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Conversion therapy such as transcatheter arterial chemoembolization(TACE)and hepatic arterial infusion chemotherapy(HAIC)is the main treatment method to transform unresectable advanced liver cancer into resectable liver cancer,which can not only effectively increase the survival rate of patients,but also provide patients with the opportunity of liver transplantation.However,pain is a major complication of TACE and HAIC in the treatment of liver cancer,and the incidence of abdominal pain after TACE is from 19.3%to 71.2%,and nearly 64.6%of patients have different degrees of pain during HAIC,which seriously affects the quality of life of patients and shortens their survival time.At present,the mechanism of pains caused by TACE and HAIC is not clear,and it may be related to local liver tissue swelling after embolic agents block the tumor blood supply artery,increased pressure in the liver tissue envelope or traction of the mass capsule,chemical stimulation of the hepatic artery by embolic agents and antineoplastic drugs,thrombosis adjacent to the normal organs,and visceral pain sensitization caused by intestinal ischemia.There are two main intervention measures for pain,one of which is lidocaine,opioids,non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and glucocorticoids,and the other is wrist and ankle acupuncture and traditional Chinese medicine decoction,but their treatment effects are uneven.This article summarizes the status and treatment of pain caused by TACE and HAIC therapies for liver cancer,in order to provide reference for its clinical treatment.
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Objective To explore the in vitro and in vivo antimicrobial activity of antipsychotic agent pimozide against Staphylococcus aureus(S.aureu).Methods The minimal inhibitory concentration(MIC)and minimum bactericidal concentration(MBC)of pimozide were determined by micro-dilution assay.Biofilm was cultured in 96-well cell culture plate,and the anti-biofilm activity of pimozide was detected by turbidimetry.The effect of pimozide on biofilm was further observed through laser confocal microscopy and SYTO9/PI staining.Combined antimicrobial effect of pimozide and other antimicrobial agents was detected by chessboard dilution method,and cytotoxicity of pimozide was detected by CCK-8 assay kit.A model of skin abscess was constructed,in vivo antimicrobial activity and toxicity of pimozide was tested.Results Pimozide showed significant dose-dependent antimicrobial activity against S.aureu,with a MIC of 8-16 μg/mL.It could significantly inhibit the formation of S.aureu biofilm and disperse the formed biofilm.The combination of pimozide and doxycycline has a synergistic antimicrobial effect in vitro,with a synergistic antimicrobial index of 0.5.It can significantly reduce the bacterial load in mouse abscess tissue in vivo,and reduce the live bacterial count from(8.25±0.13)lgarithmic value of CFU/abscess to(3.31± 0.81)logarithmic value of CFU/abscess(q=3.74,P＜0.05).The cytotoxicity of pimozide was extremely low,with a half inhibitory concentration of 64 μg/mL on cells.Conclusion Pimozide exhibits significant antimicrobial activity in vitro and in vivo with extremely low toxicity,thus is promising for the treatment of S.aureu-related local infection in psychiatric patients.
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With the rapid development of artificial intelligence and deep learning,virtual reality(VR)and augmented reality(AR)technologies have been widely used in the medical field with their unique advantages.Despite the rapid advances of techniques in colorectal surgery,the risk of colorectal surgery remained high due to the complexity of colorectal anatomy,and the burden of postoperative symptoms remained high.VR and AR technologies can help overcome some of these challenges.The application of VR and AR in colorectal surgery was reviewed,including education and training,surgical assistance,patient education,symptom management,etc.,in order to provide references for clinical application of VR and AR in colorectal surgery.
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Objective To investigate the effects and mechnism of abnormal stress promoting macrophage mobility inhibitory factor(MIF),cyclooxygenase 2(COX2)and prostaglandin E2(PGE2)in the progression of temporomandibular joint osteoarthritis(TMJOA).Methods From January 2020 to December 2021,TMJOA and temporomandibular joint internal derangement(TMJID)patients(30 cases in each group,we divided the TMJOA into group TMJ Ⅰ,Ⅱ,Ⅲ according to the stage)who were admitted to TMJOA special clinic of the First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University and accompanied by abnormal occlusion were collected.The pain score of the occlusal state of the patients was evaluated by visual analogue scale.The expression levels of MIF,COX2 and PGE2 in synovial fluid were detected by ELISA.We used the unilateral anterior crossbite for TMJOA(UAC)rats model(the grouped into:UAC-4 weeks,UAC-8 weeks and UAC-12 weeks group),and control group at the same time(grouped into:Ctrl-4 weeks,Ctrl-8 weeks and Ctrl-12 weeks group),each group had 6 rats.The expression levels of MIF,COX2 and PGE2 in serum and synovial fluid of rats were detected by ELISA.The expression levels of IL-1β,IL-18,MIF,COX2 and PTGER2 in temporomandibular joint of rats were detected by Western blotting.The fluid flow shear stress(FFSS)model of fibroblast-like synovial cells(FLSs)was established,and the mRNA and protein expression levels of above indexes were detected by RT-PCR and Western blotting.Results Visual analogue scale evaluation showed that the pain score of TMJOA Ⅰ and Ⅱ group was significantly higher than that of TMJID(P<0.001).ELISA results showed that the expression levels of MIF,COX2 and PGE2 in synovial fluid in TMJOA group were higher than those in TMJID group(P<0.05),and the expression levels were the highest in TMJOA Ⅱ group.Compared with control group,the expressions of MIF,COX2 and PGE2 in serum and synovial fluid at UAC-4 weeks,8 weeks and 12 weeks were slightly higher,and significantly higher at UAC-8 weeks in rat TMJOA model(P<0.05).In addition,the expression trend of protein levels in temporomandibular joint tissues was similar,which showed higher expression levels of IL-1β,IL-18,MIF,COX2 and PTGER2(P<0.05).In the cell model where FFSS interfered with FLSs,with the increase of FFSS,cell with deformation,incomplete cell membrane and reduced number.Compared with control group,the expression levels of IL-1β,IL-18,MIF,COX2 and PGE2(PTGER2)of FLSs were increased in 1,3,5 and 10 dyn/cm2 intervention groups(P<0.05).Conclusion MIF,COX2 and PGE2 were highly expressed in temporomandibular joint synovial fluid of TMJOA patients with malocclusion.And these three factors were also highly expressed in serum and synovial fluid of UAC rats.The abnormal fluid shear stress promotes the secretion of MIF,COX2 and PGE2 by FLSs to participate in joint microenvironment inflammation and accelerate disease progression.
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Background At present, a large number of reports focus on the bones of limbs and trunk, while there are few studies on the effect of fluorosis on jawbone which is the inevitable structural basis for the development and treatment of oral diseases. Objective To preliminarily investigate the effect of fluoride exposure on the mechanical properties of jawbone by observing the changes in the intraosseous environment and the maximum load against shearing force (LSFmax) of the jawbone in rats with chronic fluoride treatment. Methods Screening experiment: 48 SD male rats were randomly divided into a control group and three fluoride exposure groups (50, 150, and 250 mg·L−1 fluoride concentration), 12 rats in each group. The fluoride exposure groups were molded by feeding different concentrations of sodium fluoride solution, and the control group drank tap water from Guizhou area. Each group was further divided into 4 subgroups with 3 animals each according to observation time points after 0, 2, 4, and 6 months. The LSFmax of the jawbone was measured with an electronic universal ergometer, the expression of type I collagen (Col1) was shown by Sirius red staining, and the expression of runt-related transcription factor 2 (Runx2) was determined semi-quantitatively by immunohistochemistry at selected time points. Formal experiment: 12 male SD rats were randomly divided into a fluoride exposure group and a control group. The fluoride exposure group were fed with 150 mg·L−1 sodium fluoride solution, and the control group drank tap water from Guizhou. After feeding with fluoride for 5 months, the ergometer was used to measure the LSFmax of the jawbone. Osteoclasts were counted after tartrate resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) staining. Col1, Runx2, bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP-2), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), and cathepsin K (Cath K) were detected semi-quantitatively by immunohistochemistry expression and Sirius red staining. Micro computed tomography (Micro CT) was used to observe the trabecular bone microstructure. Results Screening experiment: The LSFmax of the control group and the 50 mg·L−1 fluoride exposure group reached the peak value at the 2nd month, and the LSFmax of the 50 mg·L−1 fluoride exposure group reached the valley value at the 4th month. The LSFmax of the 150 mg·L−1 fluoride exposure group at the 4th month was higher than that at the 6th month (P<0.05). There was no significant difference in the LSFmax at each time point in the 250 mg·L−1 fluoride exposure group. At the same time point, there was no statistically significant difference in LSFmax among the groups. The Col1 levels of the 50 mg·L−1, 150 mg·L−1, and 250 mg·L−1 fluoride exposure groups were higher than the time point 0 from the 2nd month (P＜0.05). The Runx2 showed no statistically significant difference by concentration or time. Formal experiment: After feeding with 150 mg·L−1 fluoride for 5 months, the LSFmax of the fluoride exposure group was greater than that of the control group (P<0.05). The expressions of Col1, Runx2, BMP2, ALP, and Cath K in the fluorosis exposure group were higher than those in the control group (P<0.05). There were no statistically significant differences in osteoclast count or indicators of bone trabecular microstructure. Conclusion Chronic fluoride exposure may increase the shear strength of jaw bone.
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To investigate the mechanism by which Schisandra Chinensis mediates the phenotypic transformation of microglia via microRNA-124 (miR-124)-based regulation of the Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) pathway, a model was established using lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulation of BV2 cells. Cells were treated with different doses of Schisandra Chinensis extract (SCE). MiR-124 inhibitors and negative control sequences (NC inhibitor) were transfected into LPS-induced BV2 cells and treated with SCE. The MTT assay was used for cell activity detection; an NO kit was used to measure NO release; ELISA kits were used to measure the levels of interleukin-10 (IL-10) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α). Microglia markers, including ionized calcium binding adapter molecule-1 (IBA-1) and arginase-1 (Arg-1), and the nuclear translocation of nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) were evaluated by immunofluorescent staining. NF-κB p65, IBA-1, Arg-1, TLR4, myeloid differentiation primary factor 88 (MyD88), inhibitor of nuclear factor-kappa B kinases-α (IKK-α), IL-10, TNF-α were detected by immunoblot. SCE at concentrations ranging from 31.25 to 250 μg·mL-1 had no significant effect on cell activity. SCE treatment significantly inhibited NO release induced by LPS (P < 0.001, P < 0.01), increased the level of IL-10 (P < 0.05), and decreased the level of TNF-α (P < 0.001). In addition, SCE significantly reduced the expression of TNF-α, IBA-1, TLR4, and MyD88 (P < 0.01, P < 0.001) and elevated the expression of IL-10, Arg-1, NF-κB P65 and IKK-α (P < 0.001, P < 0.01, P < 0.05). SCE treatment could also promote the expression of miR-124 (P < 0.01). However, transfection with the miR-124 inhibitor increased TNF-α (P < 0.001), decreased the level of IL-10 (P < 0.05), increased the mRNA level and the protein expression of TNF-α and IBA-1 (P < 0.05, P < 0.01, P < 0.001), and decreased the mRNA level and protein expression of IL-10 and Arg-1 (P < 0.001, P < 0.01). In addition, the inhibition of TLR4 and MyD88 was attenuated. In conclusion, SCE appears to inhibit the activation of TLR4 signaling pathway by upregulating miR-124 so as to inhibit microglia M1 polarization and promote microglia M2 polarization.
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AIM: To study the effect of Qingdaipowder Gel (QDPG) on mice specific dermatitis (AD) model and the antibacterial effect of the ethanol extract of Qingdaipowder. METHODS: AD model of mice was established by repeated skin induction with 2,4-dinitrochlorobenzene (DNCB). Fifty-six mice were randomly divided into blank group, model group, Hydrocortisone Butyrate Cream group (Hyd, 1.5 mg/cm
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OBJECTIVE@#To observe the effects of acupuncture at "umbilical four-acupoints" on chronic insomnia and its comorbid symptoms.@*METHODS@#A total of 120 patients with chronic insomnia were randomly divided into an observation group (60 cases, 8 cases dropped off) and a control group (60 cases, 5 cases dropped off). The patients in the observation group were treated with acupuncture at regular acupoints (Baihui [GV 20] and bilateral Shenmen [HT 7], Neiguan [PC 6], Anmian [Extra]) and "umbilical four-acupoints", while the patients in the control group were treated with acupuncture at regular acupoints. Acupuncture was given once a day, 6 times a week, for a total of 3 weeks in the two groups. The Pittsburgh sleep quality index (PSQI), insomnia severity index (ISI) scores were observed before treatment, after treatment and in follow-up of one month after treatment completion; the Beck anxiety inventory (BAI), Beck depression inventory (BDI), fatigue severity scale (FSS), and Epworth sleepiness scale (ESS) scores were observed before and after treatment; the sleep parameters of polysomnography (PSG), including sleep latency (SL), awake-up time (AT), sleep efficiency (SE) and total sleep time (TST), were observed before and after treatment using polysomnography monitor in the two groups.@*RESULTS@#Compared with those before treatment, the PSQI and ISI scores in both groups were reduced after treatment and in follow-up (P<0.05), and the PSQI and ISI scores in the observation group were lower than those in the control group after treatment and in follow-up (P<0.05). Compared with those before treatment, the BAI, BDI, FSS and ESS scores in both groups were reduced after treatment (P<0.05), and the BAI, BDI, FSS and ESS scores in the observation group were lower than those in the control group after treatment (P<0.05). Compared with those before treatment, the SL and AT in both groups were reduced after treatment (P<0.05), while SE and TST were increased after treatment (P<0.05); after treatment, the SL and AT in the observation group were lower than those in the control group (P<0.05), while SE and TST in the observation group were higher than those in the control group (P<0.05).@*CONCLUSION@#On the basis of regular acupoint selection, acupuncture at "umbilical four-acupoints" could improve sleep quality, alleviate the severity of insomnia, and improve the comorbid symptoms i.e. anxiety, depression, fatigue and lethargy in patients with chronic insomnia.
الموضوعات
Humans , Sleep Initiation and Maintenance Disorders/therapy , Acupuncture Points , Acupuncture Therapy , Sleep , Fatigueالملخص
Objective To investigate the influencing factors and establish a model predicting the performance of needle visualization in fine-needle aspiration (FNA) of thyroid nodules. Methods This study prospectively included 175 patients who underwent FNA of thyroid nodules in the Department of Ultrasound in China-Japan Friendship Hospital and compared the display of the needle tips in the examination of 199 thyroid nodules before and after the application of needle visualization.We recorded the location,the positional relationship with thyroid capsule,ultrasonic characteristics,and the distribution of the soft tissue strip structure at the puncture site of the nodules with unclear needle tips display before using needle visualization.Furthermore,according to the thyroid imaging reporting and data system proposed by the American College of Radiology,we graded the risk of the nodules.Lasso-Logistic regression was employed to screen out the factors influencing the performance of needle visualization and establish a nomogram for prediction. Results The needle tips were not clearly displayed in the examination of 135 (67.8%) and 53 (26.6%) nodules before and after the application of needle visualization,respectively,which showed a significant difference (P<0.001).Based on the positional relationship between the nodule and capsule,anteroposterior/transverse diameter (A/T) ratio,blood supply,and the distribution of subcutaneous strip structure at the puncture site,a nomogram was established to predict the probability of unclear display of the needle tips after application of needle visualization.The C-index of the prediction model was 0.75 (95%CI=0.67-0.84) and the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve was 0.72.The calibration curve confirmed the appreciable reliability of the prediction model,with the C-index of 0.70 in internal validation. Conclusions Needle visualization can improve the display of the needle tip in ultrasound-guided FNA of thyroid nodules.The nomogram established based on ultrasound features such as the positional relationship between the nodule and capsule,A/T ratio,blood supply,and the distribution of subcutaneous strip structure at the puncture site can predict whether needle visualization is suitable for the examination of nodules.
الموضوعات
Humans , Thyroid Nodule/diagnostic imaging , Biopsy, Fine-Needle/methods , Reproducibility of Results , Ultrasonography , Retrospective Studies , Thyroid Neoplasmsالملخص
This study aims to investigate the expression, prognosis, and clinical significance of C5orf46 in gastric cancer and to study the interaction between the active components of C5orf46 and tarditional Chinese medicine. The ggplot2 package was utilized for differential expression analysis of C5orf46 in gastric cancer tissues and normal tissues. The survival package was used for survival analysis, univariate regression analysis, and multivariate regression analysis. Nomogram analysis was used to assess the connection between C5orf46 expression in gastric cancer and overall survival. The abundance of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes was calculated by GSVA package. Coremine database, Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology Database and Analysis Platform(TCMSP) database, and PubChem database were used to search the potential components corresponding to C5orf46 gene and tarditional Chinese medicine. Molecular docking was performed to explore the binding affinity of potential components to C5orf46. Cell experiments were performed to explore the expression of C5orf46 gene in cells of the blank group, model group, and drug administration groups. As compared with normal tissues, C5orf46 expression was higher in gastric cancer tissues, which had more significant predictive effects in the early stages(T2, N0, and M0). The more advanced the tumor node metastasis(TNM) stage, the higher the C5orf46 expression and the lower the probability of survival of patients with gastric cancer. The expression of C5orf46 positively correlated with the helper T cells1 in gastric cancer and the macrophage infiltration level in gastric cancer, and negatively correlated with B cells, central memory T cells, helper T cells 17, and follicular helper T cells. Seven potential components of C5orf46 were obtained, and three active components were obtained after the screening, which matched five tarditional Chinese medicines, namely, Sojae Semen Nigrum, Jujubae Fructus, Trichosanthis Fructus, Silybi Fructus, and Bambusae Concretio Silicea. Molecular docking revealed that sialic acid and adeno-sine monophosphate(AMP) had a good binding ability to C5orf46. The results of real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction(RT-qPCR) and Western blot showed that, as compared with the model group, the mRNA and protein expression levels of C5orf46 were significantly lower in the drug administration groups. The lowest expression level was found at the concentration of 40 μmol·L~(-1). The results of this study provide ideas for the clinical development of traditional Chinese medicine compounds for the treatment of gastric cancer as well as other cancers.
الموضوعات
Humans , Stomach Neoplasms/metabolism , Medicine, Chinese Traditional , Molecular Docking Simulation , Prognosis , Computational Biologyالملخص
Background A large number of studies on fluoride-induced systemic bone damage have been reported previously, but there is little understanding of the characteristics of fluoride accumulation in jawbone. Jawbone is homologous to the other bone tissues in the body, and is an indispensable and important frame structure in the oral cavity. Objective To study fluoride accumulation and its change trends in teeth, jawbone, and femur of SD rats with chronic drinking-water-borne fluorosis. Methods A total of 144 three-week-old SD rats, half male and half female, were randomly divided into two groups, a normal control group and a fluoride group. The rats in the normal controlgroup drank purified water disinfected and filtered from Guizhou, and the water contained 0.08 mg·kg−1 fluoride which was lower than the national water quality standard at 1 mg·kg−1. The rats in the fluoride group were fed with sodium fluoride (NaF) solution with a concentration of 150 mg·L−1. At 3, 5 and 7 months of the fluoride exposure, the levels of fluoride in urine, blood, teeth, jawbone, and femur were measured by fluoride ion electrode method. Results There was no sex difference in fluoride content in different biological samples of rats in the fluoride group and the normal control group (all P>0.05). After 3 months of fluoride exposure, the rats in the fluoride group showed dental fluorosis of grade II, and higher levels of fluoride ion in blood and urine than the normal control group (all P<0.05), indicating that the rat model of fluoride drinking-water-borne chronic fluorosis was successfully replicated. In the normal control group, the levels of fluoride in femur remained stable; at the end of 3 months, the levels of fluoride in jawbone and teeth were (1097.36±470.34) and (453.09±173.43) mg·kg−1 respectively, and at the end of 7 months, the levels of fluoride in jawbone and teeth were (2113.18±634.49) and (1604.80±160.43) mg·kg−1 respectively. Both jawbone and teeth showed a positive temporal effect of increasing fluoride accumulation (P<0.05). After continuous fluoride feeding, the fluoride levels in jawbone, teeth, and femur of rats in the fluoride group were (3145.02±765.82), (1550.20±77.73), and (3640.55±699.42) mg·kg−1 after 3 months, and (8420.36±1728.56), (4702.08±1417.06), and (6091.99±1384.97) mg·kg−1 after 7 months. The three kinds of hard tissues all showed a positive temporal effect of increasing fluoride accumulation (P<0.05), and the cumulative increas was large than that in the normal control group. Among them, jawbone fluorine increased most. At the end of 5 months, the levels of fluoride in jawbone, femur, and teeth were (6485.02±2141.98), (4914.99±1529.41), and (3365.21±1462.27) mg·kg−1 respectively, and the levels of fluoride in jawbone was much higher than those in femur and teeth (P<0.05). Conclusion Hard tissues such as bones and teeth are fluorine sensitive tissues. Compared with femur, jawbone showed significantly high fluoride accumulation, while teeth show relatively lagging fluoride accumulation.
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Cerebrovascular disease is a common disease that seriously endangers the health of Chinese people. White matter hyperintensities (WMHs) are the most common in elderly patients. Intravenous thrombolysis is currently the most effective drug treatment for acute ischemic stroke. Hemorrhagic transformation (HT) is the most common serious complication after intravenous thrombolysis in patients with acute ischemic stroke. The destruction of blood-brain barrier in patients of WMHs can increase the risk of HT after intravenous thrombolysis. Matrix metalloproteinases and S100B jointly participate in the destruction process of blood-brain barrier in WMHs and HT after intravenous thrombolysis. At present, the pathogenesis of WHM and HT is not completely clear, and whether mild and moderate WMHs will aggravate HT is still controversial. Nevertheless, WMHs are still the independent risk factor for HT.
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Objective:To observe the effect of fluoride on growth and development of bone microstructure of rats condyle subchondral bone (RCSB).Methods:Forty two 3-week-old SD rats (half male and half female) were fed adaptively for 1 week, and 3 females and 3 males were sacrificed and recorded as 0 month. The remaining rats were randomly divided into control group ( n = 18) and fluoride exposed group ( n = 18) according to their body weight (55 - 70 g), half male and half female. The fluoride exposed group was fed with 150 mg/L sodium fluoride (NaF) aqueous solution, and the control group was fed with tap water. The two groups of experimental animals were sacrificed at 3, 5 and 7 month, respectively, 6 rats in each group, half male and half female. The right mandibular condyle was separated, and Micro CT scanning was performed to detect the microstructure parameters of RCSB. Results:In fluoride exposed group (3 month), bone surface/tissue volume (BS/TV), bone surface/bone volume (BS/BV), trabecular thickness (Tb.Th), trabecular number (Tb.N), structure model index (SMI), connectivity, connectivity density (Conn.D) and total porosity of female rats were significantly different from those of male rats ( t = - 5.10, - 5.58, 4.52, - 4.32, - 4.03, - 2.81, - 6.71, - 3.32, P < 0.05). There was no significant difference in each index between female and male rats in fluoride exposed group (5, 7 month, P > 0.05). Conclusion:In chronic fluorine exposure bone environment, the RCSB bone microarchitecture of male and female rats is different with time, showing the tendency of fluoride injury that the bone changes of female rats are slowed and the bone changes of male rats are active.
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Objective:To seek any effect of extracorporeal shockwave treatment on the expression of transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) and interleukin-1β (IL-1β) in the cartilage tissue of rabbits with knee osteoarthritis (OA), and its therapeutic mechanism.Methods:Fifty female New Zealand rabbits were randomly divided into a normal control group, a model group, and three shockwave groups A, B and C, each of 10. Except for the normal control group, an OA model was established in the other groups using Hulth′s method. The shockwave groups were given 2000 shocks in each weekly session over 4 weeks. The energy flow density in group A was 0.05mJ/mm 2; in B it was 0.11mJ/mm 2 and in C 0.22mJ/mm 2. The normal control and model groups were not shocked. All the rabbits were then sacrificed and their right knee cartilage tissue was sampled to observe any pathological changes and assign improved Mankin scores. Immunohistochemistry was used to count the number of TGF-β1 and IL-1β-positive cells in the cartilage. Western blotting and real-time fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reactions were employed to determine the protein and mRNA expression of IL-1β and TGF-β1. Results:Compared with the normal group, degeneration of articular cartilage was observed in the model group. The average Mankin′s score of the model group was significantly higher than that of the normal control group. The average expression of TGF-β1 and IL-1β protein and mRNA in the model group had increased significantly compared with the normal control group. The average Mankin′s scores of the shock wave groups were all significantly lower than the model group′s average. Group C′s average expression levels of TGF-β1 and IL-1β protein and mRNA were significantly lower than the model group′s averages.Conclusions:Extracorporeal shockwave therapy can reduce the expression of TGF-β1 and IL-1β in the cartilage of an arthritic knee, at least in rabbits. Its therapeutic effect is positively correlated with the density of the energy flow, suggesting that shock waves may reduce the expression of inflammatory factor IL-1β by regulating the expression of TGF-β1. They should be applied in the prevention and treatment of osteoarthritis.
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Daturae Flos is a traditional antitussive and antiasthmatic medicine， its flowers and leaves are rich in a variety of compounds， including withanolides， alkaloids， terpenes， flavonoids and amides. Because of its antiasthmatic， antitussive， antispasmodic and analgesia effect， it is traditionally used for the treatment of asthma， cough， cold pain in abdominal cavity， rheumatic arthralgia， infantile chronic eclampsia， and can also be used as raw material for surgical anesthesia. Modern pharmacological studies have shown that in addition to the traditional efficacy， Daturae Flos also has anti-inflammatory， immunosuppression， anti-convulsion and other effects， and is often used in the treatment of psoriasis， Parkinson's disease， epilepsy， rheumatoid arthritis and other diseases. At present， the chemical constituents of Daturae Flos are mainly focused on withanolides and alkaloids. At the same time， there is a lack of clear classification of chemical components and the distribution of chemical components in medicinal parts of this medicine， and little information is available for the pharmacological effects of polysaccharides. Based on this， this paper systematically searched relevant literature of Daturae Flos， and summarized and analyzed its chemical composition， pharmacological effect and clinical application， in order to provide reference for further development and utilization of Daturae Flos.
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Ischemic heart diseases are one of the major causes of death worldwide. Effective restoration of blood flow can significantly improve patients’ quality of life and reduce mortality. However, reperfusion injury cannot be ignored. Flavonoids possess well-established antioxidant properties; They also have other benefits that may be relevant for ameliorating myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury (MIRI). In this review, we focus on flavonoids with cardiovascular-protection function and emphasize their pharmacological effects. The main mechanisms of flavonoid pharmacological activities against MIRI involve the following aspects: a) antioxidant, b) anti-inflammatory, c) anti-platelet aggregation, d) anti-apoptosis, and e) myocardial-function regulation activities. We also summarized the effectiveness of flavonoids for MIRI.
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Thin layer chromatography, high performance liquid chromatography and multivariate statistical analysis were integrated in current study to provide a basis for the quality evaluation and the standard improvement of Paridis Rhizoma(Chinese name: Chong-lou). The results demonstrated that the primary saponins in the two authorized sources of Paridis Rhizoma were polyphyllinsⅠ, Ⅱ and Ⅶ, while the rhizome of Trillium tschonoskii an adulterant of Paridis Rhizoma was rich of polyphyllin Ⅵ. Therefore, the apparent content of polyphyllin Ⅵ plays a determinant role towards the source authentication of raw materials and decoction slices of Paridis Rhizoma, whose adulterants frequently occur in the market. Moreover, the contents of polyphyllin Ⅵ in the two authorized sources could meet the requirements of Chinese Pharmacopoeia. Therefore, we suggested that polyphyllin Ⅵ should not be omitted from the quality standard of Paridis Rhizoma in the Chinese Pharmacopoeia, and on the other side, polyphyllinsⅠ, Ⅱ and Ⅶ should be the eligible quality indicators. The study aims to sound information and evidences for the quality evaluation of Paridis Rhizoma, and also to provide a theoretical basis for the standard revision of Paridis Rhizoma in the future Chinese Pharmacopoeia.
الموضوعات
Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid , Drugs, Chinese Herbal , Rhizome , Saponins , Trilliumالملخص
To explore whether paeonol can play an anti-atherosclerotic role by regulating the expression of aortic caveolin-1 and affecting NF-κB pathway, so as to inhibit the inflammatory response of vascular endothelium in atherosclerotic rats. The atherosclerotic model of rats was induced by high-fat diet and vitamin D_2. The primary culture of vascular endothelial cells(VECs) was carried out by tissue block pre-digestion and adherent method. The injury model of VECs was induced by lipopolysaccharide(LPS), and filipin, a small concave protein inhibitor, was added for control. HE staining was used to observe pathological changes of aorta. TNF-α, IL-6 and VCAM-1 were detected by ELISA. Western blot assay was used to detect the protein expression levels of caveolin-1 and p65 in aorta and VECs. The results showed that as compared with model group, paeonol significantly reduced aortic plaque area and lesion degree in rats, decreased the level of serum TNF-α, IL-6 and VCAM-1 in the rats and enhanced the relative expression level of caveolin-1, decreased p65 expression conversely(P<0.05 or P<0.01). In vitro, as compared to model group, paeonol obviously improved cell morphology, decreased the secretion of TNF-α, IL-6 and VCAM-1 in VECs, increased caveolin-1 expression, and decreased p65 protein expression(P<0.05 or P<0.01). Furthermore, filipin could reverse the effect of paeonol on expression of inflammatory factors and proteins(P<0.05 or P<0.01). According to the results, it was found that paeonol could play the role of anti-atherosclerosis by up-regulating the expression of caveolin-1 and inhibiting the activation of NF-κB pathway to reduce vascular inflammation in atherosclerotic rats.
الموضوعات
Animals , Rats , Acetophenones , Caveolin 1 , Endothelial Cells , Endothelium, Vascular , Inflammation , NF-kappa B , Signal Transduction , Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha , Up-Regulationالملخص
Silibinin exhibits antidiabetic potential by preserving the mass and function of pancreatic β-cells through up-regulation of estrogen receptor-α (ERα) expression. However, the underlying protective mechanism of silibinin in pancreatic β-cells is still unclear. In the current study, we sought to determine whether ERα acts as the target of silibinin for the modulation of antioxidative response in pancreatic β-cells under high glucose and high fat conditions. Our in vivo study revealed that a 4-week oral administration of silibinin (100 mg/kg/day) decreased fasting blood glucose with a concurrent increase in levels of serum insulin in high-fat diet/streptozotocin-induced type 2 diabetic rats. Moreover, expression of ERα, NF-E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), and heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) in pancreatic β-cells in pancreatic islets was increased by silibinin treatment. Accordingly, silibinin (10 μM) elevated viability, insulin biosynthesis, and insulin secretion of high glucose/palmitate-treated INS-1 cells accompanied by increased expression of ERα, Nrf2, and HO-1 as well as decreased reactive oxygen species production in vitro. Treatment using an ERα antagonist (MPP) in INS-1 cells or silencing ERα expression in INS-1 and NIT-1 cells with siRNA abolished the protective effects of silibinin. Our study suggests that silibinin activates the Nrf2-antioxidative pathways in pancreatic β-cells through regulation of ERα expression.
الملخص
The present research work primarily investigated whether spinosin has the potential of improving the pathogenesis of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) driven by β-amyloid (Aβ) overproduction through impacting the procession of amyloid precursor protein (APP). Wild type mouse Neuro-2a cells (N2a/WT) and N2a stably expressing human APP695 (N2a/APP695) cells were treated with spinosin for 24 h. The levels of APP protein and secreted enzymes closely related to APP procession were examined by western blot analysis. Oxidative stress related proteins, such as nuclear factor-erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), and heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) were detected by immunofluorescence assay and western blot analysis, respectively. The intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) level was analyzed by flow cytometry, the levels of Aβ1-42 were determined by ELISA kit, and Thioflavin T (ThT) assay was used to detect the effect of spinosin on Aβ1-42 aggregation. The results showed that ROS induced the expression of ADAM10 and reduced the expression of BACE1, while spinosin inhibited ROS production by activating Nrf2 and up-regulating the expression of HO-1. Additionally, spinosin reduced Aβ1-42 production by impacting the procession of APP. In addition, spinosin inhibited the aggregation of Aβ1-42. In conclusion, spinosin reduced Aβ1-42 production by activating the Nrf2/HO-1 pathway in N2a/WT and N2a/ APP695 cells. Therefore, spinosin is expected to be a promising treatment of AD.