The role and mechanisms of cordycepin in inhibiting cancer cells

With the escalating incidence and mortality rates of cancer, there is an ever-growing emphasis on the research of anticancer drugs. Cordycepin, the primary nucleoside antibiotic isolated from Cordyceps militaris, has emerged as a remarkable agent for cancer prevention and treatment. Functioning as a natural targeted antitumor drug, cordycepin assumes an increasingly pivotal role in cancer therapy. This review elucidates the mechanisms of cordycepin in inhibiting tumor cell proliferation, inducing apoptosis, as well as its capabilities in suppressing angiogenesis and metastasis. Moreover, the immunomodulatory effects of cordycepin in cancer treatment are explored. Additionally, the current status, challenges, and future prospects of cordycepin application in clinical trials are briefly discussed. The objective is to provide a valuable reference for the utilization of cordycepin in cancer treatment.

Functional connectivity and regional spontaneous brain activity in a minimally-conscious state / 中华物理医学与康复杂志

Objective:To explore the characteristics of functional connectivity (FC) and regional spontaneous brain activity in patients in a minimally-conscious state (MCS).Methods:Resting-state functional near-infrared spectroscopy (rs-fNIRS) was used. Ten minimally-conscious patients were studied along with 12 healthy counterparts as healthy controls (HC). Five minutes of rs-fNIRS data were recorded from each subject and FC and the fractional amplitude of low-frequency fluctuations (fALFFs) of 53 channels were computed using the NIRS-KIT toolbox. The results were compared between the two groups.Results:Compared with the HC group, a significant decrease was observed in the average FC strength of seventeen channel pairs after false discovery rate (FDR) correction. Most were in the right and left frontal pole, as well as the dorsolateral prefrontal lobe. Compared with the HC group, the average fALFF values of Broca′s area (channel 2), the premotor cortex and the supplementary motor cortex (channels 4, 10, and 40), the dorsolateral prefrontal lobe (channels 6, 11, 25, 39), the eye motor area of the frontal lobe (channel 12) and the frontal pole (channels 23, 27, 36) were significantly greater in the MCS group. The fluctuations of the frontal pole (channel 19) were significantly less (after FDR correction).Conclusion:In an MCS spontaneous neural activity is over-active in the prefrontal lobe and some speech- and motor-related brain regions, and coordination of the internal prefrontal functional network is disordered.

UHPLC-Q-Orbitrap/MS-based analysis of saponins from Panacis Quinquefolii Radix of different origins / 中成药

AIM To analyze saponins from Panacis Quinquefolii Radix of different regions(Jilin,Liaoning,Heilongjiang,Shandong)based on UHPLC-Q-Orbitrap/MS technology.METHODS Panacis Quinquefolii Radix had its saponins qualitatively analyzed by UHPLC-Q-Orbitrap/MS;and its differential saponins revealing different regions screened by the principal component analysis,orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis and differential component analysis.RESULTS A total of 62 saponins were identified;saponin variations due to the growth areas verified by the principal component analysis;and 28 differential saponins including 13 protopanaxadiol,6 protopanaxatriol,4 oleanolane,2 oxytetracycline,and 3 C-17 side chain variants further screened by orthogonal partial least-squares discriminant analysis model.The relative contents of protopanaxadiol-type and protopanaxatriol-type saponins in the four producing areas reduced following the order of Liaoning,Jilin,Heilongjiang,and Shandong.CONCLUSION This simple,accurate and efficient method provides a theoretical basis for the quality evaluation of Panacis Quinquefolii Radix.

Research progress in the effects of intraocular pressure-lowering drugs on the ocular surface of glaucoma patients / 国际眼科杂志(Guoji Yanke Zazhi)

Glaucoma is a chronic optic neuropathy that affects the retinal ganglion cells, characterized by optic disc atrophy, visual field defects, and visual acuity loss. Since glaucoma is a chronic disease, long-term use of topical intraocular pressure-lowering medications often leads to ocular surface diseases, thus reducing medication adherence and ultimately affecting treatment efficacy. Currently, topical intraocular pressure-lowering medications include prostaglandin derivatives, β-adrenergic blockers, α-adrenergic agonists, topical carbonic anhydrase inhibitors, and cholinergic drugs. This article provides a comprehensive review of the effects and related mechanisms of these five antiglaucoma medications on the ocular surface of glaucoma patients and offers preventative measures for the protection of ocular surface in glaucoma patients.

Molecular epidemiological study on rubella virus circulating in Yunnan Province during 2011-2021 / 中华预防医学杂志

Objective: To understand the genotype distribution and transmission pattern of rubella virus (RuV) circulating in Yunnan Province. Methods: Throat swab samples were collected from rubella outbreaks and sporadic cases in nine prefectures/cities of Yunnan Province from 2011 to 2021. Virus isolation, amplification of target genes and sequence determination were performed on the RuV-positive samples. The genotypes and lineages of Yunnan strains were determined by comparing them with the reference strains, and further phylogenetic analysis was performed with Yunnan strains and strains circulating in other provinces of China during the same period. Results: RuV circulating in Yunnan province during 2011-2021 showed significant genetic diversity, and three lineages, 1E-L1, 2B-L1 and 1E-L2, were detected. Two lineage-switches were also identified, including the conversion of 1E-L1 to 2B-L1 between 2012 and 2013, and the replacement of 2B-L1 to 1E-L2 after 2018. The time of the switches was basically consistent with the outbreak in Yunnan province in 2012 and the time of the rubella reemergence and epidemic between 2018 and 2019. The amino acid sequence of RuV virus strains in Yunnan province was highly conserved, and no important functional regions were changed. Conclusions: The transmission pattern of RuV in Yunnan province is generally consistent with the epidemic trend of RuV in other provinces of China.

Molecular epidemiological study on rubella virus circulating in Yunnan Province during 2011-2021 / 中华预防医学杂志

Objective: To understand the genotype distribution and transmission pattern of rubella virus (RuV) circulating in Yunnan Province. Methods: Throat swab samples were collected from rubella outbreaks and sporadic cases in nine prefectures/cities of Yunnan Province from 2011 to 2021. Virus isolation, amplification of target genes and sequence determination were performed on the RuV-positive samples. The genotypes and lineages of Yunnan strains were determined by comparing them with the reference strains, and further phylogenetic analysis was performed with Yunnan strains and strains circulating in other provinces of China during the same period. Results: RuV circulating in Yunnan province during 2011-2021 showed significant genetic diversity, and three lineages, 1E-L1, 2B-L1 and 1E-L2, were detected. Two lineage-switches were also identified, including the conversion of 1E-L1 to 2B-L1 between 2012 and 2013, and the replacement of 2B-L1 to 1E-L2 after 2018. The time of the switches was basically consistent with the outbreak in Yunnan province in 2012 and the time of the rubella reemergence and epidemic between 2018 and 2019. The amino acid sequence of RuV virus strains in Yunnan province was highly conserved, and no important functional regions were changed. Conclusions: The transmission pattern of RuV in Yunnan province is generally consistent with the epidemic trend of RuV in other provinces of China.

Analysis of 6 cases with hepatocerebral mitochondrial DNA depletion syndrome and literature review / 中华儿科杂志

Objective: To explore the clinical features of hepatocerebral mitochondrial DNA depletion syndrome (MDS). Methods: The clinical data of 6 hepatocerebral MDS patients diagnosed in the Jinshan Hospital of Fudan University from January 2012 to December 2019 were retrospectively collected and analyzed. Related literature published before January 2020 were searched with the key words of "DGUOK""MPV17""POLG""C10orf2" in PubMed, China national knowledge infrastructure (CNKI) and Wanfang database. Results: All the 6 hepatocerebral MDS cases were male. The age of onset ranged from 3 days to 8 months. The most common initial symptoms were cholestasis and developmental retrogression. The main clinical manifestations included hepatomegaly (4 cases), hypotonia (3 cases), growth retardation (4 cases), cholestasis (5 cases), coagulopathy (5 cases), hypoalbuminemia (3 cases), hypoglycemia (4 cases), hyperlactacidemia (5 cases), and abnormal blood metabolism screening (6 cases). The isotope hepatobiliary imaging revealed no gallbladder and intestinal tract development within 24 hours in 2 patients. Regarding the cranial imaging examination, the head CT found widening of the extracranial space in 1 case, the brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) found ventricular enlargement in 2 cases, and the brain ultrasound found peripheral white matter injury in 1 case. Two cases were lost to follow-up, one died of liver failure, and three died of multiple organ failure due to aggravated infection. Among the 6 cases, there were 3 with MPV17 variation (c.182T>C and c.279G>C were novel), 1 with POLG variation (c.2993G>A was novel), 1 with DGUOK variation (c.679G>A homozygous mutation, parthenogenetic diploid of chromosome 2) and 1 with C10orf2 variation (c.1186C>T and c.1504C>T were novel). The literature review found that 129, 100, 51 and 12 cases of hepatocerebral MDS were caused by DGUOK, MPV17, POLG and C10orf2 gene variations, respectively. And the most common clinical manifestations were liver dysfunction presented with cholestasis and elevated transaminase, metabolic disorders including hypoglycemia and hyperlactacidemia, and diverse neurologic symptoms including developmental retardation, hypotonia, epilepsy and peripheral neuropathy. Besides, 1/3 of the patients with C10orf2 variation developed renal tubular injury. Conclusions: Hepatocerebral MDS mainly present with liver dysfunction, metabolic disorder and neuromuscular impairment. Different genotypes show specific clinical manifestations.

Clinical features of sodium taurocholate cotransporting polypeptide deficiency and an analysis of SLC10A1 gene mutation / 临床肝胆病杂志

Objective To investigate the clinical and gene mutation features of sodium taurocholate cotransporting polypeptide (NTCP) deficiency. Methods A total of 10 children, aged 50%). Second-generation gene sequencing showed that all 10 children had a homozygous mutation of the SLC10A1 gene, i.e., c.800C > T(p.Ser267Phe, chr14∶70245193). Conclusion Although NTCP deficiency often has no symptoms, some of the children may manifest as infant cholestasis in the early stage. The possibility of NTCP deficiency should be considered when there is persistent hypercholanemia and the changing trend of serum TBA is not consistent with that of other liver function parameters.

Meta-analysis of macular microcirculation in patients with no diabetic retinopathy evaluated by OCTA / 国际眼科杂志(Guoji Yanke Zazhi)

AIM: Meta-analysis was performed to systematically evaluate the macular vessel density(VD)and foveal avascular zone(FAZ)areas in patients with no diabetic retinopathy(NDR)by using optical coherence tomography angiography(OCTA). This study aimed to investigate the microcirculatory characteristics of the retina in the early stage of diabetes.METHODS: PubMed, Embase, Web of Science and Cochrane Library databases were searched for publications from 1 January, 2011 to 5 January, 2021 on OCTA analysis of VD in different regions of the macular area in diabetic patients with NDR. Compare the differences in the superficial parafoveal VD(spafVD), superficial perifoveal VD(spefVD), deep parafoveal VD(dpafVD), deep perifoveal vessel density(dpefVD), superficial FAZ area and best corrected visual acuity(BCVA)between NDR group and the normal control group(healthy population matched for the age at the same time and gender with patients in the NDR group).RESULTS: Thirteen publications with a total of 1 227 eyes(558 eyes in normal control group and 669 eyes in NDR group)were included in the study. Meta-analysis showed that compared with the control group, NDR group displayed a significant decrease in spafVD(MD=-1.90, 95%CI: -2.43--1.37, P<0.00001), spefVD(MD=-1.29, 95%CI: -2.14--0.44, P=0.003), dpafVD(MD=-2.18, 95%CI: -2.69--1.67, P<0.00001)and dpefVD(MD=-2.37, 95%CI: -3.27--1.46, P<0.00001), with a more significant reduction in dpefVD, and superficial FAZ area(MD=0.04, 95%CI: 0.03-0.06, P<0.00001)was increased. There was no difference in BCVA(MD=0.00, 95%CI: -0.01-0.02, P=0.44)between the two groups.CONCLUSION:Capillary injury in the deep perifoveal region of the macular area is the earliest manifestation of retinal microcirculation disturbance in diabetic patients, and is also a key indicator for clinical follow-up of diabetic retinopathy.

Endoscopic submucosal dissection for early hypopharyngeal carcinoma and precancerous lesions / 中华消化内镜杂志

Objective:To evaluate the efficacy and safety of endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) for early hypopharyngeal carcinoma and precancerous lesions.Methods:Clinical data of 41 patients who received ESD for early hypopharyngeal carcinoma and precancerous lesions from August 2013 to August 2019 in the Department of Endoscopy of Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College were retrospectively analyzed. Main outcome measurements included operation completion rate, operation time, en bloc resection rate, R0 resection rate, complication rate and recurrence.Results:ESD was successfully completed in all 41 cases, with a success rate of 100.0% and a mean time of 49.1 min (ranged 10-110 min). Fifty-four lesions underwent en bloc resection, with an en bloc resection rate of 98.2% (54/55), of which 41 had negative horizontal and vertical margins, and the R0 resection rate was 74.5% (41/55). During the operation of 55 lesions, there was a small amount of blood oozing on the wound surface, and electrocoagulation with thermal biopsy forceps could successfully stop the bleeding. No perforation occurred, and 2 cases (4.3%) had delayed bleeding after ESD, and hemostasis was successful under emergency endoscopy. Postoperative endoscopy showed that 1 case (2.2%) had esophageal entrance stenosis, and the obstruction was relieved after repeated water balloon dilatation. The follow-up period ranged from 3 to 72 months, and the median time was 18 months. One case was found to have mucosal lesions in the same part of the hypopharynx and received ESD treatment again. Follow-up to October 2020, no residual lesions and recurrence were found.Conclusion:ESD is a safe and effective option for the treatment of early hypopharyngeal carcinoma and precancerous lesions, which is worthy of clinical application.

Effects of bioactive glass on proliferation, differentiation and angiogenesis of human umbilical vein endothelial cells / 北京大学学报(医学版)

OBJECTIVE@#To investigate the effects of phytic acid derived bioactive P2O5-SiO2-CaO gel-glasses (PSC) on the proliferation, differentiation and angiogenesis of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) in vitro.@*METHODS@#HUVECs were cultured in PSC extracts, which were prepared with endothelial cell medium (ECM) at a gradient concentration of 0.01, 0.1, 1 and 2 g/L. Cells cultured in ECM were used as the control. The effect of PSC on HUVECs proliferation was assessed on the 1st, 3rd, 5th, 7th and 10th days with (4, 5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl) 2, 5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay (MTT), and the optimum PSC concentration for HUVECs proliferation was used in the following experiments. The subsequent experiments were divided into two groups. The experimental group used PSC extracts to culture HUVECs (PSC group) and the control group used ECM to culture HUVECs (ECM group). Gene expression of angiogenic factors, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF), was detected on the 2nd, 4th and 7th days by real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (real-time RT-PCR). The morphology and number of tubules formation were observed at the 4th and 10th hours. Image J software was used for counting and quantitative analysis.@*RESULTS@#The results of MTT assay showed that 0.1 g/L PSC group had the most significant effect on promoting HUVECs proliferation. The optical density values of 0.1 g/L PSC group on the 5th and 7th days were significantly higher than those of the other PSC groups and the control group (P < 0.05). The result of real-time RT-PCR showed that 0.1 g/L PSC extract up-regulated the mRNA expression of VEGF and bFGF significantly (P < 0.05). On the 4th day, the gene expressions of VEGF and bFGF in PSC group were 1.59 and 1.45 times higher than those in ECM group respectively, and on the 7th day, the gene levels of VEGF and bFGF in PSC group were 1.98 and 1.37 times higher than those in ECM group respectively. The tubule formation assay showed that the maturity and density of the tubules in 0.1 g/L PSC group was much better than that in the ECM group at the 10th hour. The quantitative analysis by Image J indicated that the tubules number in PSC group (29.63±2.29) was higher than in the ECM group (20.13±2.36), with statistical significance (P < 0.05).@*CONCLUSION@#PSC showed significant promoting effects on HUVECs' proliferation, differentiation and angiogenesis in vitro.

Research on regulatory effect of lncRNA-ZFASl on myocardial fibrosis / 中国药理学通报

Aim To explore the regulatory effect of lncRNA-ZFASl on myocardial fibrosis. Methods The mouse model of myocardial fibrosis was established by ligating the left anterior descending coronary artery of heart; the lncRNA-ZFASl cardiac-specific transgenic mice were constructed by CRISPR/Cas9 technology. Masson staining was used to detect the fibrosis of heart tissues ; angiotensin E ( Ang H ) was added to cardiac fibroblasts to establish an in vitro myocardial fibrosis model, and siRNA was transfected to knock down lncRNA-ZFASl ; MTT method was used to detect the proliferation of cardiac fibroblasts; real-time quantitative PCR ( qRT-PCR ) was used to detect the expression of lncRNA-ZFASl, transforming growth factor ßl (TGFßl), type I collagen (Collai) and type M col¬lagen (Col3al). Western blot was used to detect a-SMA expression. Results In cardiac tissues of myo¬cardial fibrosis model mice, the expression of lncRNA-ZFASl significantly increased. Knocking down of lncRNA-ZFASl significantly reduced the expression of CoBal and TGFßl in Ang II treated cardiac fibroblasts. Collagen deposition appeared in cardiac tissues of lncRNA-ZFASl transgenic mice, and the expression of a-SMA, Collai and CoBal markedly increased. Conclusions The high expression of lncRNA-ZFASl in heart tissues could induce myocardial fibrosis, and knocking down lncRNA-ZFASl could alleviate myocardial fibrosis.

Mediating effect of psychological resilience and depression between childhood abuse and relapse tendency of drug abusers / 中华行为医学与脑科学杂志

Objective:To explore the influence of childhood abuse experience on relapse tendency of compulsory drug abusers, and the intermediary role of resilience and depression between them.Methods:A total of 261 drug abusers were investigated with childhood trauma questionnaire(CTQ), the Connor-Davidson resilience scale (CD-RISC), self-rating depression scale (SDS) and relapse tendency psychological questionnaire.All data processing and analysis were carried out by SPSS 25.0 software.Correlation analysis, Bootstrap analysis and other methods were used to test the mediating effect.Results:The scores of childhood abuse treatment, resilience, depression and relapse tendency were 44.690±18.550, 60.210±22.790, 48.370±12.450, and 15.300±9.833 respectively.Childhood abuse was negatively correlated with resilience( r=-0.396, P<0.01), and positively correlated with depression and relapse tendency( r=0.584, 0.298, P<0.01).Resilience was negatively correlated with depression and relapse tendency( r=-0.558, -0.147, P<0.05).Depression had a significant positive correlation with relapse tendency( r=0.286, P<0.01).Childhood abuse could directly predict the tendency of relapse( β=0.202, P<0.01), and it could also affect the tendency of relapse through the mediation of depression( β=0.082, 95% CI=0.007-0.165) and the chain mediation of resilience and depression( β=0.029, 95% CI=0.002-0.064). Conclusion:The experience of childhood abuse leads to the decrease of resilience of strong abstinence personnel and increases the level of depression, which finally increases the tendency of relapse.

Evaluation of diagnosis and treatment by laparoscopic pyelolithotomy combined withresection biopsy for renal pelvic neoplasm with staghorn nephrolithiasis / 中华泌尿外科杂志

Three cases of renal pelvic neoplasm associated with staghorn calculi were enrolled to the study from March 2015 to June 2019. All patients underwent minimally invasive procedures previously including extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL), flexible ureteroscopic lithotripsy(FURL), or percutaneous nephrolithotripsy (PCNL). 3 patients of renal pelvic neoplasm with giant staghorn calculus were diagnosed by resection biopsy during laparoscopic pyelolithotomy intraoperatively and then treated by laparoscopic radical nephroureterectomy (LRNU). Case 1 was identified retroperitoneal lymph node metastasis 16 months after operation. Case 2 and 3 remained disease free. The timely diagnosis of renal pelvic neoplasm associated with staghorn calculi is always difficult, nevertheless, the laparoscopic pyelolithotomy with resection biopsy intraoperatively can be more effective in selected cases compared with routine endoscopic biopsy.

Effect of bioactive glass pretreatment on the durability of dentin bonding interface / 北京大学学报(医学版)

OBJECTIVE@#To study the effect of bioactive glass (BG) on the dentin bond strength and the microleakage of hybrid layer.@*METHODS@#In the study, 30 dentin planes were prepared from the third molars with no caries and equally assigned to the control group, BG group, and sodium trimetaphosphate (STMP)-polyacrylic acid (PAA)-BG group (S-P-BG group), randomly. After etched with 35% phosphoric acid, the dentin planes of BG group were pretreated with 0.5 g/L BG, and the dentin planes of S-P-BG group were pretreated with 5% STMP, 5% PAA and 0.5 g/L BG. No additional pretreatment was done to the dentin planes of control group. Then the dentin planes were bonded using 3M Single Bond 2 adhesive to 3M Z350XT composite resin, and cut into 0.9 mm×0.9 mm column samples, which were stored at 37 ℃ artificial saliva (AS). After 24 hours, 1 month, and 3 months, the microtensile bond strength test was performed. The data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA and LSD method. The morphology of the bond fracture interface was observed with scanning electron microscope. Other 27 teeth were collected and the enamel layer and roots cut off, with the pulp chamber exposed. 0.1% rhodamine B was added to the 3M Single Bond 2 adhesive, and then the adhesive was applied to complete the bonding procedures as above. The teeth were stored in 37 ℃ AS for 24 hours, 1 month, 3 months, and then 0.1% sodium fluorescein solution was placed in the chambers and stained for 1 hour. Confocal laser scanning microscopy was used to observe the interface morphology and microleakage of the hybrid layer.@*RESULTS@#At the end of 24 hours and 1 month, there was no significant difference in the microtensile bond strength among the three groups (P>0.05). After 3 months of soaking, the S-P-BG group [(36.91±7.07) MPa] had significantly higher microtensile bond strength than the control group [(32.73±8.06) MPa] (P=0.026); For the control group and the BG group, the microtensile bond strength significantly decreased at the end of 3 months compared with 24 hours (control group: P=0.017, BG group: P=0.01); The microtensile bond strength of S-P-BG group af the end of 3 months had no significant difference in compared with 24 hours [(37.99±7.98) MPa] (P>0.05). Observation of the fracture surface at the 24 hours showed no obvious mineralization in all the three groups. After 1 and 3 months, mineral formation was observed in BG group and S-P-BG group, and no obvious collagen exposure was observed in S-P-BG group. Confocal laser scanning microscopy revealed no obvious differences in the morphology and quantity of the resin tag in the control group, BG group and S-P-BG group. At the end of 24 hours, leakage was found in all the three groups. The microleakage of the control group increased at the end of 3 months, while the microleakage of the BG and S-P-BG groups decreased.@*CONCLUSION@#BG pretreatment of dentin bonding interface can induce mineralization at the bonding interface and reduce the microleakage of the hybrid layer; pretreating the dentin bonding interface with STMP, PAA and BG may enhance the maintaining of the dentin bonding durability.

Analysis of viral nucleic acid and cytokines in 12 children with 2019-nCoV infection / 中华微生物学和免疫学杂志

Objective:To analyze the viral nucleic acid and cytokines in 12 children with 2019-nCoV infection.Methods:Clinical and laboratory data of the children diagnosed with 2019-nCoV infection in Guangzhou Women and Children′s Medical Center from January to April 2020 were retrospectively analyzed. Throat and anal swabs were collected on alternate days for the detection of 2019-nCoV nucleic acid by fluorescence quantitative PCR. Flow cytometry was used to detect serum cytokines including IFN-γ, IL-1β, IL-2, IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, IL-12p70, IL-17A, IL-17F, IL-22, TNF-α and TNF-β during the early (both throat and anal swab tests were positive), the intermediate (throat swab test was negative, while anal swab test remained positive), and the convalescence (both throat and anal swab tests were negative) stages of infection.Results:A total of 12 children were enrolled in this study. The male-to-female ratio was 5∶1. The average age was (7.0±4.3) years. There were two asymptomatic, five mild and five common cases. No severe or critical cases were involved. Initially, throat and anal swab nucleic acid tests were simultaneously positive in nine children newly diagnosed in our hospital and the median time of viral shedding in throat swab was longer than that in throat swab [32 (4.5, 45.0) d vs 3 (2, 9) d, Z=11.0, P=0.010]. The median difference of viral shedding time between anal swab and pharyngeal swab was 25.5 (1.5, 42.8) d. The overall levels of serum cytokines IL-17A, IL -4 and IL-5 in different stages of the disease (early, intermediate and convalescence stage) were statistically different ( Z or F, P values were 8.33, 0.016; 5.36, 0.010 and 6.56, 0.004, respectively), and a significant increase was observed in the intermediate stage of infection. IL-17F, IL-2 and IL-22 were all increased during the infection, but there was no significant statistical difference among the three stages ( P>0.05). Conclusions:It was noted that intestinal viral shedding needed a longer time. Although the infectivity has not been determined, higher requirements have been put forward for disease prevention and control. Cytokines secreted by Th2 and Th17 cells were involved in the immune response in children with non-severe 2019-nCoV infection. Monitoring viral shedding and cytokine changes in pediatric patients would be conducive to disease assessment.

Comparative Study on Dpph Free Radical Scavenging Activity of 25 Kinds of Traditional Chinese Medicinal Plants

Aims: To determine and compare the antioxidant activity of water and ethanol extract of 25 kinds of traditional chinese medicinal plants. Results: The ethanol extract of 4 kinds of medicinal herbs had the strongest scavenging activity. They were Magnolia officinalis, Rheum officinale, Psoralea corylifolia and Radix Bupleuri. In addtion, Rheum laciniatum, Chrysanthemum morifolium, Magnolia officinalis and Salvia miltiorrhiza had the strongest scavenging activity of their water extract. On the basis of the above comparison, we evaluated EC50 and total phenolic content of their ethanol extract. The EC50 of Magnolia officinalis, Rheum officinale, Psoralea corylifolia and Radix Bupleuri were 2.75mg·mL-1, 11.82mg·mL-1, 25.22mg·mL-1and 42.67mg·mL-1. The total phenlic content of them were 4.80μg·L-1 , 1.19μg·L-1, 1.07μg·L-1 and 0.75μg·L-1, respectively. Conclusion: The results showed the correlation between the antioxidant activity and the total phenol content. Furthermore, the reaction time of the DPPH test affected the free radical scavenging, which reflected the difference of the extract component would impact the test method.

Grade Standard of Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma Pieces / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Objective: On the basis of traditional experience identification,and appearance characteristics and intrinsic index components of Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma pieces,a comprehensive evaluation was carried out to explore the method of grading Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma pieces and establish grading standards. Method: Based on the investigation of 44 batches of Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma pieces,including their properties,glycyrrhizin content and ammonium glycyrrhizinate content,Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma pieces were classified according to the market grading to establish the grading standards. Result: Based on the above data,the Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma pieces were classified into four grades. First-class:average diameter>1.66 mm,average weight>0.54 g,glycyrrhizin content>1.10%,glycyrrhizic acid content>2.12%. Second-class:the average diameter is between 1.40-1.66 mm,the average weight is between 0.42-0.54 g,the content of glycyrrhizin is between 0.74%-1.10%,and the content of glycyrrhizic acid is between 1.95%-2.12%. Third-class:the average diameter is between 1.07-1.40 mm,the average weight is between 0.29-0.42 g,the content of glycyrrhizin is between 0.65%-0.74%,and the content of glycyrrhizic acid is between 1.88%-1.95%. Substandard:the average diameterConclusion: This experiment combines the traditional experience and modern analysis method,in order to develop a scientific,reasonable and accurate classification method.

Grade Standard of Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Objective:To explore the correlation between the characters and chemical constituents of Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma through the analysis of characters and main chemical constituents of Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma,and establish the grade evaluation criteria of Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma, so as to provide reference for the quality evaluation and quality control of Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma. Method:Correlation analysis,principal component analysis and cluster analysis were carried out for appearance and intrinsic indexes of Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma. Result:Class Ⅰ of Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma:the diameter of big end was more than 1.60 cm,middle circumference was more than 3.76 cm,inner core chromaticity b* was more than13.88,outer skin chromaticity a* was more than 37.61,glycyrrhizin content was more than 1.13%,with no worm,rot and impurity. Class Ⅱ of Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma:the diameter of big end was 1.39-1.60 cm,the middle circumference was 3.09-3.76 cm,the inner core chromaticity b* was 10.22-13.88,the skin chromaticity a* was 35.57-37.61,glycyrrhizin content was 0.69%-1.13%,with no worm,rot and impurity. Class Ⅲ of Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma:the diameter of the big end was 1.08-1.39 cm,the middle circumference was 2.41-3.09 cm,the inner core chromaticity b* was 5.16-10.22,the skin chromaticity a* was 29.19-35.57,glycyrrhizin content was 0.55%-0.69%,with no worm and rot. Substandard Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma:the diameter of the big end was lower than 1.08 cm,the central circumference was lower than 2.41 cm,the inner core color b* was lower than 5.16,the outer skin color a* was lower than 29.19, and glycyrrhizin content was lower than 0.55%. Conclusion:The grade evaluation standards established in this paper include appearance and intrinsic indexes, with scientific,comprehensive and practical characteristics. It can be used for the grade evaluation of Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma medicinal materials.

Grade Standard of Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Objective:Through the analysis of the characteristics and main chemical components of Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma,the correlation between the characteristics and components of Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma was explored,and a new evaluation standard of Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma grade was established to provide a more comprehensive and scientific basis for the quality evaluation of Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma. Method:The appearance characteristics of 48 batches of Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma samples were quantitatively measured. The contents of 9 kinds of Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma were determined. The results of correlation analysis,principal component analysis and cluster analysis were used to classify ginseng medicinal materials according to the analysis results,and the grade evaluation criteria were constructed. Result:First-class ginseng medicinal materials:diameter of main root>1.72 cm,length of reed head>2.61 cm,weight of single branch>14.15 g,content of ginsenoside Rb1>0.612 1%,content of ginsenoside Re>0.385 8%,content of ginsenoside Rg1>0.320 8%,no scar,impurities,moth,mildew. Second-class ginseng medicinal materials:the diameter of main root is 1.55-1.72 cm,the length of reed head is 1.74-2.61 cm,the weight of single branch is 10.24-14.15 g,the content of ginsenoside Rb1 is 0.496 8%-0.612 1%,the content of ginsenoside Re is 0.323 3%-0.385 8%,the content of ginsenoside Rg1 is 0.263 6%-0.320 8%,and there are no scars,impurities,worms and mildew. Third-class ginseng medicinal materials:main root diameter 1.29-1.55 cm,reed head length 1.34-1.74 cm,single branch weight 6.90-10.24 g,ginsenoside Rb1 content 0.389 5%-0.496 8%,ginsenoside Re content 0.235 2%-0.323 3%,ginsenoside Rg1 content 0.217 1%-0.263 6%,no impurities,worms,mildew. Fourth-class ginseng medicinal materials:diameter of main root11Conclusion:The appearance indexes of ginseng medicinal materials were divided according to the standards of taproot diameter,reed head length and single ginseng weight,and the content of ginsenoside Rg1,Re,Rb1 was used as the internal quality evaluation index. Ginseng commercial specifications were divided into four grades,which integrated the appearance and internal indicators,and had more scientific and comprehensive characteristics,which could be used as the basis for the classification of Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma medicinal materials.