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Objective To provide direction for the improvement of quality control of hospital preparations and ensure the safety for clinical use by analyzing the hospital preparation deviations in recent three years. Methods A retrospective analysis on 59 minor hospital preparation deviations from 2017 to 2019 was conducted. Brainstorming, fishbone drawing and, Minitab software were used to analyze the root causes of deviations from five aspects: personnel, machine, materials, methods and environment. The preventive and corrective measures were implemented. The results were evaluated. Results 1 significant deviation (1.7%), 24 major deviation (40.7%), and 34 minor deviation (57.6%) were identified among the 59 casses of preparation deviation. With the implementation of preventive and corrective measures, the total number of deviations in 2018 was significantly reduced compared to that in 2017. The total number of deviations in 2019 was about the same as that in 2018. The human factors need to be focused. Conclusion The pharmaceutical preparation deviations in our hospital have been reduced. The further quality improvements for pharmaceutical preparations will be carried out by following the regulations of pharmaceutical production quality management standards and pharmaceutical production supervision and administration measures.
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Objective:To explore the effect of combining inspiratory muscle training with diaphragm resistance training on the respiratory, motor and balance functioning of stroke survivors.Methods:Eighty-eight stroke survivors were randomly divided into a respiratory muscle training group and a control group, each of 44. Both groups received routine rehabilitation, but the respiratory muscle training group also received daily inspiratory muscle and diaphragm resistance training, five days a week for 4 weeks. The respiratory muscle strength, motor function and balance of the two groups were evaluated using the inspiratory muscle strength index, the Fugl-Meyer assessment scale and the Berg balance scale before and after the treatment.Results:After the treatment, the average inspiratory muscle strength index of the respiratory muscle training group was 61.80%, its average Fugl-Meyer score was 75 and its average Berg balance score was 38. All were significantly better than before the treatment and better than the control group′s averages at the same time point. Spearman correlation analysis found significant correlation among the three measurements.Conclusions:Combining inspiratory muscle training with diaphragm resistance training can significantly improve the inspiratory muscle strength of stroke survivors, and promote the recovery of their motor and balance functions.
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Objective To establish a high performance liquid chromatography(HPLC) method for simultaneous determination of the contents of 7 components of chlorogenic acid, caffeic acid, paeoniflorin, ammonium glycyrrhizinate, baicalin, baicalein, and wogonin in Piqin oral liquid. Methods A double-wavelength HPLC method was performed. The column was Agilent Zorbax SB-C18 (250 mm × 4.6 mm, 5 μm). The mobile phase was 0.02% phosphoric acid aqueous solution (A)-acetonitrile (B) gradient elution; Flow rate: 1.0 ml/min; Column temperature: 35℃; Injection volume: 20 μl; Detection wavelength: 0-18.0 min, 325 nm (detect chlorogenic acid, caffeic acid); 18.0-65.0 min, 280 nm (detect paeoniflorin, baicalin, baicalein, ammonium glycyrrhizinate, wogonin). Results The chlorogenic acid, caffeic acid, paeoniflorin, ammonium glycyrrhizinate, baicalin, baicalein and wogonin were completely separated. Seven components have a good linear relationship between the peak area and concentration, with the recoveries between 96.41% and 99.70%. Conclusion This method is simple, accurate and reproducible, and can be used for the quality control of Piqin oral liquid.
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Objective To establish an UV spectrophotometry method for the determination of total flavonoids in Oxytropis falcata Bunge. Methods Using rutin as comparison，three coloration methods were used to find the optimal assay method, optimize the color conditions and take a systematic methodological investigation. Results The best color development method is aluminum chloride-sodium acetate color method. Using the test product without adding color reagent as a reference, 0.3 mol/L aluminum chloride solution 3.0 ml, 1.0 mol/L sodium acetate 4.0 ml, placed for 16 min, the sample was detected at 277 nm wavelength by AlCl3-CH3COONa reaction by using rutin as reference. The rutin content had a good liner relationship in the range of 8.8 to 44 μg/ml (r=0.9996), and the average recovery rate was 100.91% with RSD of 2.426%. Conclusion This method is simple, rapid, accurate and sensitive and can be used as a method for the determination of total flavonoids from Oxytropis falcata Bunge.
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Objective:To analyze the respiratory muscle functioning of stroke survivors and explore factors influencing it so as to provide references for clinical rehabilitation intervention.Methods:A total of 139 stroke survivors were randomly divided into a respiratory muscle dysfunction group and a control group based on the actual strength of their inspiratory muscles divided by the predicted strength. Beyond typical clinical data, information was collected about the subjects′ exercise habits. Balance ability was evaluated using the Fugl-Meyer assessment scale (FMA) and the simplified Berg Balance Scale (BBS). Multivariate logistic regression was used to analyze the factors influencing respiratory muscle dysfunction.Results:Among the 139 patients, 81 (58.27%) had respiratory muscle dysfunction. Univariate analysis showed that patients with stroke in the brainstem and dysphagia and those with poor FMA and BBS scores were at significantly greater risk of respiratory muscle dysfunction. Logistic regression analysis showed that dysphagia, FMA and BBS scores were factors independently predicting respiratory muscle dysfunction among stroke survivors, with dysphagia as a risk factor, and high FMA and BBS scores as protective factors.Conclusion:Some stroke survivors may have respiratory muscle dysfunction, and dysphagia is a risk factor, while the high FMA and BBS scores are protective.
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Objective To establish a method for simultaneous determination of chlorogenic acid, luteolin-7-O-β-D-glucoside,3,5-dicaffeoylquinic acid, linarin and pogostone in Fangshu Qingre mixture by RP-HPLC. Methods ZORBAX-SB-C18 column(4.6 mm×250 mm, 5 μm) was used as the chromatographic column.The mobile phase was 0.2% formic acid water solution(A) and acetonitrile solution (B)with a gradient elution mode. The flow rate was 1.0 ml/min.The detective wavelength was 327 nm. The column temperature was 30 ℃. Results There were good linear relationships in the determination of chlorogenic acid, luteolin-7-O-β-D-glucoside, 3,5-dicaffeoylquinic acid, linarin and pogostone (r≥0.999 6), with the average recovery rate of 102.03%(1.63%), 102.38%(1.51%), 102.39%(1.23%), 103.14%(1.87%) and 104.01%(2.33%). Conclusion The method was simple and stable with a good reproducibility, which could be used as a quality control method for active compotents in Fangshu Qingre mixture.
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Objective To establish a method for content determination of total flavones and polysaccharides in Fangshu Qingre mixture by UV-Vis Spectrophotometry. Methods The contents of total flavones and polysaccharides in Fangshu Qingre mixture were determined by UV-Vis spectroscopy with rutin and anhydrous glucose as reference substance, and the wavelength was set at 508 nm and 487 nm. Results The contents were from 0.00 to 59.20 μg/ml for total flavones and from 10.92 to 109.20 μg/ml for total polysaccharides in Fangshu Qingre mixture. The recoveries of total flavones and total polysaccharides were 104.4% and 104.8% respectively. Conclusion The method of using ultraviolet spectroscopy was simple, reproducible, accurate and reliable, which could be preferably used as the method for content determination of total flavones and polysaccharides in Fangshu Qingre mixture.
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Objective: To investigate the content of ethylparaben in potassium chloride solution.Methods: According to the guidance for antibacterial effect test stated in Chinese Pharmacopoeia(the 4th volume of 2015 edition), 5 standard bacterial strains including Staphylococcus aureus,Escherichia coli,Pseudomonas aeruginosa,Candida albicans and Aspergillus niger were used as the challenging strains.Using the logarithm decrease of bacteria number as the index, the antimicrobial effectiveness of ethylparaben at different concentrations was studied to screen out the optimal concentration in the solution.Results: The growth of the 5 standard bacterial strains was inhibited effectively by potassium chloride solution containing 0.05% ethylparaben, which was also the minimum effective concentration.Conclusion: 0.05% Ethylparaben is suitable as the bacteriostatic agent for potassium chloride solution.
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Objective To evaluate the efficacy and safety of dorsal onlay buccal mucosa urethro-plasty for the treatment of long anterior urethral stricture. Methods From October 2005 to SeDtem-ber 2007,57 patients(17-52 years old)underwent buccal mucosal dorsal onlay urethroplastv for the treatment of anterior urethral stricture.The mean urethral stricture length was 3.0cm(2.5-7.0 cm).Previously,29(51%)patients had experienced one direct vision internal urethrotomy(DVIU),20(35%)patients had accepted twice DVIU and 8(14%)patient had 3 times DVIU for the treatment of urethral stricture.All patients recurred urethral stricture after DVIU.The length of urethral stric-ture was measured by combined retrograde urethrography and voiding cystourethrography before ure-throplasty.All patients accepted urethroplasty at more than 6 months after last failed surgery.Buccal mucosa was harvested from right cheek.The urethra was exposed and dors'al side was rotated to out-side. A longitudinal incision was made on urethra. Buccal mucosal free grafts were sutured to the open edges of urethra with 6-0 absorbable suture. 1 8 F silicon fenestrated urethral catheter was Dlaced and kept for 4 weeks. Urethrography was used at 4 weeks and 3 months after the urethroplastv,and thenevery 6 months to evaluate the urethral recovery.Dysuria and urethral caliber less than 1 6 F which was confirmed by urethrography and urethroscopy were regarded as stricture recurrence. Resuits The mean fellow-up time were 11.2 months(1-23 months).Fifty-four(95%) patients remained stricture free.Three(5%)patients recurred at the 2 to 3 months after the operation and were treated with DVIU.Three patients had wound infection and recovered without other complication.There was no fistula,diverticulum in all patients.The pain of cheek lasted for 2 5 days(average 2.3 days).No case had hypoesthesia of cheek,obstruction of stenseffs duct or cheek scar.Conclusions Dorsal on-1ay buccal mucosal urethroplasty for long anterior urethral stricture provides stable results with few and acceptable complications.
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BACKGROUND: At present, bladder acellular matrix grafts have been successfully used for substituting animal bladder and urinary canal, and for repairing hypospadia. However, reports on bladder acellular matrix grafts for substituting albuginea penis need to be investigated. OBJECTIVE: Allogeneic bladder acellular grafts were used for substituting albuginea penis of rabbits, in order to observe repairing results. DESIGN: A randomized controlled observation. SETTING: West China Medical Laboratory Animal Center and West China Laboratory of Tissue Engineering of Sichuan University as well as Laboratory of Tissue Engineering of Guiyang Medical College. MATERIALS: Fifty male healthy New Zealand Rabbits of grade 3, weighing 2.6-3.0 kg, without phimosis and penis dysplasia, and without presence of phallocampsis after normal saline being perfused, were provided by Huaxi Laboratory Animal Center of Sichuan University. METHODS: This study was performed at the West China Laboratory Animal Center and West China Laboratory of Tissue Engineering of Sichuan University as well as Laboratory of Tissue Engineering of Guiyang Medical College between December 2005 and June 2007. Bladders were taken from 10 experimental rabbits for preparing bladder acellular matrix grafts. The other 40 New Zealand rabbits were randomly divided into the control group, and the bladder acellular matrix grafts group, with 20 in each. An area of 10 mm×5 mm of albuginea penis was resected from dorsum penis of each rabbit. Suture in situ of albuginea penis and bladder acellular matrix grafting were conducted in rabbits of the control group and bladder acellular matrix grafts group, respectively. In the 2nd, 6th, 12th and 24th weeks postoperatively, each rabbit was intracavernously perfused normal saline for inducing penile erection, separately, in order to observe phallocampsis. At above-mentioned each time point, experimental animals were sacrificed. Sample was taken from surgical region for haematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining and Masson trichrome staining, in order to observe the changes of tissue and structure of surgical region. Types Ⅰand Ⅲ collagen fiber areas were detected by Stirus red staining, and the expressions of inducible nitric oxide synthase(iNOS) and transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) were detected by immunohistochemical staining. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: ①Phallocampsis status. ② Changes of tissue and structure of surgical region. ③iNOS and TGF-β1 expressions. ④TypeⅠand Ⅲ collagen fiber areas.RESULTS: Forty experimental rabbits were involved in the penile surgery, two of them died from overdose anesthesia, two died from chordapsus, so the remaining thirty-six rabbits were involved in the final analysis. In the 6th week postoperatively, phallocampsis reached its highest level, and 2 rabbits in the control group and 1 rabbit in the bladder acellular matrix grafts group presented phallocampsis. In the 12th week, every rabbit presented phallocampsis. In the 24th week, 1 rabbit in the control group but none in the bladder acellular matrix grafts group presented phallocampsis. In the 2nd week, the structure of surgical regions of each rabbit was poorly clear, with remarkable inflammatory infiltration. In the bladder acellular matrix grafts group, grafting regions presented cells ingrowing the bladder acellular matrix grafts. Masson trichrome staining results showed that in the surgical region, tunica albuginea fibers were thin and poorly arranged. In the 6th week, tunica albuginea recovered its integrity, and bladder acellular matrix grafts could not be distinguished. No significant difference existed between two groups. In the 24th week, tunica albuginea was even and complete in the sugical region, and fibers restored their arrangement of circular muscle in inner layer and longitudinal muscle in outer layer, without difference from normal tunica albuginea. iNOS and TGF-β1 expressions were the strongest in the 2nd week, and they were found in the fibrocytes and vascular endothelial cells in the 6th week, but a little in the 12th and 24th weeks postoperatively. There were no remarkable differences in iNOS and TGF-β1 expressions between two groups at the same time point. In the 2nd week, typesⅠand Ⅲ collagen fibers co-existed with equivalent proportion. Then, typeⅠcollagen fibers were gradually increased, while type Ⅲ collagen fibers were on the contrary. In the 24th week, typeⅠcollagen fibers took the main place and type Ⅲ collagen fibers were unremarkable. CONCLUSION: Bladder acellular matrix grafts have no remarkable inflammatory reactions and fibrosis in repairing tunica albuginea of New Zealand rabbits, so they are very ideal grafting materials for penile surgery.
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Objective To study and analyze the cause, prevention and treatment for complications in patients with serious hypospadias repaired by one-stage urethroplasty. Methods From 1987 to 2002,275 patients with serious hypospadias were repaired by one-stage urethroplasty, there were 35 cases had complications. The classifications were penoscrotal 148 cases, scrotal 95 cases and perineal 32 cases. The lengths of new urethras were from 3.0 to 8.4 cm, the mean was (4.1?0.7) cm. Thirty-two cases were received endocrinotherapy before urethroplasty. Results The rate of complications was 12.7% for 1～3 years following survey. There were urethral fistulas 24 cases (8.7%),urethral strictures 6 (2.2%), diverticulums 3 (1.1%), chordees 2 (0.7%).The rate of urethral fistulas was the first and urethral stricture was the second, they were higher than those of other complications (P
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<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To evaluate the effect of aging on the endothelial function of the penile corpus cavernosum in rats.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The intracavernosal pressure (ICP) was compared in response to acetylcholine (Ach, endothelium-dependent vasodilator), sodium nitroprusside (SNP, an NO donor) and A23187 (a calcium ionophore)in the young (5 months old) and aged (20 months old) rats. In addition, the activity of nitric oxide synthase (NOS)in penile cavernosal tissues was examined.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Ach-mediated ICP was significantly attenuated from the maximum of (54.8 +/- 4.2) in the young rats to (40.3 +/- 2.8) mm Hg in the aged ones (Ach = 0.1 mmol/L), P < 0.01. The ICP to SNP (0.1 mmol/L) was (58.9 +/- 4.7) mm Hg in the young rats and (51.7 +/- 5.3) mm Hg in the aged. No statistically significant difference was noted between the two groups, P > 0.05. The Ach-mediated ICP in the young rats was not significantly augmented from the maximum of (54.8 +/- 4.2) to (55.8 +/- 4.7) mm Hg in the presence of the calcium ionophore A23187 (10 micromol/L), P > 0.05. However, A23187 significantly augmented Ach-mediated ICP in the aged from the maximum of (40.3 +/- 2.8) to (56.2 +/- 4.1) mm Hg, P < 0.01. Finally the activity of nitric oxide synthase was not significantly attenuated in either the aged or the young, P > 0.05.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The endothelial function of the penile cavernosum declines with the advance of age. And endothelial dysfunction may play some role in the mechanisms of age-related erectile dysfunction.</p>
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Animals , Male , Rats , Aging , Physiology , Endothelial Cells , Physiology , Nitric Oxide Synthase , Metabolism , Penis , Cell Biology , Metabolism , Physiology , Rats, Wistarالملخص
This is an experiment on rabbits to evaluate the possibility of ureteral replacement by extracellular matrix. We adopted a biochemical method for preparing a new tissue engineering material named Extracellular Matrix (ECM), and the ECMs were used as homologous grafts to replace the defect in the ureters. Light microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, immunohistochemical technique and intravenous urography were used. The routine blood and biochemical laboratory tests were made before and after operation, and the measured values of pressure in the ureter of experiment and control groups were compared. The ureteral ECM was found in the experiment to promote the regeneration of all ureteral wall components. There were no significant differentces between the regenerative tissue and the normal tissue in morphology and function 16 weeks after replacement. The homologous ECM might be an ideal replacement material for ureteral defect.
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Animals , Female , Male , Rabbits , Biomedical Engineering , Methods , Bioprosthesis , Epithelium , Physiology , Extracellular Matrix , Physiology , Transplantation , Random Allocation , Transplantation, Autologous , Ureter , Wounds and Injuries , Pathology , General Surgeryالملخص
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To observe the synergistic effects of paclitaxel and gemcitabine on prostate cancer cell line PC-3 in vitro.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Cell morphology, MTU, flow cytometer and immunocytochemical method were used to observe the effects of 10(-6), 10(-7), 10(-8) mol/L paclitaxel and 10(-7), 10(-8), 10(-9) mol/L gemcitabine on prostate cancer cell line PC-3 by single or synergistic administration for 48 hours in vitro.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Gemcitabine above 10(-8) mol/L enhanced the growth suppression [suppression ratio > or = (50.8 +/- 4.2)%, P < 0.05] and apoptosis [apoptosis ratio > or = (22.9 +/- 2.3)%, P < 0.05] and down-regulation of the expression of cyclin D1 [expression ratio < or = (9.6 +/- 1.6)%, P < 0.01] induced by paclitaxel above 10(-7) mol/L in PC-3 cells. Gemcitabine changed the ratio of G2/M cell arrest induced by paclitaxel from (70.3 +/- 9.7)% to (38.2 +/- 4.2)%, and reversed the G2/M arrest partially (P < 0.01).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Paclitaxel and gemcitabine can enhance the growth suppression and apoptosis induced by paclitaxel in a synergistic way. They show great potential in the treatment of androgen-independent carcinoma of the prostate.</p>
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Humans , Male , Antimetabolites, Antineoplastic , Pharmacology , Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic , Pharmacology , Apoptosis , Cell Line, Tumor , Deoxycytidine , Pharmacology , Dose-Response Relationship, Drug , Down-Regulation , Drug Synergism , Flow Cytometry , Paclitaxel , Pharmacology , Prostatic Neoplasms , Pathologyالملخص
Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is the key angiogenins which can increase microvascular permeability and promote endothelial cell migration, proliferation and tube formation. This paper reviews the location of VEGF in the prostate, testicular and epididymis tissues, the modulation of VEGF expression, and the relationship between VEGF-induced angiogenesis changes and some diseases in the male reproduction system.
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Humans , Male , Neovascularization, Physiologic , Prostate , Prostatic Hyperplasia , Prostatic Neoplasms , Testis , Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A , Physiologyالملخص
Mature dendritic cells are potent antigen-presenting cells that initiate primary immune responses, while immature dendritic cells have quite different properties from mature dendritic cells and are tolerance inducer actually. Here we describe the method of using monocyte condition medium to generate dendritic cells of different maturation phases from nonproliferating progenitors in human peripheral blood. The procedure involves two steps. The first step(or priming phase) is to work on a 6-7-day culture of plastic-adherent blood monocyte in medium supplement with GM-CSF and IL-4. The second step (or differentiation phase) requires the exposure to monocyte conditioned medium. Only the dendritic cells generated by the first step are actually immature, with strong immature dendritic cell features such as active endocytosis, the same expression of monocyte marker CD14, and much of the MHC class II still lies within intracellular compartments (MIIC). The second stage dendritic cells have all the features of mature dendritic cell, including a stellate shape, nonadherence to plastic, the expression of dendritic cells restricted marker CD83, and very strong T cell stimulatory function. All of these dendritic cell properties are retained for at least 3 days when the cytokines are removed, suggesting that these populations are stable and terminally differentiated. Since progression from immature to mature dendritic cell is entirely dependent on exogenously added growth factor such as monocyte condition medium, the peripheral blood monocyte may help to harness synchronized population of mature and immature dendritic cells for studies or therapies.
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Humans , Cell Culture Techniques , Cell Differentiation , Culture Media, Conditioned , Chemistry , Dendritic Cells , Cell Biology , Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor , Chemistry , Interleukin-4 , Chemistry , Monocytes , Cell Biologyالملخص
Objective:To evaluate the therapeutical effects of sodium hyaluronate and triamcinolone acetonide on secondary temporomandibular synovitis.Methods:67 patients with secondary temporomandibular synovitis were divided into two groups:A group received the intraarticular injection of sodium hyaluronate and B group received triamcinolone acetonide injection.The effects of two groups were observed.Results:Patients were followed up at 1 week,2 months and 3 months after being treated respectively.Although 1 week after treatment,A group showed better curative effect(P0.05).After 3 months,B group showed better effects than A group(P
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Objective To study the causes of misdiagnosis between renal cell carcinoma (RCC) and renal angiomyolipoma (RAML). Methods Since 1990, 228 cases of RCC and 62 RAML were surgically treated.13 of them,4 RCC and 9 RAML were incorrectly treated because the misdiagnosis on imaging examination or intraoperative frozen section study. The causes were analyzed. Results 4 RCC underwent enucleation or simple nephrectomy because of the frozen section diagnosis of RAML.None have developed recurrent RCC with 1～4 years of follow up.Of the 9 RAML cases,6 have been misdiagnosed as RCC on imaging procedures.The other 3 patients that failed to reach a proper diagnosis on imaging examination were submitted to intraoperative frozen section studies.1 was diagnosed as RCC and the other 2 remained uncertain. Radical nephrectomy have been performed for 9 patients. Conclusions Difficult interpretation due to poor quality of frozen sections is a potential cause of diagnosis error.RCC might be confused with RAML when the specimens contained highly vascular tissue. The content and distribution of fat is the main cause of imaging misdiagnosis.
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0.05) and the mean operative bleeding (135.8?62.9)ml and (245.1?168.9)ml (P
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Objective To determine whether antibiotic prophylaxis can reduce the risk of postoperative infective complications in patients undergoing TURP who have sterile preoperative urine. Methods MEDLINE,EMBASE,CBMA and the Cochrane Library were searched for RCTs comparing antibiotic prophylaxis with placebo/blank controls for patients undergoing TURP with preoperative sterile urine.The search strategy was made according to the Collaborative Review Group search strategy.Data were extracted by two reviewers using the designed extraction form. The software RevMan was used to review management and data analysis.The results were expressed as RR and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for categorical outcomes and weighted mean difference (WMD) and 95%CI for continuous outcomes. Results 53 relevant RCTs were searched, of which 27 were included and 26 were excluded.Antibiotic prophylaxis significantly decreased the rate of post-TURP bacteriuria,post-TURP fever,post-TURP bacteremia and the rate of continuous antibiotic use.The corresponding pooled relative risk (RR) and 95%CI was 0.36 (0.28 to 0.46),0.83 (0.71 to 0.97),0.43 (0.22 to 0.86) and 0.26 (0.20 to 0.33),respectively.However,the available data failed to prove that antibiotic prophylaxis shortened the duration of hospitalization (WMD, -0.31;95% CI , -0.78 to 0.35). Conclusions Prophylactic antibiotics can significantly decrease the incidence of post-TURP bacteriuria,fever,bacteremia and continuous antibiotic treatment,but cannot significantly shorten the duration of hospitalization.Antibiotics should be used in patients undergoing TURP.