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Epilepsy is a common neurological disease,has the characteristics of recurrent attacks and long-term treatment,thus bringing great pressure to patients and their families.Therefore,it is particularly important to do a good job of disability assessment.In recent years,with the development of the discipline,academic organizations such as the International League Against Epilepsy(ILAE)and China Association Against Epilepsy(CAAE)have successively updated the definition and diagnostic criteria of epilepsy and seizures.However,some items of epilepsy in the current Criteria for Disability Rating of Military Personnel(Trial)issued by People's Liberation Army(PLA)in 2011 can no longer meet the latest guidelines at home and abroad.Therefore,we suggest that the items related to epilepsy in the Criteria for Disability Rating of Military Personnel(Trial)should be revised to ensure that the disability evaluation being completed fairly and successfully.
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AIM To explore the effects of genistein on reducing myocardial fibrosis in diabetic rats and the possible mechanism.METHODS The rat models of type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM)established by high-fat diet feeding and intraperitoneal streptozotocin(STZ)injection were randomly divided into the model group,the metformin group(100 mg/kg)and the low-dose and high-dose genistein groups(50,100 mg/kg),in contrast to those of the normal group given normal diet,with 10 rats in each group.After 8 weeks gavage of the corresponding drugs,the rats had detections of their weight of the body and the heart,the heart function,levels of the cardiac indices,the biomarkers of serum creatine kinase isoenzyme(CK-MB),aspartate aminotransferase(AST)and lactate dehydrogenase(LDH)activities,the extent of myocardial fibrosis,myocardial mRNA and protein expressions of transforming growth factor-β1(TGF-β1)and Smad homologue 3(Smad 3),and the myocardial distribution and expressions of Collagen Ⅰ and Collagen Ⅲ.RESULTS Compared with the model group,the genistein groups shared increased body weight,stroke output(SV)and ejection fraction(EF)(P<0.01);decreased levels of cardiac indices,left ventricular internal diameter end systole(LVIDs),CK-MB,AST and LDH activities(P<0.05,P<0.01);decreased relative area and myocardial expressions of CollagenⅠand CollagenⅢ(P<0.05,P<0.01);and decreased myocardial expressions of TGF-β1 and Smad3 mRNA and protein(P<0.05,P<0.01).Additionally,the high-dose genistein group was observed with decreased level of left ventricular internal diameter end-diastole(LVIDd)(P<0.05).CONCLUSION Genistein can protect the hearts of T2DM rat models by reducing their myocardial fibrosis via TGF-β1/Smad3 signaling pathway.
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AIM To explore the effects and mechanism of verbascoside on adenine-induced infertility in rats.METHODS Rats randomly divided into the blank group,the model group,the positive control group(100 mg/kg Compound Xuanju Capsule)and low and high dose groups of verbascoside(50 and 100 mg/kg)were given 150 mg/kg adenine daily for 14 days to establish the rat model of infertility,except those of the blank group,followed by the 28 days corresponding gavage of the drugs.The rats had their general activities observed;their indexes levels of liver,kidney,testis and epididymis calculated;their sperms checked under the microscope;their pathological morphology of the liver,the kidney and the testis observed by HE staining;their spermatogenesis evaluated using the Johnsen scoring method;their serum levels of T,LH,FSH and GnRH detected by ELISA;and their testicular mRNA and protein expressions of mTOR,LC3B and ULK1 detected by RT-qPCR and Western blot.RESULTS Compared with the blank group,the model group displayed increased index level of the kidney(P＜0.05),decreased sperm count,sperm activity rate and sperm index level(P＜0.05),decreased serum levels of T and GnRH(P＜0.05),increased levels of LH and FSH(P＜0.05),obviously pathological damage of the kidney and testis,increased testicular expressions of mTOR mRNA and protein(P＜0.05),decreased expressions of LC3B and ULK1 mRNA and protein(P＜0.05),and decreased expression of p-mTOR protein(P＜0.05).Compared with the model group,the high-dose verbascoside group demonstrated decreased renal index level(P＜0.05),increased sperm count and sperm activity rate(P＜0.05),increased serum T level(P＜0.05),decreased LH and FSH levels(P＜0.05),improved pathological damage of the kidney and the testis at different levels,decreased testicular expressions of mTOR mRNA and protein(P＜0.05),increased expressions of LC3B,ULK1 mRNA and protein(P＜0.05),and increased expression of p-mTOR protein(P＜0.05).The high-dose verbascoside group displayed the same effects as those of the positive control Compound Xuanju Capsule.CONCLUSION Verbascoside can effectively improve the sperm quality,sex hormone disorder,reproductive function and pathological damage of kidney and testis in infertile rats,and its mechanism may be related to the enhanced positive regulation of autophagy and regulated hypothalamus-pituitary-testis axis disorder.
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ObjectiveTo investigate the correlation between genetic polymorphism of heat shock proteins 70 (HSP70) and susceptibility to occupational noise-induced hearing loss (ONIHL). Methods A total of 229 ONIHL workers were selected as the case group and 229 healthy workers with similar age, years of noise exposure, and noise exposure levels were selected as the control group using the case-control study method. Occupational health examinations were conducted on both groups, and peripheral blood of individuals was collected for DNA extraction. The genotypes of three single nucleotide polymorphisms of the HSP70 were detected using the MassArray system. Results The allele frequency distribution of HSP70 rs2227956, rs1043618, and rs1061581 in the control group was in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium (all P>0.05). The genotype and allele frequency distribution of rs2227956 was significantly different between the two groups (all P<0.05), while no significant difference was found for rs1043618 and rs1061581 (all P>0.05). After adjusting for age, years of noise exposure, individual noise exposure level, smoking, and drinking, individuals with AG and AG+GG genotypes of rs2227956 had a higher risk of ONIHL than those with AA genotype (all P<0.05). The risk of ONIHL was higher in individuals with G allele of rs2227956 than in those with A allele (P<0.05). No correlation was found between rs1043618 and rs1061581 polymorphisms and the risk of ONIHL (all P>0.05). Conclusion The rs2227956 polymorphism of the HSP70 gene is correlated with susceptibility to ONIHL in noise-exposed workers, and the G allele is a risk factor for ONIHL in this population.
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ObjectiveTo explore the impact of the interaction between occupational and non-occupational noise exposure on the risk of high-frequency hearing loss (HFHL) in noise-exposed workers. Methods A total of 602 male workers with normal hearing, engaged in an automobile manufacturing company between 2016 and 2018, were selected as the study subjects using the retrospective cohort study method. Pure-tone audiometry and questionnaire surveys were conducted on the workers. The Kaplan-Meier survival analysis and multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression model were used to analyze the interaction between occupational and non-occupational noise exposure and the risk of HFHL in these workers. Results The prevalence of HFHL of the workers was 34.1% in 2020, without any cases of speech frequency hearing loss. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis result showed that the risk of HFHL increased in workers with excessive national occupational noise exposure intensity, self-reported noisy living environments, and both excessive national occupational noise exposure intensity and self-reported noisy living environments (all P<0.01). The results of the Cox proportional hazards model showed that the combined effect of excessive national occupational noise exposure intensity and self-reported noisy living environments [relative risk (RR)=2.40, P<0.01] was higher than the individual effects of excessive national occupational noise exposure intensity (RR=2.09, P<0.01) and self-reported noisy living environments (RR=2.39, P<0.01). There was an antagonistic effect between excessive national occupational noise exposure intensity and self-reported noisy living environments (interaction index <1.00). Conclusion Both occupational and non-occupational noise exposure can increase the risk of HFHL in noise-exposed workers, and there is an interaction between them.
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ObjectiveTo analyze the measures and effects of comprehensive noise control in an automobile engine manufacturing enterprise. Methods An automobile engine manufacturing enterprise with noise exposure work-sites was selected as the research subject. The noise hazard status of the enterprise was investigated. The noise hazard exceeded the national standard in work-sites was comprehensively treated. The treatment effect was analyzed. Results A total of 395 work-sites exposed to noise were detected. Among them, 16 work-sites exceeded the national noise standard, with the rate of 4.1%. The work-sites with noise exceeding the national standard were mainly in the machine workshop and the casting workshop, with normalization of equivalent continuous A-weighted sound pressure level to a nominal eight hours working day (LEX,8h) ranging from 86.8 to 89.2 and 85.2 to 90.2 dB(A), respectively. In addition, the classification of occupational noise exposure of the mold protection group in the casting workshop was level Ⅱ, and classification of occupational noise exposure of other work-sites with excessive national standard was grade Ⅰ. After the enterprise implemented noise control measures such as process reform, equipment replacement, sound insulation, noise reduction, sound absorption, and vibration isolation, the LEX,8h of nine positions were lower than those before rectification ［(86.7±1.1) vs (83.3±1.3) dB(A), P<0.01］. Conclusion The use of comprehensive control measures can achieve the purpose of reducing noise from the sources, and can be used for reference by relevant enterprises with noise hazards.
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Exposure to occupational noise and heavy metals are common occupational hazards in workplaces. Occupational noise exposure not only leads to noise-induced hearing loss but also cognitive dysfunction. Exposure to common heavy metals such as lead, manganese, and cadmium during work is closely related to cognitive dysfunction in workers. Combined exposure to noise and heavy metals is common in workplaces. However, current research on the combined effects of exposure to occupational noise with lead or manganese on workers' cognitive function is not comprehensive or systematic. The method for cognitive dysfunction identification varies, leading to a lack of comparability. And the causality between occupational exposure and cognitive dysfunction in workers has not been clarified. Therefore, studying the cognitive dysfunction due to combined exposure to noise and common heavy metals is of great significance for workers' occupational health. In the future, it is necessary to unify the method for cognitive dysfunction identification and conduct systematic and comprehensive research on the effects, mechanisms, and combined effects of exposure to occupational noise with lead, manganese, cadmium, and other heavy metals on workers' cognitive dysfunction, to ensure the occupational health rights and interests of workers.
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ObjectiveTo analyze the research status and trends in low-level occupational benzene exposure. Methods Articles on low-level occupational benzene exposure from Chinese and English journals from January 1st, 2000, to December 31th, 2022 were retrieved using the Web of Science and the China National Knowledge Infrastructure, and a bibliometric analysis was conducted. Results A total of 327 articles were included in the analysis, comprising 216 English articles and 111 Chinese articles. i) The number of articles published in English fluctuates greatly over the years, without a trend of continuous growth or decline. Authors from 359 research institutions in 45 countries and regions have published relevant English articles in 97 kinds of journals, involving 281 grants from 226 foundations. The top three countries in terms of articles amount were the United States, Italy, and China, with 81, 46, and 43 papers, respectively. The English articles mainly focused on mechanistic research at the genetic level, such as hematotoxicity, oxidative stress, and DNA damage. ii) The number of Chinese articles increased gradually after 2012, with the growth peak in 2017. Authors from 127 research institutions in 26 provinces, autonomous regions, and municipalities published Chinese articles in 51 kinds of journals, involving 154 grants from 78 foundations. Chinese articles tended to focus on benzene-induced hematotoxicity and occupational health damage. Conclusion Most studies on low-level occupational benzene exposure were conducted in China, the United States and Italy, focused on hematotoxicity. Monitoring international research topics and hotspots of the field has certain reference value for related research in China.
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Objective@#Diminished ovarian reserve (DOR) is a disorder characterized by impaired ovarian function. Sleep disorders are disruptions of the circadian rhythm, which appears to be closely linked to reproductive systems. This study aimed to investigate the impact of poor sleep quality on the ovarian reserve of childbearing-age women. @*Methods@#A cross-sectional study was conducted in China from June 2021 to March 2023. In total, 102 participants diagnosed with chronic insomnia disorder were included in the study. Questionnaires were administered to assess participants' menstrual patterns, insomnia severity, anxiety, and depression. The anti-Müllerian hormone level and the basal antral follicle count were measured for ovarian reserve evaluation. Correlation analysis and ordinal logistic regression analysis were conducted. @*Results@#The women with insomnia presented high percentages of hypomenorrhea, premenstrual syndrome, and dysmenorrhea (78.4%, 74.5%, and 46.1%, respectively). Severe sleep disorder in the past month was identified as an independent risk factor for hypomenorrhea and premenstrual syndrome (odds ratio [OR], 2.64 and OR, 2.688; p<0.05). The prevalence of DOR among women with insomnia (33.3%) was significantly higher than the average reported in previous studies for young women. Insomnia duration exceeding 1 year was determined to be an independent risk factor for DOR in women aged 36 to 40 years (OR, 4.5; p=0.033). @*Conclusion@#This study highlights the association between sleep disorders and menstrual problems. Prolonged poor sleep quality in women aged 36 to 40 years was identified as a significant risk factor for DOR. We should pay more attention to improving sleep quality in order to maintain normal ovarian function.
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Objective:To explore the application of the semi-flipped classroom combined with knowledge point auction learning method in the theoretical teaching among stomatological students and its effectiveness.Methods:Undergraduates from four classes at Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-Sen University were taken as research subjects. Students from two classes ( n=198) were taught using the semi-flipped classroom combined with the knowledge point auction learning method, while students from the other two classes ( n=172) were taught with the regular classroom teaching method as controls. Classroom quizzes were used to compare the two classes' mastery of important and difficult points, and a questionnaire was used to investigate students' feedback on the class outcomes. SPSS 22.0 was used for the independent samples t-test. Results:The mean test score of the experimental class was higher than that of the control class (88.51±11.02 vs. 80.40±8.53). The results of the questionnaire showed that students' interest in the course, comprehension and absorption of knowledge points, degree of satisfaction with the class, and mastery of the contents in sections in the experimental class were significantly higher than those in the control class (7.28±1.51 vs. 9.10±0.73, 6.92±1.44 vs. 8.69±1.62, 6.09±1.87 vs. 7.61±1.46, 6.40±1.04 vs. 7.70±0.86 ).Conclusions:The semi-flipped classroom combined with the knowledge point auction learning method is innovative and achieves good teaching outcomes. It holds promise for wider use in the theoretical teaching of various clinical subjects. To explore the application of the semi-flipped classroom combined with knowledge point auction learning method in the theoretical teaching among stomatological students and its effectiveness.
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Objective:To explore the application effects of a neurosurgical mixed-reality distance teaching (NMDT) model in standardized residency training in neurosurgery.Methods:We built an NMDT system using mixed-reality technology and remote interaction technology, and designed the implementation procedure according to the teaching objectives. After the teaching activities were completed, a teaching satisfaction questionnaire survey was conducted among 20 neurosurgery resident trainees, in which they provided satisfaction scores for the same teaching content with different teaching models (i.e., the NMDT model and traditional teaching model). SPSS 22.0 software was used to perform the t test for data analysis. Results:There were significant differences between the NMDT model and the traditional teaching model in key indicators including the score for "completion of teaching objectives" (9.20±0.68 vs. 8.25±0.70, P<0.001) and the score for "satisfaction with learning gains" score (8.95±0.67 vs. 8.05±0.92, P=0.001). The NMDT model also outperformed the traditional teaching model in the other individual scores and the total score. Conclusions:The NMDT model can improve teaching quality, increase training efficiency, and enrich teaching content, which is worthy of promotion.
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Objective To observe the feasibility of cardiac MR tissue tracking(CMR-TT)technique for quantitatively evaluating myocardial strain of patients with myocardial amyloidosis(CA).Methods Cardiac MRI were collected from 20 patients of immunoglobulin amyloid light-chain CA(AL-CA,group A),20 cases of transthyretin CA(ATTR-CA,group B)and 20 healthy subjects(group C),and myocardial strain parameters were obtained using CMR-TT technique.Left ventricular cardiac function parameters were compared among 3 groups,so were strain parameters of each myocardial segment of left ventricle and global myocardium,including 3D longitudinal strain(LS),3D radial strain(RS)and 3D circumferential strain(CS).Results Compared with those in group C,significant differences of left ventricular cardiac function parameters were found in both group A and B(all P＜0.01),while no statistical difference was found between group A and B(all P＞0.05).Except for apical segment RS(P=0.81),strain parameters in group A and B were both lower than those in group C(all P＜0.01),while no significant difference was detected between group A and B(all P＞0.05).Conclusion CMR-TT technique could be used to quantitatively evaluate left ventricular myocardial strain of CA patients.
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Objective To explore the distributions of dose differences and their correlations with tumor types in independent three-dimensional dose verification for intensity-modulated radiotherapy(IMRT)plan,and to establish prediction models.Methods The fixed field IMRT plans of 180 patients with head and neck,chest,and abdominal tumors were collected.Independent sample t-test was used to analyze the consistency between the initial dose calculated in treatment planning system and the verified dose for evaluating the feasibility of independent validation.The distributions of planning target volume(PTV)dose differences among different tumor types were analyzed.The correlations of PTV dose differences with conformity index(CI)and homogeneity index were analyzed using correlation analysis and multiple linear regression method.Results The PTV dose differences for head and neck,chest,and abdominal tumors were within±1.2%,and the average 3%/3 mm gamma passing rate between the initial dose and the verified dose was higher than 99.5%,indicating good consistency in dose distribution between independent validation and treatment planning system.The distributions of PTV dose differences were different in head and neck,chest,and abdominal plans,and were significantly correlated with CI which could be used to preliminarily determine the PTV dose differences in independent validation.The multiple regression equation based on CI and homogeneity index could be used to estimate the dose verification differences of IMRT plan.Conclusion Independent verification can quickly achieve pre-treatment validation for radiotherapy plans,improving the efficiency of quality control of radiotherapy plans.The estimation based on dose differences provides guidance for optimizing radiotherapy plans.
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Background Shoemaking industry workers are prone to work-related musculoskeletal disorders (WMSDs) due to long-term awkward postures during the work process. There is little research on the prevalence and influencing factors of WMSDs in the knee region of this industry, and it should be taken seriously. Objective To estimate the prevalence of work-related knee pain among shoemaking workers and analyze the related influencing factors. Methods A total of 6982 shoemaking workers were selected from 26 shoemaking factories in Guangdong, Hubei, Fujian, Chongqing, Shandong, Zhejiang, and Jingxi by convenience sampling. Prevalence of work-related knee pain in past year, demographic characteristics, occupational related factors, and work posture were collected by a cross-sectional survey using the electronic version of Musculoskeletal Disorder Questionnaire. Logistic regression analysis was used to analyze the influencing factors that may lead to work-related knee pain. Results This survey collected 6982 valid questionnaires with a recovery rate of 98.3%. The prevalence of work-related knee pain of shoemaking workers in the past 12 months was 13.0% (908/6982). According to the results of logistic regression analysis, compared with workers with less than 5 years of service, workers with 5-10 years of service (OR=1.21, 95%CI: 1.02, 1.45) and more than 10 years (1.53, 95%CI: 1.27, 1.83) showed a higher risk of knee WMSDs; sometimes, often and very frequent (reference : rarely or never) long-term standing (OR=1.33, 95%CI: 1.08, 1.64; OR=2.67, 95%CI: 2.10, 3.39; OR=2.75, 95%CI: 2.08, 3.63) and sometimes, often and very frequent (reference: rarely or never) long-term squatting or kneeling (OR=1.80, 95%CI: 1.47, 2.21; OR=2.43, 95%CI: 1.58, 3.75; OR=3.22, 95%CI: 1.66, 6.24) increased the risk of knee pain: long-term bending (OR=1.59, 95%CI: 1.34, 1.89) and often repeated movement of lower limbs and ankles (OR=1.48, 95%CI: 1.25, 1.75) were also risk factors for knee WMSDs among shoemaking industry workers (P<0.05). Adequate rest time (OR=0.58, 95%CI: 0.49, 0.68) and able to stretch or change leg posture (OR=0.75, 95%CI: 0.64, 0.88) reduced the risk of knee WMSDs (P<0.05). Conclusion In the shoemaking industry, length of service and awkward postures are risk factors for knee pain. The shoemaking enterprises should ensure that workers have sufficient rest time, reduce long-term standing, squatting, kneeling, and bending postures, as well as lower limbs repetition in order to reduce the occurrence of knee WMSDs of workers.
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ObjectiveTo investigate the diagnosis and treatment of familial hypokalemic periodic paralysis with acidosis. MethodsThe proband's medical history， clinical manifestations， laboratory examinations and imaging characteristics were retrospectively analyzed， and prevalence situation of family members was investigated in detail. Next generation sequencing technology was used to detect the pathogenic gene loci related to periodic paralysis， and the relevant literatures were summarized. ResultsThe proband was definitely diagnosed as familial hypokalemic periodic paralysis. There was a heterozygous mutation in the SCN4A gene of the proband， which was c.2006G>A， resulting in amino acid changes R669H.The proband's grandfather， father and uncle shared the same variation. ConclusionsFamilial hypokalemic periodic paralysis with paroxysmal acidosis is rare， which is easily misdiagnosed as renal tubular acidosis. c 2006G>A mutation in SCN4A gene is the molecular basis of the disease in this family. The clinical phenotypes of different gene mutations are different， and gene screening is helpful for diagnosis and treatment.
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Background Furniture manufacturing is one of the typical labor-intensive industries, and workers in this industry face a high risk of work-related musculoskeletal disorders (WMSDs), which seriously affect the physical and mental health of workers. Objective To explore the prevalence and potential risk factors of WMSDs among workers in a large-scale furniture manufacturing factory. Methods A cross-sectional study of 3431 workers in a furniture factory in Guangdong Province was conducted from September to December 2019. Information including reported WMSDs in various body parts in the past year, demographic characteristics, work organization factors, job characteristics, and work postures was collected by an electronic version of Musculoskeletal Disorders Questionnaire. Pearson χ2 test and binary logistic regression were used to analyze the risk factors leading to WMSDs. Results The overall prevalence rate of WMSDs was 32.12% (1102/3431). The most common WMSDs symptoms occurred in the neck (16.85%), followed by the feet (15.27%), shoulders (14.81%), and hands (14.25%). The prevalence rates of WMSDs in the neck, shoulders, elbows, hands, legs, and feet were significantly different among different types of work (P<0.05). The results of multiple logistic regression analysis showed that individual factors, work organization factors, job characteristics, and awkward work postures were associated with the frequency of reporting WMSDs in specific parts of workers. Comparatively poor physical health (including moderate, poor, and very poor) was positively correlated with neck, shoulder, hand, and foot WMSDs (OR=1.479-4.077); working with an uncomfortable posture (OR=1.983) and doing the same task almost every day (OR=1.783) were positively correlated with neck pain; doing the same task almost every day (OR=2.408) and neck twisting for a long time (OR=1.830) were positively correlated with shoulder pain; bending wrists up and down frequently (OR=1.948) and bending wrists for a long time (OR=2.081) were positively correlated with hand pain; prolonged standing (OR=1.953) and often working overtime (OR=1.627) were positively correlated with feet pain; sufficient rest time was negatively correlated with WMSDs in the neck, shoulders, hands, and foot (OR=0.544-0.717). Conclusion The prevalence rate of WMSDs in furniture manufacturing workers is relatively high, and neck, feet, shoulders, and hands are the most involved body parts. The frequency of reporting WMSDs is related to individual factors, work organization factors, job characteristics, and awkward work postures.
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Background Work-related musculoskeletal disorders (WMSDs) are one of the major occupational health problems in the world. Pharmaceutical industry is an important part of China's national economy. At present, there are few related studies reported at home and abroad. Objective To investigate the status and influencing factors of WMSDs in chemical pharmaceutical industry. Methods A cross-sectional epidemiological survey was conducted among all workers from three chemical pharmaceutical enterprises in Guangzhou. The Musculoskeletal Disorders Questionnaire was used to collect information on demographic characteristics, symptoms of musculoskeletal disorders, types of work, work organization, and and work postures. Multiple logistic regression method was used to analyze the risk factors of WMSDs in chemical pharmaceutical workers. Results In this study, 563 workers were selected as subjects. The total prevalence rate of WMSDs symptoms in the chemical pharmaceutical workers was 43.9% (247/563), and the leading body part-specific prevalence rate from high to low was 34.3% in the lower back, 24.3% in the upper back, 24.0% in the shoulders, and 23.8% in the neck. The prevalence rate of WMSDs symptoms in multiple body parts (30.0%) was 2.16 times higher than that in single body part (13.9%), and the prevalence rate of WMSDs symptoms in four body parts was the highest (11.4%). The results of multiple logistic regression analysis showed that age ≥50 years (reference age <30 years) (OR=2.140, 95%CI: 1.054-4.345), often or very often (reference never/rarely) long-time head rotating (OR=2.695, 95%CI: 1.753-4.142) and long-time keeping arms above shoulders (OR=1.902, 95%CI: 1.108-3.265) increased the risk of reporting WMSDs symptoms (P<0.05). Regarding education level, workers with high school and technical secondary school (OR=0.333, 95%CI: 0.175-0.636) or college and above (OR=0.413, 95%CI: 0.216-0.790) education had a lower risk of reporting WMSDs symptoms than those with middle school or below (P<0.05). Conclusion The prevalence rate of reporting WMSDs symptoms in chemical pharmaceutical industry is high, the involving body parts are lower back, upper back, shoulders, and neck, and reporting simultaneous occurrence of WMSDs symptoms in multiple body parts is common. The chemical pharmaceutical manufacturers can reduce the risk of WMSDs by strengthening the training on workers' ergonomics knowledge, paying attention to the less educated personnel, protecting the elderly workers, and avoiding awkward work postures, like rotating head for a long time and raising arms over shoulders.
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Methods@#Data analysis was carried out to identify the variables that had a significant impact on survival. For all patients with spinal metastasis from lung cancer who received non-surgical treatment, the Tomita score, revised Tokuhashi score, modified Bauer score, Van der Linden score, classic SORG algorithm, SORG nomogram, and NESMS were calculated. The performance of the scoring systems was assessed by using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves at 3 months, 6 months, and 12 months. The predictive accuracy of the scoring systems was quantified using the area under the ROC curve (AUC). @*Results@#A total of 127 patients are included in the present study. The median survival of the population study was 5.3 months (95% confidence interval [CI], 3.7–9.6 months). Low hemoglobin was associated with shorter survival (hazard ratio [HR], 1.49; 95% CI, 1.00–2.23; p =0.049), while targeted therapy after spinal metastasis was associated with longer survival (HR, 0.34; 95% CI, 0.21–0.51; p <0.001). In the multivariate analysis, targeted therapy was independently associated with longer survival (HR, 0.3; 95% CI, 0.17–0.5; p <0.001). The AUC of the time-dependent ROC curves for the above prognostic scores revealed all of them performed poorly (AUC <0.7). @*Conclusions@#The seven scoring systems investigated are ineffective at predicting survival in patients with spinal metastasis from lung cancer who are treated non-surgically.
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Liver fibrosis is a key step in the progression of chronic liver diseases to liver cirrhosis and even liver cancer. In recent years， a large number of studies have shown the necessity of intervening in the process of liver fibrosis， and various anti-liver fibrosis drugs and active ingredients have been discovered. Non-coding RNAs also play an important role in the process of liver fibrosis， and searching for upstream non-coding RNAs that can regulate signaling pathways can provide new insights for anti-liver fibrosis treatment. This article introduces the process of liver fibrosis mediated by the TGF-β， Wnt/β-catenin， PI3K/Akt/mTOR， NF-κβ， Hippo， and MAPK signaling pathways， lists the latest anti-liver fibrosis drugs or active components in each signaling pathway， and summarizes the research advances in anti-liver fibrosis targets and drugs mediated by related non-coding RNAs， so as to provide new research ideas and treatment methods for anti-liver fibrosis treatment.
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Objective To investigate the combined effect of noise and hand-transmitted vibration on hearing loss in male noise-exposed workers. Methods A total of 952 male noise-exposed workers from an automobile manufacturing enterprise were selected as the research subjects using judgment sampling method. Occupational epidemiological surveys, assessments of occupational hazards in workplace, and pure-tone audiometry tests were conducted on the research subjects, and they were divided into low-level noise group, low-level combined group, high-level noise group, and high-level combined group according to whether the noise exposure level exceeded the national standard and whether they were jointly exposed to hand-transmitted vibration. The joint effects of noise and hand-transmitted vibration on hearing loss were analyzed. Results The detection rate of hearing loss in 952 noise-exposed workers was 21.7%. The detection rate of hearing loss of four groups, from high to low, was as follows： high-level combined group, high-level noise group, low-level combined group, and low-level noise group (44.9% vs 32.7% vs 12.9% vs 5.7%, P<0.01). The results of multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that the risk of hearing loss in the low-level noise group, the low-level combined group, the high-level noise group and the high-level combined group increased sequentially after adjusting for the confounding factors such as age, education level, smoking, drinking, listening to music with headphones, frequency of wearing noise-blocking earplugs and body mass index. The risk of hearing loss in the high-level noise group was 8.62 times more than that of the low-level noise group (P<0.01). The risk of hearing loss in the low-level noise combined group was 2.50 times more than that of the low-level noise group (P<0.01). The risks of hearing loss in the high-level combined group were 5.76 and 1.67 times more than that of the low-level combined group and the high-level noise group. Conclusion Combined exposure to noise and hand-transmitted vibration can increase the risk of hearing loss in male noise-exposed workers, and the higher the noise intensity, the greater the synergistic effect. Hand-transmitted vibration is a synergistic risk factor for occupational noise-induced hearing loss.