both＞84％,to ampicillin/sulbactam and piperacillin/tazobactam were both＞82％,to aminoglycosides and quinolones were both＞59％,to minocycline and polymyxin B were 15.9％-25.0％and 1.3％-6.9％,respectively.CSAB were sensitive to commonly used antimicrobial agents.Conclusion The isolation rate of CRAB is high and there is no significant change in resistance to commonly used antimicrobial agents.
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With the outbreak of infectious diseases, more and more attention has been paid to surveillance and early warning work. Timely and accurate monitoring data is the basis of infectious diseases prevention and control. Effective early warning methods for infectious diseases can improve the timeliness and sensitivity of early warning work. This paper briefly introduces the intelligent early warning model of infectious diseases, summarizes the emerging surveillance and early warning methods of infectious diseases, and seeks the possibility of diversified surveillance and early warning in different epidemic stages and different outbreak scenarios of infectious diseases. This paper puts forward the idea of constructing a diversified method system of infectious diseases surveillance and early warning based on multi-stages and multi-scenarios and discusses the future development trend of infectious diseases surveillance and early warning, in order to provide reference for improving the construction level of infectious diseases surveillance and early warning system in China.
الموضوعات
Humans , Population Surveillance/methods , Communicable Diseases/epidemiology , Disease Outbreaks/prevention & control , Epidemics , China/epidemiologyالملخص
With the outbreak of infectious diseases, more and more attention has been paid to surveillance and early warning work. Timely and accurate monitoring data is the basis of infectious diseases prevention and control. Effective early warning methods for infectious diseases can improve the timeliness and sensitivity of early warning work. This paper briefly introduces the intelligent early warning model of infectious diseases, summarizes the emerging surveillance and early warning methods of infectious diseases, and seeks the possibility of diversified surveillance and early warning in different epidemic stages and different outbreak scenarios of infectious diseases. This paper puts forward the idea of constructing a diversified method system of infectious diseases surveillance and early warning based on multi-stages and multi-scenarios and discusses the future development trend of infectious diseases surveillance and early warning, in order to provide reference for improving the construction level of infectious diseases surveillance and early warning system in China.
الموضوعات
Humans , Population Surveillance/methods , Communicable Diseases/epidemiology , Disease Outbreaks/prevention & control , Epidemics , China/epidemiologyالملخص
Objective@#To evaluate multidrug resistant loop-mediated isothermal amplification (MDR-LAMP) assay for the early diagnosis of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis and to compare the mutation patterns associated with the @*Methods@#MDR-LAMP assay was evaluated using 100 @*Results@#The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), and negative predictive value (NPV) of MDR-LAMP were 85.5%, 93.6%, 96.7%, and 74.4% for the detection of resistance to isoniazid and rifampicin, respectively, and 80.5%, 92.3%, 98.6%, and 41.4% for the detection of @*Conclusion@#MDR-LAMP is a rapid and accessible assay for the laboratory identification of rifampicin and isoniazid resistance of
الموضوعات
Antitubercular Agents , Bacterial Proteins/genetics , Catalase/genetics , DNA, Bacterial/analysis , DNA-Directed RNA Polymerases/genetics , Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial/genetics , Isoniazid , Molecular Diagnostic Techniques/methods , Mutation , Mycobacterium tuberculosis/isolation & purification , Nucleic Acid Amplification Techniques/methods , Oxidoreductases/genetics , Phenotype , Rifampin , Whole Genome Sequencingالملخص
Objective To observe distribution and antimicrobial resistance of pathogens from blood culture of chil-dren with leukemia,and study risk factors.Methods From September 2013 to November 2016,species and antimi-crobial resistance types of 131 strains of pathogens isolated from blood culture of 110 children in a pediatric hemato-logy ward were analyzed,childrens'clinical data were also analyzed statistically.Results 131 strains(5.23%)of pathogens were isolated from 2 505 blood culture specimens,gram-negative bacilli and gram-positive cocci accounted for 52.67% and 43.51% respectively,the top 3 pathogens were Escherichia coli(15.27%),Klebsiella pneumoniae (15.27%),and Staphylococcus hominis(12.98%). Gram-negative bacilli were highly resistant to ampicillin,ce-fazolin,ceftriaxone,and ampicillin/sulbactam,but sensitive to amikacin,cefoperazone/sulbactam,piperacillin/tazobactam,and carbapenems;gram-positive cocci had higher resistance to penicillin,oxacillin,erythromycin,and clindamycin,but were sensitive to tigecycline,linezolid,vancomycin,and quinupristin/dalfopristin. Univariate analysis showed that mixed infection,diarrhea,Pseudomonasaeruginosa infection,and Acinetobacterbaumannii in-fection were related to mortality due to bloodstream infection in children with leukemia.Conclusion Pathogens cau-sing bloodstream infection in children with leukemia is widely distributed,antimicrobial resistance rate is high,it is very im-portant to take active precaution and rational treatment according to antimicrobial susceptibility testing result.
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Objective Carvedilol (Cvd) has a potential cardioprotective effect against myocardial ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury but its molecular mechanism is not yet clarified. The present study aimed to investigate whether the mechanism of Cvd against myocardial I/R injury-induced cardiomyocyte apoptosis is associated with its protection of the myocardium by modulating the unfolded protein response (UPR).Methods Forty male SD rats were randomly divided into five groups of equal number, sham operation, I/R, I/R + UPR agonist dithiothreitol (I/R+DTT), I/R + DTT with Cvd pretreatment at 5 mg/kg (I/R+DTT+Cvd), and I/R with Cvd pretreatment at 5 mg/kg (I/R+Cvd). The myocardial infarct size (infarct area / area-at-risk, IA/AAR) was measured by TCC & Evans blue double staining, the left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) and left ventricular fractional shortening (LVFS) detected by echocardiography, the apoptosis of the myocardiocytes determined by TUNEL staining, the activation of the UPR signaling pathway and the expressions of Caspase-12 and Casoase-3 detected by Western blot, and the concentrations of LDH and CK-MB assayed with the detection kit, followed by a comprehensive evaluation of the effects of Cvd on myocardial I/R injury.Results Myocardial IA/AAR was significantly increased in the I/R+DTT group as compared with the sham operation control (\[54.1±3.28\] % vs \[24.25±3.19\] %, P<0.05), higher in the I/R+DTT and I/R+DTT+Cvd (P<0.05) but lower in the I/R+Cvd than in the I/R group (P<0.05), and lower in the I/R+DTT+Cvd than in the I/R+DTT group (P<0.05). In comparison with the sham operation control, all the other four groups showed significantly decreased LVEF and LVFS (P<0.05), both remarkably lower in the I/R+DTT (\[44.5±1.56\] % and \[19.2±2.23\] %) than in the I/R group (\[61.5±2.63\] % and \[28.4±1.42\] %) (P<0.05), but higher in the I/R+DTT+Cvd and I/R+Cvd groups (P<0.05). The apoptosis rate of the cardiomyocytes was markedly increased in the I/R, I/R+DTT, I/R+DTT+Cvd, and I/R+Cvd groups as compared with that in the sham operation control (\[24.4±2.65\]%, \[48.3±1.62\]%, \[32.6±1.28\] % and \[13.2±2.21\]% vs \[6.2±1.27\]%, P<0.05), higher in the I/R+DTT and I/R+DTT+Cvd (P<0.05) but lower in the I/R+Cvd than in the I/R group (P<0.05). Compared with the sham operation control, the other four groups exhibited significantly elevated levels of expressions of the GRP78, CHOP and ATF6 proteins (P<0.05), all markedly higher in the I/R+DTT (P<0.05) but lower in the I/R+Cvd (P<0.05) and that of GRP78 lower in the I/R+DTT+Cvd than in in the I/R group (P<0.05), and all lower in the I/R+DTT+Cvd than in the I/R+DTT group (P<0.05).Conclusion Carvedilol can significantly alleviate the apoptosis of cardiomyocytes, and its molecular mechanism is related to its inhibitory effect on the UPR pathway.
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BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Ischemic post-conditioning (PostC) has been demonstrated as a novel strategy to harness nature's protection against myocardial ischemia-reperfusion (I/R). Hypercholesterolemia (HC) has been reported to block the effect of PostC on the heart. Angiotensin II type-1 (AT1) modulators have shown benefits in myocardial ischemia. The present study investigates the effect of a novel inhibitor of AT1, azilsartan in PostC of the heart of normocholesterolemic (NC) and HC rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS: HC was induced by the administration of high-fat diet to the animals for eight weeks. Isolated Langendorff's perfused NC and HC rat hearts were exposed to global ischemia for 30 min and reperfusion for 120 min. I/R-injury had been assessed by cardiac hemodynamic parameters, myocardial infarct size, release of tumor necrosis factor-alpha troponin I, lactate dehydrogenase, creatine kinase, nitrite in coronary effluent, thiobarbituric acid reactive species, a reduced form of glutathione, superoxide anion, and left ventricle collagen content in normal and HC rat hearts. RESULTS: Azilsartan post-treatment and six episodes of PostC (10 sec each) afforded cardioprotection against I/R-injury in normal rat hearts. PostC protection against I/R-injury was abolished in HC rat hearts. Azilsartan prevented the HC-mediated impairment of the beneficial effects of PostC in I/R-induced myocardial injury, which was inhibited by L-N⁵-(1-Iminoethyl)ornithinehydrochloride, a potent inhibitor of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS). CONCLUSION: Azilsartan treatment has attenuated the HC-induced impairment of beneficial effects of PostC in I/R-injury of rat hearts, by specifically modulating eNOS. Azilsartan may be explored further in I/R-myocardial injury, both in NC and HC conditions, with or without PostC.
الموضوعات
Animals , Rats , Angiotensin II , Collagen , Creatine Kinase , Diet, High-Fat , Glutathione , Heart , Heart Ventricles , Hemodynamics , Hypercholesterolemia , Ischemia , Ischemic Postconditioning , L-Lactate Dehydrogenase , Myocardial Infarction , Myocardial Ischemia , Nitric Oxide Synthase Type III , Reperfusion , Reperfusion Injury , Superoxides , Troponin I , Tumor Necrosis Factor-alphaالملخص
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is an acute and lethal clinical syndrome that is characterized by hypoxemic respiratory failure and diffuse alveolar inflammatory damage. This review aimed to search and discuss the mass spectrometry (MS)-based proteomic studies on different subsets of ARDS patients.</p><p><b>DATA SOURCES</b>Original research articles were collected from the PubMed database published in English up to December 2015.</p><p><b>STUDY SELECTION</b>The literature search was done using the term "(acute lung injury OR acute respiratory distress syndrome) AND (proteomics OR proteome OR mass spectrum OR differential in-gel electrophoresis OR two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis)". Related original research articles were included and were carefully analyzed.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Eight original proteomic researches on ARDS patients were found. The common proteomic modalities were two-dimensional (2D) high-performance liquid chromatography-based electronic spray ion-MS/MS and 2D-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis/differential in-gel electrophoresis-based matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight/MS. They compared the proteome between ARDS patients and normal controls and analyzed the dynamic changes of proteome at different ARDS stages or severity. The disturbed proteome in ARDS patients includes plasma acute-phase proteins, inflammatory/immune-associated proteins, and coagulation proteins.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Although several previous studies have provided some useful information about the lung proteome in ARDS patients and gained several interesting disease-associated biomarkers, clinical proteomic studies in ARDS patients are still in the initial stage. An increased cooperation is still needed to establish a global and faithful database containing disease-specific proteome from the largest ARDS subsets.</p>
الموضوعات
Humans , Acute-Phase Proteins , Metabolism , Lung , Metabolism , Pathology , Mass Spectrometry , Methods , Precision Medicine , Methods , Proteomics , Methods , Respiratory Distress Syndrome , Metabolismالملخص
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To gain greater insight into the prevalence drug resistant profiles of M. abscessus from a general hospital in Beijing, China.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Partial gene sequencing of 16S, hsp65, and rpoB were used to distinguish the species of NTM isolates. All strains identified as M. abscessus were further enrolled in the drug susceptibility testing by using broth microdilution method.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>We found that M. avium complex was the most frequent NTM organism, accounting for 54.1% (33/61) of all isolates. Behind MAC, the second most common organisms were M. abscessus (22 out of 61, 36.1%). Average rates of resistance were 4.5% for AMK, 9.1% for LZD, and 13.6% for CLA, respectively. In contrast, resistance to LEV (17/22, 77.3%), IMI (9/22, 40.9%), and SMX (10/22, 45.5%) was noted in more than 40% of M. abscessus isolates. DNA sequencing revealed that all the CLA-resistant isolates harbored nucleotide substitutions in position 2058 (1/3, 33.3%) or 2059 (2/3, 66.7%) of 23S rRNA.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>In conclusion, our data demonstrated that M. intracellulare and M. abscessus were the most common NTM species in the general hospital of Beijing. CLA, AMK, LZD showed promising activity, where as LEV, IMI, and SMX exhibited poor activity against M. abscessus in vitro.</p>
الموضوعات
Humans , China , Drug Resistance, Bacterial , Microbial Sensitivity Tests , Nontuberculous Mycobacteriaالملخص
Objective To establish a spine solid model of patients using 3D printing technique based on CT tomoscan data, and to apply the model in spine orthopedics. Methods The time for placing the screws, the accuracy rate of screw placement, the incidence rates of nerve and blood vessel injury were retrospectively analyzed and compared beforc and after 3D printing technique was employed to rebuild the diseased segmentai spine in two groups. Resulte A total of 466 pedical screws were placed in 30 patients who were not subjected to 3D printing technique, and the mean screwing time was (3. 1 ± 0. 5)min, with an accuracy rate of 85. 6% (399/466). While 354 pedical screws were placed in 23 patients who werc subjected to 3D printing technique, and their mean screwing time was (2. 1 ± 0. 4)min, with an accuracy rate of 93. 2% (330/354). Significant differences were found for both the screwing time and accuracy between the two groups (P<0. 01). No patients had complication such as injuries of the nerve, blood vessel or visceral injury during or after operation. Conclusion Compared to traditional free-hand screwing technique, preoperative 3D printing model of the diseased segmental spine can provide reference for operation planning and screwing, shortening the screwing time and improving the screwing accuracy.