Mecánica y energética durante la marcha en cinta caminadora en adultos uruguayos saludables: efecto del IMC y la edad / Mechanics and energy during treadmill walking in healthy uruguayan adults: effect of BMI and age / Mecânica e energia durante a caminhada em esteira em adultos uruguaios saudáveis: efeito do IMC e Idade

La evaluación de la marcha en cinta caminadora puede resultar relevante para la toma de decisiones clínicas. No obstante, factores demográficos como la edad y el IMC pueden alterar la interpretación de los resultados. Nuestro objetivo fue obtener variables espacio- temporales, energéticas y costo de transporte durante la velocidad autoseleccionada en cinta caminadora para una muestra representativa de adultos uruguayos (n=28) y evaluar si diferentes rangos de edades e IMC pueden ser factores a tener en cuenta en pruebas clínicas donde se consideren dichas variables. Participaron 17 hombres y 11 mujeres (39,3 ± 14,8 años, 75,9 ± 12,5 kg, 1,74 ± 0,09 m, IMC 25,2 ± 4,06). Se realizó una reconstrucción 3D del movimiento en forma sincronizada con el consumo energético. Se obtuvieron valores de referencia y luego de agrupar los participantes según su IMC y rango de edad se compararon los datos mediante test de t (p≤0.05). Los resultados revelaron discrepancias significativas en las medidas espacio-temporales y energéticas de los adultos uruguayos al caminar en cinta con respecto a la literatura. La marcha difiere entre adultos jóvenes y de mediana edad en su velocidad autoseleccionada (p=0,03), longitud de zancada (p=0,01), trabajo mecánico externo (<0,001) y recuperación de energía mecánica (0,009), destacando la importancia de considerar la edad en evaluaciones clínicas. El IMC no influyó significativamente en estas variables. Estos hallazgos subrayan la necesidad de ajustar las interpretaciones de las pruebas clínicas de la marcha sobre cinta caminadora en adultos uruguayos de mediana edad (45 a 65 años).

Treadmill gait assessment can be relevant for clinical decision-making. However, demographic factors such as age and BMI may alter result interpretation. Our aim was to obtain spatiotemporal, energetic, and cost of transport variables during self-selected treadmill walking speed for a representative sample of Uruguayan adults (n=28) and to assess if different age ranges and BMI could be factors to consider in clinical tests involving these variables. Seventeen men and eleven women participated (39.3 ± 14.8 years, 75.9 ± 12.5 kg, 1.74 ± 0.09 m, BMI 25.2 ± 4.06). A synchronized 3D motion reconstruction was performed with energy consumption. Reference values were obtained and data were compared using t-tests (p≤0.05), after grouping participants by BMI and age range. Results revealed significant discrepancies in spatiotemporal and energetic measures of Uruguayan adults walking on the treadmill, compared to the literature. Gait differed between young and middle-aged adults in their self-selected speed (p=0.03), stride length (p=0.01), external mechanical work (p<0.001), and mechanical energy recovery (0.009), emphasizing the importance of considering age in clinical evaluations. BMI did not significantly influence these variables. These findings underscore the need to adjust interpretations of treadmill gait clinical tests in middle-aged Uruguayan adults (45 to 65 years).

A avaliação da marcha na esteira pode ser relevante para a tomada de decisões clínicas. No entanto, fatores demográficos como idade e IMC podem alterar a interpretação dos resultados. Nosso objetivo foi obter variáveis espaço-temporais, energéticas e custo de transporte durante a velocidade de caminhada autoselecionada na esteira para uma amostra representativa de adultos uruguaios (n = 28) e avaliar se diferentes faixas etárias e IMC podem ser fatores a serem considerados em testes clínicos que envolvam essas variáveis. Dezessete homens e onze mulheres participaram (39,3 ± 14,8 anos, 75,9 ± 12,5 kg, 1,74 ± 0,09 m, IMC 25,2 ± 4,06). Foi realizada uma reconstrução tridimensional do movimento sincronizada com o consumo de energia. Foram obtidos valores de referência e os dados foram comparados usando testes t (p≤0,05), após agrupar os participantes por IMC e faixa etária. Os resultados revelaram discrepâncias significativas nas medidas espaço-temporais e energéticas dos adultos uruguaios ao caminhar na esteira, em comparação com a literatura. A marcha diferiu entre adultos jovens e de meia-idade em sua velocidade autoselecionada (p=0,03), comprimento da passada (p=0,01), trabalho mecânico externo (<0,001) e recuperação de energia mecânica (0,009), destacando a importância de considerar a idade em avaliações clínicas. O IMC não influenciou significativamente essas variáveis. Esses achados destacam a necessidade de ajustar as interpretações dos testes clínicos de marcha na esteira em adultos uruguaios de meia- idade (45 a 65 anos).

Curso de Especialização em Direito Sanitário: uma formação necessária / Specialization Course in Health Law: a necessary education / Curso de Especialización en Derecho Sanitario: una formación necesaria

A resenha apresenta a obra 'Curso de especialização em direito sanitário ­ EAD: uma jornada virtual de reflexões e conhecimentos', fruto de importante ação pedagógica desenvolvida na área de Direito Sanitário e que disponibilizou ao público em geral, o resultado desse trabalho. O livro, disponível de forma eletrônica e gratuita, estimula o pensamento crítico e contribui para a consolidação de conhecimentos de questões sanitárias relevantes.

The review presents the work 'Specialization Course in Health Law ­ EAD: A Virtual Journey of Reflections and Knowledge,' the result of an important pedagogical initiative developed in the field of Health Law, which made the outcome of this work available to the general public. The book, available electronically and free of charge, stimulates critical thinking and contributes to the consolidation of knowledge on relevant health issues.

La reseña presenta la obra 'Curso de especialización en derecho sanitario ­ EAD: un viaje virtual de reflexiones y conocimientos', resultado de una importante acción pedagógica desarrollada en el área de Derecho Sanitario, que puso a disposición del público en general el resultado de este trabajo. El libro, disponible en formato electrónico y de forma gratuita, estimula el pensamiento crítico y contribuye a la consolidación de conocimientos sobre temas sanitarios relevantes.

Processo de ensino e aprendizagem no período de suspensão das aulas presenciais em virtude da pandemia de COVID-19: estudo com professores / Teaching and learning process in the suspension period of classes in virtue of the COVID-19 pandemy: study with teachers / Proceso de enseñanza y aprendizaje durante el período de suspensión de clases presencial por la pandemia del COVID-19: estudio con docentes

Introdução: Sabe-se que durante o período da pandemia do COVID-19, escolas e professores precisaram adaptar-se com alternativas para dar continuidade às aulas. Objetivo: Investigar estratégias e recursos pedagógicos de aprendizagem adotados por professores da rede pública e/ou privada de ensino, do interior de um estado brasileiro, durante o período de suspensão das aulas presenciais, em virtude da Pandemia de Covid-19 e seus efeitos para estudantes com e sem dificuldades de aprendizagem. Método: Aplicação de questionário on-line utilizando a ferramenta Google Forms para 37 professores atuantes do 1° ao 5° ano da rede pública e/ou privada no interior do estado, que tenham trabalhado remotamente durante a Pandemia no período de suspensão das aulas presenciais. Esse material continha questões de múltipla escolha e dissertativas e averiguava a forma de trabalho durante este período, as estratégias e os recursos adotados. Resultados: Os resultados mostraram que as estratégias mais utilizadas pelos professores foram uso de materiais impressos. Os professores relataram as dificuldades e os desafios em adotar o ensino remoto, referentes à desigualdade social dos alunos, a dificuldade de adaptação dos professores a esta forma de ensino e ao empenho restrito das famílias no processo de aprendizagem. Conclusão: foi possível verificar como ocorreu o processo de adaptação ao ensino remoto pelos professores. Verifica-se a necessidade de explorar o trabalho conjunto com a Fonoaudiologia, visando minimizar as dificuldades apresentadas pelos estudantes, o que auxiliaria no processo de ensino e aprendizagem dos alunos que, posteriormente, poderiam vir a ser futuros pacientes do setor de Fonoaudiologia. (AU)

Introduction: it is known that during the period of the COVID-19 pandemic, schools and teachers needed to adapt with alternatives to continue classes. Purpose: Investigate pedagogical learning strategies and resources adopted by teachers from public and/or private schools in the interior of a Brazilian state during the period of suspension of face-to-face classes, due to the Covid-19 Pandemic and its effects on students with and without learning difficulties. Method: This research included the application of an online questionnaire through Google Forms to 37 active teachers from the 1st to the 5th year of the public and/or private network at Brasilian state who have worked remotely during the Pandemic during the suspension period of in-person classes. This material contained multiple choice questions and essays, referring to the way of working during this period, strategies and resources adopted. Results: The results showed that the most used strategies by teachers were the use of printed materials. Teachers reported the difficulties and challenges in adopting remote teaching, referring to the social inequality of students, the limited commitment of families in the learning process and the difficulty of teachers to adapt to this form of teaching. Conclusion: Among 37 teachers who joined the study, it was possible to verify how the process of adaptation to remote teaching took place. There is a need to explore the joint work with Speech Therapy, aiming to minimize the difficulties presented by students. Such clarifications would help in the teaching and learning process of students who could later become future patients in the Speech Therapy sector. (AU)

Introducción: se sabe que durante el período de la pandemia del COVID-19, las escuelas y los docentes requirieron adaptarse con alternativas para continuar las clases. Objetivos: Investigar estrategias y recursos pedagógicos de aprendizaje adoptados por profesores de escuelas públicas y/o privadas del interior de un estado brasileño durante el período de suspensión de clases presenciales, debido a la Pandemia Covid-19 y sus efectos en estudiantes con y sin dificultades de aprendizaje. Método: Esta investigación implicó la aplicación de un cuestionario en línea a través de Formularios de Google a 37 docentes que laboran del 1° al 5° año de la red pública y/o privada del interior del estado, que habían trabajado de manera remota durante la Pandemia en el período de suspensión de clases presenciales. Este material contenía preguntas de selección múltiple y desarrollo, referentes a la forma de trabajar durante este período, las estrategias y los recursos adoptados. Resultados: Los resultados mostraron que las estrategias más utilizadas por los docentes fue el uso de materiales impresos. Los docentes relataron las dificultades y desafíos en la adopción de la enseñanza a distancia, refiriéndose a la desigualdad social de los estudiantes, el compromiso restringido de las familias en el proceso de aprendizaje y la dificultad de adaptación de los docentes a esta forma de enseñanza. Conclusión: Entre 37 docentes que se sumaron al estudio, fue posible verificar cómo ocurrió el proceso de adaptación a la enseñanza a distancia. Existe la necesidad de explorar el trabajo conjunto con la Logopedia, con el objetivo de minimizar las dificultades presentadas por los estudiantes. Tales aclaraciones ayudarían en el proceso de enseñanza y aprendizaje de los estudiantes que luego podrían convertirse en futuros pacientes del sector de Logopedia. (AU)

Ensino remoto emergencial no cotidiano de pós-graduandos em enfermagem à luz de Michel Maffesoli / Emergency remote teaching in the daily life of nursing graduates under the light of Michel Maffesoli / La enseñanza a distancia de emergencia en el cotidiano de los graduados de enfermería bajo la luz de Michel Maffesoli

Objetivo: descrever a experiência vivida por estudantes de um Programa de Pós-Graduação em Enfermagem acerca da formação na modalidade de Ensino Remoto Emergencial, adotado durante a pandemia da Covid-19. Métodos: relato de experiência fundamentado no referencial teórico da Sociologia Compreensiva e do Cotidiano, com enfoque na razão sensível de Michel Maffesoli e construído a partir do referencial metodológico do modelo da Aprendizagem Experiencial de Kolb. Resultados: o uso de tecnologias para comunicação tornou-se comum e acentuado durante o ensino remoto, sendo necessário adequar-se às novas propostas de ensino-aprendizagem e construir um novo modo de ser/fazer no cotidiano dos professores e dos estudantes. Conclusão: a experiência relatada mostra que o Ensino Remoto Emergencial foi essencial no cotidiano dos estudantes para o seguimento do aprendizado e manutenção dos vínculos educacionais, utilizando-o como complemento no (des) envolvimento de competências para a formação acadêmica. (AU)

Objective: to describe the experience lived by students of a Graduate Program in Nursing about training in the Emergency Remote Teaching modality, adopted during the Covid-19 pandemic. Methods: experience report based on the theoretical framework of Comprehensive Sociology and Daily Life, focusing on Michel Maffesoli's sensitive reason and built from the methodological framework of Kolb's Experiential Learning model. Results: the use of technologies for communication has become common and accentuated during remote teaching, making it necessary to adapt to the new teaching-learning proposals and to build a new way of being/doing in the daily lives of teachers and students. Conclusion: the reported experience shows that Emergency Remote Teaching was essential in the daily life of students to follow up on learning and maintain educational bonds, using it as a complement in the development of skills for academic training. (AU)

Objetivo: describir la experiencia vivida por estudiantes de un Programa de Posgrado en Enfermería sobre la formación en la modalidad de Enseñanza a Distancia de Emergencia, adoptada durante la pandemia de Covid-19. Métodos: relato de experiencia basado en el referencial teórico de la Sociología Integral y de la Vida Cotidiana, con foco en la razón sensible de Michel Maffesoli y construido a partir del referencial metodológico del modelo de Aprendizaje Experiencial de Kolb. Resultados: el uso de las tecnologías para la comunicación se ha vuelto común y acentuado durante la enseñanza a distancia, siendo necesario adaptarse a las nuevas propuestas de enseñanza-aprendizaje y construir una nueva forma de ser/hacer en la vida cotidiana de docentes y estudiantes. Conclusión: la experiencia relatada demuestra que la Enseñanza a Distancia de Emergencia fue fundamental en el cotidiano de los estudiantes para acompañar los aprendizajes y mantener los vínculos educativos, utilizándola como complemento en el desarrollo de competencias para la formación académica. (AU)

LET US Play: produção e implementação de um MOOC sobre atividade física e saúde / LET US Play: production and implementation of a MOOC on physical activity and health

Com intuito de apresentar uma ferramenta para identificação e modificação de jogos e brincadeiras tradicionais nas aulas de educação física (EF), para maximização da atividade física dos estudantes, foi proposta a produção e implementação de um curso on-line, aberto e massivo (MOOC) para docentes de EF, baseado na estratégia LET US Play (LUP). O curso foi disponibilizado em ambiente virtual e testado por professores de EF do Instituto Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul (IFMS). Os participantes responderam um questionário para avaliação da organização, do conteúdo e da relevância do curso, cuja análise foi realizada pelo índice de validação de conteúdo (IVC), com IVC de 0,94 para a organização, 0,90 para o conteúdo e 0,83 para a relevância. Concluiu-se que o MOOC pode ser uma alternativa para promover ações de formação continuada para docentes de EF, uma vez que os participantes demonstraram habilidade para aplicar os princípios LUP em suas aulas. O curso está depositado no portal de cursos livres do IFMS.

With the aim of presenting a tool for identifying and modifying traditional games and activities in Physical Education (PE) classes to maximize students' physical activity, a massive open online course (MOOC) for PE teachers, based on the LET US Play (LUP) strategy, was proposed. The course was made available in a virtual environment and tested by PE teachers from the Federal Institute of Mato Grosso do Sul (IFMS). Participants completed a questionnaire to evaluate the course's organization, content, and relevance, which was analyzed using the Content Validation Index (CVI), yielding a CVI of 0.94 for organization, 0.90 for content, and 0.83 for relevance. It was concluded that the MOOC can serve as an effective alternative for promoting continuing education for PE teachers, as participants demonstrated the ability to apply LUP principles in their classes. The course is available on the IFMS free courses portal.

Association of pulmonary function with functional capacity among middle-aged women / Associação da função pulmonar com capacidade funcional em mulheres de meia idade

INTRODUCTION: Age-related decline in pulmonary function and functional capacity is seen in adults. The menopausal process leads to a decline in pulmonary function and functional capacity which is essential in maintaining independence in daily life. OBJECTIVE: The present study aimed to explore the association of pulmonary function with functional capacity among middle-aged women. METHODS: One hundred and eight female participants aged 40­55 years were included in this cross-sectional study; depending on their menstrual history participants were classified as premenopausal and postmenopausal. After initial screening and assessment, six-minute walk test (6MWT) and pulmonary function (FEV1, FVC, FEV1/FVC) were recorded as per standardised guidelines. The mean and standard deviation for all continuous variables were calculated. Correlations were estimated using Pearson's coefficient of correlation. A comparison of premenopausal and postmenopausal groups was done by independent t-test. A two-tailed p-value < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. RESULTS: There were significant differences in values of six-minute walk distance (6MWD) and pulmonary function values of pre and postmenopausal women (p < 0.05). The Pearson coefficient of correlation showed significant association of FEV1, FVC and FEV1/FVC with 6MWD among middle-aged women. There was fair positive correlation of FEV1 (r = 0.391, p = 0.002) and FEV1/ FVC (r = 0.395, p = 0.002) with 6MWD among postmenopausal women. CONCLUSION: There exists a fair positive correlation of pulmonary function with 6MWD among middle-aged women particularly postmenopausal women. Early screening of respiratory health and functional capacity should be initiated for middle-aged women as a preventive strategy.

INTRODUÇÃO: O declínio da função pulmonar e da capacidade funcional relacionado à idade é observado em adultos. O processo menopausal leva ao declínio da capacidade pulmonar e funcional, essencial para a manutenção da independência na vida diária. OBJETIVO: O presente estudo teve como objetivo explorar a associação da função pulmonar com a capacidade funcional em mulheres de meia idade. MÉTODOS: Cento e oito participantes do sexo feminino com idade entre 40 e 55 anos foram incluídas neste estudo transversal; dependendo da história menstrual, as participantes foram classificadas como pré-menopausa e pós-menopausa. Após triagem e avaliação inicial, teste de caminhada de seis minutos (TC6M) e função pulmonar (VEF1, CVF, VEF1/CVF) foram registrados de acordo com diretrizes padronizadas. Foram calculados média e desvio padrão para todas as variáveis contínuas. As correlações foram estimadas pelo coeficiente de correlação de Pearson. A comparação do grupo pré-menopausa e pós-menopausa foi feita por teste t independente. Um valor de p bicaudal < 0,05 foi considerado estatisticamente significativo. RESULTADOS: Houve diferenças significativas nos valores da distância caminhada de seis minutos (DC6M) e nos valores da função pulmonar de mulheres pré e pós-menopausa (p < 0,05). O coeficiente de correlação de Pearson mostrou associação significativa de VEF1, CVF e VEF1/CVF com a DC6M entre mulheres de meia idade. Houve correlação positive moderada do VEF1 (r = 0,391, p = 0,002) e VEF1/CVF (r = 0,395, p = 0,002) com a DC6M entre mulheres na pós-menopausa. CONCLUSÃO: Existe correlação positiva moderada da função pulmonar com a DC6M entre mulheres de meia idade, particularmente mulheres na pós-menopausa. O rastreio precoce da saúde respiratória e da capacidade funcional deve ser iniciado nas mulheres de meia idade como estratégia preventiva.

Hand Anthropometry of Italian Elite Male Swimmers / Antropometría de la Mano en Nadadores Italianos Masculinos de Élite

SUMMARY: Hand size is part of the anthropometric parameters that are assessed in swimmers to select elite athletes, as certain anthropometric relationships involving hand measurements are significantly correlated with sports performance in various swimming disciplines. The authors present the results of the anthropometric study carried out on the hands of 15 elite male Italian swimmers from to the Italian national open water swimming team. All swimmers participated at least once in World Cup and Absolute Italian Championships, winning at least one medal in their sporting career. In particular, the sample includes a medallist at the World Championships, a winner of the World Cup ultra swim marathon circuit and medallists at the European Championships. The sample consisted of 15 elite male swimmers with a mean age of 28.93 years. The following anthropometric measurements were taken on each athlete: Stature; weight; seven dimensions on each hand: hand length; hand breadth metacarpal; palm length; middle finger length; index finger length; thumb distance; and the distance from the thumb root to first flexure line of the index finger - trigger length. The size of the hands is an important factor in the swimmer's propulsion and push as a larger hand allows for greater support in the water and consequently generates more resistance. The anthropometric characteristics of the hands of Italian swimmers are missing from the anthropometric data already reported in the literature and can be used to make comparisons with elite athletes from other nations. Furthermore, anthropometric measurements could be used as predictors to estimate the swimmers' chance of success.

El tamaño de la mano es uno de los parámetros antropométricos que se evalúan en los nadadores para seleccionar a los deportistas de élite. Los autores presentan los resultados de un estudio antropométrico realizado en las manos de 15 nadadores italianos masculinos de élite pertenecientes al equipo nacional de natación en aguas abiertas. Todos los nadadores participaron al menos una vez en Copas del Mundo y Campeonatos de Italia, ganando al menos una medalla en su carrera deportiva. En concreto, la muestra incluye un medallista en los Campeonatos del Mundo, un ganador de la Copa del Mundo del circuito de ultra maratón de natación y medallistas en los Campeonatos de Europa. La muestra consta de 15 nadadores masculinos de élite con una edad media de 28,93 años. Se tomaron las siguientes medidas antropométricas a cada atleta: estatura; peso; siete dimensiones en cada mano: longitud de la mano, anchura de la mano en el metacarpiano, longitud de la palma, longitud del primer, segundo y tercer dedo, distancia entre la raíz del primer dedo y la primera línea de flexión del segundo dedo. El tamaño de las manos es un factor importante para la propulsión y el empuje del nadador, ya que una mano más grande permite un mayor apoyo en el agua y, en consecuencia, genera más resistencia. Las características antropométricas de las manos de los nadadores italianos faltan en los datos antropométricos recolectados en la literatura y pueden utilizarse para hacer comparaciones con los atletas de élite de otras naciones. Además, las medidas antropométricas podrían utilizarse como predictores para estimar las posibilidades de éxito de los nadadores.

Impactos da COVID-19 aos acadêmicos de Odontologia no Brasil / Impactos del COVID-19 en estudiantes de Odontología en Brasil / Impact of COVID-19 on dental students in Brazil

O presente estudo teve por objetivo analisar os efeitos da pandemia da COVID-19 sobre o rendimento e aproveitamento acadêmico dos estudantes de Odontologia no Brasil. O estudo transversal descritivo foi realizado por meio da aplicação de questionário usando o aplicativo Google Forms, compartilhado via redes sociais como WhatsApp, Instagram, Facebook e endereços eletrônicos (e-mails) para 383 estudantes, número definido por cálculo amostral. Após a realização de estudo piloto, utilizou-se a técnica da "bola de neve virtual" para a coleta das respostas. Realizou-se análise descritiva e inferencial dos dados por meio de frequências e regressões logísticas multinominais com nível de significância de 5%. A maioria dos estudantes (72%) eram do sexo feminino, 81,5%oriundos de instituições privadas. Houve insatisfação tanto para com as aulas remotas (42,1% totalmente e 25,4% parcialmente) quanto para a formação acadêmica (44,1% totalmente e 25,6% parcialmente), relatou-se queda de rendimento em 70,7% dos estudantes e pensamento em abandonar os estudos (40,5% afirmam que sim e 10,2% relatam "talvez"). Região de residência e dispositivo utilizado para acompanhar as aulas influenciaram no pensamento em desistir dos estudos (p<0,05 e p=0,031 respectivamente), assim como o nível de conhecimento em informática influenciou no rendimento acadêmico durante a pandemia (p=0,009). Conclui-se que houve queda no rendimento acadêmico dos alunos durante a pandemia. O despreparo dos estudantes frente ao modelo remoto e as dificuldadesrelacionadas à aprendizagem demonstram que o Ensino Remoto Emergencial não foi suficiente para contemplar a gama de habilidades a serem desenvolvidas durante a formação (AU).

El presente estudio tuvo como objetivo analizar los efectos de la pandemia COVID-19 en el rendimiento y logro académico de los estudiantes de odontología en Brasil. El estudio descriptivo transversal se realizó mediante la aplicación de un cuestionario utilizando la aplicación Google Forms, compartido a través de redes sociales. redes como WhatsApp, Instagram, Facebook y direcciones electrónicas (e-mails) de 383 estudiantes, número definido mediante cálculo muestral. Tras realizar un estudio piloto,se utilizó la técnica de la "bola de nieve virtual" para recoger respuestas. Se realizó análisis descriptivo e inferencial de los datos mediante frecuencias y regresiones logísticas multinomiales con un nivel de significancia del 5%. La mayoría de los estudiantes (72%) eran mujeres, el 81,5% de instituciones privadas. Hubo insatisfacción tanto con las clases remotas (42,1% total y 25,4% parcialmente) como con la formación académica (44,1% total y 25,6% parcial), reportándose una caída en el rendimiento del70,7% de los estudiantes que pensaron en abandonar sus estudios (40,5% dijo sí y el 10,2% dijo "tal vez"). La región de residencia y el dispositivo utilizado para seguir clases influyeron en el pensamiento de abandonar los estudios (p<0,05 y p=0,031 respectivamente), así como el nivel de conocimientos de informática influyó en el rendimiento académico durante la pandemia (p=0,009). Se concluye que hubo una caída en el rendimiento académico de los estudiantes durante la pandemia. La falta de preparación de los estudiantes para el modelo remoto y las dificultades relacionadas con el aprendizaje demuestran que la Educación Remota de Emergencia no fue suficiente para cubrir el conjunto de habilidades a desarrollar durante la formación (AU).

The aim of the present study was to analyze the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on the academic performance of dental students in Brazil. A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted using a questionnaire available on the Google Forms application andshared via social networks, such as WhatsApp, Instagram and Facebook, as well as electronic addresses (e-mails) to 383 students. This number was defined by the sample size calculation. After conducting a pilot study, the "virtual snowball" technique was used to collect responses. Descriptive and inferential analyses of the data were performed using frequencies and multinomial logistic regression, with a 5% significance level. Most students (72%) were female and studied at private dental schools (81.5%). Dissatisfaction was found for both remote classes (42.1% completely and 25.4% partially) and academic training (44.1% completely and 25.6% partially), with a reported drop in performance among 70.7% of the students and thoughts of abandoning their studies (40.5% answered "yes" and 10.2% answered "maybe"). Region of residence and device used to follow classes exerted an influence on thoughts of abandoning studies (p <0.05 and p = 0.031, respectively). Moreover, the level of computer knowledge exerted an influence on academic performance during the pandemic (p = 0.009). In conclusion, a drop in academic performance occurred among dental students during the pandemic. The lack of preparedness for the remote model and difficulties related to learning demonstrate that "Emergency Remote Education" was insufficient to cover the range of skills to be developed during training (AU).

Pluralidades no ensino odontológico: relatos da utilização de recursos digitais para abordagens educacionais do racismo e da diversidade / Pluralidades en la enseñanza odontológica: informes sobre el uso de los recursos digitales para los abordajes educativos del racismo y la diversidad / Pluralities in dental education: narratives of utilizing digital resources for educational approaches on racism and diversity

Este artigo objetivou relatar a experiência da utilização das mídias sociais como espaços de construção de conhecimentos acerca das temáticas de racismo estrutural e saúde da população LGBT por meio de eventos promovidos por alunos bolsistas do Programa de Educação Tutorial (PET) Odontologia da Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul. Ao considerar o cenário de ensino em Odontologia, além dos conhecimentos técnicos e científicos necessários aos cirurgiões-dentistas, é de extrema relevância a abordagem de assuntos que ultrapassam essas barreiras para a formação de profissionais que sejam capazes de exercer a profissão de forma articulada ao contexto social. Tendo em vista a pandemia gerada pelo novo coronavírus (COVID-19) e a necessidade de ajustar as ferramentas de ensino às demandas de isolamento e distanciamento social, observou-se o importante espaço que as mídias sociais conquistaram como meio de construção de conhecimentos dos mais diversos temas e com a vantagem de dispensar deslocamento, diferente dos ambientes tradicionais de ensino. A metodologia utilizada mostrou-se vantajosa, uma vez que possibilitou o encontro de docentes, discentes e público em geral de diferentes regiões do Brasil, garantindo ampla discussão das temáticas que apresentam grande impacto social. Ainda assim, destaca-se que a desigualdade social gera diferentes possibilidades de acesso aos ambientes virtuais, sendo uma barreira à informação para populações mais vulnerabilizadas. A escolha das temáticas foi ao encontro das propostas dos Grupos PET, uma vez que contribuem positivamente na formação dos estudantes universitários (AU).

Este artículo tuvo como objetivo relatar la experiencia de utilizar las redes sociales como espacios de construcción de conocimiento sobre los temas del racismo estructural y la salud de la población LGBT a través de eventos promovidos por becarios del Programa de Educación Tutorial (PET) Odontología de la Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul. Al considerar el escenario de la enseñanza en Odontología, además de los conocimientos técnicos y científicos necesarios para los odontólogos, es de suma importancia abordar temas que superen estas barreras para la formación de profesionales capaces de ejercer la profesión de forma articulada al contexto Social. Ante la pandemia generada por el nuevo coronavirus (COVID-19) y la necesidad de adecuar las herramientas didácticas a las exigencias del aislamiento y distanciamiento social, se observó el importante espacio que conquistaron las redes sociales como medio de construcción de conocimiento de los más varias temáticas y con la ventaja de prescindir de desplazamientos, a diferencia de los entornos de enseñanza tradicionales. La metodología utilizada demostró ser ventajosa, ya que posibilitó el encuentro de profesores, estudiantes y público en general de diferentes regiones de Brasil,asegurando una amplia discusión de temas de gran impacto social. Aun así, se destaca que la desigualdad social genera diferentes posibilidades de acceso a los entornos virtuales, siendo una barrera de información para las poblaciones más vulnerables. La elección de los temas estuvo en línea con las propuestas de los Grupos PET, ya que contribuyen positivamente a la formación de los universitarios (AU).

This article aimed to report the experience of using social media as spaces for building knowledge about the themes of structural racism and the health of the LGBT population through events promoted by scholarship students from the Tutorial Education Program (TEP) Dentistry at the Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul. Considering the scenario of dental education, beyond the technical and scientific knowledge required for dentists, it is of utmost relevance to address issues that go beyond these boundaries for the training of professionals capable of practicing dentistry in an integrated manner with the social context. Given the pandemic caused by the novel coronavirus (COVID-19) and the need to adapt teaching tools to the demands of isolation and social distancing, the significant space that social media has gained as a means of knowledge construction on various topics was observed, with the advantage of dispensing with travel, unlike traditional teaching environments. The methodology used proved advantageous, as it allowed teachers, students, and the general public from different regions of Brazil to come together, ensuring broad discussion of topics that have a significant social impact. Nevertheless, it is emphasized that social inequality generates different possibilities of access to virtual environments, being a barrier to information for more vulnerable populations. The choice of themes aligned with the proposals of the TEP Groups, as they positively contribute to the formation of university students (AU).

Ventajas y desventajas de la modalidad virtual de enseñanza-aprendizaje percibidas en un curso de semiología en una facultad de medicina de Lima, Perú / Advantages and disadvantages of the virtual teaching modality perceived by the students in an introduction to clinical medicine course of a school of medicine in Lima, Peru

RESUMEN La pandemia de la Covid 19 forzó a las facultades de medicina a optar por una metodología virtual de enseñanza por la suspensión de las prácticas presenciales con pacientes reales en los establecimientos de salud, debido al confinamiento social y riesgo de contagio. Objetivo Determinar las ventajas y desventajas percibidas por los estudiantes de medicina en relación con la transición de las prácticas presenciales en hospitales a las sesiones virtuales de aprendizaje en un curso de semiología en una facultad de medicina de Lima, Perú. Material y métodos Estudio descriptivo de corte transversal realizado en estudiantes del 4to año de la carrera de Medicina. Los datos se recolectaron mediante una encuesta virtual no validada. Resultados 94 estudiantes respondieron la encuesta (tasa de respuesta: 51,1%). Las ventajas percibidas fueron: 57,4% tener mayor tiempo para estudio teórico y 38,3% en ahorro de tiempo en transporte y movilidad. Las desventajas fueron: 42,6% falta de contacto con pacientes reales y 39,4% no poder realizar una historia clínica adecuada. En cuanto al logro de objetivos de aprendizaje, el 72,3% consideró que logró identificar los problemas de salud del paciente, mientras que el 24,4% afirmó que logró realizar una adecuada historia clínica, y sólo el 9,6% que logró realizar un examen físico completo en pacientes. Conclusión La modalidad virtual de enseñanza permitió a los estudiantes tener más tiempo para revisar aspectos teóricos del curso, pero limitó la adquisición de habilidades prácticas, como realizar una anamnesis adecuada, presentar historias clínicas y examinar pacientes.

SUMMARY The COVID-19 pandemic forced the school of medicines to opt for a virtual teaching modality due to the suspension of face-to-face activities imposed by the lockdown. Objective To determine the advantages and disadvantages of the virtual teaching modality perceived by the students in an introduction to clinical medicine course of a school of medicine in Lima, Peru. Methods A virtual non-validated survey was circulated among fourth year medical students. Results 94 studentes answered the survey (51%). Perceived advantages were to have more time to study (57.4%) and saving time in transportation (39.4%). The disadvantages were lack of contact with real patients (42.6%) and not to be able to obtain a clinical history from patients (39.4%). The 72.3% of students were able to identify the medical problems of patients, but only 24.4% were able to obtain an adequate clinical history and just 9.6% performed an adequate physical examination. Conclusion The virtual teaching modality allowed the student to have more time for self-study but limited their abilities to obtain a clinical history and to perform a physical examination.

Visualization of the biomechanical characteristics of long-distance running landing patterns / 中国组织工程研究

BACKGROUND:In recent years,as the popularity of long-distance fitness running continues to rise,more research progress has been made on related scientific issues.Among them,the landing pattern of long-distance running is an important biomechanical research hotspot at the level of running technique. OBJECTIVE:Using CiteSpace to visualize and analyze the relevant literature,the article sorts through the last decade's literature on the subject to identify the current state,hot spots,and trends in the footprint as well as to further discuss the main research hotspots of the foot strike pattern from a biomechanical perspective. METHODS:"Foot strike pattern,""Rearfoot strike,""non-Rearfoot strike,""Forefoot strike"and"Midfoot strike"were used as keywords to search the Web of Science Core Collection database. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:A total of 896 relevant papers were finally included.The number of articles published in a year showed an overall upward trend.The top three countries in terms of the number of publications were the United States,China and the United Kingdom;the top three institutions were Harvard University,Shanghai University of Sports and the University of Massachusetts;and the top three authors were Davis Irene S,Hamill Joseph and Fu Weijie.The keywords"barefoot running,runner,injury,footing pattern,kinesiology"appear more frequently,and the keyword clusters include"energy cost,loading rate,footing pattern,risk factors,gait analysis",and the relevant research still continues to be hot to this day.After analyzing the above data in detail,we found that the overall research intensity of foot strike pattern has remained stable in recent years,and the hotspot mainly focuses on the biomechanical research of foot strike pattern;the trend of this kind of research focuses on the influence and adaptability of different strike patterns(forefoot strike and rearfoot strike)on long-distance runners(barefoot,shoes,distance,speed,injury risk,running economy and energy consumption,etc.).Therefore,there is no"standardized optimal landing,"but there may be"individualized optimal landings."It is suggested that researchers should select the optimal landing pattern and running technique strategy according to their own habitual way,movement pattern characteristics,exercise level and task attributes.

Study on the population genetic structure and phylogenetic relationship of the Han population in Dalian / 中国法医学杂志

Objective To study the population genetic structure and phylogenetic relationships by combining Y-STR haplotype genetic information from the Han population in Dalian with 32 domestic and foreign groups.Methods Blood samples of 958 Han male volunteers from Dalian were collected.Genetic typing of 42 genetic loci was completed using Y-STR fluorescent reagent kits and capillary electrophoresis.Related forensic parameters were calculated.Nei's standard genetic distances among 33 populations based on 17 Y-STR loci were computed,in order to create a principal coordinate analysis as well as construct a phylogenetic tree.Results The analysis of genetic polymorphisms at 42 Y-STR loci revealed 30 unconventional alleles at 10 loci.Genetic analysis of the population based on 17 Y-STR loci confirmed that Dalian's Han population had the closest genetic distance to the Anshan's Han population,followed by populations from Henan,Heilongjiang,Jilin,Shandong,and Chongqing.Furthermore,the genetic distances between the Han population in Dalian and the Qiang population in Beichuan or the Miao population in Guizhou were relatively closer than that to the Manchu population living in Liaoning.Conclusion The genetic distance between the Han population in Dalian and other groups is not entirely proportional to ethnicities and geographical proximity.Both population migration and ethnic assimilation or isolation may have influence on it.

Establishment and validation of a predictive model for the efficacy of repeated extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy in patients with upper urinary calculi / 现代泌尿外科杂志

【Objective】 To analyze the independent influencing factors of repeated extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL) in the treatment of upper urinary calculi (UUC), based on which a nomogram model was established to predict the efficacy. 【Methods】 Clinical and imaging data of 203 patients receiving repeated ESWL during Jan.2020 and Dec.2022 were collected, including 117 cases in the successful group and 86 cases in the unsuccessful group.The patients’ age and sex, stone volume (SV), surface area (SA), skin-to-site distance (SSD), maximum CT value, mean stone density (MSD), and stone heterogeneity index (SHI) were compared between the two groups.The independent predictors were analyzed with logistic regression and the meaningful variables (P<0.05) were used to establish a nomogram.The efficacy of the model was evaluated using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve and decreasing curve analysis (DCA).Internal validation was also performed. 【Results】 Stepwise regression showed that SV, SSD, MSD and SHI were independent influencing factors (P<0.05).The area under the ROC curve (AUC), optimal threshold, sensitivity and specificity were 0.793 (95%CI: 0.674-0.911), 0.619, 77.1% and 74.0%, respectively.The DCA curve was above two extreme curves.Hosmer-Lemeshow test and calibration curve showed that the nomogram had a good fitting degree (χ2=5.526, P=0.489), and the correction C-index was 0.746. 【Conclusion】 SV, SSD, MSD and SHI are independent predictors of the efficacy of repeated ESWL in the treatment of UUC.The nomogram established based on the above indicators has good predictive efficiency and clinical applicability.

Measurement of the relationship between maxillary premolar roots and the maxillary sinus floor using cone beam CT and analysis of the impact on immediate implantation / 口腔疾病防治

Objective@#To analyze the spatial relationship between the roots of maxillary anterior premolars and the maxillary sinus, thus providing an anatomical basis for timing, planning, surgical approaches, and implant selection at this site.@*Methods@#Cone beam CT (CBCT) images were collected from 264 patients (aged 20-65 years) who visited the Ruihua Dental Clinic between January 2017 and March 2023. The minimum distance from the apex of the maxillary anterior premolar roots to the lower wall of the maxillary sinus was measured on the coronal plane. The classification of the vertical relationship between the tooth root and the lower wall of the maxillary sinus was performed, and comparisons were made bilaterally, between genders, and among different age groups.@*Results@#The minimum distance (Q50) from the apex of the first maxillary premolar root to the lower wall of the maxillary sinus was 7.34 mm for the single-root type, 7.80 mm for the buccal root of the double-root type, and 7.36 mm for the palatal root. For the second maxillary premolar, the median distance was 2.56 mm for the single root type, 1.73 mm for the buccal root type, and 1.23 mm for the palatal root type. There was a significant difference in the shortest distance from the apex of the right second maxillary premolar single root to the lower wall of the maxillary sinus among the different age groups (P<0.05), with the 20-29-year-old group having the smallest median distance (1.52 mm) and the ≥ 40-year-old group having the largest (4.44 mm). There was no significant difference in the effect of sex or laterality on distance (P>0.05). The most common vertical relationship between the apex of the maxillary anterior premolar roots and the lower wall of the maxillary sinus was noncontact. There was no significant difference in the vertical relationship classification between the single-root and double-root types (P>0.05).@*Conclusion@#Most maxillary first premolar roots can provide sufficient bone height, which makes it easy to achieve immediate implantation. The maxillary second premolar root frequently involves insufficient bone, which is necessary to make full use of the bone wall of the extraction socket or the sinus floor cortical bone to achieve initial stability. The vertical relationship between the premolar root and maxillary sinus was influenced by age and dental position. Younger age groups often exhibit inadequate bone height, and the indication for immediate implantation should be carefully considered. The number of roots does not significantly affect the relationship between the sinus and root; however, double-rooted premolars offer more support for immediate implantation and socket healing due to the small root diameter and bony separation between the roots.

Meta-analysis of the efficacy of invisible orthodontic appliances for maxillary molar distalization in adult patients / 口腔疾病防治

Objective@#To evaluate the clinical efficacy of invisible orthodontic appliances without brackets for the distal movement of maxillary molars to improve the ability of orthodontists to predict treatment outcomes.@*Methods@#Web of Science, Cochrane Library, Embase, PubMed, Wanfang Database, CNKI Database, and VIP Database were searched for studies investigating the efficacy of invisible orthodontic appliances for distal movement of maxillary molars in adult patients and published from database inception to August 1, 2023. A total of three researchers screened the studies and evaluated their quality and conducted a meta-analysis of those that met quality standards.@*Results@#This study included 13 pre- and postcontrol trials with a total sample size of 281 patients. The meta-analysis revealed no significant differences in the sagittal or vertical parameters of the jawbone after treatment when compared with those before treatment (P>0.05). The displacement of the first molar was MD=-2.34, 95% CI (-2.83, -1.85); the displacement was MD=-0.95, 95% CI (-1.34, -0.56); and the inclination was MD=-2.51, 95% CI (-3.56, -1.46). There was a statistically significant difference in the change in sagittal, vertical, and axial tilt of the first molar before and after treatment. After treatment, the average adduction distance of the incisors was MD=-0.82, 95% CI (-1.54, -0.09), and the decrease in lip inclination was MD=-1.61, 95% CI (-2.86, -0.36); these values were significantly different from those before treatment (P<0.05).@*Conclusion@#Invisible orthodontic appliances can effectively move the upper molars in a distal direction and control the vertical position of the molars. When the molars move further away, there is some degree of compression and distal tilt movement, which is beneficial for patients with high angles. The sagittal movement of incisors is beneficial for improving the patient's profile.

Use of surgical videos available on social media among retina surgeons: results of a vitreoretinal specialist survey / Uso de vídeos cirúrgicos nas mídias sociais entre cirurgiões de retina: resultados de uma pesquisa com especialista em retina

ABSTRACT Purpose: This study aimed to assess and interpret how vitreoretinal surgeons use surgical videos available on social media as complementary learning tools to improve, review, or update their abilities, considering their different levels of expertise. Methods: In this cross-sectional survey, an online survey was sent to vitreoretinal specialists and fellows. Results: This survey included 258 participants, of whom 53.88% had been in practice for >10 years (senior surgeons), 29.07% between 4 and 10 years (young surgeons), and 17.05% for <3 years (surgeons in training). Retinal surgical videos available on social media were used by 98.84% of the participants (95% confidence interval, 97.52%-100%). YouTube (91%) was the most common source of videos, and surgeons in training watched more videos on YouTube than senior surgeons. Regarding the preferred method when preparing for a procedure, 49.80% of the participants watched surgical videos available on social media, 26.27% preferred to "consult colleagues", and 18.82% preferred to seek information in scientific articles. Participants valued the most the "image quality" (88%) and presence of "surgical tips and tricks" (85%). Conclusion: Surgical videos can provide benefits in acquiring strategic skills, such as decision-making, surgical planning, and situational awareness. Retina surgeons used them as teaching aids regardless of their level of expertise, despite being relatively more valuable to surgeons in training or young surgeons.

RESUMO Objetivo: Avaliar e interpretar como os cirurgiões vitreorretinianos utilizam os vídeos cirúrgicos disponíveis nas mídias sociais como ferramentas complementares de aprendizagem para melhorar, revisar ou atualizar suas habilidades, considerando seus diferentes níveis de especialização. Métodos: Nesta pesquisa transversal, um survey online foi enviado à especialistas e aprendizes na área vítreo-retiniana. Resultados: Esta pesquisa incluiu 258 participantes, dos quais 53,88% atuavam há mais de 10 anos (cirurgiões seniores), 29,07% entre 4 e 10 anos (cirurgiões jovens) e 17,05% há menos de 3 anos (cirurgiões em treinamento). Vídeos cirúrgicos de retina nas mídias sociais foram usados por 98,84% dos participantes (intervalo de confiança de 95%, 97,52%-100%). A fonte mais comum de acesso aos vídeos foi o YouTube (91%), e o grupo de cirurgiões com menos de 3 anos de experiência assistiu mais vídeos no YouTube em comparação aos cirurgiões seniores. Assistir a vídeos cirúrgicos nas redes sociais foi o método preferido na preparação para um procedimento para 49,80% dos participantes versus 26,27% que preferiram "consultar colegas" e 18,82% que preferiram buscar informações em artigos científicos. A "qualidade de imagem" (88%) e a presença de "dicas e truques cirúrgicos" (85%) foram as características dos vídeos mais valorizadas pelos participantes. Conclusão: O uso de vídeos cirúrgicos pode trazer benefícios na aquisição de habilidades estratégicas, como tomada de decisão, planejamento cirúrgico e consciência situacional. Sua aplicação como auxiliar de ensino foi utilizada por cirurgiões de retina independentemente de seu nível de especialização, apesar de ser relativamente mais valioso para cirurgiões em formação ou com menos de 10 anos de experiência.

Audience response system smartphone application as an adjunct to tuberculosis teaching for medical students during the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic

SUMMARY OBJECTIVE: The growing availability of devices for mobile learning has created new opportunities for teaching. With the development of smartphone apps based on audience response systems, there is a possibility to quickly assess student knowledge. The education of health professionals, including medical students, is an essential strategy for tuberculosis control. In the context of the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic, audience response systems are very useful as online assessment tools. The aim of this study was to use the audience response systems Socrative to assess medical students during a class on tuberculosis. METHODS: This is a quasi-experimental before-and-after study, with pre- and post-tests carried out through the Socrative app, respectively, before and after a lecture on tuberculosis for medical students. Also, a cross-sectional study was carried out after the course to evaluate the participant's satisfaction through an electronic, structured questionnaire with a Likert-type scale. RESULTS: A total of 126 students were included in the study. The overall mean pre- and post-test scores were 5.98±1.59 and 8.37±1.36, respectively, with a statistically significant difference (p<0.0001). Almost all students were totally satisfied with the use of Socrative on pre- and post-tests. CONCLUSION: This study describes how the use of Socrative in a tuberculosis class was well received by students. In addition, the baseline knowledge on tuberculosis was low in some topics, with some improvement after the lecture. These findings emphasize the need to further improve the students' knowledge on tuberculosis and help instructors customize the lecture based on the gaps identified in the Socrative assessment.

Aprendizaje autónomo en la educación a distancia en estudiantes de Psicopedagogía durante la COVID-19: una revisión sistemática

Introducción: Durante la COVID-19, la educación a distancia fue una oportunidad para el ejercicio del autoaprendizaje en salud mediante el uso de recursos electrónicos, con el dinamismo e impulso del aprendizaje autodidacta mediante el uso de las TIC. Objetivo: Valorar a través de una revisión sistemática el comportamiento del aprendizaje autónomo en estudiantes de Psicopedagogía durante la pandemia por la COVID-19. Método: Se realizó una revisión sistemática en publicaciones entre los años 2020-2022, donde se identificaron 767 artículos en Scopus, 64 registros en SciELO y 759 en Google Scholar, luego de su procesamiento quedó una muestra de 52 artículos. Fueron recopilados: título, año, tipo de artículo, contexto, revista, indexación, tema, comentario, posible uso en el artículo, referencia bibliográfica y DOI. Las referencias bibliográficas se procesaron mediante el gestor bibliográfico Mendeley. Resultados: Se destacó el creciente acto investigativo acerca de las estrategias metodológicas de la autonomía en los aprendizajes en educación básica y con aspiraciones a efectuar estudios en salud, durante la pandemia por la COVID-19. El país con más producciones académicas sobre aprendizaje autónomo en educación básica fue Perú con cuatro, seguido de Ecuador con tres producciones científicas vinculadas a salud; también se encontraron investigaciones de otras latitudes. Conclusiones: El aprendizaje autónomo es una prioridad de vigencia actual, indispensable para responder a las demandas de una sociedad cambiante y compleja. En los países de Latinoamérica hubo creciente interés investigativo sobre aprendizaje autónomo en educación básica y que aspiraron a efectuar estudios en salud durante la pandemia por la COVID-19.

Introduction: During COVID-19, distance education was an opportunity to practice self-learning in health through the use of electronic resources, with the dynamism and promotion of self-taught learning through the use of ICT. Objective: To assess, through a systematic review, the behavior of autonomous learning in Psychopedagogy students during the COVID-19 pandemic. Method: A systematic review was carried out on publications between the years 2020-2022, where 767 articles were identified in Scopus, 64 records in SciELO and 759 in Google Scholar, after processing a sample of 52 articles remained. The following were collected: title, year, type of article, context, journal, indexing, topic, comment, possible use in the article, bibliographic reference and DOI. Bibliographic references were processed using the Mendeley bibliographic manager. Results: The growing research act was highlighted about the methodological strategies of autonomy in learning in basic education and with aspirations to carry out health studies, during the COVID-19 pandemic. The country with the most academic productions on autonomous learning in basic education was Peru with four, followed by Ecuador with three scientific productions linked to health; Research from other latitudes was also found. Conclusions: Autonomous learning is a current priority, essential to respond to the demands of a changing and complex society. In Latin American countries, there was growing research interest in autonomous learning in basic education and they aspired to carry out health studies during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Introdução: Durante a COVID-19, a educação a distância foi uma oportunidade para praticar a autoaprendizagem em saúde através do uso de recursos eletrônicos, com a dinamização e promoção da aprendizagem autodidata através do uso das TIC. Objetivo: Avaliar, por meio de uma revisão sistemática, o comportamento da aprendizagem autônoma em estudantes de Psicopedagogia durante a pandemia da COVID-19. Método: Foi realizada uma revisão sistemática sobre publicações entre os anos de 2020 a 2022, onde foram identificados 767 artigos na Scopus, 64 registros na SciELO e 759 no Google Acadêmico, após processamento permaneceu uma amostra de 52 artigos. Foram coletados: título, ano, tipo de artigo, contexto, periódico, indexação, tema, comentário, possível uso no artigo, referência bibliográfica e DOI. As referências bibliográficas foram processadas utilizando o gerenciador bibliográfico Mendeley. Resultados: Destacou-se a crescente atuação de pesquisa sobre as estratégias metodológicas de autonomia na aprendizagem na educação básica e com aspirações à realização de estudos em saúde, durante a pandemia de COVID-19. O país com mais produções acadêmicas sobre aprendizagem autônoma na educação básica foi o Peru com quatro, seguido pelo Equador com três produções científicas ligadas à saúde; Pesquisas de outras latitudes também foram encontradas. Conclusões: A aprendizagem autónoma é uma prioridade atual, essencial para responder às exigências de uma sociedade complexa e em mudança. Nos países latino-americanos, havia um crescente interesse de investigação na aprendizagem autónoma no ensino básico e aspiravam a realizar estudos de saúde durante a pandemia da COVID-19.

Impact of COVID-19 on theoretical knowledge and clinical practice in dentistry of Piracicaba Dental School students: a cross-sectional study

Aim: To assess the opinion of the students on the impact of COVID-19 pandemic on theoretical knowledge and clinical practice in dentistry at the Piracicaba Dental School ­ FOP/UNICAMP. Methods: A questionnaire was applied using the Google Forms platform, containing 20 questions related to the impacts of the pandemic on knowledge, mental health, and clinical and laboratory practice of dentistry. The satisfaction of the students with teaching was also evaluated. A total of 120 questionnaires were analyzed using R software, through tables and graphs of absolute and relative frequencies distribution. Results: COVID-19 affected the lives of 99% students who participated in the study. Due to distance learning resulting from the COVID-19 pandemic, 50% of the students considered locking or dropping out of college. Operative dentistry was the curricular component most affected by distance and lack of clinical practice. Although most students agreed that the workload of practical disciplines was or would be replaced, 95% felt some kind of deficit in clinical and laboratory practice even with the replacement of the workload. In addition, 93.3% of the students were afraid of not becoming a qualified professional due to the deficiencies on theoretical knowledge and clinical practice caused by the pandemic. Conclusions: Students showed dissatisfaction with the deficiency of clinical and laboratory practice resulting from the pandemic in operative dentistry curricular component. They reported fear and insecurity with their future professional lives. The indication of remote classes for dentistry should only be carried out in emergencies because this is an essentially practical course that suffers losses in learning