Common mental disorders among patients with diabetes in a secondary care facility: nature, prevalence, and explanatory models

Background: Diabetes is a chronic medical condition which is psychologically and behaviourally demanding in nature. Persons with diabetes may be particularly vulnerable to developing mental health disorders. This study was conducted to estimate the prevalence and factors associated with common mental disorders (CMDs) in patients with diabetes and understand their explanatory models of illness. Methods: One hundred and seventy patients who attended the diabetic clinic at a secondary care hospital were recruited to participate in this cross-sectional study. Psychiatric morbidity and the individual's conceptualization of the illness were assessed using the clinical interview schedule-revised and the modified short explanatory model interview (SEMI) respectively. Socio-demographic and clinical details were recorded using a structured proforma. Results: CMDs were observed in 14.7% of the sample and were significantly associated with female gender, longer duration of diabetic illness and treatment, use of insulin and past treatment for psychiatric illness. Illness attributions included unhealthy diet, heredity, and stress, as well as punishment from God. Religious and traditional healing methods were cited as potential sources of help in addition to medical interventions and lifestyle modification. Conclusions: Diabetes can significantly impact the emotional health of an individual in addition to its myriad physical consequences. Understanding patient perspectives regarding their illness and identifying and providing appropriate interventions for those with emotional disorders are an important component of diabetes care programs.

Prevalence and sociodemographic determinants of common mental disorders (CMDs) symptoms in a rural adult population of Haryana, North India / Journal of Rural Medicine

Objectives: Common mental disorders (CMDs), including depression, anxiety, and somatoform disorders, affect all stages of life and impact individuals, families, and communities. This study aimed to determine the magnitude of CMDs and their sociodemographic determinants in the adult population of a rural block in North India.Material and Methods: A cross-sectional, quantitative, community-based study was conducted among adult residents of a rural block in Haryana, North India, using a multistage random sampling technique. The Hindi version of the General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-12), a well-validated tool, was used to screen participants for CMDs. Scores of 4 or above denoted the presence of CMDs. Bivariate analyses were performed to determine the associations between CMDs and sociodemographic characteristics.Results: Of the 180 residents selected for the study, most were women (60.0%) and aged between 31 and 50 years (52.3%). The prevalence of CMDs symptoms in the study population was 20.0%. The presence of CMDs symptoms was significantly higher among those who were aged 60 years or older [OR=12.33, 95% CI 3.21–47.38], widowed, divorced or separated [OR=7.50, 95% CI 1.09–51.52], illiterate [OR= 6.25, 95% CI 2.84–13.77], had monthly family income below 10,000 INR [OR=3.33, 95% CI 1.54–7.20], had any chronic physical illness [OR=8.28, 95% CI 3.70–18.56] and had a family history of any psychiatric illness [OR=5.56, 95% CI 1.52–19.42].Conclusion: The burden of CMDs was quite high among adults in rural North India. The presence of CMDs was closely associated with sociodemographic characteristics. Primary care and community-based settings need to screen for, diagnose, and manage CMDs to address this growing problem.

Association between low back pain and common mental disorders in adults: systematic review / Associação entre dor lombar e transtornos mentais comuns em adultos: revisão sistemática

ABSTRACT BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Low back pain (LBP) is one of the leading causes of disability worldwide. Its etiology is multifactorial and results in losses for individuals and society. The biopsychosocial model of LBP offers a comprehensive approach to assessment and interventions. Researchers investigate the relationship between LBP and Common Mental Disorders (CMD) within this concept. This systematic review aimed to identify and analyze recent studies on the topic. CONTENTS: The study was submitted to the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (registration number CRD 42020210375). The 27 articles in the corpus were selected from the Medlin/PubMed and BVS (Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde) databases from 2015 to 2022. Only those that investigated a possible relationship between CMD (anxiety or depression) and LBP in adult populations were included. Most articles in the corpus confirmed the relationship between LBP and CMD, however, gaps were identified regarding the direction of causality between the two outcomes and why this relationship was established. Methodological limitations in relation to sample selection and LBP assessment instruments used were also identified. CONCLUSION: This review highlights the need for studies on the topic with greater methodological criteria and with a design that allows causality to be assessed. Thus, it will be possible to guide clinical practice based on scientific evidence. Longitudinal studies with an emphasis on the biopsychosocial model can contribute to support specific therapeutic approaches.

RESUMO JUSTIFICATIVA E OBJETIVOS: A dor lombar (DL) é uma das principais causas mundiais de incapacidade. Trata-se de um desfecho cuja etiologia é reconhecidamente multifatorial, com prejuízos para os indivíduos e a sociedade. O modelo biopsicos-social da DL apresenta uma abordagem ampla, tanto na avaliação quanto nas intervenções. A relação entre DL e Transtorno Mental Comum (TMC) é objeto de estudo dentro da concepção desse modelo. O presente estudo teve como objetivo identificar e analisar os estudos recentes sobre esse tema. CONTEÚDO: O estudo foi submetido ao International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (número de registro CRD 42020210375). Os 27 artigos do corpus foram selecionados das bases de dados Medline/Pubmed e BVS (Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde) no período de 2015 a 2022. Foram incluídos apenas aqueles que investigaram possíveis relações entre TMC (ansiedade ou depressão) e DL em populações adultas. A maioria dos artigos do corpus confirmou a relação entre DL e TMC, no entanto foram identificadas lacunas sobre a direção de causalidade entre os dois desfechos e sobre os motivos pelos quais essa relação se estabeleceu. Também foram identificadas limitações metodológicas em relação à seleção da amostra e aos instrumentos de avaliação da dor lombar utilizados. CONCLUSÃO: Esta revisão destacou a necessidade de estudos sobre o tópico com maiores critérios metodológicos e com um desenho que permita avaliar a causalidade. Assim, será possível orientar a prática clínica baseando-se em evidências científicas. Estudos longitudinais com ênfase no modelo biopsicossocial podem contribuir para embasar abordagens terapêuticas específicas.

Transtornos Mentais Comuns em quilombolas rurais do Norte de Minas Gerais, Brasil / Common Mental Disorders in rural "quilombolas" in the North of Minas Gerais, Brazil

Resumo O objetivo deste artigo é avaliar a prevalência e fatores associados aos Transtornos Mentais Comuns (TMC) em quilombolas residentes em comunidades rurais localizadas no norte de Minas Gerais, Brasil. Trata-se de estudo transversal realizado em 2019 a partir de entrevistas estruturadas e aplicação do Self Reporting Questionnaire (SRQ-20). Foi conduzida regressão logística binária. A prevalência de TMC foi de 38,7%. Houve maior chance de TMC entre quilombolas do sexo feminino (OR: 2,69; IC95% 2,00-3,62), com 1 a 8 anos de estudo (OR: 1,70; IC95% 1,15-2,51), renda familiar entre 1 a 1,5 salário mínimo (OR: 2,51; IC95% 1,60-3,94); que sofreram discriminação em serviços de saúde (OR: 2,44; IC95% 1,44-4,13); com autorrelato de doença pulmonar (OR: 2,10; IC95% 1,25-3,54), doença cardíaca (OR: 1,58; IC95% 1,01-2,50) e insuficiência renal crônica (OR: 1,97; IC95% 1,08-3,94), e com autopercepção de saúde negativa (OR: 3,07; IC95% 2,31-4,07). A alta prevalência de TMC observada neste estudo demonstra a necessidade de políticas de atenção à saúde mental voltadas para as populações vulnerabilizadas, como as comunidades quilombolas, a fim de mitigar o sofrimento mental e favorecer uma atenção profissional contextualizada com as singularidades das condições de vida e saúde desse grupo populacional.

Abstract The scope of this article is to assess the prevalence and factors associated with Common Mental Disorders (CMD) in "quilombolas" (Afro-Brazilian residents of quilombo settlements) in rural communities located in the North of Minas Gerais, Brazil. It is a cross-sectional study of 2019 based on structured interviews and application of a Self-Reporting Questionnaire (SRQ-20). Binary logistic regression was conducted. The prevalence of CMD was 38.7%. There was a higher preponderance of CMD among female quilombolas (OR: 2.69; 95%CI 2.00-3.62), with 1 to 8 years of schooling (OR: 1.70; 95%CI 1.15-2,51), family income of 1 to 1,5 minimum wages (OR: 2.51; 95%CI 1.60-3.94); who suffered discrimination in health services (OR: 2.44; 95%CI 1.44-4.13); with self-reported lung disease (OR: 2.10; 95%CI 1.25-3.54), heart disease (OR: 1.58; 95%CI 1.01-2.50) chronic renal failure (OR: 1.97; 95%CI 1.08-3.94), and negative self-perception of health (OR: 3.07; 95%CI 2.31-4.07). The high prevalence of CMD revealed in this study demonstrates the need for mental health care policies aimed at vulnerable populations, such as quilombola communities, in order to mitigate mental suffering and promote professional contextualized care for the idiosyncrasies of health and living conditions of this population group.

Transtornos mentais comuns entre gays: evidenciando vulnerabilidades na pandemia da Covid-19 / Common mental disorders among gay men: showing vulnerabilities in the covid-19 pandemic / Trastornos mentales comunes entre los homosexuales: evidencia de vulnerabilidades en la pandemia de

Objetivou-se investigar a incidência de Transtornos Mentais Comuns (TMC) entre gays e no intragrupo que se autoidentificam como afeminados, durante o período pandêmico. Para tanto, utilizou-se de forma remota o Self-Reporting Questionnaire (SRQ-20) junto a 43 participantes cisgêneros, bem como fez-se entrevistas junto a 08 gays que se autoidentificam como afeminados. Encontrou-se indicativo de TMC em 60,5% dos participantes. Há uma heterogeneidade nos modos de sofrimento mental entre homens gays durante a pandemia, uma vez que marcadores sociais como raça, renda, escolaridade, local de moradia e ser gay afeminado foram determinantes para o adoecimento mental. O confinamento social durante a pandemia ampliou as vulnerabilidades, seja pela intensificação do contato com a família de origem ­ tradicionalmente conservadora e heteronormativa ­ seja pelo afastamento dos espaços da cidade e dos laços comunitários e de acolhimento LGBTQ+. A incidência de TMC foi elevada dentre os participantes, em especial, no intragrupo dos gays afeminados (87,5%), evidenciando vulnerabilidades na pandemia da Covid-19. (AU)

The objective was to investigate the incidence of Common Mental Disorders (CMD) among gays and in the intragroup that self-identify aseffeminate gays,during the pandemic period. For this purpose, the Self-Reporting Questionnaire (SRQ-20) was used remotely with 43 cisgender participants, as well as interviews with 08 gays who recognized themselves as effeminate. Indicative of CMD was found in 60.5% of the participants. There is a heterogeneity in the modes of mental suffering among gay men during the pandemic,since social markers such as race, income, education, place of residence and being an effeminate gay were decisivefor mental illness. Social confinement during the pandemic increased vulnerabilities, either by intensifying contact with the family of origin -traditionally conservative and heteronormative -or by distancing from city spaces and LGBTQ + community and host ties. The incidence of CMD was high among the participants, especially in the intragroup of effeminate gays(87,5%), showing vulnerabilities in the Covid-19 pandemic. (AU)

Este estudio tuvo como objetivo investigar la incidencia de Trastornos Mentales Comunes (TMC) entre hombres homosexuales y en elintragrupo de hombres homosexualesautoidentificado comoafeminados,durante el período pandémico. Por lo tanto, se utilizó de forma remota el Self-ReportingQuestionnaire(SRQ-20) con 43 participantescisgéneros, así como entrevistas con08 gays que se reconocieron como afeminados. Indicativo de TMC se encontró en el 60,5% de los participantes. Existe heterogeneidad en las modalidades de sufrimiento mental entre los hombres homosexuales durante la pandemia, ya que los marcadores sociales como la raza, los ingresos, la educación, el lugar de residencia y ser homosexual fueron determinantesde lo sufrimiento mental. El confinamiento social durante la pandemia aumentó las vulnerabilidades, ya sea al intensificar el contacto con la familia de origen, tradicionalmente conservadora y heteronormativa, o al alejarse de los espacios de la ciudad y de los lazos de bienvenida comunitarios y LGBTQ +. La incidencia de TMC fue alta entre los participantes, especialmente en el intragrupo de hombres gay afeminados(87,5%), evidenciando vulnerabilidades en la pandemia de Covid-19. (AU)

Transtornos Mentais Comuns (TMC): um estudo com estudantes de cursos técnicos / Common Mental Disorders (CMD): a study with students from technical courses / Trastornos Mentales Comunes (TMC): un estudio con estudiantes de cursos técnicos

INTRODUÇÃO: O Transtorno Mental Comum (TMC), refere-se a um termo criado para designar um conjunto de sintomas não psicóticos que habitualmente estão relacionados com quadros subclínicos de ansiedade, depressão e estresse. OBJETIVO: Investigar a prevalência de TMC entre alunos dos Cursos Técnicos de Alimentos, Administração e Agropecuária. MÉTODO: Trata-se de uma pesquisa do tipo exploratória, descritiva e de abordagem quantitativa, a amostra foi composta por 253 alunos que voluntariamente responderam ao Self Report Questionnaire (SRQ-20) e a um questionário sociodemográfico. RESULTADOS: A maior parte da amostra foi do gênero feminino (63,2%), com idades entre 18 e 67 anos; 14,6% casados, 75,9% afirmaram ter uma religião e 48,6% se declaram de cor parda. A prevalência do TMC na população estudada foi de 42,3% e os principais sintomas apresentados foram: dormir mal, ter dificuldade para tomar decisões e ter falta de apetite. Foi observada uma associação significativa entre o sintoma tristeza, o vínculo de residência dos estudantes e o status marital dos seus pais. CONSIDERAÇÕES FINAIS: Espera-se que os resultados desta pesquisa venham subsidiar ações de prevenção a saúde mental do estudante do ensino técnico e tecnológico.

INTRODUCTION: Common Mental Disorder (CMD) is a term created to identify a set of non-psychotic symptoms usually related to subclinical conditions of anxiety, depression and stress. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the prevalence of CMD in students of a technical course in Food, Administration and Agriculture. METHOD: This is an exploratory, descriptive research with a quantitative approach. The sample consisted of 253 students who volunteered to answer the Self-Report Questionnaire (SRQ-20) and a sociodemographic questionnaire. RESULTS: Most of the sample was female (63.2%), aged between 18 and 67 years old; 14.6% were married, 75.9% claimed to have a religion and 48.6% self-identified as brown. The prevalence of CMD in the studied population was 42.3%, and the main symptoms presented were: poor sleeping, difficulty in making decisions and lack of appetite. A significant association was observed between the symptom of sadness and the students' residential situation and their parents' marital status. FINAL CONSIDERATIONS: The results of this research are expected to support actions to prevent mental health issues in technical and technological education students.

INTRODUCCIÓN: El Trastorno Mental Común (TMC) hace referencia a un término creado para designar un conjunto de síntomas no psicóticos que suelen estar relacionados con cuadros subclínicos de ansiedad, depresión y estrés. OBJETIVO: Investigar la prevalencia de TMC en estudiantes de Carreras Técnicas de Alimentos, Administración y Agropecuaria. MÉTODO: Se trata de una investigación descriptiva, exploratoria, con enfoque cuantitativo, la muestra estuvo conformada por 253 estudiantes que respondieron voluntariamente el Self Report Questionnaire (SRQ-20) y un cuestionario sociodemográfico. RESULTADOS: La mayoría de la muestra era del sexo femenino (63,2%), con edad entre 18 y 67 años; 14,6% casados, 75,9% afirmaba tener religión y 48,6% se declaraba morena. La prevalencia de TMC en la población estudiada fue de 42,3% y los principales síntomas presentados fueron: dormir mal, tener dificultad para tomar decisiones y tener falta de apetito. Se observó una asociación significativa entre el síntoma de tristeza, el vínculo de residencia de los estudiantes y el estado civil de sus padres. CONSIDERACIONES FINALES: Se espera que los resultados de esta investigación subsidien acciones para prevenir la salud mental de los estudiantes de educación técnica y tecnológica.

Transtorno mental comum em populações assistidas pela Atenção Primária à Saúde no Brasil: uma revisão integrativa / Common mental disorders among populations assisted by Primary Health Care in Brazil: an integrative review

Resumo Introdução Na Atenção Primária à Saúde são comuns os relatos de pacientes que apresentam queixas difusas, que indicam sofrimento psíquico, mas estes frequentemente não encontram o tratamento adequado pela dificuldade por parte dos agentes de saúde em reconhecerem e lidarem com as dimensões de sofrimento que não estão classificadas na nosografia psiquiátrica. Objetivo O objetivo do presente estudo foi realizar uma revisão integrativa sobre transtorno mental comum em populações inscritas e acompanhadas por serviços da Atenção Primária à Saúde no Brasil. Método Revisão Integrativa a partir de buscas de artigos publicados nas bases de dados BVS, Scielo, PubMed/Medline e Scopus, entre os anos de 1997 e 2018. Resultados As publicações revisadas apresentaram prevalências de transtorno mental comum que variaram de 20,5% a 64% em populações inscritas e acompanhadas por serviços da Atenção Primária à Saúde. Todos os estudos evidenciaram a associação de transtorno mental comum às situações de vulnerabilidades psicossociais. Os principais fatores associados foram: ser mulher, possuir baixa renda e ter menor nível educacional. Conclusão Os estudos analisados apontam para a importância de investimento em políticas públicas com vistas a diminuir as desigualdades sociais, além de destacarem a necessidade do investimento em estratégias de prevenção e cuidados de TMC.

Abstract Backround Patients attending Primary Health Care in Brazil frequently report diffuse complaints indicating mental suffering. However, it's common that they do not find adequate treatment due to the difficulty of health agents recognizing and dealing with the dimensions of suffering that are not classified in psychiatric nosography. Objective The objective of the present study was to make an integrative review of Common Mental Disorders in populations registered and monitored by Primary Health Care services in Brazil. Method Search of articles published in the BVS, Scielo, PubMed/Medline and Scopus databases from 1997 to 2018. Results The reviewed publications showed a prevalence of Common Mental Disorders ranging from 20.5% to 64% in populations attending primary health care services. All the studies showed an association between the Common Mental Disorders and situations of psychosocial vulnerability. The main associated factors were: being a woman, having a low income, and having a lower level of education. Conclusion The studies point out the importance of investing in public policies to reduce social inequalities. Furthermore, they emphasize the importance of investing in strategies for the prevention and care of Common Mental Disorders among populations attending primary health care in Brazil.

Meta-worry, anxiety, and depression in the coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic: Brazil, June 2020 / Metapreocupación, ansiedad y depresión en la pandemia de coronavirus (COVID-19): Brasil, junio de 2020

Abstract Introduction Threats to mental health and psychological well-being have been considered among the most challenging dimensions to deal with the COVID-19 pandemic. Objective To track the occurrence of significant anxiety and depression symptoms and the level of worry among residents in Brazil in June 2020. Method The final sample totaled 4,805 participants from all Brazilian states. A sociodemographic and health questionnaire (with questions related to COVID-19), the translated versions of the Meta-Worry Questionnaire, and the 4-item Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-4) were used. Inferential analyses were computed using the Multinomial Logistic Regression (backward stepwise) in which the PHQ-4 findings were stratified into four categories: no symptoms, only anxiety symptoms, only depression symptoms, and both symptoms. Results Research findings have shown that there are characteristics that predict greater exposure to significant symptoms of anxiety and depression (gender, age, and level of worry), with level of worry being the variable with the greatest impact on the model. Discussion and conclusion These data found during the COVID-19 pandemic intra-crisis period allow for early prediction of the negative outcomes associated with the pandemic, such as common mental disorders, and allocating interventions to help people to rationally deal with the stress related to this moment, regulating their emotions, and improving their overall mental health.

Resumen Introducción Las amenazas a la salud mental y el bienestar psicológico se han considerado entre las dimensiones más desafiantes de abordar en la pandemia de COVID-19. Objetivo Rastrear la ocurrencia de síntomas significativos de ansiedad y depresión y el nivel de preocupación entre los residentes en Brasil en junio de 2020. Método La muestra final totalizó 4,805 participantes de todos los estados brasileños. Se utilizó un cuestionario sociodemográfico y de salud (con preguntas relacionadas con el COVID-19), las versiones traducidas del Cuestionario Meta-Preocupación y el Cuestionario de Salud del Paciente de 4 ítems (PHQ-4). Los análisis inferenciales se calcularon utilizando la regresión logística multinomial (backward stepwise) en la que los hallazgos de PHQ-4 se estratificaron en cuatro categorías: sin síntomas, solo síntomas de ansiedad, solo síntomas de depresión y ambos síntomas. Resultados Los hallazgos de la investigación han demostrado que existían características que predecían una mayor exposición a síntomas significativos de ansiedad y depresión (género, edad y nivel de preocupación), siendo el nivel de preocupación la variable de mayor impacto en el modelo. Discusión y conclusión Los datos finales permiten la predicción temprana de los resultados negativos asociados con la pandemia, como los trastornos mentales comunes, y la asignación de intervenciones para ayudar a las personas a enfrentar racionalmente el estrés relacionado con este momento mediante una regulación de sus emociones y un mejoramiento de su salud mental.

Common mental disorders among medical students: systematic review and meta-analysis of Brazilian studies

ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: Common mental disorders (CMDs) have been correlated with consequences in different domains of life. OBJECTIVE: To summarize the prevalence rates of CMDs and factors associated with them among students at Brazilian medical schools. DESIGN AND SETTING: Systematic review and meta-analysis of studies developed in Brazilian medical schools. METHODS: In October 2021, searches were carried out in seven electronic databases, in Google Scholar and in reference lists. Observational studies reporting prevalence rates of CMDs among students at Brazilian medical schools were sought. Variables associated with CMDs arising from multivariate regression models were included in the synthesis. A meta-analysis was developed using a random-effects model and the risk of bias was assessed using an instrument developed from previous references. RESULTS: Fourteen original studies were included. The pooled prevalence rate of CMDs among undergraduate students at Brazilian medical schools was 43.3% (95% confidence interval = 38.9% to 47.6%; I2 = 87%; n = 3,927). Among the nine studies in which multivariate analyses were conducted, five showed risk associations between CMDs and medical school-related dissatisfactions, among which the desire to abandon the medical course can be highlighted (n = 3). In three studies, CMDs were associated with sleep indicators. CONCLUSION: Considering that the prevalence of CMDs among medical students is higher than in the general population, we recommend that Brazilian medical schools should give greater attention to this topic, and should enable expansion of care offerings relating to mental health. SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION: Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO) database (CRD42020142184).

Trastornos mentales y calidad de vida relacionada con la salud en profesionales de Unidades de Cuidados Intensivos / Mental disorders and health-related quality of life in Intensive Care Units professionals

Resumen Los profesionales de la salud de las Unidades de Cuidados Intensivos (UCI) enfrentan situaciones de sufrimiento humano, competitividad y demanda, que podrían perjudicar su calidad de vida y su salud mental. El objetivo del estudio fue describir los trastornos mentales comunes y la calidad de vida relacionada con la salud en profesionales de la salud de la UCI en Salvador, Brasil. Este estudio transversal con 195 profesionales utilizó un cuestionario sociodemográfico y laboral, el Self-Reporting Questionnaire (SRQ-20) de trastornos mentales comunes y el 36-Item Short Form Health Survey (SF-36v2) de calidad de vida relacionada con la salud. El 29.7 % de los profesionales presentaron trastornos mentales comunes, especialmente entre profesionales de enfermería (RP = 2.28; IC 1.19-4.39; p = .007). La calidad de vida relacionada con la salud para todos los profesionales estuvo disminuida, principalmente en función social (44.25 ± 10.15) y rol emocional (45.86 ± 10.58). El SRQ-20 correlacionó fuertemente con los dominios dolor corporal (r = -.502), salud general (r = -.526), vitalidad (r = -.656), función social (r = -.608), salud mental (r = -.631) y el componente de salud mental (r = -.638) del SF-36v2 (p < .01). Los profesionales con trastornos mentales comunes mostraron una calidad de vida relacionada con la salud más deteriorada, esencialmente en dominios del componente de salud mental, y refirieron también dolor corporal. Es necesario discutir e implementar estrategias de evaluación, prevención y promoción de la salud mental entre los profesionales de las UCI para que sean consideradas dentro de las políticas de salud laboral.

Physical Activity and Diet as a Perceived Panacea to Mental Illness of Women in India: Reality Check

Looking towards the evidence of physical activityand dietary effect on mental health, a massive search of literatures was done and it was concluded that, lifestyle behavioral practices like yoga, exercises and healthy food intake enhances self-esteem capacity and promotes a healthy life by balancing emotions and cognition with daily hurdles.The narration reports the means of preventing mental illness like depression, anxiety and stress among married women through the light of physical activity and diet. However,lack ofexercise and negligence towards mainstreaming of mental health services in primary health care raises the burden of common mental disorders in the community.

Transtornos mentais comuns em estudantes universitários: uma revisão sistemática da literatura / Common mental disorders in university students: a systematic literature review / Trastornos mentales comunes en estudiantes universitarios: una revisión sistemática de la literatura

Transtornos Mentais Comuns (TMC) caracterizam-se por sintomas que causam sofrimento. Esta revisão sistemática teve por objetivo descrever e analisar artigos sobre prevalência de TMC entre universitários brasileiros. A busca foi realizada no Portal da Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde com os descritores "Acadêmicos" OR "Universitários" AND "Transtornos Mentais Comuns". Dentre os 229 artigos elegíveis, foram incluídos 18. A prevalência de TMC detectada variou de 19% a 55,3%, e em 11 estudos foi maior que 40%; frequência superior às identificadas em estudos internacionais com universitários, nacionais com população geral e outras amostras. Sugere-se medidas de atenção em saúde mental para este público.

Common Mental Disorders (CMD) are characterized by symptoms that cause suffering. This systematic review aimed to describe and analyze articles on the prevalence of CMD among Brazilian university students. The search was carried out on the Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde Portal using the keywords "Academic" OR "University Students" AND "Common Mental Disorders". Among the 229 eligible articles, 18 were included. The prevalence of CMD detected ranged from 19% to 55.3%, and in 11 studies it was greater than 40%; higher than when compared to international studies with university students, nationals with general population and other samples. Mental health care interventions are suggested for this public.

Los Trastornos Mentales Comunes (TMC) se caracterizan por síntomas que causan sufrimiento. Esta revisión sistemática tuvo como objetivo describir y analizar artículos sobre la prevalencia de Trastornos Mentales Comunes (TMC) entre estudiantes universitarios brasileños. La búsqueda se realizó en el Portal de la Biblioteca Virtual en Salud con los descriptores "Académicos" OR " Universitarios" AND "Trastornos Mentales Comunes". Entre los 229 artículos elegibles, se incluyeron 18. La prevalencia de TMC detectada osciló entre el 19% y el 55,3%, y en 11 estudios fue superior al 40%. Dicha frecuencia es más alta que las identificadas en estudios internacionales con universitarios, nacionales con población general y otras muestras. Se sugieren medidas de atención en salud mental para este público.

Evaluation of severe hypoglycemia and common mental disorders in patients receiving insulin analogues for treatment of type 1 diabetes

ABSTRACT This is a retrospective report of the frequency of severe hypoglycemia and the association between common mental disorders and type 1 diabetes mellitus treated with insulin analogues. Patients with severe hypoglycemia compared with those without this complication had a higher prevalence of positive screening for common mental disorders (88% vs.77%, respectively, p = 0.03).

Factors Associated with Common Mental Disorders in Truck Drivers / Fatores Associados aos Transtornos Mentais Comuns em Caminhoneiros

Abstract This study aimed to identify the risk factors of Common Mental Disorders (CMD) using a sample of 565 Brazilian truck drivers. For data capture were applied the Self-Reporting Questionnaire (SRQ-20), Scale subscale of Psychosocial risks and questionnaire with socio-demographic, working and occupational stressors. The results obtained by multivariate binary logistic regression analysis, have explained the 39.9% of variation on CMD. The occupational stressor working hours is the predictor variable with highest impact, may implying in an increase of 5.41 times more chance of the trucker to present CMD. The results indicate actions by management level as work organization and public authorities with regard to the external work conditions.

Resumo Este estudo objetivou identificar os fatores de risco dos Transtornos Mentais Comuns (TMC) em uma amostra de 565 caminhoneiros brasileiros. Para a coleta de dados, foram utilizados o Self-Reporting Questionnaire (SRQ-20), Subescalas da Escala de Riscos Psicossociais e questionários sociodemográfico, laboral e de estressores ocupacionais. Os resultados obtidos por meio da análise de Regressão Logística Binária Multivariada explicaram 39,9% das variações dos TMC. A variável preditora de maior impacto foi o estressor ocupacional jornada de trabalho que implicou em um aumento de 5,41 vezes mais chance do caminhoneiro apresentar TMC. Os resultados sugerem ações por parte dos gestores quanto à organização do trabalho e por parte do poder público no que diz respeito às condições externas de trabalho.

Assédio moral no trabalho e sofrimento psíquico em motoristas de ônibus / Harassment at work and psychic distress in bus drivers

O assédio moral e o sofrimento psíquico estão presentes na profissão do motorista pela tipicidade da atividade: exigências e cobranças de seus superiores, violência urbana, relação com os passageiros, o trânsito e a organização urbana de um modo geral. Este estudo tem como objetivo analisar qual é o efeito do assédio moral sobre os sofrimentos psíquicos adquiridos pelos motoristas de transportes urbanos na cidade de Natal/Rio Grande do Norte (RN). Para tanto, foi realizado um estudo quantitativo, descritivo e exploratório, tendo como público alvo os motoristas vinculados ao Sindicato dos Transportes Rodoviários do RN (SINTRO/RN). Foram entrevistados 161 motoristas, utilizando o Self Reporting Questionnaire (SRQ-20) e o Negative Acts Questionnaire, versão revisada (NAQ-R), além de questionário socioprofissional. Os resultados apontam que o assédio moral no trabalho causa o sofrimento psíquico e é causa direta dos transtornos mentais comuns (TMC) nos motoristas. Deste modo, este levantamento realizado permitiu conclusões estatísticas sobre o cotidiano dos motoristas de ônibus do Natal-RN, servindo como direcionamento de ações no âmbito das políticas públicas a fim de fomentar intervenções de promoção e prevenção à saúde, adjacentes aos atores do campo da saúde do trabalhador, bem como, sindicatos, serviços de saúde especializados (CEREST) e Ministério Público.

Psychological harassment and psychological suffering are present in the driver's profession due to the typical activity: demands and charges from his superiors, urban violence, relation with passengers, traffic and urban organization in general. The purpose of this study is to analyze the effect of bullying on psychic suffering acquired by urban transport drivers in the city of Natal/Rio Grande do Norte (RN). For that, a quantitative, descriptive and exploratory study was carried out, with the target audience being the drivers linked to the Road Transport Union of the RN (SINTRO/RN). A total of 161 drivers were interviewed, using the Self Reporting Questionnaire (SRQ-20) and the Negative Acts Questionnaire, revised version (NAQ-R), as well as a socio-professional questionnaire. The results point out that work place bullying causes psychic suffering and is a direct cause of common mental disorders (CMD) in motorists. Thus, this survey allowed statistical conclusions about the daily routine of the bus drivers of Natal, serving as a guide for actions in the scope of public policies in order to promote heal the promotion and prevention interventions adjacent to the actor in the field of worker health, as well as trade unions, specialized health services and public prosecutors

Common mental disorders among women of reproductive age group in an urban area in Bengaluru

Background: Common mental disorders are commonly encountered in community settings, especially in women. The somatic symptoms often lead to repeated visits to health care practitioners without resolution of the problem. The knowledge of magnitude of common mental disorders and their associated factors has proved useful in psychiatric epidemiological research.Methods: A community based cross-sectional study was carried out among 480 randomly selected women in the reproductive age group using self-reporting questionnaire (SRQ-20), a validated tool developed by World Health Organisation. A standard cut-off score of 7 was used to identify women with common mental disorder. Data was analysed using descriptive statistics and suitable tests of significance in statistical package for social sciences (SPSS) v. 21.0.Results: The prevalence of common mental disorder was found to be 33.5% in the present study. Analysis showed that various socio-demographic characteristics of women like lower educational levels of women, widowed women, and women belonging to lower socio-economic class, belonging to joint family, lower body mass index had statistically significant association with common mental disorders.Conclusions: This study revealed that the prevalence of common mental disorders was high (33.5%) among the women of reproductive age group and there existed statistically significant association between common mental disorders and various socio demographic determinants.

Common mental disorders among HIV-uninfected women living in HIV serodiscordant setting: A clinic-based study in Pune, Maharashtra, India

Background: India is home to 2.1 million people living with HIV with an estimated 44% people having an uninfected partner. Living in HIV serodiscordant setting can be stressful, especially for women and can lead to several common mental disorders (CMDs). However, the occurrence of CMD in this population is not studied in India. Objectives: The study aimed to assess the occurrence of CMD in HIV-uninfected women living in HIV serodiscordant setting. A sample of 152 HIV-uninfected women who are wives of HIV-infected men attending an HIV clinic were interviewed by trained interviewers. Methods: The International Classification of Diseases-10 diagnosis of any of the CMDs was done using standard structured diagnostic interview MINI 5.0.0. Current, past, and lifetime occurrence was estimated for various CMDs. Chi-square and point-biserial correlation coefficients were used to understand the relationship between various sociodemographic and HIV-related factors with current CMD. Results: The current, past, and lifetime occurrence of at least one CMD was 35.5%, 49.3%, and 62.5%, respectively. Common diagnoses were mixed anxiety-depressive disorder, major depressive disorder, and posttraumatic stress disorder. Of the women with CMD, 22% had accompanying suicidality. Conclusions: The high rate of occurrence of CMD observed among the study population calls for more attention on the policy and program level to address the mental health needs of this population. Globally, more number of HIV-infected people are now linked to the care. This provides an opportunity to incorporate mental health care into routine HIV care.

Transtornos mentais comuns em mulheres de cidades rurais: prevalência e variáveis correlatas / Common mental disorders in females from rural towns: prevalence and co-related variables

Analisar a prevalência dos Transtornos Mentais Comuns (TMC) em mulheres residentes em cidades rurais do Estado da Paraíba/Brasil e a associação dos TMC com os aspectos socioeconômicos, vivência de violência doméstica e cuidados em saúde mental. Participaram 608 mulheres entre 18 e 83 anos de idade (43 ± 14,640). Utilizou-se um questionário sociodemográfico e o Self-Reporting Questionnaire-20. Os dados foram analisados através de análises estatísticas descritivas e bivariadas. A prevalência de TMC foi de 31,6%, com maior índice em mulheres acima dos 50 anos, separadas/divorciadas, com baixa escolaridade e renda. As variáveis preditoras para o TMC foram: ser vítima de violência doméstica, vivência de situação estressora; e a inter-relação entre variáveis como ter mais de 50 anos, ter antecedentes familiares com sofrimento psíquico e renda entre um e dois salários mínimos. Elementos socioculturais significativos no que tange à saúde mental ligados às relações de gênero predizem o aparecimento de TMC nesta população

Current analysis deals with the prevalence of Common Mental Disorders (CMD) in females living in rural towns in the state of Paraíba, Brazil, and the association of CMDs with socio-economic factors, experience in domestic violence and mental health care. Six hundred and eight females, aged between 18 and 83 years (43 ± 14.640) participated. The sociodemographic questionnaire and the Self-Reporting Questionnaire-20 were used. Data were assessed by descriptive and bivariate statistical analysis. CMD prevalence reached 31.6%, with highest rates in females over 50 years old, divorced, low schooling and low income. Predictor variables for CMDs were: victim of domestic violence, experience of stressing conditions, and inter-relation between variables comprised people over 50 years old, family antecedents of psychic sufferings and income between one or two minimum wages. Significant sociocultural factors with regard to mental health linked to gender predict CMD in the population

Qualidade de vida e fatores associados à suspeição de transtornos mentais comuns em estudantes de Medicina em universidade de integração latino-americana / Quality of life and associated factors with suspicion of common mental disorders in Medicine students at a university of latin american integration

Nesta tese, objetivou-se caracterizar o perfil, os fatores associados à suspeição de Transtornos Mentais Comuns (TMC) e a autopercepção da qualidade de vida (QV) nos estudantes do curso de Medicina da Universidade Federal da Integração Latino-Americana (UNILA). Foi realizado um estudo analítico transversal com 202 alunos brasileiros e estrangeiros latinoamericanos. O questionário Perfil do Participante foi validado através do índice de validade de conteúdo (IVC) e aplicado nos alunos brasileiros e estrangeiros. Foram aplicados nos estudantes brasileiros o Self-Reporting Questionnaire-20 (SRQ-20) e o World Health Organization Questionnaire for Quality of Life - bref (WHOQoL-BREF) para avaliação da suspeição de TMC e da QV, respectivamente. Foram observadas diferenças estatisticamente significativas entre os grupos de alunos brasileiros e estrangeiros. As médias de idade (p = 0,006), da renda familiar (p = 0,002) e de horas por semana de atividade física (p < 0,0001) eram maiores nos brasileiros, assim como, foi encontrado menor número de pessoas que viviam com a renda familiar média (p = 0,002) e maior porcentagem de alunos que consideraram o autodesempenho acadêmico bom/excelente (p = 0,032) neste grupo. A condição de estar solteiro (p < 0,0001), ter religião (p = 0,007), nunca ter feito tratamento psiquiátrico/psicológico (p < 0,0001), sexo feminino (p = 0,041) e menor média da carga horária de sono diária (p < 0,0001) foram observadas em maior porcentagem nos estrangeiros. A prevalência de suspeição de TMC no grupo de estudantes brasileiros foi de 40% com IC95%: [0,31 ; 0,49]. Através da análise pela regressão logística, os domínios psicológico (p < 0,0001) e físico (p = 0,028) do WHOQoL-BREF, o período do curso (p = 0,039), a alimentação (p = 0,009) e achar o curso estressante (p = 0,034) foram associados à suspeição de presença de TMC no grupo de brasileiros. A partir dos resultados encontrados nesse trabalho, verifica-se a necessidade de pesquisas de causalidade de suspeição de TMC e de intensificar os conhecimentos, ampliar a prática de condutas no dia a dia e planejar ações a favor da saúde mental e saúde física do futuro médico

This thesis aimed to characterize the profile, the associated factors with suspicion of Common Mental Disorders (CMD) and the self-perception of quality of life (QoL) in Medicine students at the Federal University of Latin American Integration (UNILA). A cross-sectional analytical study was conducted with 202 Brazilian and foreign (latin american) students. The Participant Profile questionnaire was validated through the content validity index (CVI) and applied to Brazilian and foreign students. Self-Reporting Questionnaire-20 (SRQ-20) and World Health Organization Questionnaire for Quality of Life - bref (WHOQoL-BREF) were applied to Brazilian students to evaluate suspicion of CMD and QoL, respectively. Statistically significant differences were observed between groups of Brazilian and foreign students. The average age (p = 0.006), family income (p = 0.002) and hours per week of physical activity (p < 0.0001) were higher in Brazilians, and a lower number of people living with average family income (p = 0.002) and higher percentage of students who considered good / excellent academic self-performance (p = 0.032) in this group. The condition of being single (p < 0.0001), having religion (p = 0.007), never having received psychiatric / psychological treatment (p < 0.0001), female gender (p = 0.041) and lower average daily load of sleep (p < 0.0001) were observed in higher percentage in foreign students. The prevalence of suspected CMD in Brazilian students was 40% with 95% CI: [0.31 ; 0.49]. Through logistic regression analysis, the psychological (p < 0.0001) and physical (p = 0.028) domains of the WHOQoLBREF, the course time (p = 0.039), the diet (p = 0.009) and finding the course stressful (p = 0.034) were associated with suspected presence of CMD in the group of Brazilians students. From the results found in this study, it is necessary to investigate causality of suspected CMD and to intensify knowledge, to expand the practice of daily conduct and to plan actions and to improve of mental health and physical health of the future Medicine doctor

Adherence to the Mediterranean Dietary Pattern and Common Mental Disorders in elderly living in São Paulo-SP-Brazil: population-based study / Adesão ao Padrão da dieta mediterrânea e Transtornos Mentais Comuns em idosos de São Paulo-SP-Brazil: estudo de base populacional

Introduction: The presence of Common Mental Disorders (CMD) becomes more common with advancing age. The literature shows the beneficial effects of the Mediterranean Diet on the mental health of the elderly, but few studies have been conducted in Western countries. In addition, studies conducted in non-Mediterranean regions generally do not take into account the peculiarities of food, which do not always meet all the Mediterranean characteristics. Objective: (i) to describe the adherence to the Mediterranean dietary pattern, considering two points of view: including only foods characteristic of the original standard Mediterranean diet and including foods with non-Mediterranean characteristics (ii) to verify the association between the adherence to the two Mediterranean Dietary Patterns (MDP) and CMD in the elderly. Methods: cross-sectional population-based study; Data from the 2015 Health Survey of São Paulo were used. The presence of CMD was identified through the Self Reporting Questionnaire-20. The MDP was constructed using the Mediterranean Diet Score (calculated from data from two 24-hour dietary recall), considering two points of view: Mediterranean pattern origin-like (MPOL), which included only foods from the original Mediterranean diet; Mediterranean pattern including foods with non-Mediterranean characteristics (MPNM), which included foods submitted to procedures that diverge from the original dietary pattern. The other variables were identified through a previously structured questionnaire. The association between TMC and adherence to MPOL and MPNM was investigated through logistic regression models. The covariates for the adjustment were selected for biological plausibility. A significance level of 5% (p <0.05) was considered for final statistical tests. All data analyses were performed using Stata software (version 14). To accomplish the objectives of the present research, two manuscripts were elaborated. The aims of the 1st manuscript were: (i) describe the degree of adherence to this dietary pattern by elders from São Paulo-SP-Brazil; (ii) to identify modifications made in the form of intake of the different components of the original MDP, investigating associations with demographic and socioeconomic variables. The aims of the 2nd manuscript were: (i) To evaluate the association between the adherence to the MDP with the presence of mental disorders in these elders; (ii) To investigate these associations taking into account the two different points of view of MDP. Results: The 1st manuscript showed a moderate adherence to the two views of MDP. The greater adherence to the two proposed dietary patterns was characterized by higher intakes of vegetables, fruits, nuts, cereals, legumes and greater proportion between monounsaturated and saturated lipids and, as well as lower consumption of meat and dairy products. MPOL and MPNM were associated with formal education and age, respectively. From the 2nd manuscript, we identified that moderate and high adherence to MPOL, compared to low adherence, was associated with a lower prevalence of CMD, after adjustment for gender, age, body mass index, number of chronic diseases, per capita household income, physical activity and smoking status. The presence of CMD was not associated with MPNM adherence. Additionally, the presence of CMD was different between gender, physical activity and number of referred chronic diseases. Main conclusions (from the two manuscripts): the protective effect of MDP on CMD in elderly was observed only when the particularities of this diet were fulfilled. Other factors, associated to lifestyle, showed to be important to improve the associations with CMD. The results support the importance of programs that encourage the maintenance of healthy eating habits among the elderly

Introdução: A presença de Transtornos mentais comuns (TMC) torna-se mais frequente com o avançar da idade. A literatura evidencia os efeitos benéficos da Dieta mediterrânea sobre a saúde mental do idoso, porém poucos estudos foram realizados em países ocidentais. Ademais, os estudos realizados em regiões não mediterrâneas geralmente não levam em consideração as peculiaridades dos alimentos, que nem sempre atendem a todas as características mediterrâneas. Objetivos: (i) descrever a adesão ao padrão da dieta mediterrânea considerando dois pontos de vista: incluindo apenas alimentos característicos do original padrão da dieta mediterrânea e incluindo alimentos com características não mediterrâneas (ii) verificar a associação entre a adesão aos dois padrões da dieta mediterrânea (PDM) construídos e TMC em idosos. Métodos: trata-se de um estudo transversal de base populacional; foram utilizados dados do Inquérito de Saúde de São Paulo 2015 (ISA-Capital). A presença de TMC foi identificada através do Self Reporting Questionnaire-20. O PDM foi construído através do Escore da dieta mediterrânea (calculado com base em dois recordatórios alimentares de 24h), considerando dois pontos de vista: Padrão mediterrâneo similar ao original (PMSO) - com a inclusão de apenas alimentos originais da dieta mediterrânea; Padrão mediterrâneo com características não mediterrâneas (PMNM) - com a inclusão de alimentos que foram submetidos a procedimentos que divergem do padrão mediterrâneo original. As demais variáveis foram identificadas por meio de um questionário previamente estruturado. A associação entre TMC e a adesão ao PMSO e PMNM foi investigada por meio de modelos de regressão logística. As covariáveis para o ajuste foram selecionadas por plausibilidade biológica. Adotou-se nível de significância de 5% (p < 0,05) para os testes estatísticos finais. Todas as análises de dados foram realizadas utilizando o software Stata (versão 14). Para atender os objetivos da presente pesquisa, foram elaborados dois manuscritos. O manuscrito 1 teve como objetivos (i) descrever o grau de adesão ao PMD por idosos de São Paulo-SP-Brasil; (ii) construir dois pontos de vista do PMD, de acordo com as modificações frequentes na forma de ingestão dos diferentes componentes desse padrão dietético, investigando associações com variáveis demográficas e socioeconômicas. O manuscrito 2 teve como objetivos: (i) avaliar a associação entre a aderência ao PMD e transtornos mentais comuns nesses idosos; (ii) investigar essas associações levando em consideração as duas visões construídas para esse padrão. Resultados: No manuscrito 1 foi encontrada uma adesão moderada pelos idosos às duas visões do PMD. A maior adesão a ambas as visões do PMD foi caracterizada pela ingestão mais elevada de vegetais, frutas, oleaginosas, cereais, leguminosas e maior proporção de lipídios monoinsaturados e saturados, além de um menor consumo de carne e laticínios. O PMSO e o PMNM apresentaram associação com escolaridade e idade, respectivamente. No Manuscrito 2, identificou-se que as adesões moderada e alta ao PMSO, em comparação a uma baixa adesão, foram associadas a uma menor prevalência de TMC, após ajuste para sexo, idade, índice de massa corporal, número de doenças crônicas, renda domiciliar per capita, atividade física e tabagismo. Por sua vez, a presença de TMC não mostrou associação significativa com nenhum grau de adesão ao PMNM. Adicionalmente, a presença de TMC foi significativamente diferente entre os gêneros, a atividade física e o número de doenças crônicas referidas. Conclusões principais (a partir de ambos os manuscritos): o efeito protetor de uma maior adesão ao PDM sobre os TMC em idosos foi observado apenas quando as particularidades originais desse padrão foram atendidas. Outros fatores, associados ao estilo de vida, mostraram-se importantes para melhorar as associações com TMC. Os resultados encontrados reforçam a importância de programas que incentivem a manutenção de hábitos alimentares saudáveis entre idosos