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Introducción : el tratamiento de la insuficiencia cervical es el cerclaje cervical. Pese a este tratamiento el riesgo de parto prematuro persiste elevado en mujeres con insuficiencia cervical. La mejor forma y utilidad del seguimiento ecográfico de mujeres cercladas es desconocida. El objetivo de esta revisión fue evaluar la capacidad pronóstica de la ecografía transvaginal para predecir riesgo de parto prematuro luego de un cerclaje cervical. Materiales y métodos : realizamos una revisión sistemática de la literatura incluyendo estudios que evaluaran el valor pronóstico de la ecografía transvaginal luego de un cerclaje cervical, para predecir parto prematuro. Resultados : incluimos 14 estudios en la revisión. El parámetro más frecuentemente asociado con parto prematuro fue la longitud cervical posterior al cerclaje, aunque con capacidad predictiva moderada. El punto de corte para definir pacientes en riesgo varió entre 15-28 mm. Conclusión : la longitud cervical disminuida posterior a un cerclaje se asocia con mayor riesgo de parto prematuro. No se ha establecido un valor de corte único ni la utilidad clínica del seguimiento ecográfico de mujeres cercladas.
Introduction : The management of cervical insufficiency involves a cervical cerclage. Despite this treatment, patients with cervical insufficiency remain at high risk of preterm delivery. The best method and utility of ultrasound monitoring for women with cervical cerclage is unknown. The objective of this revision was to evaluate the prognostic performance of ultrasonographic cervical assessment to predict preterm labor after a cervical cerclage. Material and methods : We conducted a systematic literature review, including studies that assessed the prognostic value of transvaginal ultrasound after cervical cerclage in predicting premature birth. Results : We included 14 studies in our review. The most frequently evaluated parameter was cervical length after the cerclage, although with only moderate predictive capacity. The length used to define prognosis varied from 15 to 28 mm. Conclusion : Short cervical length after a cerclage is associated with a higher risk of preterm delivery. A single cutoff value and the clinical utility of ultrasound monitoring for women with cervical cerclage have not been established.
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Objective To explore the clinical efficacy of using rituximab and atoxiban in the treatment of cervical incompetence after emergency cervical cerclage surgery.Methods Sixty patients with cervical incompetence admitted from May 2020 to February 2022 were selected as the study subjects.Divide into control group A,control group B,and trial group C using random number table method,with 20 cases in each group.All three groups underwent emergency cervical cerclage surgery.After the surgical treatment,control group A received treatment with rituximab hydrochloride,control group B received treatment with atoxiban,and experimental group C received treatment with atoxiban on the basis of rituximab hydrochloride.Analyze and compare the inhibitory effects of uterine contractions,incidence of adverse reactions,and neonatal outcomes among three groups.Results The inhibition rate of uterine contractions in control group A and test group C was higher than that in control group B(P<0.05);The incidence of postoperative complications in experimental group C was lower than that in control group A and control group B,with a statistically significant difference(P<0.05);Compared with control group A and control group B,the incidence of fetal loss,neonatal asphyxia,and low birth weight infant outcomes in experimental group C was not statistically significant(P>0.05).Compared with control group A and control group B,experimental group C had a longer gestational week extension and a higher Apgar score for newborns,with statistically significant differences(P<0.05).Conclusion The combination treatment of rituximab and atoxiban after emergency cervical cerclage surgery for this disease has good effects,can better inhibit uterine contractions,appropriately prolong gestational age,improve neonatal outcomes and prognosis,and reduce adverse drug reactions in pregnant women.
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Objective·To investigate the distribution characteristics of vaginal flora in patients with cervical incompetence(CIC),and the effect of cervical cerclage on pregnancy outcome in patients with CIC with abnormal vaginal flora.Methods·A total of 1 261 pregnant women participated in the study.According to the diagnosis,they were divided into cervical incompetence group(CIC group)and normal pregnancy group(NP group).The CIC group patients randomly received cervical cerclage(CIC-C group)or expectation therapy(CIC-E group).Vaginal secretion samples of the patients in the groups were collected and analyzed in the laboratory.Meanwhile,through the results of vaginal flora,the CIC-C group and CIC-E group were further divided into normal vaginal flora groups(CIC-C-N group and CIC-E-N group)and abnormal vaginal flora groups(CIC-C-A group and CIC-E-A group).All groups were processed accordingly and analyzed on pregnancy outcomes.T-test and Chi-squared test were used for comparison between the groups,and One-way ANOVA was used for comparison among the three groups.Statistical significance was accepted at a value of P＜0.05.Results·Among 1 261 vaginal secretion specimens,the positive rate of pathogenic bacteria was 22.0％(277/1 261).The pathogen detection rates in the CIC group and NP group were 32.9％(229/696)and 8.5％(48/565).Twenty-three types of vaginal flora were detected in the CIC group,and 9 were detected in the NP group.The proportions of women who had term birth were 75.94％in the CIC-C group,70.03％in the CIC-E group,and 87.79％in the NP group(P=0.000).Compared with the CIC-C-A group,the CIC-E-A group had a lower term delivery rate(61.84％vs 77.78％,P=0.011)and a higher incidence of pregnancy complications(22.37％vs 9.15％,P=0.006).Conclusion·There are differences in the distribution and diversity of vaginal flora between CIC patients and normal pregnant women.Cervical cerclage can improve pregnancy outcomes in CIC patients with abnormal vaginal flora.
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ABSTRACT Purpose: To determine the predictive value of maternal White Blood Cells (WBC), neutrophils, and C-Reactive Protein (CRP) for diagnosing Histological Chorioamnionitis (HCA) among women with Preterm Premature Rupture of Membranes (PPROM) who underwent cervical cerclage. Methods: A retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted among women with singleton pregnancy and PPROM, who underwent cervical cerclage during 2018-2020. Results: A total of 55 eligible women were included in the final analysis, including 36 (61.02%) cases with HCA and 19 (38.98%) without HCA. Women with HCA had higher WBC count (12.31 ± 2.80) × 109/L and neutrophil count (9.67 ± 2.90)×109/L than those without HCA (10.35 ± 2.53) × 109/L and 7.82 ± 2.82 × 109/L, respectively) (both p < 0.05). The cut-off value of WBC count at 10.15×109/L was found to be the most effective in identifying HCA, with an Area Under Curve (AUC) of 0.707 (95% CI: 0.56-0.86; p = 0.012), sensitivity of 86.11%, specificity of 57.90%, Positive Predictive Value (PPV) of 79.49%, Negative Predictive Value (NPV) of 68.75%, and Youden index of 0.44. The combination of WBC + neutrophil had a slightly higher (AUC = 0.711, 95% CI: 0.57-0.86; p = 0.011), specificity (68.42%), and PPV (81.25%), but lower sensitivity (72.22%), than the WBC count alone. A cut-off value of neutrophil at 7.46 × 109/L was effective in identifying HCA, with an AUC of 0.689 (95% CI: 0.53-0.84; p = 0.022). Discussion: Combination use of WBC+neutrophil was found to be the most accurate predictor of HCA among women with PPROM after surgery of cervical cerclage.
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Background: Several interventions have been used to reduce the rate of preterm birth and prolonging gestation in a twin pregnancy and routine usage of cervical cerclage in twin pregnancy conceived after intra-cytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) procedure has found to be beneficial.Methods: Prospective case series studies, series of expectant mothers with twin pregnancy conceived by ICSI were studied under tertiary care hospital setting. A total of 108 cases with twin pregnancy were included during a period of 2016 to 2019. Obstetric profile of all the cases was taken; cervical cerclage procedure was done at 14-16 weeks of gestation (McDonald method) after a normal nuchal translucency scan and a double marker test. Pregnancy outcome parameters like abortion, preterm labour/delivery, premature rupture of membranes (PROM), and mode of delivery, gestational age at delivery, birth weight and neonatal complications were assessed.Results: Mean age of the mothers was 30.61±4.45 years, rates of the pregnancy outcome parameters were abortion 0%, preterm labour 11.1%, premature rupture of membranes (PROM) 9.3%, mean gestational age at delivery was at 34.56±1.71 weeks. Neonatal outcome parameters were mean birth weight was at 2279±470 grams, 77.8% of the neonates had normal APGAR scores. The rates of NICU admission was 28%, RDS– 24.1%, 3.7% had sepsis and 92.6% of neonates survived and 7.4% died.Conclusions: In ICSI twin pregnancies with normal cervical measurements, prophylactic cervical cerclage is effective in prolonging pregnancy and preventing preterm delivery and thereby minimizing neonatal morbidity and mortality.
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La insuficiencia del cérvix es una alteración del tejido cervical que impide mantener el embarazo hasta su término, provocando pérdidas fetales recurrentes en el segundo trimestre de embarazo. Se presenta un caso de incompetencia cervical, causante de tres abortos previos, el último pese a cerclaje vaginal; por tanto, se realiza cerclaje por vía abdominal, logrando un embarazo viable hasta las 35,6 semanas, que termina en cesárea por amenaza de parto pretérmino y ruptura prematura de membranas. Además, se expone una revisión de la literatura sobre el tratamiento de esta patología..Au
Incompetence of the cervix is an alteration of the cervical tissue that prevents maintaining the pregnancy until its term, causing recurrent fetal losses in the second trimester of pregnancy. A case of cervical incompetence is presented, causing three consecutive abortion, the last one despite vaginal cerclage, therefore, abdominal cerclage is performed,achieving a viable pregnancy until 35,6 weeks, ending in caesarean section due to threat of preterm delivery plus premature rupture of membranes. In addition, a review of the literature on the treatment of this pathology is presented..Au
الموضوعات
Female , Cerclage, Cervical , Abortionالملخص
BACKGROUND: This study aimed to evaluate the effect of cervical cerclage on the recurrence risk for preterm birth in singleton pregnant women after a twin spontaneous preterm birth (sPTB).METHODS: This multicenter retrospective cohort study included women who had a singleton pregnancy from January 2009 to December 2018 at 10 referral hospitals and a twin sPTB before the current pregnancy. We compared the cervical lengths during pregnancy and pregnancy outcomes, according to the placement of prophylactic or emergency cerclage. We evaluated the independent risk factors for sPTB (< 37 weeks of gestation) in a subsequent singleton pregnancy.RESULTS: For the index singleton pregnancy, preterm birth occurred in seven (11.1%) of 63 women. There was no significant difference in the cervical lengths during pregnancy in women with and without cerclage. In a multivariate logistic regression analysis, the placement of emergency cerclage was an independent risk factor for subsequent singleton preterm birth (odds ratio [OR], 93.188; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.633–5,316.628; P = 0.027); however, the placement of prophylactic cerclage (OR, 19.264; 95% CI, 0.915–405.786; P = 0.057) was not a factor. None of the women who received prophylactic cerclage delivered before 35 weeks' gestation in the index singleton pregnancy.CONCLUSION: Cerclage did not lower the risk of preterm birth in a subsequent singleton pregnancy after a twin sPTB. However, emergency cerclage was an independent risk factor for preterm birth and there was no preterm birth before 35 weeks' gestation in the prophylactic cerclage group. Therefore, close monitoring of the cervical length and prophylactic cerclage might be considered in women who have experienced a twin sPTB at extreme gestation.
الملخص
Background: Cervical incompetence occasionally results in mid-trimester pregnancy loss, preterm labour and increased foetal morbimortality. History-indicated cerclage is proposed when obstetric history suggests cervical incompetence. The aim of this study was to evaluate the maternal-foetal outcomes following prophylactic cervical cerclage.Methods: Retrospective study reviewing data of all women undergoing transvaginal history-indicated cerclage from January 1st, 2008 to December 31th, 2017 at Centro Hospitalar Universitário do Algarve - Faro. Primary outcome: gestational age <37weeks at birth. Secondary outcomes: neonatal morbimortality and intensive care unit (NICU) admission and maternal morbidity. Data were analyzed with IBM SPSS Statistics 23.Results: A total of 12 history-indicated cerclages were performed (9 women). At first cerclage, mean maternal age, gestity, parity and live children were 27.6, 2.44, 1.11 and 0.78 (87.7% preterm), respectively. At cerclage placement, mean gestational age and cervical length were 16.1 weeks and 27.5mm. Average hospital admission was 10.7 days. In all cases McDonald technique was performed. Four hospital readmissions occurred for threatened labour. Mean gestational age at cerclage removal was 36.9 weeks (83.3% in ambulatory) and 38.9 at delivery. Average time between cerclage removal and labour was 14.5 days. Spontaneous onset of labour occurred in 75% and vaginal delivery in 83.4%. There were no reports of preterm birth, foetal admission to NICU or maternal complications. Mean number of live children after procedure was 1.58.Conclusions: Prophylactic cervical cerclage seems to improve pregnancy outcome with minimal maternal risks. However, our data suggest over inclusion of women, with unnecessary procedures, emphasizing the importance of re-evaluating inclusion criteria.
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Cervical cerclage (CC) has been utilized for the cure of loss in second trimester pregnancy. The detection of cervical incompetency is problematic normally having repeated second trimester demise or early preterm delivery after cervical dilatation without pain having no bleeding, contractions, or other reasons for repeated loss in pregnancy. This study was performed at a tertiary care hospital in Dhaka, Bangladesh. These are 2 cases of patients undergoing emergency mid-trimester cerclage for advanced cervical dilatation with protruding membranes in 2016 and 2017. The 1st case patient was at 22 weeks of gestation and was admitted into hospital due to short history of lower abdominal pain and per vaginal bleeding. Vaginal inspection showed the cervix was dilated 1.5 cm. At 37 weeks of pregnancy she gave birth to a healthy female newborn by caesarean section and McDonald suture was removed. After delivery, mother and baby both were in good health. The 2nd case was of a patient of 26 years of age, second gravida, 24 weeks pregnant due to ovulation induction drug, who had a history of an abortion at 10 weeks. At her 24 weeks of pregnancy, she complained of profuse P/V whitish discharge and lower abdominal pain. It was found cervix was 2.5 cm dilated and bulging of membrane. Immediately McDonald suture was given. Patient was clinically improved, and USG showed OS is closed, length of the cervix is about 4.4 cm. At 32 weeks patient came with a complaint of rupture of membrane, then emergency caesarean section was done. A healthy premature female baby weighted 1.8 kg was delivered by vertex presentation. After operation, cerclage was removed. After delivery mother and baby both were in good health. Satisfactory neonatal result may be achieved in women having cervical deficiency in second-trimester pregnancy after emergency CC.
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OBJECTIVE: To retrospectively analyze and compare the clinical effects of transvaginal cervical cerclage during pregnancy with different surgical indications.METHODS: A total of 39 patients who underwent transvaginal cervical cerclage during pregnancy in the Gynaecology and Obstetrics Department of the First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University from July 2012 to June 2018 were enrolled.The patients were grouped according to the indications of surgery:those with the history of late abortion or preterm labor being the indication of surgery were the indication of the history of the cerclage group（group H,20）,and those with the length of the cervix being shortened or the shape of the cervix being changed in vaginal ultrasound indication cerclage group（group U,20）.The patients whose hysical examination revealed dilated cervix with or without amniocentesis were included as emergency cerclage group（group E,7）.The clinical effects of vaginal cervical cerclage during pregnancy were compared among the 3 groups.RESULTS: The gestational week of cerclage in the H group[（15.64 ± 2.96）w] was shorter than that in the U group[（22.04±5.01）w]and the E group[（22.08±2.96）w],and the difference was statistically significant（P0.05）.The extended days[（29.43±47.24）d],gestational age of delivery[（26.39±6.52）w],full-term birth rate（14.29%）and live birth rate（28.57%）in group E were all lower than those in group H[（136.45±53.70）d,（35.60±7.07）w,69.57%,86.36%]and group U[（103.40±36.15）d,（36.81±3.45）w,70.00%,100.00% ],with statistically significant differences（P0.05）.The abortion rate（71.42%）in group E was higher than that in group H（13.04%）and group U（00.00%）（P0.05）.There was no significant difference in preterm birth rate among the three groups（P>0.05）.CONCLUSION: Cervical cerclage with three different surgical indications can effectively improve the pregnancy outcome of patients with cervical insufficiency.The pregnancy outcomes are similar between the indication of the history of the cerclage and the vaginal ultrasound indication cerclage,but better than the emergency cerclage.
الملخص
OBJECTIVE: Our hospital's policy is to perform history-indicated cerclage (HIC) for pregnant patients with 1 or more second-trimester pregnancy losses. Recently, the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (ACOG) guideline regarding indications for HIC was changed from 3 or more previous second-trimester fetal losses to one or more. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the efficacy of the revised guideline and to investigate the association between previous preterm history and cerclage outcome. METHODS: We conducted a retrospective observational study of cases of HIC in singleton pregnancies performed at our hospital between January 2007 and June 2016. We compared the perioperative complications and incidences of preterm delivery in patients with one previous second-trimester pregnancy loss against those in patients with ≥2 losses. RESULTS: The incidence of preterm delivery (< 32 weeks) was significantly lower in patients with one previous second-trimester pregnancy loss than in those with ≥2 losses (15/194 [8%] vs. 28/205 [14%]). In the 1 loss and ≥2 losses groups, the rates of preterm premature rupture of membranes (PPROM) were 7% and 8%, the rates of PPROM at < 32 weeks 2.1% and 3.4%, and the ratios of neonatal intensive care unit admission 10% and 17%, respectively. CONCLUSION: Comparison of HIC in one previous second-trimester pregnancy loss group with HIC in the 2 or more previous second-trimester pregnancy loss group found no difference in pregnancy outcome. This finding supports the amended ACOG guideline for HIC indications. Based on our results, we also propose development of a new protocol for HIC-related complications.
الموضوعات
Female , Humans , Infant, Newborn , Pregnancy , Cerclage, Cervical , Incidence , Intensive Care, Neonatal , Membranes , Observational Study , Pregnancy Outcome , Premature Birth , Retrospective Studies , Rupture , Uterine Cervical Incompetenceالملخص
To study maternal and perinatal outcomes after cervical cerclage in both singleton and twin pregnancies,we retrospectively reviewed women undergoing cervical cerclage for cervical insufficiency at Tongji Hospital,Wuhan,China from January 1,2010 to July 31,2015 to evaluate primary and secondary outcomes for subgroups with cervical length (CL) ≤15,＞15 to ＜25,and ≥25 mm.Of 166 patients who underwent cervical cerclage,after exclusion of patients with missed abortion and continuing pregnancy,141 patients (121 singleton and 20 twin pregnancies) were included in the analysis.Mean gestational age at birth was 34.22 and 28.27 weeks for singleton and twin pregnancies,respectively.There were 17 (14.05％) and 13 (33.33％) neonatal deaths in singleton and twin pregnancies,respectively.Mean age (31.60-±4.62 vs.31.22±4.63 years,P=0.39) and gestational weeks at cerclage (18.50-±4.62 vs.19.31±4.99,P=0.47) were similar for both groups.Mean gestational weeks at delivery (34.22±5.77 vs.28.27±6.17,P＜0.001) and the suture to delivery interval (15.72±7.15 vs.8.96±6.70,P＜0.001) were significantly longer in the singleton group.These variables indicate a linear negative correlation with the degree of CL shortening,with better outcomes in patients with CL ≥25 mm who underwent cerclage,both in singleton and twin pregnancies.No difference in mode of delivery existed between the singleton group and twin group.Our results indicate a high risk of preterm delivery in both groups,especially in the twin group.Patients with a history of preterm labor and CL ＞25 mm in the current pregnancy,possibly in a twin pregnancy,could benefit from elective cervical cerclage;however,cervical cerclage was inadvisable for twin pregnancies with a CL ＞15 and ＜25 mm.Our data emphasize the importance of re-evaluating the efficacy of cervical cerclage for twin pregnancies in well-designed clinical trials.
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Objective To explore the value of minimally invasive isthmic cerclage by laparoscope in the treatment of cervical insufficiency.Methods 22 patients with uterine insufficiency were selected,including 14 cases of non pregnancy and 8 cases of pregnancy,they all had transvaginal cervical cerclage surgery failure history,and took uterine minimalist cerclage by laparoscope,regularly followed-up and the clinical effect was observed.Results There were 14 cases of non-pregnancy,11 cases of post-operative pregnancy,35+3 to 40+3 weeks of gestation termination,average (38.6 ± 1.2) weeks of gestation,7 cases of gestation,37 +5 to 39 +4 weeks,mean (38.5 ±0.4) weeks.Conclusion Minimally invasive cervix cerclage by laparoscope is a good choice for those who have undergone transvaginal cerclage.
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Objective:To investigate the clinical value of emergency cervical cerclage combined mesh patch suture in the treatment of cervical incompetence.Methods:From January 2011 to August 2016 in our hospital 65 cases of pregnant women with inevitable abortion,32 cases of they had carried out emergency cervical cerclage combined mesh patch suture(group A),33 cases of they had carried out cervical cerclage only(group B),The prolongation of gestation time,delivery gestational age,neonatal outcome,delivery mode and postoperative complications were compared between the two groups.Results:The operation time of A group was higher than that of group B,surgical complications of cervical laceration in group A was less than B group,the difference was statistically significant(P ＜ 0.05);there was no significant difference in the incidence of chorioamnionitis between the two groups(P＞0.05);the gestational age of group A was extended to 84.45 ±35.77 days,and the gestational age of B group was extended to 51.86 ±29.93 days,there was statistically significant difference between the two groups(P＜0.05);there was more than 28 weeks delivery in 23 cases(71.88％) in group A,and 17 cases (51.52％) in group B,the difference was statistically significant(P ＜ 0.05);there were no statistically significant differences in the delivery mode between the two groups(P ＞ 0.05);neonatal birth weight,birth Apgar 1 minutes score of group B were significantly lower than those of group A,the difference was statistically significant (P ＜0.05).Conclusions:Emergency cervical cerclage combined mesh patch suture can effectively prolong the gestational age,improve neonatal outcome,no obvious complication and has certain clinical applicative value.
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Mujer nulípara infértil de 37 años presentó un embarazo heterotópico cervical luego de tratamiento por fecundación in vitro. Una intervención temprana durante la 6ta semana de gestación logró remover el saco cervical mediante un aspirador manual. Para prevenir una posible hemorragia, se realizó la ligadura de las ramas cérvico-uterinas y se colocó un cerclaje cervical, antes de la aspiración. Se logró extraer el embarazo cervical con mínima hemorragia. El embarazo intrauterino progresó sin complicaciones, resultando en el parto de un varón de 2740 g, a las 35.4 semanas.
A 37-year-old nulligravida infertile female had a cervical heterotopic pregnancy following an in vitro fertilization procedure. Early intervention on the 6th week of gestation with a manual vacuum aspirator reached to remove the cervical pregnancy. Ligation of the descending cervical branches of the uterine arteries and a cervical cerclage, were placed before the aspiration, for prevention of possible hemorrhage. Successful removal of the cervical pregnancy was achieved with only mild bleeding. An intrauterine pregnancy progressed to viability without complications, resulting in a vaginal delivery of a preterm live-birth at 35.4 weeks, of a male that weighted 2740 g.
الموضوعات
Humans , Male , Female , Pregnancy , Infant, Newborn , Adult , Fertilization in Vitro/adverse effects , Pregnancy, Heterotopic/surgery , Pregnancy Outcome , Treatment Outcome , Cerclage, Cervical , Pregnancy, Heterotopic/diagnosisالملخص
Objective To observe the pregnancy by transvaginal double slit cervical pregnancy outcome after ligation,and evaluate its clinical application value.Methods The clinical data of 80 cases with cervical incompe-tence were analyzed.All patients had pregnant metaphase inevitable abortion history,the average abortion pregnant was 21.7 week.According to different treatment methods,80 cases were divided into two groups,treatment group (40 cases)in non pregnant women with silk thread woven tape by double vagina and cervix cerclage,another group of 40 cases in 15 -20 weeks of pregnancy by using polypropylene McDonald method with cerclage.The operation,preg-nancy cervical tube length and pregnancy outcome were observed.Results The average operation time and bleeding volume between the two groups had no statistically significant differences.The pregnancy cervical average length of the treatment group was 4.6(4.8 ±0.5)cm,which was significantly longer than 3.9(3.1 ±0.8)cm of the control group (t =2.732,P <0.05).In the treatment group,the full -term delivery rate,preterm delivery rate,mean gestational age at delivery were 55.0%(22 /40),40.0%(16 /40),35.8 weeks,the average abortion was extended 14.1 weeks com-pared with preoperation,fetal survival rate was 90.0%(36 /40),neonatal birth weight was (3 100.0 ±200.0)g;28 gestational weeks following the inevitable abortion rate was 2.5%(1 /40).In the control group,the term delivery rate was 35.0%(14 /40),the rate of premature birth was 50.0%(20 /40),and the rate of abortion was 15.0%(6 /40)in 28 weeks.Mean gestational age at delivery was 33.2 weeks,which was extended 11.5 weeks compared with preoperative average abortion,fetal survival rate was 85.0% (34 /40),neonatal body mass was (2 900.0 ±300.0)g. The term delivery rate,fetal survival rate and neonatal weight in the treatment group were higher than those in the con-trol group.Conclusion Pregnant by double vagina and cervix cerclage treatment cervical function can maintain preg-nancy,cervical length,prolong the time of pregnancy and improve the perinatal survival rate,simple operation,take out stitches convenient,it is worthy of clinical application.
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Cervical incompetence is characterized by painless dilatation of the incompetent cervix and results in miscarriages and preterm delivery during second trimester. We report a 25-year-old patient, gravid 2, para 1, at 11 weeks' gestation with the diagnosis of cervical incompetence, in whom transvaginal cerclage was not technically possible and laparoscopic cervical cerclage was performed successfully. There were no operative or immediate postoperative complications. A healthy infant was delivered at 35 weeks by cesarean section. Laparoscopic cervical cerclage during pregnancy can be safe and effective treatment for well-selected patients with cervical incompetence and eliminates the need for open laparotomy.
الموضوعات
Adult , Female , Humans , Infant , Pregnancy , Abortion, Spontaneous , Cerclage, Cervical , Cesarean Section , Diagnosis , Dilatation , Laparoscopy , Laparotomy , Postoperative Complications , Pregnancy Trimester, Second , Uterine Cervical Incompetenceالملخص
El cerclaje es un factor de riesgo de rotura prematura pretérmino de membranas (RPPM). La RPPM ocurre en aproximadamente un 38-65 por ciento de los embarazos con cerclaje y no existe consenso aún sobre cuál es el manejo más adecuado: retirar o mantener el cerclaje. En esta revisión presentamos la evidencia disponible en relación al retiro versus mantención del cerclaje y su directa influencia sobre el resultado materno-perinatal, con el objetivo de proponer una pauta de manejo. La mantención del cerclaje se asoció a un aumento de la latencia al parto mayor a 48 horas, a un aumento en la incidencia de corioamnionitis clínica, y aumento en la incidencia de mortalidad neonatal por sepsis. Conclusión: en pacientes embarazadas con cerclaje que presentan RPPM antes de las 34 semanas proponemos como la conducta más adecuada la mantención del cerclaje sólo hasta completar la inducción de madurez pulmonar con corticoides, luego retirar el cerclaje y proceder al manejo habitual de un embarazo con RPPM antes de las 34 semanas.
Cervical cerclage is a risk factor for preterm premature rupture of membranes (PPROM). PPROM occurs in about 38-65 percent of pregnancies with cerclage. There is no consensus on whether to remove or retain the cerclage after PPROM. Here we review the evidence about clinical management of PPROM in women with cerclage and its influence on maternal and neonatal outcome. Retained cerclage was found to be associated to a prolongation of pregnancy by more than 48 hours, to a higher incidence of maternal chorioamnionitis and to a higher incidence of neonatal mortality from sepsis. In pregnancies with cerclage complicated with PPROM before 34 weeks we propose to retain the cerclage just enough time to complete fetal lung maturation with corticosteroid therapy, then remove the cerclage and manage pregnancy as any PPROM before 34 weeks.
الموضوعات
Humans , Female , Pregnancy , Infant, Newborn , Cerclage, Cervical/adverse effects , Fetal Membranes, Premature Rupture/epidemiology , Cerclage, Cervical/methods , Pregnancy Complications, Infectious , Chorioamnionitis/epidemiology , Gestational Age , Infant, Premature, Diseases/epidemiology , Risk Factors , Infant Mortality , Pregnancy Outcome , Sepsis/epidemiology , Decision Makingالملخص
OBJETIVO: Avaliação da evolução radiográfica da lesão da coluna vertebral cervical tratada pela fixação posterior isolada. MÉTODOS: De 2000 a 2008 foram selecionados 23 pacientes que atenderam aos critérios de inclusão do estudo. Eram masculinos 91,3% e a idade média foi de 34 anos e quatro meses. O tempo de seguimento médio foi de 82 meses. Foi avaliado no exame de imagem pré-operatório, pós-operatório imediato e após seis meses de evolução o tipo de implante, a consolidação da artrodese, se houve soltura do implante, perda de redução, cifose segmentar, degeneração de nível adjacente e pseudartrose. RESULTADOS: Em relação ao método de síntese, 60,8% dos pacientes foram submetidos ao amarrilho interespinhoso, 26% à placa com parafusos de massa lateral e 13% à barra com parafusos de massa lateral. Dos pacientes submetidos à fixação com parafusos, nenhum apresentou complicações radiográficas e 35,7% dos pacientes submetidos à artrodese com amarrilho interespinhoso tiveram complicação, sendo a mais frequente a cifose segmentar. CONCLUSÃO: As lesões da coluna cervical submetidas a artrodese com parafuso de massa lateral apresentaram uma evolução radiográfica melhor do que as submetidas a fixação com amarrilho interespinhoso, tendo este último apresentado maior incidência de complicações na artrodese.
OBJECTIVE: To perform a radiographic evaluation of the cervical spine injury treated with posterior fixation techniques only. METHODS: From 2000 to 2008, twenty three patients were included in the study, of which 91,3% were men, with a mean age of thirty-four years and four months. The mean follow-up time was 82 months. The type of implant used, the radiographic arthrodesis consolidation, implant failure, lost of reduction, segmental kyphosis and pseudarthrosis were evaluatedin the preoperative period, the immediate postoperative period and after six months of evolution, based on the patients records. RESULTS: When it comes to the type of implant used, there were 60,8% of the patients who underwent interspinous wire fixation, 26% with lateral mass screws and plate and 13% with lateral mass screws and rods. Of the lateral mass screws patients, none had radiographic complications and 35,7% of the interspinous wire patients had complications being the segmental kyphosis the most frequent of them. CONCLUSIONS: The cervical spine injuries that underwent lateral mass screw fixation showed better radiographic results, with less complications than the interspinous wire fixation.
OBJETIVO: Evaluación de la evolución radiológica de la lesión de la columna cervical tratada con fijación posterior aislada. MÉTODOS: De 2000 a 2008, se seleccionaron 23 pacientes que cumplían los criterios de inclusión del estudio. 91,3% eran varones y la edad media fue de 34 años y cuatro meses. El período de seguimiento promedio fue 82 meses. Se evaluó, en los exámenes de imágenes antes de la cirugía, inmediatamente después de la operación y después de seis meses de evolución, el tipo de implante, la consolidación de la artrodesis, si había aflojamiento del implante, la pérdida de la reducción, la cifosis segmentaria, la degeneración de nivel adyacente y la pseudoartrosis. RESULTADOS: En comparación con el método de síntesis, 60,8% de los pacientes se sometieron a fijación por cableado interespinoso, 26% a la placa con tornillos de masa lateral y 13% a la barra con tornillos de masa lateral. De los pacientes sometidos a fijación con tornillos, ninguno presentó complicaciones radiográficas y 35,7% de los pacientes sometidos a la fusión con el cableado interespinoso presentaron complicaciones, siendo la cifosis segmentaria la más frecuente. CONCLUSIÓN: Las lesiones de columna cervical sometidas a la fusión con el tornillo de masa lateral presentaron una evolución radiográfica mejor que las de quienesfueron sometidos a fijación con cableado interespinoso, esta última presentó una mayor incidencia de complicaciones en la artrodesis.
الموضوعات
Cerclage, Cervical , Cervical Vertebrae , Fracture Fixation , Internal Fixators , Orthopedic Fixation Devices , Spinal Fractures , Spinal Injuriesالملخص
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate pregnancy outcomes after electrosurgical conization. METHODS: We retrospectively analyzed the outcomes of 56 singleton pregnancies after electrosurgical conization of the uterine cervix. Of the 56 cases, 25 women underwent prophylactic cerclage with McDonald procedure (cerclage group), and 31 were managed expectantly (expectant group). Pregnancy outcomes including rate of preterm delivery were compared, and the effect of potential risk factors such as depth of cone, interval between conization and pregnancy, and cervical length on the risk of preterm delivery was assessed. RESULTS: The rate of preterm delivery was significantly higher in women with a history of electrosurgical conization than those without (32.1% vs. 15.2%, p<0.001). However, preterm delivery rate was not different between the two groups (expectant group vs. cerclage group; <28 week, 6.5% vs. 8.0%, p=1.000; <34 week, 19.4% vs. 20.0%, p=1.000; <37 week, 29.0% vs. 36.0%, p=0.579). All obstetric and neonatal outcomes were similar in the two groups. Even when we confined the study subjects to 19 women (19/56, 33.9%) with cervical length less than 25 mm, the preterm delivery rate also was not significantly different between the expectant (n=7) and cerclage group (n=12). Finally, the potential risk factors for preterm delivery were not associated with risk of preterm delivery in patients with a history of electrosurgical conization. CONCLUSION: The rate of preterm delivery was significantly higher in women with a history of electrosurgical conization before pregnancy. However, prophylactic cervical cerclage did not prevent preterm delivery in these patients.