الملخص
@#Paralytic shellfish poisoning contamination is a threat to human health. Based on review of research articles pertaining to paralytic shellfish poisoning contamination in shellfishes and assessment of dietary exposure to paralytic shellfish poisoning in coastal cities of China from 2007 to 2022, the article describes the status of paralytic shellfish poisoning contamination, influencing factors and dietary exposure assessment in different sea areas of China (Bohai Sea, Huanghai Sea, East China Sea and South China Sea), and the relatively high-level contamination of paralytic shellfish poisoning in shellfishes is found to strongly correlate with red tides caused by season and water temperature in the Bohai Sea and South China Sea areas. Acute exposure assessment based on point estimate model is commonly used for assessment of dietary exposure to paralytic shellfish poisoning, and the risk of human dietary exposure to paralytic shellfish poisoning is within the acceptable range in most areas. Intensified monitoring of paralytic shellfish poisoning contamination in shellfishes and full consideration of parameters like processing factor during dietary exposure assessment are required in the future to allow more precise results.
الملخص
Abstract@#With the rapid development of emerging industries and industrialization in China, soil nickel contamination has become a serious concern, with food being the primary source of nickel exposure to the human body. The level of nickel contamination in food is gennerally higher in developed regions of China. Among different food categories, grains, legumes and aquatic products exhibit relatively higher nickel content and detection rates. Currently in China, the methods for studying nickel dietary exposure risk are relatively conservative, primarily employing point assessment, simple distribution and probability assessment to calculate daily exposure levels among residents and quantifying cumulative exposure risks using the hazard index method. It is found that there is still a certain risk of dietary nickel among residents with younger age groups and under extreme conditions of high consumption or high pollution. Additionally, the cancer risk among the rural population is higher than that among the urban population. This article reviews the research progress on the current status of nickel contamination in Chinese food and the assessment of dietary exposure risk for residents, based on literature from databases such as CNKI and PubMed up to 2023, aiming at providing a reference for future research into nickel exposure and risk assessment in food.
الملخص
@#Peanuts, corn and other food products are prone to aflatoxins (AF). AF was listed as a human carcinogen by the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), especially aflatoxin B1 (AFB1), as it is considered the most prevalent and toxic. China is a big peanut producer, so carrying out pollution investigation and risk assessment in peanuts and their products is crucial to formulate prevention measures, protect export trade and maintain health. This paper summarizes the AF pollution of peanuts and their products in the Huang-Huai-Hai Basin, Yangtze River Basin, Southeast Coast and Northeast region of China from 2015 to 2021, and the application of dietary AF exposure risk assessment methods, providing a basis for strengthening the supervision of AF pollution in peanuts and their products, and ensuring food safety.
الملخص
Objective @#To optimize the primary prevention strategies of birth defects in Zhejiang Province by Delphi method, so as to promote the capacity of birth defects prevention. @*Methods@#The expert consultation questionnaire was developed based on the relevant policies of Zhejiang Province and literature. Ten experts from medical institutions and health administrative departments were employed for one round Delphi expert consultation. The weighted scores and priorities of ten measures for the primary prevention of birth defects in Zhejiang Province were determined, as well as the suggestions of optimizing the current policies. @*Results @# The response rate of the experts was 90.91%; the coefficient of authority was 0.92; the coefficients of variation of ten measures were all less than 0.25; the coefficient of coordination was 0.31 ( P<0.05 ) , which indicated the opinions of the experts tended to be consistent. In the order of priority, ten primary prevention measures of birth defects were the improvement of birth defects surveillance network ( province, city and county level ) , the training of birth defects prevention talents, the construction of genetic consultation clinics, health education and publicity, the reproduction outpatient service construction for older people, free premarital medical examination, free pre-pregnancy eugenics test, the construction of drug consultation clinics, career planning and training of birth defect prevention and control consultants and free folic acid supplement to the whole population. Nine experts suggested that the following policies need to be optimized: birth defects surveillance system, free premarital medical examination, and health education and publicity.@*Conclusion@#In the primary prevention of birth defects in Zhejiang Province, the most urgent problem to be solved is the improvement of the three-level birth defects surveillance network.