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Objective To analyze the micronucleus rate of radiation workers and to provide accurate occupational health monitoring basis in radiation workers exposed to low-level ionizing radiation for a long time. Methods The radiation group consisted of 353 radiation workers who had been exposed to ionizing radiation during work, while the control group consisted of 41 radiation workers who had not yet been exposed to ionizing radiation before work. The cytokinesis-block micronucleus method was used to determine the micronucleus rate. Results The average micronucleus rate in the radiation group was significantly higher than that in the control group (t = −2.95, P < 0.05). In the radiation group, the micronucleus rate gradually increased with age, and the difference was statistically significant (F = 8.36, P < 0.05). The micronucleus rates of workers with > 10 and > 30 years of service were significantly higher than those of workers with < 10 years of service (χ2 = −44.79, −60.47, P < 0.05). The micronucleus rate in females was significantly higher than that in males (t = 3.93, P < 0.05). The micronucleus rates in the diagnostic radiology group and the industrial detection group were significantly higher than that in the control group (t = 3.51, 3.65, P < 0.05). Conclusion The micronucleus rate has increased among the radiation workers exposed to low-level ionizing radiation for a long time. It is necessary to further strengthen occupational health monitoring and radiation protection education for radiation workers, especially the medical workers that constitute the largest population of radiation exposure workers.
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As a biocatalyst, enzyme has the advantages of high catalytic efficiency, strong reaction selectivity, specific target products, mild reaction conditions, and environmental friendliness, and serves as an important tool for the synthesis of complex organic molecules. With the continuous development of gene sequencing technology, molecular biology, genetic manipulation, and other technologies, the diversity of enzymes increases steadily and the reactions that can be catalyzed are also gradually diversified. In the process of enzyme-catalyzed synthesis, the majority of common enzymatic reactions can be achieved by single enzyme catalysis, while many complex reactions often require the participation of two or more enzymes. Therefore, the combination of multiple enzymes together to construct the multi-enzyme cascade reactions has become a research hotspot in the field of biochemistry. Nowadays, the biosynthetic pathways of more natural products with complex structures have been clarified, and secondary metabolic enzymes with novel catalytic activities have been identified, discovered, and combined in enzymatic synthesis of natural/unnatural molecules with diverse structures. This study summarized a series of examples of multi-enzyme-catalyzed cascades and highlighted the application of cascade catalysis methods in the synthesis of carbohydrates, nucleosides, flavonoids, terpenes, alkaloids, and chiral molecules. Furthermore, the existing problems and solutions of multi-enzyme-catalyzed cascade method were discussed, and the future development direction was prospected.
الموضوعات
Biological Products/chemistry , Catalysis , Alkaloids , Biocatalysisالملخص
Objective:To study the high risk factors of hypothermia in premature infants with gestational age ≤34 weeks, and to analyze the incidence of hypothermia before and after the implementation of the quality improvement program of hypothermia in hospital and its influence on various systemic complications, aiming to improve the early identification of hypothermia and to reveal the important clinical significance of temperature management in time.Methods:Clinical data of preterm infants born in Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Hubei Province from May 2017 to December 2018, with gestational age ≤34 weeks, and admitted within 1 hour after birth were collected.According to the admission temperature, the infants were divided into normal temperature group (36.5-37.5 ℃), mild hypothermia group (36.0-36.4 ℃), moderate hypothermia gsroup (32.0-35.9 ℃), and severe hypothermia group (<32.0 ℃). The high risk factors of hypothermia in premature infants were analyzed.The incidence and degree of hypothermia and the effects on the systemic complications before and after the implementation of the hypothermia quality improvement program were compared.Results:A total of 306 premature infants were enrolled in the study, including 63(20.6%)cases in the normal temperature group, 115(37.6%) cases in the mild hypothermia group, and 128(41.8%) cases in the moderate hypothermia group, without severe hypothermia.Infants with birth asphyxia were at higher risk for hypothermia( OR=0.195, 95% CI 0.046-0.833, P=0.027); the lower the Apgar score at 1 min( r=0.123, P=0.032)and 5 min after birth( r=0.136, P=0.017), the higher the risk of admission hypothermia.After the quality improvement project, the incidence of admission hypothermia decreased from 82.3% to 73.8%( χ2=32.67, P<0.001), and the use of pulmonary surfactant in infants with respiratory distress syndrome was significantly reduced(70.0% vs. 32.0%, χ2=40.11, P<0.001), and the incidence of hypotension within 72 hours after birth decreased(11.8% vs. 4.9%, χ2=3.87, P<0.049). Conclusion:Birth asphyxia is a risk factor for admission hypothermia in premature infants, and Apgar score is associated with admission hypothermia in premature infants.Temperature management of preterm infants can significantly reduce the incidence of hypothermia and hypotension, and reduce the use of pulmonary surfactant in respiratory distress syndrome infants.
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OBJECTIVE@#To determine whether miRNA-128-3p regulates malignant biological behavior of glioma cells by targeting KLHDC8A.@*METHODS@#Dual-luciferase reporter assays, qRT-PCR and Western blotting were used to verify the targeting of miRNA-128-3p to KLHDC8A. Edu assay, flow cytometry, Transwell assay and would healing assay were used to determine the effects of changes in miRNA-128-3p and KLHDC8A expression levels on malignant behavior of glioma cells. Rescue experiment was carried out to verify that miRNA-128-3p regulated glioma cell proliferation, apoptosis, invasion and migration by targeting KLHDC8A.@*RESULTS@#The expression level of KLHDC8A was significantly increased in high-grade glioma tissue and was closely related to a poor survival outcome of the patients. Overexpression of KLHDC8A promoted glioma cell proliferation, migration and invasion, and miRNA-128-3p overexpression inhibited proliferative and metastatic capacities of glioma cells. Mechanistically, KLHDC8A expression was directly modulated by miRNA-128-3p, which, by targeting KLHDC8A, inhibited malignant behavior of glioma cells.@*CONCLUSION@#Upregulation of miRNA-128-3p inhibits uncontrolled growth of glioma cells by negatively regulating KLHDC8A expression and its downstream effectors, suggesting that the miRNA-128-3p-KLHDC8A axis may serve as a potential prognostic indicator and a therapeutic target for developing new strategies for glioma treatment.
الموضوعات
Humans , Apoptosis , Cell Line, Tumor , Cell Movement , Cell Proliferation , Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic , Glioma/pathology , MicroRNAs/metabolism , Up-Regulationالملخص
Objective:To retrieve,evaluate and integrate the best evidence of pain management in emergency adult patients with trauma,and to provide references for clinical nursing practice.Methods:The best evidence of pain management in emergency adult patients with trauma were systematically searched in domestic and international databases.The retrieval period is from the establishment of databases to December,2022.There were 2 researchers evaluating the quality of the literature and extracting the data.Results:Total of 16 articles were selected,including 5 top clinical decisions,6 guidelines,3 expert consensuses,2 systematic review. 36 pieces of best evidence were formed from 6 aspects,including pain management principles, pain assessment methods, pain medication principles, pharmacological interventions, non pharmacological interventions and dynamic monitoring of pain management.Conclusions:Medical staff can formulate corresponding nursing measures in clinical applications based on the actual situation of trauma patients, and use scientific methods to solve the pain problem of emergency adult trauma patients and improve their quality of life.
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Objective:To investigate the post-traumatic growth status of patients with benign central airway stenosis undergoing interventional therapy, and analyze the influencing factors, so as to provide basis for the formulation of measures to improve the treatment tolerance and quality of life of patients.Methods:Patients with benign central airway stenosis treated by interventional therapy in the First Affiliated Hospital of Second Military Medical University from May 2020 to May 2022 were selected by convenient sampling. The general information questionnaire, Chinese Version of Post-traumatic Growth Inventory, Perceived Social Support Scale and Chronic Disease Patients′ Health Literacy Management Scale were used to conduct a cross-sectional survey. Multivariate linear regression was used to analyze the influencing factors of patients′ posttraumatic growth.Results:A total of 183 questionnaires were distributed, and 172 questionnaires were effectively collected, with an effective recovery rate of 93.99% (172/183). The posttraumatic growth score of 172 patients was (62.66 ± 9.54) points; Pearson correlation analysis showed that perceived social support, health literacy and post-traumatic growth were positively correlated ( r=0.483, 0.246, both P<0.05). Multivariate linear regression analysis showed that the degree of stenosis, the number of interventional therapy, social support, and health literacy were the main influencing factors for the post-traumatic growth of patients with benign central airway stenosis undergoing interventional therapy ( t values were -3.46-4.55, all P<0.05), could jointly explain 38.9% of the variation in post-traumatic growth scores. Conclusions:The post-traumatic growth of patients with benign airway stenosis undergoing interventional therapy is at a moderate level. The degree of stenosis and the number of interventional therapy are the limiting factors for post-traumatic growth. Systematic health education, social support and health literacy are conducive to more post-traumatic growth of patients. Medical staff can enhance patients' disease awareness, and provide more channels for acquiring disease knowledge through WeChat groups and WeChat official account, so as to promote patients' post-traumatic growth and reduce their painful experience during treatment.
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In this study, the mechanism of Xiaoyan Lidan formula (XYLDF) against 3,5-diethoxycarbonyl-1,4-dihydro-2,4,6-collidine (DDC)-induced chronic intrahepatic cholestasis (CIHC) in mice was investigated based on metabolomics, molecular docking and pharmacological methods. In the pharmacodynamics study, a dosage of 5 g·kg-1 (clinical equivalent) XYLDF was administered in DDC-induced mice, then the effect of XYLDF against CIHC was evaluated by measuring the levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (AKP) as well as total bilirubin (TBIL) in serum and observing liver histopathological changes. All experiments were approved by the Ethical Committee Experimental Animal Center of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine (ZYD-2021-001). The serum metabolites of mice in each group were detected and identified based on ultra-performance liquid chromatography quadrupole time-of-flight tandem mass spectrometry, and the relevant biological pathways and molecular key targets were further enriched. Molecular docking technology was used to further evaluate the binding activity of the main active ingredients of XYLDF with potential targets. Subsequently, the in vitro experiment was conducted for the validation of the vital target. The results showed that compared with the model group, XYLDF significantly decreased the levels of ALT, AST, AKP and TBIL in the serum of CIHC mice, as well as alleviated inflammatory infiltration and hepatocyte necrosis in liver tissue. According to the metabonomic study, a total of 35 differential metabolites was identified as biomarkers associated with cholestasis, 12 of which were significantly recovered by XYLDF treatment. These biomarkers were involved in the pathways of primary bile acid biosynthesis and linoleic metabolism, which are closely related to the mechanism of XYLDF against CIHC. Protein-protein interaction network indicated that cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A4) and cytochrome P450 1A1 (CYP1A1) are significant potential targets with good binding properties with six major active ingredients of XYLDF. Furthermore, it was found that 4-methoxy-5-hydroxycanthin-6-one, dehydroandrographolide and isodocarpin, three of the main active components in XYLDF, markedly induced the expression of CYP3A4 mRNA in vitro. This study revealed that XYLDF mainly mediates the biosynthesis of bile acids in CIHC mice to improve liver tissue lesions and bile efflux disorders, among which, CYP3A4 is the key target in the protection of XYLDF against CIHC. This research provides a reference for further elucidation of the pharmacological mechanism of XYLDF.
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OBJECTIVE@#To investigate the distribution and drug sensitivity of pathogenic bacteria isolated from patients in hematology department, in order to provide evidence for rational use of antibiotics in clinic.@*METHODS@#The distribution of pathogenic bacteria and drug sensitivity data of patients in the hematology department of The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University from 2015 to 2020 were retrospectively analyzed, and the pathogens isolated from different specimen types were compared.@*RESULTS@#A total of 2 029 strains of pathogenic bacteria were isolated from 1 501 patients in the hematology department from 2015 to 2020, and 62.2% of which were Gram-negative bacilli, mainly Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Stenotrophomonas maltophilia and Acinetobacter baumannii. Gram-positive coccus accounted for 18.8%, mainly Coagulase-negative staphylococcus (CoNS) and Staphylococcus aureus. Fungi (17.4%) were mainly candida. The 2 029 strains were mainly isolated from respiratory tract (35.1%), blood (31.8%) and urine (19.2%) specimens. Gram-negative bacilli were the main pathogenic bacteria in different specimen types (>60%). K. pneumoniae, S. maltophilia and A. baumannii were the most common pathogens in respiratory specimens, E. coli, CoNS, K. pneumoniae and P. aeruginosa were common in blood samples, and E. coli and Enterococcus were most common in urine samples. Enterobacteriaceae had the highest susceptibility to amikacin and carbapenems (>90.0%), followed by piperacillin/tazobactam. P. aeruginosa strains had high sensitivity to antibiotics except aztreonam (<50.0%). The susceptibility of A. baumannii to multiple antibiotics was less than 70.0%. The antimicrobial resistance rates of E. coli and K. pneumoniae in respiratory tract specimens were higher than those in blood specimens and urine specimens.@*CONCLUSION@#Gram-negative bacilli are the main pathogenic bacteria isolated from patients in hematology department. The distribution of pathogens is different in different types of specimens, and the sensitivity of each strain to antibiotics is different. The rational use of antibiotics should be based on different parts of infection to prevent the occurrence of drug resistance.
الموضوعات
Humans , Escherichia coli , Retrospective Studies , Bacteria , Anti-Bacterial Agents/therapeutic use , Gram-Negative Bacteria , Drug Resistance , Pseudomonas aeruginosa , Hematologyالملخص
Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a sleep disorder with a high incidence and severe impact on the human body, which can induce systemic chronic inflammatory responses. Chronic inflammation is an important cause of exacerbation of OSA and its associated complications. Nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-like receptor 3 (NLRP3) is an inflammasome that is widely found in epithelial cells and immune cells and plays an important role in inflammatory diseases as an important component of innate immunity. Research evidence suggests that the activation of NLRP3 inflammasomes can exacerbate the damage to neurons, endothelial cells, lung and kidney caused by OSA, and these effects can be eliminated by genetic or pharmacological deletion of NLRP3. Targeting inhibition of NLRP3 inflammasome may serve as a co-therapeutic strategy for OSA-induced related complications. This article reviews NLRP3 inflammasome and its mechanism in OSA-related concurrent diseases, which can provide scientific basis for prevention and intervention of OSA and its related complications.
الموضوعات
Humans , Inflammasomes , Endothelial Cells , NLR Family, Pyrin Domain-Containing 3 Protein , Inflammation , Sleep Apnea, Obstructive , Nucleotidesالملخص
Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a sleep disorder with a high incidence and severe impact on the human body, which can induce systemic chronic inflammatory responses. Chronic inflammation is an important cause of exacerbation of OSA and its associated complications. Nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-like receptor 3 (NLRP3) is an inflammasome that is widely found in epithelial cells and immune cells and plays an important role in inflammatory diseases as an important component of innate immunity. Research evidence suggests that the activation of NLRP3 inflammasomes can exacerbate the damage to neurons, endothelial cells, lung and kidney caused by OSA, and these effects can be eliminated by genetic or pharmacological deletion of NLRP3. Targeting inhibition of NLRP3 inflammasome may serve as a co-therapeutic strategy for OSA-induced related complications. This article reviews NLRP3 inflammasome and its mechanism in OSA-related concurrent diseases, which can provide scientific basis for prevention and intervention of OSA and its related complications.
الموضوعات
Humans , Inflammasomes , Endothelial Cells , NLR Family, Pyrin Domain-Containing 3 Protein , Inflammation , Sleep Apnea, Obstructive , Nucleotidesالملخص
Objective:To reveal the research hotspos and the dynamic frontier in feeding intolerance in critically ill patients.Method:We took feeding intolerance and critical illness as the theme, the CNKI and WOS core database as the research object, and used CiteSpace software as research tool, to conduct a visual atlas analysis on the research status and hotspos evolution at home and abroad. Results:There were totally 2 426 feeding intolerance related papers published, and quantity of publications increased year by year. Australia and some European and American countries are in a leading position. The institutions in the lead regarding scientific research level were Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide University, Louisville University, Repatriation General Hospital and Queens University. The researches mainly focused on the investigation of mechanism, symptom evaluation, and management of feeding intolerance .Conclusion:The feeding of critically ill patients has attracted more and more attention. In the future, we should further carry out high-quality and large-scale empirical research, explore new technologies and big data, and develop evidence-based prevention and management strategies for feeding intolerance.
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This study aims to construct a dynamic two-dimensional characterization technique for the hygroscopicity of traditional Chinese medicine extracts and investigate the effect of material properties of powders on hygroscopicity. The dynamic hygroscopicity-time curves of the powders were measured at 25 ℃ and 75% humidity, and the semi-equilibrium hygroscopicity time (t1/2) and equilibrium hygroscopicity (F∞) were derived as two-dimensional evaluation indicators. Finally, the correlation between the material properties and the hygroscopic behavior was analyzed by principal component analysis (PCA) and partial least squares analysis (PLS). The results showed that the dynamic two-dimensional characterization system of hygroscopicity constructed with 1/t1/2 = 0.1 h-1 and F∞ = 15% as the center can classify the hygroscopic behavior of traditional Chinese medicine extracts into four categories: fast hygroscopicity with strong hygroscopicity, slow hygroscopicity with strong hygroscopicity, fast hygroscopicity with weak hygroscopicity and slow hygroscopicity with weak hygroscopicity. The moisture absorption was negatively correlated with D50, D90, ρb and ρt; the moisture absorption rate was negatively correlated with D10, D50, D90, ρb, ρt, and positively correlated with moisture content. The hygroscopicity dynamic two-dimensional characterization indicators of Chinese medicine extracts (CMEs) constructed in this study matched with the physical properties. The method of dynamic multi-dimensional characterization technology is feasible and scientific, and the idea has strong promotional value.
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Objective:To investigate and analyze the cognition of medical staff on medical research ethics in a grade A tertiary hospital, combined with the current situation of practice, to provide a basis and ideas for exploring new educational models of medical research ethics.Methods:Medical staff in a grade A tertiary hospital were investigated through an anonymous questionnaire to collect and analyze their cognition of medical research ethics and the current situation of practice.Results:There were statistically significant differences ( P<0.05) in the cognition of medical research ethics among different educational backgrounds, majors, and professional titles. The survey results showed that doctors, medical staff with graduate degrees or above, and senior title personnel had better cognition of medical research ethics than nurses, medical staff with bachelor degrees or below, and intermediate or junior title personnel. Conclusions:The medical staff's cognition and practice of medical research ethics are still insufficient. Hospitals should pay attention to the education of medical research ethics and enrich the content and form of training to improve the ethical literacy of medical personnel.
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Depression is a common emotional mental disorder. Patients not only continuously showed depression, pessimism and apathy in mood, but also have gastrointestinal symptoms such as anorexia and constipation in body. Widely attention has been also received in the potential biological role of gut microbiota in the pathogenesis of depression. It plays an important role in the interaction between the intestine and the brain, not only affecting the intestinal barrier function, but also maintaining the homeostasis of host through the microbiota-gut-brain axis. In recent years, the traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has the advantages of obvious therapeutic effects and few side effects when treating neuropsychiatric diseases, such as depression. The pharmacological mechanism of TCM exerting antidepressant effects by regulating the structure of gut microbiota, reducing displacement, and maintaining the normal function of gut microbiota has been also widely concerned. By investigating the relevant literature in recent years, this paper summarizes the antidepressant effect of TCM in different directions such as Chinese medicine monomer, single medicine and compound medicine. And this paper reviews the antidepressant effects and mechanisms of TCM at different levels, such as the correction of gut microbiota structure, the regulation of immunity, the transplantation of gut microbiota and the regulation of its metabolites. This paper will provide a basis for further explaining the mechanism of gut microbiota in depression and the mechanism of antidepressant effect of TCM.
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Objective @#To explore the effect of ATP binding cassette subfamily A member 1 (ABCA1) on the inva- sion，migration and epithelial-mesenchymal transition(EMT) of human gastric cancer and investigate the underlying mechanism．@*Methods @#The expression of ABCA1 in human gastric cancer and its relationship with the prognosis of gastric cancer patients were analyzed by Bioinformatics analysisbased on network databases. RT-qPCR was per- formed to detect the expression of ABCA1 in 25 pairs of clinical gastric cancer tissue samples ; RT-qPCR and West- ern blot were used to analyze the expression of ABCA1 in different human gastric cancer cell lines ; Gene silencing technology was used to construct stable low-expressing ABCA1 gastric cancer cell line．Cell migration and invasion were determined by transwell assay ; Western blot was used to detect the expression of related marker proteins in EMT and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) / signal transducer and activator of transcription(STAT3) signa- ling pathway. @*Results @#The results of bioinformatics analysis indicated that ABCA1 was highly expressed in gastric cancer，which was positively correlated with advanced grade and stage as well as the poor prognosis of gastric canc- er patients. RT-qPCR results showed that ABCA1 was highly expressed in gastric cancer tissues and gastric cancer cells HGC-27 ; The results of Transwell indicated that knockdown of ABCA1 could inhibit the invasion and migra- tion of HGC-27 cells．Western blot results showed that the expression of mesenchymal cell marker proteins (Vimen- tin，N-Cadherin) and EMT-related transcription factors (Twist，Zeb1 and Snail) in the ABCA1 knockdown group was down-regulated，while the expression of epithelial cell marker protein E-Cadherin was up-regulated．Western blot results showed that compared with the control group，knockdown of ABCA1 inhibited the expression of EGFR downstream molecule STAT3，and reduced the phosphorylation level of EGFR and its downstream molecule STAT3 . @*Conclusion @#ABCA1 is up-regulated in gastric cancer and is correlated with cell invasion，migration，EMT and in- dicate poor prognosis of gastric cancer patients．ABCA1 may affect the expression and activation of STAT3 by regu- lating EGFR , thereby inhibiting the invasion，migration and EMT of gastric cancer cells.
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Literature has revealed that the delta opioid receptor (DOR) exhibited diverse pharmacological effects on neuron and skin. In the present study, we have investigated whether the activation of DOR has hair-growth promotion effects. Compared with other opioid receptor, DOR was highly expressed in epidermal component of hair follicle in human and rodents. The expression of DOR was high in the anagen phase, but it was low in the catagen and telogen phases during mouse hair cycle. Topical application of UFP-512, a specific DOR agonist, significantly accelerated the induction of the anagen in C 3H mice. Topical application of UFP-512 also increased the hair length in hair organ cultures and promoted the proliferation and the migration of outer root sheath (ORS) cells. Similarly, pharmacological inhibition of DOR by naltrindole significantly inhibited the anagen transition process and decreased hair length in hair organ cultures. Thus, we further examined whether Wnt/β-catenin pathway was related to the effects of DOR on hair growth. We found that Wnt/β-catenin pathway was activated by UFP-512 and siRNA for β-catenin attenuated the UFP-512 induced proliferation and migration of ORS cells. Collectively, result established that DOR was involved in hair cycle regulation, and that DOR agonists such as UFP-512 should be developed for novel hair-loss treatment.
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@#With the rapid development of biopharmaceuticals, therapeutic monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) are widely accepted due to their low side-effects and high therapeutic efficacy. Individual differences in the response to mAb drugs put forward new requirements for therapeutic drug monitoring of antibody drugs.Therefore, the need for accurate and robust bioanalytical methods is increasing.Recently, LC-MS/MS has been gaining increasing interest in the field of large molecules.In this article, the recent advances in this emerging field are reviewed, along with common issues and analytical approaches.Thus, this review article is helpful for better understanding the advance of LC-MS/MS technique in the field of therapeutic drug monitoring for mAbs.
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At present, the modernization of Chinese medicine preparations (CMPs) is still a challenging task. The 3 typical Chinese medicine materials (CMMs) used for preparing CMPs are the powders, extracts, and components of Chinese medicine and their properties of CMMs are important for designing CMPs. Basing on our long term research, we have established a property system for CMMs according to the state of CMMs under an exactly condition and according to the interaction characteristics between substances. The property system could be divided into 5 categories: material composition, spatial structure, body property, surface property, physicochemical properties, and they could also be divided into 18 subcategories. Furthermore, we also established the corresponding index and characterization system, where the 61 indexes and characterization techniques were systematically summarized. At last, we hope that the article will promote the modernization of CMPs.
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This study was designed to investigate the correlations of the spatial structure properties of Chinese medicinal extracts with hygroscopicity and the anti-hygroscopic techniques. With Poria extract used as the model drug, pregelatinised starch and microcrystalline cellulose at different ratios were added into Poria fluid extract for preparing powder particles with diverse spatial structures using different drying processes. Then, their hygroscopic behaviours were characterized by equilibrium hygroscopicity(F~∞) and semi-hygroscopic time(t_(1/2)). The correlations of the hygroscopicity of each powder with the spatial structure properties such as particle size(D_(90)), porosity(ε), true density(ρ_t), and surface element distribution were analyzed using partial least-squares method. The F~∞ and t_(1/2) values of Poria extract prepared by three drying methods were sorted in a descending order as follows: F~∞(spray drying>drying at ordinary pressure>drying at reduced pressure); t_(1/2)(drying at reduced pressure>drying at ordinary pressure>spray drying). The powder obtained by spray drying showed a spherical structure with the smallest particle size and intra-particle ε but relatively stronger hygroscopicity. The large-scale surface element enrichment of the powders dried by reduced pressure effectively reduced their hygroscopicity. F~∞ and t_(1/2) were negatively correlated with ε but positively with D_(90), and the interactive influence of each spatial structural properties was not significant. There existed a correlation between the spatial structure of the powder particles of Chinese medicine extracts and their hygroscopicity, and the hygroscopicity could be improved by designing the spatial structure. This study has provided some practical basis for developing the moisture-proof technology of Chinese medicinal preparations.
الموضوعات
China , Particle Size , Plant Extracts , Powders , Technology , Wettabilityالملخص
Objective To analyze the expression level of microRNA-141-3p (miR-141-3) in patients with intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH), and explore the effect and mechanism of miR-141-3p on cerebral hemorrhage injury in rats. Methods Forty patients with ICH and 40 healthy controls in total were enrolled in this study. The expression of miR- 141-3p in peripheral blood serum was determined by the Real-time PCR method. The target relationship between miR-141- 3p and NOD-like receptor 3 (NLRP3) 3′ UTR was confirmed by dual luciferase reporter assay. miR-141-3p agonist and agonist NC were injected into rats via the lateral ventricle, respectively. On day 7 after treatment, the neurological function score was evaluated, and then all rats were killed to obtain brain tissue. Brain water content was examined by the dried and wet mass. HE staining was conducted to observe the pathological changes of cerebral tissue. The mRNA expressions of NLRP3 and miR-141-3p were detected by Real-time PCR. The protein expression of interleukin (IL)-lβ, IL-6 and IL-18 were detected by Western blotting analysis. Results The expression of miR-141-3p in serum of ICH patients was significantly down-regulated compared to healthy controls and negatively correlated with the severity of edema around the hematoma [(0.068±0.038) vs (0.520±0.028), t = 15.93, P<0.001; r =-0.8948, -0.9434 to-0.8087, P<0.001 ]. The result of luciferase reporter assay showed that miR-141-3p was related to the regulation of NLRP3 gene expression. The relative expression levels of miR-141-3p in agonist group were significantly higher than those in the agonist NC group (P< 0.001), while the expression levels of NLRP3, IL-lβ, IL-6 and IL-18 were significantly lower than those in the agonist NC group (P< 0.001). Compared with the agonist NC group, the cerebral water content reduced significantly (P< 0.001), and the neurological function score was significantly improved on the day 7 after treatment in agonist group (P< 0.001). The result of HE staining showed that injection of miR-141-3p in ICH rats could reduced the severity of edema around the hematoma. Conclusion MiR-141-3p alleviates ICH-induced inflammatory injury in rat possibly by modulating miR-141-3p.