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Abstract Background: During breastfeeding, the maternal diet ensures mothers and infants health. Therefore, it is necessary to update information about the diet of exclusively or partially breastfeeding women in each population. We evaluated the diet of Sonoran breastfeeding women, identified their dietary patterns, and examined their association with the breastfeeding regime. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 62 women breastfeeding exclusively (n = 43) or partially (n = 19) participated. The diet was assessed using a food frequency questionnaire, and patterns were identified through principal component analysis. Results: Overall, fats and sodium intake were higher, while potassium intake was lower than recommended. Two dietary patterns were identified: "regional" (n = 36) and "prudent" (n = 26). Women following the "prudent" pattern consumed more protein, calcium, and potassium than those following the "regional" pattern (p < 0.05). The probability of exclusively breastfeeding women having a "prudent" dietary pattern was higher than that of partially breastfeeding women (adjusted odds ratios = 7.29, p = 0.019). Conclusions: Exclusive breastfeeding possibly motivated mothers to follow a more prudent diet than those who partially breastfed. Therefore, it is crucial to promote a healthy diet among breastfeeding mothers.
Resumen Introducción: Durante el amamantamiento, la dieta garantiza la salud materno-infantil. Por esto, es necesario contar con información actualizada sobre la dieta de quienes amamantan exclusiva o parcialmente en cada población. El objetivo de este trabajo fue evaluar la dieta de mujeres sonorenses amamantando, identificar sus patrones dietarios y buscar su asociación con el régimen de lactancia. Métodos: En este estudio transversal participaron 62 mujeres amamantando de forma exclusiva (n = 43) o parcialmente (n = 19). Se evaluó la dieta con un cuestionario de frecuencia de consumo de alimentos y los patrones se identificaron a través del análisis de componentes principales. Resultados: En general, la ingestión de grasas y sodio fue superior y la de potasio inferior a las cantidades recomendadas. Se identificaron dos patrones dietarios: "regional" (n = 36) y "prudente" (n = 26). Las mujeres con patrón "prudente" ingirieron más proteína, calcio y potasio que las del patrón "regional" (p < 0.05). La probabilidad de que las mujeres que amamantaban en exclusiva siguieran un patrón dietario "prudente" fue mayor que la de aquellas que amamantaban parcialmente (razón de momios ajustada (AOR) = 7.29, p = 0.019). Conclusiones: La lactancia exclusiva posiblemente motivó a las madres a seguir una dieta más prudente que la de aquellas que amamantaban parcialmente. Es necesario promover una dieta saludable entre las madres amamantando.
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Objective To investigate the impact of healthy eating patterns on the mortality rate and in-cidence rates of end-stage kidney disease(ESKD)and cardiovascular disease(CVD)in the patients with chronic kidney disease(CKD)by meta analysis.Methods The studies on the relationship between the dietary patterns on the mortality,and the incidence rates of ESKD and CVD in the patients with CKD were retrieved from PubMed,Embase,Cochrane Library,CNKI,Wanfang Database and VIP Database.The retrieval time was from the database establishment to January 2023.The two researchers independently screened the literatures,ex-tracted the data and conducted the literature quality evaluation.The RevMan5.3 software was used for the meta-analysis of the included literatures.Results A total of 10 studies were included in this study,involving 27 291 patients.The results showed that the mortality(HR=0.70,95%CI:0.57-0.87,Z=3.18,P=0.001)and the ESKD incidence rate(HR=0.80,95%CI:0.71-0.91,Z=3.44,P<0.001)and CVD inci-dence rate(HR=0.77;95%CI:0.61-0.97,Z=2.21,P=0.003)had statistical differences between the pa-tients with high dietary score and the patients with low dietary score.Conclusion Persisting in the healthy dieta-ry patterns could decrease the mortality rate,and incidence rates of ESKD and CVD in the patients with CKD.
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【Objective】 To analyze nutrition-related factors that affect the prevalence of myopia in adolescents, in order to provide reference for primary prevention of myopia. 【Methods】 A stratified sampling method was used to select 385 adolescents from Zhengding County in October 2021. Adolescents in this study took vision testing, physical examination and completed a questionnaire survey. One-way analysis of variance and lasso regression were used to screen the variables, and Logistic regression was used to determine the possible influencing factors of myopia. Factor analysis was adopted to extract the dietary patterns of adolescents in Zhengding County, then the association between dietary patterns and myopia was analyzed. 【Results】 A total of 385 adolescents were surveyed, with the prevalence rate of myopia of about 68.6%. Multivariate analysis revealed that fried food(OR=8.480, 95%CI:1.058 - 67.971) was a risk factor for myopia, while intake of milk and dairy products(OR=0.994, 95%CI:0.991 - 0.999), soybeans and nuts(OR=0.997, 95%CI:0.994 - 0.999), no myopia in either parent(OR=0.312, 95%CI:0.115 - 0.845), physical education class 4 times per week(OR=0.269, 95%CI:0.074 - 0.984) were statistically associated with a lower risk of myopia(P<0.05). Three dietary patterns was extracted through factor analysis, including diversified dietary pattern, soy-hybrid dietary pattern, and snack and beverage dietary pattern. Logistic analysis results indicated that soy-hybrid dietary pattern(OR=0.85, 95%CI:0.73 - 0.99,P<0.05) was statistically associated with myopia. 【Conclusions】 The problem of myopia among adolescents in Zhengding County is more serious. Increasing the intake of milk and dairy products, soybeans and nuts, reducing the intake of fried foods, and adjusting the overall dietary structure should be recommended in order to prevent the development of myopia in adolescents.
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ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: Weight retention during the post-partum period is associated with excessive weight gain. OBJECTIVES: To investigate factors associated with maternal weight retention at six months post-partum (PPWR). DESIGN AND SETTING: A prospective cohort study was conducted with 127 women monitored using prenatal services. METHODS: The outcome variable was represented by post-partum maternal weight retention and calculated as the difference between the mother's weight at sixth month post-partum and her pregestational weight. RESULTS: The mean age of the pregnant women was 26.7 ± 5.25 years old, and the post-partum maternal weight retention was 46.5%. The proximal determinants showed a direct association with PPWR after adjusting for the distal and intermediate variables: excessive gestational weight gain (odds ratio [OR]:3.34; confidence interval [CI]:1.16-9.59), greater adhesion to dietary intake pattern 2 (composed of red meats and derivatives, eggs, industrialized foods, and coffee) (OR:2.70; CI:1.16-6.32), and the absence of exclusive maternal breastfeeding in the first month (OR:3.40; CI:1.27-9.12), as well as primiparity (OR:2.36; CI:1.00-5.55), an intermediate determinant. Insufficient weight gain in pregnancy was inversely associated with the outcome (OR:0.35; CI:0.31-0.93). CONCLUSIONS: Among the hierarchical determinants, proximal factors were interrelated with maternal weight retention, indicating that excessive total weight gain, an inadequate dietary intake pattern, and the absence of exclusive maternal breastfeeding in the first month of life work as dampeners of the return to pre-gestational weight. Prepartum and post-partum care interventions can contribute to reducing excess weight in women.
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ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: Few food frequency questionnaires (FFQ) have been validated for pregnant women, particularly those in small- and medium-sized cities in different regions of Brazil. OBJECTIVES: To validate and calibrate a semiquantitative FFQ for pregnant women. DESIGN AND SETTING: The study was validated with a sample of 50 pregnant women (≥ 18 years) enrolled in Brazilian prenatal services. METHODS: An FFQ and a 24-hour recall were used to evaluate dietary intake. Dietary variables were tested for normality and log-converted when asymmetrical. Pearson's Correlation Coefficient was used to validate the questionnaire. Linear regression was applied to extract calibration factors. All variables underlying the consumption analysis were adjusted for energy. RESULTS: The mean age of the pregnant women was 26 years ± 6.2 years; 58% were in their first trimester, and 30% were identified as overweight/obese. The Pearson correlation analysis results indicated that the FFQ overestimated energy and nutrient intake, whose coefficients ranged from −0.15 (monounsaturated fat) to 0.50 (carbohydrate). Adjusting for energy reduced the mean values of intake coefficients, which now ranged from −0.33 (sodium) to 0.96 (folate). The calibration analysis results indicated variation in the coefficients from −0.23 (sodium) to 1.00 (folate). Calibration produced satisfactory coefficients for the FFQ compared with the reference standard for energy, macronutrients, monounsaturated fat, cholesterol, vitamins B12/C, folate, sodium, iron, and calcium. CONCLUSIONS: After validating and calibrating tests, we observed that the FFQ was adequately accurate for assessing the food consumption of the pregnant women in this study.
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ABSTRACT Objective To identify dietary patterns and analyze factors associated with the consumption profile of socially vulnerable children, Maceió, state of Alagoas, Brazil, August 2019 to December 2021. Methods This was a cross-sectional study; sociodemographic, anthropometric and food consumption variables were collected, factor analysis was used to identify dietary patterns; associations were analyzed using Poisson regression. Results Among the 567 children studied, two dietary patterns were identified, healthy and unhealthy; age ≥ 24 months (PR = 2.75; 95%CI 1.83;4.14), male gender (PR = 0.66; 95%CI 0.49;0.87) and maternal schooling ≤ 9 years (PR = 0.61; 95%CI 0.46;0.81) was higher in the healthy pattern; the unhealthy pattern was associated with age ≥ 24 months (PR = 1.02; 95%CI 1.01;1.03) and male gender (PR = 1.46; 95%CI 1.08;1.98). Conclusion The healthy pattern was more frequent in children aged ≥ 24 months, less frequent in male children and mothers with low level of schooling; children aged ≥ 24 months and males showed a higher prevalence of the unhealthy pattern.
RESUMEN Objetivo Identificar hábitos alimentarios de niños socialmente vulnerables y analizar su relación con factores vinculados al perfil de consumo de Maceió, Alagoas, Brasil. Métodos Estudio transversal de base poblacional llevado a cabo de agosto de 2019 a diciembre de 2021; se recogieron variables sociodemográficas, antropométricas y de consumo de alimentos, los patrones alimenticios se identificaron mediante análisis factorial; las asociaciones se analizaron mediante regresión de Poisson. Resultados De los 567 niños estudiados se identificaron dos hábitos de alimentación, "saludable" y "no saludable"; edad ≥ 24 meses (RP = 2,75; IC95% 1,83;4,14), sexo masculino (RP = 0,66; IC95% 0,49;0,87) y educación materna ≤ 9 años (RP = 0,61; IC95% 0,46;0,81) se asociaron al patrón "saludable"; el patrón "no saludable" se asoció con la edad ≥ 24 meses (RP = 1,02; IC95% 1,01;1,03) y el sexo masculino (RP = 1,46; IC95% 1,08;1,98). Conclusión El patrón "saludable" fue más frecuente en niños ≥ 24 meses y menos frecuente en niños varones y madres con menor educación; los niños de ≥ 24 meses y los varones tuvieron una mayor prevalencia del patrón "no saludable".
RESUMO Objetivo Identificar padrões alimentares e analisar fatores associados ao perfil de consumo de crianças em vulnerabilidade social, Maceió, Alagoas, Brasil, agosto/2019-dezembro/2021. Métodos Estudo transversal; coletaram-se variáveis sociodemográficas, antropométricas e de consumo alimentar, identificaram-se padrões alimentares por análise fatorial; analisaram-se associações mediante regressão de Poisson. Resultados Das 567 crianças estudadas, identificaram-se dois padrões alimentares, saudável e não saudável; idade ≥ 24 meses (RP = 2,75; IC95% 1,83;4,14), sexo masculino (RP = 0,66; IC95% 0,49;0,87) e escolaridade materna ≤ 9 anos (RP = 0,61; IC95% 0,46;0,81) associaram-se ao padrão saudável; o padrão não saudável foi maior em idade ≥ 24 meses (RP = 1,02; IC95% 1,01;1,03) e sexo masculino (RP = 1,46; IC95% 1,08;1,98). Conclusão Padrão saudável mais frequente em crianças ≥ 24 meses, menos frequente no sexo masculino e em mães de menor escolaridade; crianças ≥ 24 meses e do sexo masculino apresentaram maior prevalência do padrão não saudável.
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Dietary patterns (DPs) are conditioned by a large number of factors, including physical activity and sedentary lifestyle, however, there is limited information on their interaction. This study aimed to identify DPs and their associations with physical activity and sedentary behavior among university students from Mexico. We conducted a cross-sectional, observational and analytical study. The participants were university students from Southwest Mexico. A total of 419 participants who did not suffer from any disease that affects oral nutrition or that prevented them from performing physical activity were included. DPs were generated from a principal component analysis and associations were analyzed using a logistic regression model. Three DPs were identified: "western", "prudent" and "traditional". The traditional pattern was significantly associated with high physical activity (OR: 2.78; 95% CI: 1.34-5.75) and was a protective factor against sedentary lifestyle (OR: 0.35; 95% CI: 0.13-0.93). The results show that a high physical activity and a lower sedentary lifestyle were associated with a healthier dietary pattern in the study population. It is important to implement interventions towards nutrition, physical activity and sedentary behavior for the population being studied.
Los patrones dietéticos están condicionados por una gran cantidad de factores, entre ellos la actividad física y el sedentarismo, sin embargo, existe poca información sobre su interacción. Este estudio tuvo como objetivo identificar patrones dietéticos y sus asociaciones con la actividad física y el comportamiento sedentario entre estudiantes universitarios del suroeste de México. Se trata de un estudio transversal, observacional y analítico. Los participantes fueron estudiantes universitarios del suroeste de México. Se incluyeron un total de 419 participantes que no padecían alguna enfermedad que condicionara su nutrición oral, ni condición que les impidiera realizar actividad física. Se realizó un análisis de componentes principales para determinar los patrones dietéticos, mientras que se utilizó un modelo de regresión logística para verificar las asociaciones. Se identificaron tres patrones dietéticos: "occidental", "prudente" y "tradicional". El patrón tradicional se asoció significativamente con actividad física elevada (OR: 2,78; IC 95%: 1,34-5,75) y fue un factor protector contra el sedentarismo (OR: 0,35; IC 95%: 0,13-0,93). Los resultados muestran que una alta actividad física y un menor sedentarismo se asociaron con un patrón dietético más saludable en la población de estudio. Es importante implementar intervenciones hacia la nutrición, la actividad física y el sedentarismo para la población en estudio.
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Objective To understand the dietary structure and nutritional characteristics of children aged 6-17 under the mode of collective feeding and self-catering in schools, and their effects on children's health-related indicators. Methods From January to April 2022, stratified sampling method was used to select 2 collective feeding schools and 2 non-feeding schools in Baoshan District of Shanghai City, and finally 1 538 school-age children aged 6-17 were selected. Then, the “3-day 24-hour dietary review method” and “eighing method” were used to carry out the survey, and combined with the “Chinese Residents' Balanced Diet Pagoda (2016)” and “Chinese Residents' Dietary Nutrient Reference Intakes (DRIs 2013)” standards to analyze the Food intake and energy supply ratio of the three major nutrients. At the same time, on-site sampling was conducted on the last day to collect samples of children's height, weight, blood pressure, blood, etc, and analyze the changes of students' obesity, anemia, blood lipids and other routinely available indicators. Results Compared with the school group feeding mode, the students in the self-dining mode had a higher rate of insufficient intake of cereals, potatoes and vegetables; and the latter students had a higher intake of aquatic products. high (P28.0) was 3.8%, the rate of high TG was 7.3%, the rate of hypertension was 1.9%, and the rate of iron deficiency anemia was 2.6%, bone calcium loss rate was 2.8%, hyperglycemia rate was 5.1%. In addition, pearson correlation analysis showed that the intake of cereals and potatoes was positively correlated with BMI (r=0.348) and systolic blood pressure (r=0.438), and the intake of salt was also positively correlated with systolic blood pressure (r=0.472). ), while the intake of aquatic products was negatively correlated with the change of BMI value (r=-0.331). Conclusion Children aged 6-17 have insufficient intake of vegetables , aquatic products, soybeans and nuts in their diets. In addition, they need to pay attention to the intake of salt to prevent the occurrence of adverse health problems such as obesity and hyperlipidemia in children.
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@#Introduction: There is limited evidence on dietary patterns and the risk of type 2 diabetes (T2D) in women with a history of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) compared to their non-GDM counterparts, especially in the Asian population. The pilot study investigated dietary patterns in women with a history of GDM (HGDM) and without a history of GDM (non-HGDM), and the association with T2D risk. Methods: This comparative cross-sectional study involved 64 women (32 HGDM, 32 non-HGDM). Food intake was assessed using a validated food frequency questionnaire. Principal component analysis derived the dietary patterns. T2D risk score was determined using the Finnish Diabetes Risk Score tool. Results: HGDM group had significantly higher proportion of first-degree family history of diabetes; higher risk of T2D and better diabetes knowledge; lower gestational weight gain and postpartum weight retention; and consumed more fast food than nonHGDM. ‘Rice-noodle-pasta-meat’ dietary pattern was significantly associated with increased T2D risk after adjusting for age (β=0.272, p=0.032). ‘Bread-cereals-fast food-meat’ dietary pattern was positively and significantly associated with T2D risk after adjusting for confounders, including age, education level, family history of diabetes, diabetes knowledge score, gestational weight gain, and postpartum weight retention (β=0.251, p=0.012). Conclusion: Dietary patterns high in bread, cereals and cereal products, fast food and meat, as well as rice, noodle, pasta and meat were associated with an elevated T2D risk. A more extensive study is warranted to establish the association between dietary patterns and risk of T2D, focusing on women with a history of GDM.
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Abstract Objectives: investigate whether prenatal characteristics were associated with dietary pattern of pregnant women. Methods: we studied 200 high-risk pregnant women in Fortaleza, Ceará. The identification of dietary patterns was performed through principal component analysis with the orthogonal Varimax rotation. Poisson regression was used to estimate prevalence ratios (PR) and respective confidence intervals (CI95%). Results: three major dietary patterns were identified: 'common Brazilian', 'healthy' and 'energy-dense'. After adjustments conducted with multivariate analysis, pregnant women who had not received dietary guidance in prenatal consultations (34%) were less likely to adhere to the 'healthy' pattern (PR = 0,81; CI95%= 0,67-0,95). Pregnant women who attended an appropriate number of consultations (≥ 6 consultations) (41%) showed greater adherence to the 'healthy' pattern (PR = 1,15; CI95%= 1,01-1,32) and lower adherence to the 'energy-dense' pattern (PR = 0,85; CI95%= 0,74-0,99). Conclusion: it was observed that the high-risk pregnant women who attended an adequate number of consultations during the prenatal care had a higher chance to adhere to the 'healthy' pattern and a lower chance to adhere to the 'energy-dense' pattern. Not receiving guidelines on prenatal nutrition was inversely associated with the healthy pattern. Thus, the importance of high-risk pregnant women undergoing an appropriate prenatal care is reinforced.
Resumo Objetivos: investigar o efeito potencial das características de acompanhamento do pré-natal em padrões alimentares identificados em gestantes de alto risco. Métodos: foram estudadas 200 gestantes de alto-risco de Fortaleza, Ceará. Os padrões alimentares foram identificados pela análise de componentes principais seguida de rotação ortogonal Varimax. Utilizou-se Regressão de Poisson para estimar as razões de prevalência (RP) e os intervalos de confança (IC95%). Resultados: três padrões alimentares foram identificados: 'comum brasileiro', 'saudável' e 'denso em energia'. Após a realização de ajuste com análise multivariada, as gestantes que não receberam orientação sobre alimentação nas consultas do pré-natal (34%) apresentaram menores chances de adesão ao padrão 'saudável' (RP = 0.81, IC95%= 0.67-0.95). Aquelas que realizaram um número de consultas adequado (≥ 6 consultas) (41%) apresentaram maior adesão ao padrão 'saudável' (RP = 1.15, IC95%= 1.01-1.32) e menor adesão ao padrão 'denso em energia' (RP = 0.85, IC95%= 0.74-0.99). Conclusão: observou-se que as gestantes de alto risco que compareceram a um número adequado de consultas no pré-natal tiveram maior chance de aderir ao padrão 'saudável' e menor chance de aderir ao padrão 'denso em energia'. Não receber orientações sobre nutrição durante o pré-natal foi inversamente associado ao padrão 'saudável'. Reforçando a importância das gestantes de alto risco realizarem um pré-natal adequado.
الموضوعات
Humans , Female , Pregnancy , Prenatal Care , Pregnancy, High-Risk , Prenatal Nutrition , Feeding Behavior , Diet, Healthy , Brazil , Health Education , Cross-Sectional Studiesالملخص
Introdução: A alimentação é um dos principais fatores para a promoção da saúde. Situações do meio acadêmico e estilo de vida propiciam aos universitários, dificuldades em cuidar da própria alimentação, por fatores como, omissão de refeições, alto consumo de lanches rápidos, instabilidade psicossocial, desencadeando possíveis doenças crônicas não transmissíveis nessa população. Um grupo de alimentos frequentemente consumido por uma pessoa ou população é chamado de padrão alimentar. São poucos os estudos que abordam padrões alimentares e correlacionam com o estado nutricional de universitários. Objetivo: Verificar a associação dos padrões alimentares e o estado nutricional de estudantes universitários. Metodologia: Trata-se de um estudo transversal com abordagem descritiva e analítica, realizado em uma Universidade privada em Fortaleza, Ceará. Foi realizada entrevista para coleta de dados socioeconômicos, demográficos, antropométricos e de consumo alimentar. A amostra foi composta por 150 estudantes. Resultados: Foram identificados três padrões alimentares. Mulheres mostraram maior adesão que os homens ao padrão saudável(p=0,014). A maioria dos universitários de 19 a 24 anos mostrou alta adesão ao padrão misto(p=0,012). Alunos que demonstraram excesso de peso tiveram maior adesão ao padrão misto (p=0,020). Conclusões: O padrão alimentar dos universitários possui significativa influência da idade, sexo, excesso de peso e índice de massa corporal (AU).
Introduction:Food is one of the main factors for health promotion. Academic and lifestyle situations make it difficult for university students to take care of their own food, due to factors such as omission of meals, high consumption of snacks, psychosocial instability, triggering possible chronic non-communicable diseasesin this population. A group of foods often consumed by a person or population is called a dietary pattern. There are few studies that address dietary patterns and correlate with the nutritional status of university students.Objective:To verify the association of dietary patterns and the nutritional status of university students.Methodology:This is a cross-sectional study with a descriptive and analytical approach, carried out at a private University in Fortaleza, Ceará. An interview was conducted to collect socioeconomic, demographic, anthropometric and food consumption data. The sample consisted of 150 students. Results:Three dietary patterns have been identified. Women showed greater adherence than men to the healthy pattern(p=0.014). Most university students aged 19 to 24 years old showed high adherence to the mixed pattern(p=0.012). Students who showed excess weight had greater adherence to the mixed pattern (p=0.020). Conclusions:The dietary pattern of college students has a significant influence on age, sex, overweight andbody mass index (AU).
Introducción: La comida es uno de los principales factores para la promoción de la salud. Las situaciones académicas y de estilo de vida dificultan que los estudiantes universitarios cuiden su propia comida, debido a factores como la omisión de comidas, el alto consumo de refrigerios, la inestabilidad psicosocial, lo que desencadena posibles enfermedades crónicas no transmisibles en esta población. Un grupo de alimentos a menudo consumidos por una persona o población se denomina patrón dietético.Existen pocos estudios que aborden los patrones dietéticos y loscorrelacionen con el estado nutricional de los estudiantes universitarios. Objetivo:Verificar la asociación de los patrones dietéticos y el estado nutricional de estudiantes universitarios.Metodología: Este es un estudio transversal con un enfoque descriptivo y analítico, realizado en una universidad privada en Fortaleza, Ceará. Se realizó una entrevista para recopilar datos socioeconómicos, demográficos, antropométricos y de consumo de alimentos. La muestra consistió en 150 estudiantes.Resultados: Se han identificado tres patrones dietéticos. Las mujeres mostraron una mayor adherencia que los hombres al patrón saludable(p=0.014). La mayoría de los estudiantes universitarios de 19 a 24 años mostraron una alta adherencia al patrón mixto(p=0.012). Los estudiantes que mostraron exceso de peso tuvieron una mayor adherencia al patrón mixto (p=0.020).Conclusiones: El patrón dietético de los estudiantes universitarios tiene una influencia significativa en la edad, el sexo, el sobrepeso y elindice de masa corporal (AU).
الموضوعات
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Students, Health Occupations , Body Mass Index , Nutritional Status , Feeding Behavior , Access to Healthy Foods , Chi-Square Distribution , Cross-Sectional Studies/methods , Factor Analysis, Statistical , Diet, Healthy , Sociodemographic Factorsالملخص
ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: There are few studies on the influence of a cash transfer program on nutritional outcomes from pregnancy. OBJECTIVES: To analyze how a Brazilian conditional cash transfer program (Bolsa Familia Program, BFP) was associated with changes in body mass index (BMI) and food consumption among pregnant women. DESIGN AND SETTING: Cohort study on 250 pregnant women (≥ 18 years of age) in Brazilian prenatal services. METHODS: A food frequency questionnaire was used to evaluate dietary intake. Weight was measured in each gestational trimester. Generalized estimation equations and structural equation modeling were used for statistical analyses. Correlations were analyzed using standardized coefficients (SCs). RESULTS: Women benefitting from the BFP were of greater age and had lower education. The BFP exerted a direct negative effect on the pregnant women's consumption choices regarding refined grains, regional foods, vegetable oil, sausages, salted meats and snacks (SC = -0.10) and on maternal BMI (SC = -0.12). Among the intermediate variables, we observed that the time elapsed since pregnancy and the month of prenatal onset had direct negative effects; and that the number of visits to doctors, family income and number of years of education had direct positive effects. CONCLUSIONS: Beneficiaries were less likely to increase their BMI outside of the recommended standards and had a greater tendency to receive prenatal care. Participation in the BFP had a direct negative effect on adherence to unhealthy diets.
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Abstract The present systematic review (PROSPERO: CRD42020148630) hypothesizes the association of excessive weight gain during pregnancywith dietary patterns composed of ultraprocessed foods. Thus, the objective was to investigate the association between dietary patterns after analysis and weight gain during pregnancy. The search for articles was performed in nine databases. Two reviewers selected the articles in the databases and extracted from them the data used in the review. Two scales were used to evaluate the quality of the selected studies: New Castle-Ottawa Quality Assessment for cohort-based studies and Appraisal tool for Cross-Sectional Studies (AXIS) for cross-sectional-based studies. In total, 11 studies were identified with sample size variation (n=173-5,733). Women presenting more adherence to healthy and traditional patterns (fruits, vegetables, salads, nuts, and dairy) recorded less excessive gestational weight gain (GWG). Higher intake ofmixed patterns and western patterns rich in ultraprocessed foods were associated with a higher prevalence of excessive GWG (24.48- 55.20%). Gestational dietary patterns a posteriori-derived that have presented ultraprocessed components rich in fat and sugars presented association with high GWG; healthy and traditional dietary patterns were related to better mother-child health conditions, such as adequate GWG.
Resumo A presente revisão sistemática (PROSPERO: CRD42020148630) tem como hipótese que o ganho de peso excessivo durante a gravidez está associado aos padrões alimentares compostos por alimentos ultraprocessados. Desta forma, objetivou-se investigar a associação entre o padrão alimentar a posteriori e o ganho de peso durante a gestação. A busca de artigos foi realizada em nove bases de dados. Dois revisores selecionaram os artigos nestas bases e extraíram as informações utilizadas na revisão. Duas escalas foram utilizadas para avaliar a qualidade dos estudos selecionados: Escala de Avaliação da Qualidade de New Castle-Ottawa para estudos baseados em coortes e a Ferramenta de Avaliação de Estudos Transversais (escala AXIS) para estudos transversais. No total, foram identificados 11 trabalhos com variação do tamanho amostral (n=173-5.733). As mulheres que apresentaram maior adesão aos padrões alimentares saudáveis e tradicionais (frutas, hortaliças e vegetais, nozes e laticínios) apresentarammenor ganho de peso gestacional (GPG). A maior ingestão de padrões alimentares mistos e ocidentais ricos em alimentos ultraprocessados foi associada a uma maior prevalência de GPG excessivo (24,48-55,20%). Os padrões alimentares gestacionais derivados a posteriori que apresentaram componentes ultraprocessados ricos em gordura e açúcares apresentaram associação como maior GPG; os padrões alimentares saudáveis e tradicionais foram relacionados a melhores condições de saúde maternoinfantil, como GPG adequado.
الموضوعات
Humans , Female , Pregnancy , Diet Therapy , Feeding Behavior , Gestational Weight Gainالملخص
ABSTRACT Objective: To investigate the association of dietary patterns, number of daily meals and anthropometric measures among women in age of menopause. Subjects and methods: This was a transversal study with 320 women over 50 years old from Caxias do Sul, Brazil. The outcomes were body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference (WC). Multiple linear regression was performed. Results: Three dietary patterns: regional, fruits and vegetables, and common Brazilian was identified by Principal Component Analysis. After adjustment, higher adoption of the regional dietary pattern was associated with increased BMI (β = 0.56 [CI95% = 0.03-1.08], p = 0.037) and WC (β = 1.28 [CI95% = 0.17-2,55], p = 0.047). The highest number of meals per day (>=5/day) was associated with reduced BMI (β = -1.18 [CI95% = -2.30 to -0.05], p = 0.041) and WC (β = -2.77 [CI95% = -5.41 to -0.13], p = 0.039), and a mid-afternoon snack BMI (β = -2.16 [CI95% = -3.66 to -0.65], p = 0.005) and WC (β = -5.76 [CI95% = -9.29 to -2.23], p = 0,001). The regional dietary pattern was inversely associated with have five or more meals per day (β = -0.51 [CI95% = -0.84 to -0.18], p = 0.002) and have a mid-afternoon snack (β = -0.63 [CI95% = -1.07 to -0.18], p = 0.006). The fruit and vegetables dietary pattern was positively associated with have five or more meals per day (β = 0.35 [CI95% = 0.02-0.69], p = 0.034). Conclusion: The regional dietary pattern has resulted in higher BMI and WC measures and contributes to decreased meals per day, behavior associated with higher anthropometric measures.
الموضوعات
Humans , Female , Menopause , Meals , Body Mass Index , Cross-Sectional Studies , Waist Circumference , Middle Agedالملخص
RESUMEN El objetivo fue analizar los cambios en el estado nutricional, presión arterial y patrones dietéticos de jóvenes evaluados durante la primera semana de inducción y seis meses posterior al ingreso a la Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud de una universidad pública de Valparaíso, Chile. Estudio comparativo, con diseño longitudinal de cohorte, análisis por-protocolo. Los patrones dietéticos se determinaron mediante una Encuesta de Tendencia de Consumo Cuantificado, la evaluación antropométrica incluyó mediciones estandarizadas de peso, estatura y perímetro de cintura, la composición corporal se determinó mediante impedancia bioeléctrica, y la presión arterial con esfigmomanómetro digital. Las mediciones se realizaron al inicio y término del primer semestre de 2017 (n= 76). En ambos sexos se observó una ganancia significativa de peso corporal, IMC, masa grasa e incremento de la presión arterial sistólica, además en hombres aumentó el perímetro de cintura y la presión arterial diastólica (p<0,05). Los hombres disminuyeron significativamente el consumo de lácteos (-43,1%) y aumentaron el consumo de carnes procesadas y comida rápida (40,6%), en cambio las mujeres disminuyeron significativamente el consumo de bebidas y refrescos (-58,0%) y de alimentos con cafeína (-54,1%). No hubo cambios en el consumo de energía y macronutrientes, sin embargo, un alto porcentaje presentó un consumo deficiente de ácidos grasos poliinsaturados ω-3, fibra dietética, ciertas vitaminas y minerales, y principalmente excesivo en ácidos grasos saturados, fósforo y sodio. Se identificaron cambios negativos en el estado nutricional, presión arterial y en los patrones dietéticos posterior al ingreso a la educación superior.
ABSTRACT The objective was to analyze the changes in nutritional status, blood pressure and dietary patterns, of young people evaluated during their induction week and six months after being admitted to the Faculty of Health Sciences of a public university in Valparaiso, Chile. This was a comparative study, with a longitudinal cohort, per-protocol analysis. Anthropometric evaluation included standardized measures of weight, height and waist circumference. Body composition was determined through bioelectrical impedance, and blood pressure was measured using a digital sphygmomanometer. Dietary patterns were determined through a survey of quantified consumption trends. Measurements were taken at the beginning (n= 139) and end of the first term in 2017 (n=76). In both sexes, significant increases in body weight, BMI, fat mass and systolic blood pressure were observed. Furthermore, in men, increases in waist circumference and diastolic blood pressure (p<0.05) were observed. Men significantly decreased their dairy consumption (-43.1%) and increased their consumption of processed meats and fast-food (40.6%). Conversely, women significantly decreased their soft drink consumption (-58.0%) and caffeinated products (-54.1%). No changes in energy and macronutrient consumption were observed. A high percentage of the participants presented a deficient consumption of polyunsaturated fatty acids ω-3, dietary fiber, and certain vitamins and minerals. They also presented excessive consumption of saturated fatty acids, phosphorus and sodium. Negative changes were identified in nutritional state, blood pressure and dietary patterns when admitted in tertiary education.
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Objective:Investigate the relationship between dietary patterns and sarcopenia in a Chinese elderly population.Methods:Participants in this cross-sectional study were recruited from the Tianjin Chronic Low-grade Systemic Inflammation and Health Cohort Study. The study population comprised 2 423 participants, with mean age of (67.6±5.2) years. Sarcopenia was defined based on the guidelines of the Asian Working Group for Sarcopenia. Three dietary patterns were derived by factor analysis: fruit and sweet pattern, traditional oriental pattern, and animal food pattern. The association between quartile categories of dietary pattern scores and the presence of sarcopenia was analyzed using multiple logistic regression models. Odds ratios ( OR) and 95% confidence interval ( CI) were calculated. Results:The prevalence of sarcopenia was 16.1%. After adjusting for confounding factors, compared with the lowest quartile, the adjusted OR ( 95%CI) of sarcopenia for the highest quintile of Fruit and sweet pattern score, Traditional oriental pattern score and Animal food pattern score were 1.06 (0.74, 1.50), 0.54 (0.34, 0.86), and 0.50 (0.33, 0.74), ( P for trend were 0.87,<0.01, and<0.001), respectively. Conclusions:The current study found that the traditional oriental pattern and animal food pattern has a protective relation for sarcopenia in elderly adults, which suggests its potential to attenuate or prevent the progression of sarcopenia.
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ABSTRACT Neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) is an autosomal dominant genetic disease characterized by multisystem involvement such as bone, muscle, endocrine, ophthalmologic, cardiovascular, central and peripheral nervous system, cognitive capacity, voice, and oral motor disorders. Nutritional studies in individuals with NF1 have been performed recently. While a previous study showed an inadequate nutrient intake in patients with NF1, the dietary patterns of this population have not yet been widely studied. This study aimed to characterize dietary patterns in Brazilian adults with NF1. Sixty NF1 individuals (51.7% women), ≥18 years of age underwent nutritional assessment including laboratory analysis, anthropometrics, and eating habits recorded on a food frequency questionnaire. Cluster analysis was used to distinguish between dietary patterns. Hypothesis tests were used to compare data. Two groups with distinct patterns were identified, "Healthy" (46.7%) and "Western" (53.3%). These groups were similar in most of the socioeconomic, anthropometric, demographic and laboratory parameters evaluated. However, the upper-arm total area and upper-arm muscle area (UAMA) were lower in the Western group than those in the Healthy group [59.8 (25.7) cm2 versus 65.6 (28.3) cm2, P=0.049; 35.6±12.4 cm2 versus 43.8±15.0 cm2, P=0.024, respectively]. In this study, most individuals with NF1 had a Western dietary pattern and this group showed a lower UAMA, which may indicate a potential contribution, even in part, of diet in the muscle phenotype in this population. This association between diet and muscle in NF1 individuals requires investigation in further studies.
RESUMEN La neurofibromatosis tipo 1 (NF1) es una enfermedad genética autosómica dominante caracterizada por la afectación multisistémica, alterando los sistemas óseo, muscular, endocrino, oftálmico, cardiovascular, nervioso central y periférico así como las capacidades cognitivas. Un estudio previo señaló una ingesta inadecuada de nutrientes en pacientes con NF1, pero los patrones dietéticos de esta población aún no han sido estudiados ampliamente. El objetivo de este est udio es caracterizar los patrones dietéticos en brasileños con NF1. Sesenta individuos con NF1 (51,7% mujeres) ≥18 años se sometieron a una evaluación nutricional que incluyeron análisis de laboratorio, antropometría y hábitos alimentarios registrados en un cuestionario de frecuencia alimentaria. El análisis de conglomerados se utilizó para distinguir los patrones dietéticos; las pruebas de hipótesis para comparar datos. Se identificaron dos grupos con patrones distintos, denominados Saludables (46,7%) y Occidentales (53,3%). Estos grupos fueron similares en la mayoría de los parámetros socioeconómicos, antropométricos, demográficos y de laboratorio evaluados. Sin embargo, las áreas total braquial (ATB) y muscular braquial (AMB) fueron menores en el grupo occidental que en el grupo sano [59,8 (25,7) cm2 y 65,6 (28,3) cm2, P= 0,049; 35,6 ± 12,4 cm2 y 43,8 ± 15,0 cm2, P= 0,024, respectivamente]. En este estudio, la mayoría de las personas con NF1 habían consumido un patrón dietético occidental y este grupo presentó un AMB menor, lo que puede indicar una contribución potencial, incluso en parte, de la dieta en el fenotipo muscular en esta población. Esta asociación entre dieta y músculo en personas con NF1 requiere investigaciones en estudios adicionales.
الموضوعات
Male , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , Nutritional Status , Neurofibromatosis 1 , Genetic Diseases, Inborn , Feeding Behavior , Neoplasms , Neurofibromaالملخص
OBJECTIVES@#Sleep disorders directly affect health-related quality of life, so it is of great significance to investigate the risk factors of sleep disorders and to actively intervene. This study aims to investigate the relationship between dietary patterns and associated factors and sleep disorders among the health screening populations in Changsha.@*METHODS@#A cross-sectional study was carried out in 86 073 subjects aged 18-70 years old who underwent the health screening. The association between dietary patterns and sleep disorders was analyzed. The associated factors for sleep disorders were identified via by principal component analysis and classification tree model.@*RESULTS@#The overall prevalence of reporting sleep disorders was 18.64%. Four major dietary patterns (healthy, snacks, whole-grain, and fried food patterns) were identified. In logistic regression, snacks and fried food patterns had higher risk of sleep disorders. The whole-grain pattern was a protective factor for sleep disorders. Nine associated factors including age, susceptibility to anxiety, snacking parterns, feelings of depression, chronic pain, physical activity, educational level, gender, and weight, and 9 groups at high risk for sleep disorders were identified by classification tree model.@*CONCLUSIONS@#Sleep disorders are prevalent in the health screening population of Changsha. There is a close association between snacks dietary patterns and sleep disorders. It is necessary to promote healthy and reasonable diet, and keep good lifestyle for the prevention and control of sleep disorders. Health management after physical examination should take different health interventions for high-risk groups with different characteristics of sleep disorders.
الموضوعات
Adolescent , Adult , Aged , Humans , Middle Aged , Young Adult , Cross-Sectional Studies , Diet , Feeding Behavior , Health , Mass Screening , Quality of Life , Sleep Wake Disorders/epidemiologyالملخص
The incidence of cervical cancer remains high globally, especially in developing countries, which poses a serious threat to women's life and health. How to reduce the risk of cervical cancer has become the focus of the efforts of researchers in this field. Dietary patterns are analyzed based on the overall dietary status, and at the same time the interaction between nutrients and food is taken into consideration. Accumulating evidence suggests that dietary patterns play an important role in the prevention of cervical cancer. This review summarizes the relationship between different dietary patterns and the incidence of cervical cancer, and aims to provide a basis for more in-depth research in the future.
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Background: Recently, new studies have shown that the prevalence of osteoporosis and related fractures has been increased among young females. This study aimed at finding out the association between dietary intake and bone mineral density (BMD) among university Saudi female students at Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University.Methods: A cross sectional study was carried out on 104 females’ students aged 18-24 years taken randomly from Rakkah campus. Dual X-ray absorptiometry was used to evaluate BMD and body composition. A complete and valid questionnaire was used to collect the required information about socio-economic status, lifestyle, body measurements, health history data, and food habits as well as food frequency questionnaire was also used. The results were statically analyzed (SPSS, 2015 V, 23) and descriptive statistics Chi-square test and independent samples t- test were used for the statistical analysis.Results: The results demonstrated that the majority (65%) of students have normal body mass index (18.5-24.9 kg/m2), 58% normal BMD (>-1.0 SD) and 42% have low BMD. Among the low BMD students, 4% having osteoporosis (<-2.5 SD). In the present study, 36.5%, 30.8%, 37.5% and 36.5 % of student with high BMD consumed full fat dairy products, milk, yogurt, laben, cheese, respectively, compared with 21.2%, 19.2%, 245, 29.8% of students with low BMD.Conclusions: Higher intakes in dairy products were associated with students’ bone health. Therefore, students should be more aware of their bone health and increase their knowledge regarding protective dietary foods for bone development.