Color characterization and its correlation with quality index during ripening of Rubus chingii / 中国中药杂志

The color of Rubus chingii was characterized by digital method, and the content of water extract, alcohol extract, total flavonoids, total polysaccharides, total polyphenols, ellagic acid, linden glycoside, kaophenol-3-O-rutin were determined. Correlation regression was used to analyze the correlation between color and composition. The results showed that L~* was positively correlated with total polyphenols, kaophenol-3-O-rutin and tilide, and moderately positively correlated with total flavones, ellagic acid and aqueous extracts. The a~* value was negatively correlated with total polyphenols, kaophenol-3-O-rutin, and linden glycosides, while was moderately correlated with total flavones, aqueous extracts, and ellagic acid. The b~* value was negatively correlated with the water extract, and moderately correlated with the content of total polyphenols, total polysaccharides, alcohol extract and kaophenol-3-O-rutin, which showed that R. chingii mature color had a significant correlation with material composition in the process of dynamic change. According to the law of dynamic change in the color and quality indexes, it is determined that the appropriate harvest time is in late April to May 1, while the fruit is not turn yellow. The agronomic traits related to fruit was(12.49±0.56) mm in diameter,(14.25±1.19)mm in height,(1.20±0.14) g in weight, the chroma L~* value was 52.87±3.14,a~* value was 2.01±1.58, b~* values was 28.31±3.88. The results lay a foundation for establishing an objective quantitative evaluation model of R. chingii color from experience.

A new anti-hypoxia sesquiterpene from the rhizome of Petasites japonicus / 药学学报

A new sesquiterpene, bakkenolide-Ⅵa (1), was isolated from the rhizome of Petasites japonicas (Sieb. et Zucc.) Maxim. The structure was characterized on the basis of various NMR (1H, 13C, 1H-1H COSY, HMQC, HMBC and NOESY) and mass spectrometry data. Bakkenolide-Ⅵa showed potent cerebral hypoxia-ischemia protective activity in mice subjected to decapitation through prolonging the survival time and gasping time. It also exhibited a protective activity against hypoxia injury in PC12 cells in anaerobic culture by inhibition of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release.

Gynecological theories and prescriptions for andriatric diseases / 中华男科学杂志

Andrology and gynecology have a similar or the same theoretical basis in Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM). Andrology has a history of less than 3 decades in China, while TCM gynecology has developed for over a thousand years. The development of andrology could be greatly promoted with the guidance of the theories and prescriptions of gynecology.

Study on combined effects of chemical components for different flowers blossoming degree of yellow medicinal Chrysanthemum morifolium from Zhejiang / 中国中药杂志

The ingredients of five kinds of Zhejiang's yellow Chrysanthemum morifolium with different flower blossoming stages were comparatively analyzed. Polysaccharides, total flavonoids, volatile oil, alcohol extract, water extract, chlorogenic acid, luteolin, 3,5-O-dicaffeoyl quinic acid and fingerprint of the ingredient were determined as indicators. During flower blossoming stages, the ingredients of Ch. morifolium showed a big difference with a certain variation. At the early opening stage, the contents of flavonoids and volatile oil were higher, the content of chlorogenic acid, luteolin, 3,5-O-dicaffeoyl quinic acid were higher in the middle of the flowers 50% -80% fowers blossoming degree is the optimal time for harvest.

Quality evaluation of Houttuynia cordata Thunb. by high performance liquid chromatography with photodiode-array detection [HPLC-DAD]

A new, validated method, developed for the simultaneous determination of 16 phenolics [chlorogenic acid, scopoletin, vitexin, rutin, afzelin, isoquercitrin, narirutin, kaempferitrin, quercitrin, quercetin, kaempferol, chrysosplenol D, vitexicarpin, 5-hydroxy-3,3',4',7-tetramethoxy flavonoids, 5-hydroxy-3,4',6,7-tetramethoxy flavonoids and kaempferol-3,7,4'-trimethyl ether] in Houttuynia cordata Thunb. was successfully applied to 35 batches of samples collected from different regions or at different times and their total antioxidant activities [TAAs] were investigated. The aim was to develop a quality control method to simultaneously determine the major active components in H. cordata. The HPLC-DAD method was performed using a reverse-phase C[18] column with a gradient elution system [acetonitrilemethanol-water] and simultaneous detection at 345 nm. Linear behaviors of method for all the analytes were observed with linear regression relationship [r[2]>0.999] at the concentration ranges investigated. The recoveries of the 16 phenolics ranged from 98.93% to 101.26%. The samples analyzed were differentiated and classified based on the contents of the 16 characteristic compounds and the TAA using hierarchical clustering analysis [HCA] and principal component analysis [PCA]. The results analyzed showed that similar chemical profiles and TAAs were divided into the same group. There was some evidence that active compounds, although they varied significantly, may possess uniform anti-oxidant activities and have potentially synergistic effects

Study on method of paeonia radix alba producing and concocting integration processing / 中国中药杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the origin pre-treating and processing integration techniques of Paeonia Radix Alba.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>Different processing integration techniques were adopted and compared with traditional processing techniques to determine drying rate, aqueous extracts and peoniflori content.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>Half-dry slices baked at 100 degrees C for 20 min and steamed at 100 degrees C for 10 min had the highest peoniflori contents. Half-dry slices baked at 100 degrees C for 20 min had the highest content of aqueous extracts. Products processed with conventional method and sulfur-fumigation had the lowest content of aqueous extracts.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The origin processing integration techniques of Paeonia Radix Alba lose less active ingredients than conventional processing methods.</p>

Hair roots induction and culture of Withania somnifera and its withanolide A synthesis / 中国中药杂志

Withanolide A is a biologically active secondary metabolite occuring in roots and leaves of Withania somnifera. In the present study, adventitious roots from leaf explants of W. somnifera were induced for the production of withanolide-A by Agrobacterium tumefaciens strain C58C1 to obtain hair roots. Hair roots induction rate reached 30%. The withanolide A was determined by HPLC in different hair roots lines and different parts of W. somnifera. The average content of withanolide A in all hair roots lines were 1.96 times as high as that in wild-plant, the concentration of withanolide A in hair roots (1.783 mg x g(-1) dry weight) were 1.51 times as high as the roots of wild W. somnifera (1.180 mg x g(-1) dry weight), respectively. It is possible to obtain withanolide A from hair roots culture of W. somnifera.

Effects of methyl jasmonate on accumulation and release of main tropane alkaloids in liquid cultures of Datura stramonium hairy root / 中国中药杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the effects of methyl jasmonate (MJ) on the accumulation and release of main secondary metabolites i. e. scopolamine and hyoscyamine in liquid cultures of Datura stramonium hairy roots.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>After 18 days liquid culture of D. stramonium hairy roots induced by agrobacterium rhizogenes C58C1, the chemical elicitor methyl jasmonate was added into 1/2 MS liquid cultures and scopolamine and hyoscyamine on the day 0, 3, 6, 9 and 12, after dealing with MJ, was determined by HPLC.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>After dealing with MJ on the day 3, 6, 9 and 12,the concentration of scopolamine reached to 0.419, 0.439, 0.431, 0.374 mg x g(-1), respectively, the increase of scopolamine were 1.36, 1.42, 1.17 and 1.12 fold higher than that of the control, respectively. And hyoscyamine reached 1.493, 0.817, 0.723 and 0.698 mg x g(-1), respectively, the increase of hyoscyamine were 2.28, 1.11, 0.63 and 0.70 fold higher than that of the control, respectively.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>MJ could stimulate the accumulation of scopolamine and hyoscyamine (3,6 d) in D. stramonium hairy root and have released them into the culture medium.</p>

Effects of Prostate Water Pellets on the number of colonies, NO concentration and NOS activity in the prostate tissue of CBP rats / 中华男科学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the effects of Prostate Water Pellets (PWP) on the number of colonies, NO concentration and NOS activity in the prostate tissues of rats with chronic bacterial prostatitis (CBP).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A total of 120 healthy adult male Wistar rats weighing 250-300 g were equally randomized into 6 groups: blank control, model control, positive control, high-dose PWP, medium-dose PWP and low-dose PWP. The CBP rat models were established by injecting colibacilli (10(7)/ml) into the prostate. A month later, the high- , medium- and low-dose PWP groups were treated intragastrically with PWP at 4.4 g/kg, 2.2 g/kg and 1.1 g/kg per day respectively, the positive controls with levofloxacin at 0.018 g/kg per day, and the blank and model controls with normal saline, all for 35 days. Then the numbers of colonies in the prostate tissues were measured, and the changes in NO concentration and NOS activity detected by the nitrite reductase method.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Compared with the model controls, the number of colonies, NO concentration and NOS activity were significantly reduced in the prostate tissues of the rats of the high- , medium- and low-dose PWP groups (P < 0.01).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>PWP was proved to be efficacious for CBP in rats, whose mechanism might be related with its inhibitory effect on bacterial growth and decreasing effect on NO concentration and NOS activity in the prostate tissues.</p>

Induction and culture of hairy roots in Scutellaria viscidula and its baicalin production / 中国中药杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To establish a culturing system of hairy roots of Scutellaria viscidula, and study the hairy roots growth and biosynthesis of flavonoid in the culturing system.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>Hairy roots of S. viscidula were obtained from infected stem explants after infection with the disarmed Agrobacterium tumefaciens strain C58C1, elite strains were screened and growth curves were determined. The transformation of Ri T-DNA was examined through PCR and baicalin content was examined through HPLC.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>Hairy roots appeared in vitro 8 days after inoculation of S. viscidula with disarmed A. tumefaciens strain C58C1. After 24 days the frequency of stems explants was up to 81%. Transformation was confirmed by the amplification of rolC genes from the hairy roots of S. viscidula. The results demonstrated that rolC genes could be expressed in hairy roots of S. viscidula. Under the 36 days suspension culture of S. viscidula hairy roots in 1/2MS medium, dry weight of hairy root increased 17.42 times, the content and baicalin increased 21.60 and 25.56 times.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The establishment of the culturing system of hairy root of S. viscidula provided a foundation for further industrial production of active drug component.</p>

Relationship between G protein signal transduction pathway and intracranial aneurysm / 中华神经医学杂志

Objective To identify G protein signal transduction pathway related genes in peripheral blood mononuclear cells and aneurysm tissues from intracranial aneurysm patients using oligo-microarrays. Methods Blood samples from 50 intracranial aneurysms and 10 healthy human donors were obtained after informed consent. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were isolated from blood using Ficoll method. And aneurysm tissue samples from 6 intracraniai aneurysms and 3 healthy human intracranial arteries were obtained. The cDNA were retrotranscribed from the extracted RNA and the biotin-labeled cRNA derived from the transcription of cDNA were fragmented as probes. Then, the probes were hybridized with Affymetrix Human Genome UI33A Array. GeneArmy Scanner was used to screen the signals of hybridization and Microarray Suite software 5.0 was applied to analyze the expression of genes. Results There were 325 genes differently expressed in PBMCs from intracranial aneurysm patients compared to healthy human. And 571 genes were differently expressed above 2-fold level in aneurysmal tissue from intracranial aneurysm patients compared to healthy human intracranial arteries. Function analysis was confirmed from upregulated genes and downregulated genes, and among these genes, there were several genes invovled in G protein signal transduction pathway. There were 3 genes directionally expressed (RA831 upregulated and ARHGAP8, CENTG2 downregulated) both in PBMCs and aneurysm tissues from intracranial aneurysm patients. Conclusions The methodologies of genechip will provide a new powerful approach to help identify the molecular mechanisms of intracranial aneurysm. G protein signal transduction pathway may be the possible mechanism for the pathogenesis of intracranial aneurysms in Chinese.

Study on Quantitative Diagnosis of Stagnation of Qi and Blood Stasis Syndrome in Chronic Prostatitis / 中国中医药信息杂志

Objective To discuss the quantitative diagnosis of stagnation of Qi and blood stasis syndrome in chronic prostatitis. To make diagnosis chart and ensure diagnosis threshold level which provide statistics evidence for syndrome differentiation of TCM. Methods By the statistical ways, 168 cases of chronic prostatitis belong to stagnation of Qi blood and stasis syndrome and 198 cases of non-stagnation of Qi and blood stasis syndrome were investigated. To make a diagnosis chart and ensure diagnosis threshold level by applying the method of the maximum likelihood discriminatory analysis. Results The quantitative diagnosis chart was made and diagnosis threshold level was 26. According to the retrospective and prospective test, its sensitivity, especially degree, coincidence rate, error rate and positive likelihood ratio were 94.64%, 88.89%, 91.53%, 8.47%, 8.52 and 94.28%, 90.32%, 92.42%, 7.58%, 9.74. Conclusion The indexes of the quantitative diagnosis have good objectivity. According to the retrospective and prospective test, the diagnosis chart was proved to be practical.

Effects of prostate water pellets on the serum levels of IL-6 and TNF-alpha in rats with chronic bacterial prostatitis / 中华男科学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the effect of Prostate Water Pellets (PWP) on serum levels of IL-6 and TNF-alpha in rats with chronic bacterial prostatitis (CBP).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Fifty healthy, adult, male Wistar rats with the weight of 180 - 220 g were divided into five groups of ten rats each at random: the control group, model group, high dosage of PWP group, low dosage of PWP group and levofloxacin group. The CBP rat model were created by injecting Escherichia coli (0.2 ml/rat, 10(7)/ml) into prostates. A month later after the model creation, high and low dosage of PWP suspension were used by gavage in CBP rats for 30 days, respectively. Levofloxacin tablets were used by gavage as the positive control, and distilled water was used by gavage in the control and model group. After thirty days, serum levels of IL-6 and TNF-alpha were measured with radioimmunoassay.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Compared with the model group, serum levels of IL-6 and TNF-alpha of rats in high and low dosage PWP groups were lower and the difference was significant statistically (P < 0.01).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>It has effect to treat CBP rat with the PWP and its mechanism may relate with the decreasing levels of proinflammatory cytokines(IL-6 and TNF-alpha) in blood.</p>