Prevalence and risk factors of hyperuricemia among workers in an electronics factory in Wuhan / 公共卫生与预防医学

Objective To understand the prevalence and risk factors of hyperuricemia in electronics factory workers in Wuhan, and to provide evidence for the health protection of electronics factory workers. Methods A total of 1 415 employees in an electronics factory in Wuhan were selected as the research subjects, and the physical examination and determination of various biochemical indicators, as well as questionnaire survey were carried out. Results The detection rate of hyperuricemia among workers in the electronics factory in Wuhan was 32.43%, with 36.33% for men and 14.11% for women, and the difference was statistically significant ( χ2＝46.077，P＜0.001). The detection rate of hyperuricemia was the highest (33.77%) among those with university or college education, followed by graduate students and above (31.50%). Compared with subjects with good lifestyle habits, people with drinking habits had higher hyperuricemia detection rate (49.38%), and the difference was statistically significant (P =0.001). The detection rates of hyperuricemia in those with central obesity and elevated alanine aminotransferase were 48.23% and 61.29%, respectively, which were significantly higher than those in the subjects without the above diseases (26.91% and 27.21%, respectively), and the differences were statistically significant (P 2 (OR=2.175, 95% CI=1.686 -2.806, P <0.001) were risk factors for hyperuricemia in electronic factory workers. Elevated alanine aminotransferase (ALT) was significantly correlated with hyperuricemia (OR=2.964, 95%CI=2.146-4.095 , P <0.001). Female gender was a protective factor for hyperuricemia in workers in the electronics factory (OR=0.441, 95%CI=0.297-0.653 , P <0.001). Conclusion The detection rate of hyperuricemia among workers in an electronics factory in Wuhan is high, and the detection rate of hyperuricemia in men is higher than that in women. Alcohol consumption, overweight and obesity will increase the risk of hyperuricemia. Elevated ALT is associated with hyperuricemia. Maintaining an ideal body mass index and establishing a good lifestyle play an important role in preventing hyperuricemia.

Epidemiological characteristics of high-risk population for cardiovascular disease of Shanghai residents / 上海预防医学

ObjectiveTo investigate the high-risk detection rate and aggregation of cardiovascular diseases（CVD） in 8 districts of Shanghai and influencing factors， and to provide scientific references for prevention and control of CVD. MethodsBased on the Cardiovascular Disease Screening and Management Program in Shanghai from 2016 to 2021， 104 685 participants aged 35 to 75 in 8 districts of Shanghai were selected for analysis. χ2 test and multivariate logistic regression were used for statistical analysis of the influencing factors of CVD and aggregation of CVD. ResultsThe proportion of high-risk CVD individuals in the population was 19.17%， including the high-risk individuals with hypertension （8.65%）， dyslipidemia （6.33%）， CVD history （5.58%）， and WHO assessed risk ≥20% types （2.69%）， respectively. Old age， overweight and obesity， central obesity， smoking， drinking， farmers， unmarried， and low family income were the risk factors of CVD， while high education level was the protective factor. In the participants， 16 323 people （81.34%） were classified as CVD high-risk groups； The number of aggregation of 1， 2 and ≥3 high risk types of CVD were 16 323（81.34%）， 3 236（16.13%）， 509（2.54%）， respectively. Old age， low education level， low annual family income， farmers， unmarried， smoking， drinking， overweight， obesity and central obesity were associated with the risk of aggregation of high risk types of CVD， and the correlation strength increased with the increase of aggregation types. ConclusionThe prevention and control of CVD in Shanghai should focus on the hypertension， elderly， overweight， obesity， central obesity， smoking， drinking， low educated， low family income， farmers and unmarried people， and targeted intervention measures should be taken to reduce the risk of CVD among residents.

Adenoma detection rate and polyp detection rate among gastroenterology fellows and consultants in a tertiary hospital in the Philippines: A cross-sectional study

Background and Objective@#Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most commonly diagnosed cancer and the fourth leading cause of cancer mortality worldwide. Likewise in the Philippines, the prevalence of CRC has shown to be increasing. Colonoscopy, a screening procedure for CRC, has parameters to gauge quality of detection. One of which is the Adenoma Detection Rate (ADR). Higher ADR has been linked to improved cancer detection. This study aimed to determine the ADR and Polyp Detection Rate (PDR) among Gastroenterology practitioners in a tertiary government university hospital in the Philippines, estimate ADR from PDR, and identify factors associated with ADR.@*Methods@#An analytical, cross-sectional study among patients who underwent colonoscopy for the years 2021 and the first half of 2022 at the Central Endoscopy Unit (CENDU) of the Philippine General Hospital. Demographic data of fellows and consultants were collected through an online form, while those from patients were obtained from electronic records. Colonoscopy details and histopathology results were accessed through the hospital’s Open Medical Record System (MRS). ADR, PDR, and estimated ADR were computed using established formulas. To evaluate the strength of the relationship between the estimated and actual ADR, Pearson’s correlation coefficient was used. Chi-square analysis, Mann-Whitney U test, and Kruskal-Wallis H test were performed to identify the factors that might influence the ADR. A cut-off of p < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.@*Results@#The total computed ADR of consultants and fellows combined is 22%. The difference between the ADRs of Gastroenterology consultants and Fellows-in-Training is statistically significant at 31.6% and 18.7%, respectively (p= 0.017). The total Polyp Detection Rate is 57.6% while the weighted group average Adenoma to Polyp Detection Rate Quotient (APDRQ) is 0.4085 or 40.85%. The estimated ADR has a moderate degree of correlation with the actual ADR when an outlier was excluded (r=0.521 (95% CI, 0.072-0.795, p=0.0266). Significant factors related to ADR include endoscopists’ years of practice (p=0.020), number of colonoscopies done (p=0.031), and patient tobacco use (p=0.014).@*Conclusion@#The overall ADR among consultants and fellows is at par with the standard guidelines. A moderate degree of correlation exists between actual and estimated ADR when an outlier is excluded; however, more studies are needed to determine the APDRQ in the wider local setting. Longer years in practice, total number of colonoscopies performed, and patient tobacco use are associated with increased ADR.

The role of comprehensive intervention measures in improving the patho-gen detection rate of hospitalized patients before antimicrobial therapy / 中国感染控制杂志

Objective To understand the pathogen detection of hospitalized patients before antimicrobial therapy in a hospital through implementation of comprehensive intervention measures,and provide reference basis for the de-velopment of targeted measures.Methods Hospitalized patients who received therapeutic antimicrobial agents in this hospital were selected as the research subjects.Patients who were hospitalized from January to May 2022 were selected as the pre-intervention group,comprehensive intervention measures were taken from June to October 2022,and those who were hospitalized from November 2022 to March 2023 were selected as the post-intervention group.The pathogen detection rate before antimicrobial therapy,sterile specimen detection rate,antimicrobial use rate,de-tection rate of key multidrug-resistant organisms of patients before and after the intervention were analyzed.Results Compared to before intervention,the proportion of pathogen detection rate before antimicrobial therapy(62.09％vs 74.04％),detection rate of healthcare-associated infection diagnosis-related pathogens(62.82％vs 92.73％),and sterile specimen detection rate(35.17％vs 41.06％)of hospitalized patients after intervention all increased signifi-cantly,with statistically significant differences(all P＜0.05).After intervention,pathogen detection rate before the combination use of key antimicrobial agents was not statistically different from before intervention(93.33％vs 90.48％,P＞0.05),while antimicrobial use rate was lower than before intervention(39.93％vs 44.95％,P＜0.05).There was no statistically significant difference in the detection rate of key multidrug-resistant organisms be-fore and after intervention(all P＞0.05).Conclusion Adopting scientific and rational intervention measures can improve the pathogen detection rate,provide a reference basis for the rational use of antimicrobial agents.There was no significant improvement in the pathogen detection rate before the combination use of key antimicrobial agents and the detection rate of key multidrug-resistant organisms,indicating that relevant measures still need to be further optimized.

Clinical analysis of helicobacter pylori biopsy in gastric antrum / 中国内镜杂志

Objective To analyze the detection of helicobacter pylori(Hp)in different parts of gastric antrum,and to provide clinical guidance for finding the best biopsy site for Hp.Methods Patients who underwent 13C urea breath test and electronic gastroscopy from January 2020 to December 2022 were retrospectively analyzed and divided into 13C urea breath test positive group[delta over baseline(DOB)≥4]and 13C urea breath test negative group(DOB<4)according to DOB value.Gastroscopy reports and pathological data of patients were collected.According to different biopsy sites in gastric antrum,patients were divided into conventional biopsy site group,elevated erosive site group and flat erosive site group,and the detection rate of Hp in different biopsy sites was compared.13C urea breath test positive group was divided into group A(4<DOB≤16),group B(16<DOB≤35)and group C(DOB>35)according to DOB value,and the gastric antral biopsy and pathology of each group were classified and analyzed.Combined with endoscopic reports and pathological data,patients were divided into atrophic gastritis group and non-atrophic gastritis group.Results In the 13C urea breath test positive group,the detection rate of Hp in the elevated erosive site group(96.4%)was higher than that in the conventional biopsy site group(92.7%)and the flat erosive site group(93.9%),and the difference was statistically significant(P = 0.036).In DOB group A,the detection rate of Hp was the highest at the site of elevated erosive and the lowest at the site of conventional biopsy,and the detection rate of Hp at the three biopsy sites was compared,the difference was statistically significant(P = 0.016);There was no significant difference in the detection rate of Hp at three biopsy sites between group B and group C(P = 0.622;P = 0.721);the non-atrophic gastritis group,the detection rate of Hp at the elevated erosive site(96.5%)was higher than that at the conventional biopsy site(91.2%)and the flat erosive site(92.0%),and the difference was statistically significant(P = 0.043).There was no significant difference in the detection rate of Hp at three biopsy sites in the atrophic gastritis group(P = 0.614).13C urea breath test negative group:There was no significant difference in Hp detection rate among the three biopsy sites(P = 0.255).Conclusion For patients with positive 13C urea breath test but low DOB value,the positive rate of Hp in the elevated erosive site is higher.For non-atrophic gastritis patients,the detection rate of Hp was higher in the elevated erosive sites than in the conventional biopsy sites.But for patients with atrophic gastritis,there was little difference in the detection rate of Hp in different parts of antrum.For patients with negative 13C urea breath test,there was no significant difference in Hp detection rate among the three biopsy sites.In future clinical work,for similar patients,precise biopsy can be performed to improve the detection rate of Hp.

HIV antiretroviral therapy among blood donors: the impact on blood safety / 中国输血杂志

【Objective】 To explore the the potential risks of antiretroviral therapy(ART) drugs on blood safety among blood donors in Shenzhen. 【Methods】 High pressure liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS) was used to measure ART drugs concentrations in the plasma of regular blood donors (negative control group, n=86) and anti-HIV positive individuals (experimental group, n=98, detected from approximately 440 000 blood donors during 2019—2023). The baseline plasma concentrations of ART drugs in the negative control group were clarified, and the impact of ART drugs on blood safety was analyzed. 【Results】 The baseline concentrations of ART drugs were not detected in 86 samples of negative control group. Four positive ART drugs samples were detected in 1∶2 pooled plasma samples of 98 anti-HIV positive blood donors plasma in the resolution test. The ART positive rate of anti-HIV positive donors was 4.08%, with tenofovir, lamivudine and efavirenz detected in three blood donors and lamivudine, lopinavir, ritonavir and zidovudine detected in one blood donor. 【Conclusion】 ART drugs were found among anti-HIV positive blood donors in Shenzhen. Additional research is needed to investigate the motivation of these specific donors, so as to ascertain the groups most susceptible to potential risks, and guarantee blood safety.

Influencing Factors of Inter-arm Systolic Blood Pressure Differences in Hypertensive Population Aged 40 Years and Younger / 中国循环杂志

Objectives:To explore the influencing factors of inter-arm systolic blood pressure difference(sIAD)in young hypertensive population. Methods:A total of 12 895 young Kailuan employees aged≤40 years,who participated in the physical examination from 2010 to 2020,were enrolled in this study.All of them underwent blood pressure measurements of four limbs in supine position.Young hypertensive group(n=3 584)and young non-hypertensive group(n=3 584)were 1∶1 matched by sex and age(±1 year),and participants were further divided into sIAD＜10 mmHg(1 mmHg=0.133 kPa)and sIAD≥10 mmHg subgroups.A stepwise multivariate logistic regression model was established to analyze the determinants of sIAD≥10 mmHg. Results:The detection rate of sIAD≥10 mmHg was significantly higher in the young hypertensive group than in the young non-hypertensive group(31.72%vs.27.76%,P＜0.001).Stepwise multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that in young hypertensive population,ankle-brachial index(ABI)＜0.9,male,obesity,overweight,elevated low density lipoprotein cholesterol(LDL-C)level,and systolic blood pressure were positively associated with sIAD≥10 mmHg,while college education or above,physical exercise were negatively correlated with sIAD≥10 mmHg(all P＜0.05).In the young non-hypertensive population,ABI＜0.9,systolic blood pressure were positively correlated with sIAD≥10 mmHg,while age was negatively associated with sIAD≥10 mmHg(all P＜0.05). Conclusions:The detection rate of sIAD≥10 mmHg is higher in young hypertensive population than in young non-hypertensive population.Decreased ABI,male sex,obesity,overweight,increased LDL-C level,systolic blood pressure,college education and above,and physical exercise are the influencing factors of sIAD≥10 mmHg in young hypertensive population.

Factors affecting thyroid nodules among residents in Dinghai District / 预防医学

Objective@#To investigate the detection of thyroid nodules and its influencing factors among residents in Dinghai District, Zhoushan City, Zhejiang Province, so as to provide insights into formulation of thyroid nodule control measures.@*Methods@#Residents who were at ages of 18 years and older and had lived for 5 years or more in Dinghai District were sampled using a multi-stage stratified random sampling method from July to September 2022. Basic information was collected using a basic personal information registration form, the height, body weight, waist circumference and blood pressure were measured, and fasting blood glucose, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and urinary iodine were detected. Ultrasound examination of the thyroid gland in the neck was performed using a color ultrasound device; and the detection of thyroid nodules was analyzed and standardized by the population of the Sixth National Population Census in 2010. Factors affecting thyroid nodules using a multivariable logistic regression model.@*Results@#A total of 434 residents were included, with a mean age of (49.97±14.74) years. There were 151 males (34.79%) and 283 females (65.21%). Thyroid nodules were detected in 232 cases, with a crude detection rate of 53.46% and a standardized detection rate of 35.69%, and the crude detection rate was 19.82% for solitary nodules and 33.64% for multiple nodules. Multivariable logistic regression analysis identified gender (female, OR=2.355, 95%CI: 1.520-3.647), age (40 to 59 years, OR=2.344, 95%CI: 1.416-3.878; 60 years and older, OR=5.157, 95%CI: 2.869-9.272), high level of LDL-C (OR=1.706, 95%CI: 1.065-2.734) as factors affecting thyroid nodules.@*Conclusion@#The risk of thyroid nodules is higher among residents who are female, are 40 years and older and have high levels of LDL-C in Dinghai District.

The detection rate of prenatal depression in Chinese women: a meta-analysis / 预防医学

Objective@#To systematically evaluate the detection rate of prenatal depression in Chinese women, so as to provide the reference for mental health care during pregnancy among women.@*Methods@#Publications pertaining to the detection rate of prenatal depression in Chinese women were retrieved from international and national databases from inception to July 30, 2023, including CNKI, Wanfang Data, VIP, PubMed and other databases. The Stata 17.0 software was used for meta analysis, sensitivity analysis was performed using the leave-one-out method, and the publication bias was evaluated using funnel plot and Egger's test.@*Results@#A total of 5 687 publications were retrieved, and 60 studies were finally included, with 58 in Chinese and 2 in English, 51 of medium quality and 9 of high quality, and 114 168 participants. The results of meta-analysis showed that the overall detection rate of prenatal depression in Chinese women was 23.7% (95%CI: 20.0%-27.5%). The detection rates of prenatal depression in the first, second and third trimesters were 22.1% (95%CI: 15.5%-28.6%), 16.3% (95%CI: 12.0%-20.6%) and 19.9% (95%CI: 16.0%-23.7%), in Eastern and Midwestern China were 19.7% and 27.5%, and in women with an education level of junior high school or below and high school or above were 27.2% and 17.9%, respectively, with statistically significant differences (all P<0.05). Sensitivity analysis showed that the study results were stable. There were publication bias in the results of overall detection rate of prenatal depression, and detection rates in the second and third trimester.@*Conclusions@#The overall detection rate of prenatal depression in Chinese women ranges from 20.0% to 27.5%. There are differences in the detection rate of prenatal depression in different pregnancies, with the highest detection rate in the first trimester.

Trends in prevalence of depression symptoms among middle-aged and elderly residents in China from 2011 to 2018 / 预防医学

Objective@#To investigate the trends in prevalence of depression symptoms among middle-aged and elderly residents at ages of 45 years and older in China from 2011 to 2018, so as to provide insights into depression prevention and control among middle-aged and elderly residents. @*Methods@#Demographic features and evaluation data of depressive symptoms were collected from middle-aged and elderly residents at ages of 45 years and older recorded during four follow-ups in the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS), and the depressive symptoms were screened using the Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale (CES-D). Following sampling weights, non-response weights, and post-stratification weighting, the detection of depressive symptoms was analyzed among the middle-aged and elderly residents with different demographics, and the trends in prevalence of depressive symptoms were identified using annual percent change (APC). @*Results@#A total of 48 223 middle-aged and elderly residents were enrolled, including 12 624, 10 427, 12 144, and 13 028 residents in 2011, 2013, 2015 and 2018, with mean ages of (58.8±9.4), (58.9±9.2), (59.0±9.2), and (61.1±9.2) years, respectively. The prevalence of depressive symptoms was 34.5% (95%CI: 33.3%-35.8%), 29.6% (95%CI: 28.5%- 30.8%), 30.6% (95%CI: 29.4%-31.8%), and 35.0% (95%CI: 33.6%-36.4%) among middle-aged and elderly residents in 2011, 2013, 2015 and 2018, respectively, with no remarkable changing trends seen (APC=0.4%, t=0.188, P=0.868). Higher detection was seen among residents at advanced ages, among women than among men, among rural residents than among urban residents, among residents with lower educational levels, among widowed and unmarried residents than among married residents, among unemployed residents than among employees, and among residents that had lower per capita personal consumption expenditures than mean expenditures than among residents that had higher per capita personal consumption expenditures than mean expenditures (all P<0.05). @*Conclusions@#There were no obvious trends in prevalence of depressive symptoms among middle-aged and elderly residents in China from 2011 to 2018, and individuals with advanced ages, women, urban residents and those with low educational and economic levels should be given a high priority for depression control.

Effects of individualized treatment of contralateral patent processus vaginalis during laparoscopic high ligation of processus vaginalis / 现代泌尿外科杂志

【Objective】 To explore the rational management of contralateral patent processus vaginalis (CPPV) in laparoscopic high ligation of processus vaginalis. 【Methods】 A total of 300 children with unilateral oblique inguinal hernia/hydrocele who received laparoscopic high ligation of processus vaginalis in Baoding Children’s Hospital during Jun.2018 and Jun.2022 were selected and divided into two groups by random number table method, with 150 in either group. In the control group, 53 cases of CPPV were found intraoperatively, which were treated simultaneously. In the study group, 58 cases of CPPV were detected, among which 11 met the indications of high ligation and received simultaneous surgical treatment. The incidence of recurrence was compared between the two groups. 【Results】 After 1 year of follow-up, the recurrence rate was 8.62% in the study group and 1.88% in the control group (P>0.05). The detection rate of CPPV was 23.02% in children with unilateral inguinal hernia, significantly lower than that in children with unilateral hydrocele (49.07%, P<0.001). The detection rate of CPPV was 42.71% in children with left patent processus vaginalis and 32.95% in children with right patent processus vaginalis (P=0.19). The detection rate of CPPV was 62.93% in the age group of 1-2 years, significantly higher than that in other age groups (P<0.001). 【Conclusion】 The incidence of CPPV conversion into oblique inguinal hernia or hydrocele is low. Only children who meet the indications can be treated at the same time during surgery.

Prostate cancer with normal serum PSA: a report of 6 cases and literature review / 现代泌尿外科杂志

【Objective】 To analyze the clinical data of prostate cancer patients with normal PSA level confirmed with transperineal prostate biopsy or transurethral prostate surgery, in order to improve the diagnostic level of this disease. 【Methods】 The clinical data of 6 patients were retrospectively analyzed. The age,clinical manifestations, body mass index (BMI),prostate specific antigen density (PSAD),blood triglycerides,blood cholesterol,color ultrasound imaging,magnetic resonance imaging (MRI),pathological types and Gleason scores were analyzed. The clinical characteristics and high-risk factors were summarized. 【Results】 Two cases were confirmed with prostate biopsy and four after prostate resection. Three patients had high blood triglycerides, three were negative for bone imaging, and the other three were not examined. PSAD was 0.017 to 1.215. Color ultrasound indicated that two cases had irregular morphology, two uneven echo, and one both irregular morphology and uneven echo; all six cases had calcification. In the three cases who received MRI, two had PIRADS4 nodules, one had PIRADS5 nodules, invasion of seminal vesicle, rectum, posterior wall of urinary bladder,bilateral thickening of NVB, and lymph nodes enlargement. Pathology suggested prostatic acinar adenocarcinoma in five cases, four of which had a Gleason score of 3+3=6 and one had 5+5=10; one case suggested a high-grade neuroendocrine carcinoma. 【Conclusion】 The clinical detection rate is low for prostate cancer with normal PSA. The biopsy indications should be determined by combining the characteristics and high-risk factors to improve the detection rate.

Detection rate of pulmonary nodules by CT scan at different doses and application value of artificial intelligence assistance / 中国医师进修杂志

Objective:To investigate the detection rate of pulmonary nodules (PN) by CT scan at different doses and the application value of artificial intelligence(AI) system assistance.Methods:From October 2019 to October 2021, 210 patients with PN in Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, were retrospectively selected, and they were divided into the study group (106 cases) and the control group (104 cases) by CT scan at different doses. The control group used the conventional average dose (169 mAs) CT scan, the study group used an average low-dose (54 mAs) CT scan. The PN detection rate of different gender, age, body mass index (BMI) between the two groups were compared. The morphological characteristics, radiation dose, CT image quality between the two groups were compared. The diagnostic efficiency of radiologists and AI system was compared.Results:The detection rate of PN in the study group and the control group had no significant difference: 73.58% (78/106) vs. 80.77%(84/104), χ2 = 1.54, P>0.05. The detection rate of PN with different gender, age group and BMI in the two groups had no significant differences ( P>0.05). The diameter of nodules and the rates of calcification, cavitation, bronchial sign, lobar sign, burr sign and pleural adhesion sign in the two groups had no significant differences ( P>0.05). The mean effective tubular bulb dose, length product of radiation dose, total tubular bulb dose, radiation volume dose index in the study group were higher than those in the control group: (46.15 ± 7.38) mAs vs. (104.39 ± 10.53) mAs, (169.24 ± 19.77) mGy·cm vs. (427.17 ± 43.58) mGy·cm, (972.65 ± 58.34) mAs vs. (2 861.26 ± 181.37) mAs, (3.55 ± 1.16) mGy vs. (8.95 ± 2.07) mGy, there were statistical differences ( P<0.05). The excellent, good, acceptable, poor of 1.0 mm image quality in the study group were 26, 60, 18, 2, and in the control group were 32, 64, 8, 0, there was statistical difference ( u =1.71, P = 0.087). The excellent, good, acceptable, poor of maximum intensity projection (MIP) image quality in the study group were 58, 42, 6, 0 and in the control group were 70, 34, 0, 0, there was statistical difference ( u = 1.81, P = 0.070). The detection rate of PN by AI low-dose CT scan was higher than that of radiologists: 88.68%(94/106) vs. 73.58%(78/106), there was statistical difference ( χ2 = 7.89, P = 0.005). Conclusions:The low-dose CT chest scans for PN, the results of detection rate, morphological characteristics, CT image quality are basically the same as those of conventional-dose CT chest scans, and can greatly reduce the radiation dose, which is more suitable for PN screening, and combined with AI system can significantly improve the detection rate of PN.

Prevalence of Mycoplasma pneumoniae among children undergoing physical examination / 中华微生物学和免疫学杂志

Objective:To investigate the prevalence of Mycoplasma pneumoniae ( Mp) in children undergoing physical examination. Methods:This study randomly enrolled 1 303 children at the age of 6-12 years who underwent physical examination in 2023. Their oral and pharyngeal swabs as well as venous blood samples were collected. The prevalence of Mp in these subjects was detected using isolation and culturing, nucleic acid detection and serological test. Chi-square test was used for statistical analysis. Results:Among the 1 303 children, the detection rate of Mp was 4.1% (53/1 303) by culturing, 7.3% (95/1 303) by nucleic acid detection and 13.6% (177/1 303) by serological test. Statistical analysis showed that there were significant differences in the the detection rates of Mp among children undergoing physical examination between the three methods ( P<0.05). Conclusions:The detection rate of Mp in children undergoing physical examination in 2023 was about 4.1%. Isolation and culturing was more accurate than nucleic acid detection and serological test in the detection of Mp in healthy population as the latter two methods would overestimate the rate.

Analysis of Patient-related Factors Affecting Difficulty of Colonoscopy / 胃肠病学

Background:Complete colonoscopy is key to the diagnosis and treatment of colorectal disease,its role in reducing the morbidity and mortality of colorectal cancer is well known.Nonetheless,there are numerous factors,not just from the endoscopist's perspective but also from the patient's,that can potentially increase the difficulty of completing a colonoscopy.Aims:To identify patient-related factors that influenced the difficulty of a colonoscopy.Methods:Through two rounds of expert consultation,the factors that might affect the difficulty of colonoscopy were selected.A total of 1621 consecutive painless colonoscopies from Jan.2021 to Jan.2022 at the endoscopy center of The Affiliated Wuxi People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University were evaluated in a retrospective manner.Factors including demographic data,cecal insertion time,adenoma detection rate and so on were recorded.These factors were analyzed to determine their association with difficulty by using Logistic regression model.Results:A total of 29 patient-related factors affecting the difficulty of colonoscopy were selected.Through retrospective analysis,the mean age of 1621 cases was(47.45±13.27)years,of which 45.8%were male and the mean body mass index was(23.32±3.11)kg/m2.Logistic regression analysis revealed that age≥60 years(OR=2.890,95%CI:1.957-4.269,P<0.001),female gender(OR=0.324,95%CI:0.217-0.484,P<0.001),history of gynecological surgery(OR=14.895,95%CI:9.741-22.776,P<0.001),constipation for 20-30 years(OR= 1.412,95%CI:0.925-2.156,P=0.010)were independent risk factors for difficult colonoscopy.Conclusions:This retrospective study identified several patient-related factors that influence the technical difficulty of colonoscopy.These findings had implications for practice and teaching of colonoscopy.

Colonoscopy quality control: a single-center, retrospective and cross-sectional study / 中华消化内镜杂志

Objective:To comprehensively evaluate the quality of colonoscopy in Endoscopy Center of Gansu Provincial Hospital, and to provide baseline data and theoretical basis for evaluating the quality of digestive endoscopy in China.Methods:It is a single-center, retrospective and cross-sectional study. Data were collected from patients who underwent colonoscopy and received therapies in the Endoscopy Center of Gansu Provincial Hospital from 1st January to 31st December in 2021. The quality control indicators including polyp detection rate, adenoma detection rate, cecal intubation rate, and adequate intestinal preparation rate were analyzed to evaluate the quality of colonoscopy in the endoscopy center.Results:A total of 7 562 patients who underwent colonoscopy were included in this study, with the age of (51.61±13.59) years, including 4 286 males (56.7%) and 3 276 females (43.3%) . There were 4 924 (65.1%) outpatients and 2 638 (34.9%) inpatients. Procedures were completed by full-time endoscopists on 6 456 patients (85.4%) , and those were by gastroenterologists or proctologists on 1 106 patients (14.6%) . The overall adenoma detection rate, polyp detection rate, cecal intubation rate, and adequate intestinal preparation rate were 11.9% (900/7 562), 32.9% (2 488/7 562), 93.0% (7 030/7 562), and 91.3% (6 906/7 562) respectively. The male, the elder, in patients, and examined by full-time endoscopists were associated with higher adenoma detection rate and polyp detection rate with significant difference ( P<0.05). Conclusion:The cecal intubation rate and adequate intestinal preparation rate of colonoscopy in Gansu Provincial Hospital could meet the guideline standard, but the adenoma detection rate still needs to be further improved. The elder and male patients are the key population for colonoscopy screening. In addition, great importance should be attached to the standardized training of endoscopists to further improve the quality of colonoscopy.

Logistic regression analysis of positive rate of serum Mycoplasma pneumoniae IgM antibody in patients with acute exacerbation of AECOPD in Liangjiang New Area of Chongqing / 公共卫生与预防医学

Objective To analyze the positive rate of serum mycoplasma pneumoniae antibody IgM in patients with acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (AECOPD) in Liangjiang New Area of Chongqing and the related risk factors, so as to provide a theoretical basis for clinical diagnosis and treatment of AECOPD. Methods Retrospective analysis of 728 cases of AECOPD patients from January 2020 to December 2021 in Chongqing Liangjiang New Area Third Class Hospital. ELISA was used to determine Mycoplasma pneumoniae IgM antibodies. According to the detection of Mycoplasma pneumoniae IgM antibodies, the patients were divided into infection group and non-MP infection group. Clinical data such as gender, age, length of stay, place of residence, smoking status, home oxygen therapy, GOLD grade of COPD, number of acute exacerbations in the previous year, mechanical ventilation, and application of anti-infective drugs were collected. Univariate analysis and logistic regression were used to analyze the risk factors of MP infection in AECOPD patients. Results The positive rate of MP-IgM in 728 AECOPD patients was 15.38% (112/728), including 67 males and 45 females. There was no significant difference in the positive rate of MP-IgM in AECOPD patients between different seasons (χ2=2.840, P>0.05). Age ≥60 (OR=3.243), smoking (OR=2.559) and GOLD grade 3-4 (OR=3.760) were independent risk factors for MP infection in AECOPD patients. Conclusion The incidence of MP infection in AECOPD patients in Liangjiang New Area of Chongqing is relatively high, especially in AECOPD patients with age ≥ 60, smoking, GOLD grade 3-4, which should be warned of the possibility of mycoplasma pneumoniae infection , and targeted treatment measures can improve the cure rate.

Survey on current status of noise hazards in key industries in Tianjin in 2020 / 公共卫生与预防医学

Objective To conduct a survey on the status of noise hazards in Tianjin in 2020, to analyze the main distribution characteristics of noise hazards, and to put forward corresponding preventive and control measures. Methods A unified questionnaire was used to investigate the city-wide enterprises with more than 5 employees, normal production and operation, and noise hazards. The χ2 test was used to analyze the survey results. Results There were 8 560 enterprises with noise hazards, which were concentrated in the five outer suburban districts, the four districts around the city and the Binhai New Area, mainly small and medium-sized enterprises. Totally, 223 800 people were exposed to noise. The rates of noise hazard detection and physical examination of workers were 25.88% and 17.66%, and the rate of over standard detection and the rate of abnormal physical examination were 13.09% and 1.62%, respectively. The differences in noise detection rate, over standard detection rate and physical examination rate were significant in different administrative regions, enterprise scales and industries. The detection rate and physical examination rate of enterprises in the five outer suburban districts, micro-scale enterprises, and paper products industries were the lowest, while the rate of exceeding standards was the highest in the railway, shipping, aerospace and other transportation equipment manufacturing industries. Conclusion Noise is a common occupational hazard in enterprises in Tianjin. There are a large number of people who are exposed to noise. The detection rate and physical examination rate of noise are at a low level. Individual industries have a high rate of exceeding the standard. The current situation of noise hazard prevention and control is not optimistic. It is recommended to pay attention to it and take effective intervention measures.

Participation rate and detection of colorectal neoplasms based on multi-round fecal immunochemical testing for colorectal cancer screening in the Chinese population / 中华肿瘤杂志

Objective: To evaluate the participation rate and detection of colorectal neoplasms based on annual fecal immunochemical testing (FIT) for three consecutive years in a population-based colorectal cancer screening program in China. Methods: Based on a population-based colorectal cancer screening program conducted from May 2018 to May 2021 in 6 centers in China, 7 793 eligible participants aged 50-74 were included and offered free FIT and colonoscopy (for those who were FIT-positive on initial screening). At baseline, all participants were invited to receive FIT. In subsequent screening rounds, only FIT-positive participants who did not undergo colonoscopy or FIT-negative participants were invited to have repeated FIT screening. FIT-positive participants were recommended to undertake colonoscopy and pathological examination (if abnormalities were found during colonoscopy). An overall of three rounds of annual FIT screening were conducted. The primary outcomes of the study were the participation rate of FIT screening, the compliance rate of colonoscopy for FIT-positive participants, and the detection rate of colorectal neoplasms. Results: Among the 7 793 participants included in this study, 3 310 (42.5%) were male, with age of (60.50±6.49) years. The overall participation rates for the first, second and third round of FIT screening were 94.0%(7 327/7 793), 86.8% (6 048/6 968) and 91.3% (6 113/6 693), respectively. Overall, 7 742 out of 7 793 participants (99.3%) attended at least one round of screening, and 5 163 out of 7 793 participants (66.3%) attended all three rounds of screening. The positivity rate was significantly higher in the first (14.6%, 1 071/7 327) round compared with the second (5.6%, 3 41/6 048) and third (5.5%, 3 39/6 113) screening rounds (P<0.001). The overall compliance rates of colonoscopy examination among FIT-positive subjects were over 70% in three rounds, which were 76.3% (817/1 071), 75.7% (258/341) and 71.7% (243/339), respectively. In a multivariate logistic regression model considering factors including sex, education background, smoking, alcohol drinking, previous colonoscopy examination, colonic polyp history and family history of colorectal cancer among first-degree relatives, gender and smoking status were related factors affecting the participation rate of FIT screening, with higher rate in males and non-smokers. In addition, logistic regression analysis also found that age was negatively correlated with the compliance rate of colonoscopy in FIT positive patients. The detection rate of advanced tumors (colorectal cancer + advanced adenoma) declined from the first round to subsequent rounds [1st round: 1.15% (90/7 793); 2nd round: 0.57% (40/6 968); and 3rd round: 0.58% (39/6 693)], however, the positive predictive value for advanced neoplasms increased round by round, and was 11.02% in the first screening round, 15.50% in the second screening round, and 16.05 % in the third screening round. In each screening round, the detection rate for advanced neoplasms was higher in men than that in women, and increased with age. Conclusions: Annual repeated FIT screening has high acceptance and satisfying detection rates in the Chinese population. To optimize and improve the effectiveness of colorectal cancer screening, multi-round repeated FIT screening should be implemented while ensuring high participation rates.

Participation rate and detection of colorectal neoplasms based on multi-round fecal immunochemical testing for colorectal cancer screening in the Chinese population / 中华肿瘤杂志

Objective: To evaluate the participation rate and detection of colorectal neoplasms based on annual fecal immunochemical testing (FIT) for three consecutive years in a population-based colorectal cancer screening program in China. Methods: Based on a population-based colorectal cancer screening program conducted from May 2018 to May 2021 in 6 centers in China, 7 793 eligible participants aged 50-74 were included and offered free FIT and colonoscopy (for those who were FIT-positive on initial screening). At baseline, all participants were invited to receive FIT. In subsequent screening rounds, only FIT-positive participants who did not undergo colonoscopy or FIT-negative participants were invited to have repeated FIT screening. FIT-positive participants were recommended to undertake colonoscopy and pathological examination (if abnormalities were found during colonoscopy). An overall of three rounds of annual FIT screening were conducted. The primary outcomes of the study were the participation rate of FIT screening, the compliance rate of colonoscopy for FIT-positive participants, and the detection rate of colorectal neoplasms. Results: Among the 7 793 participants included in this study, 3 310 (42.5%) were male, with age of (60.50±6.49) years. The overall participation rates for the first, second and third round of FIT screening were 94.0%(7 327/7 793), 86.8% (6 048/6 968) and 91.3% (6 113/6 693), respectively. Overall, 7 742 out of 7 793 participants (99.3%) attended at least one round of screening, and 5 163 out of 7 793 participants (66.3%) attended all three rounds of screening. The positivity rate was significantly higher in the first (14.6%, 1 071/7 327) round compared with the second (5.6%, 3 41/6 048) and third (5.5%, 3 39/6 113) screening rounds (P<0.001). The overall compliance rates of colonoscopy examination among FIT-positive subjects were over 70% in three rounds, which were 76.3% (817/1 071), 75.7% (258/341) and 71.7% (243/339), respectively. In a multivariate logistic regression model considering factors including sex, education background, smoking, alcohol drinking, previous colonoscopy examination, colonic polyp history and family history of colorectal cancer among first-degree relatives, gender and smoking status were related factors affecting the participation rate of FIT screening, with higher rate in males and non-smokers. In addition, logistic regression analysis also found that age was negatively correlated with the compliance rate of colonoscopy in FIT positive patients. The detection rate of advanced tumors (colorectal cancer + advanced adenoma) declined from the first round to subsequent rounds [1st round: 1.15% (90/7 793); 2nd round: 0.57% (40/6 968); and 3rd round: 0.58% (39/6 693)], however, the positive predictive value for advanced neoplasms increased round by round, and was 11.02% in the first screening round, 15.50% in the second screening round, and 16.05 % in the third screening round. In each screening round, the detection rate for advanced neoplasms was higher in men than that in women, and increased with age. Conclusions: Annual repeated FIT screening has high acceptance and satisfying detection rates in the Chinese population. To optimize and improve the effectiveness of colorectal cancer screening, multi-round repeated FIT screening should be implemented while ensuring high participation rates.