الملخص
Las injusticias epistémicas son aquellas formas de trato injusto que se relacionan con la producción, trasmisión o utilización del conocimiento por parte de los sujetos. El encuadre ético-epistémico y socio-epistémico proporcionado por estas injusticias se vincula con temas que atraviesan las principales tradiciones filosóficas como el pragmatismo, la fenomenología y la teoría crítica. Estas injusticias se interrelacionan, además, con movimientos sociales e intelectuales como el feminismo, la teoría crítica de la raza, los estudios críticos de la discapacidad y las epistemologías decolonizadoras. Sin embargo, existe un cuestionamiento a que las personas con discapacidad no han sido suficientemente abordadas. El presente artículo se posiciona en los debates actuales sobre las injusticias epistémicas y la discapacidad, y tiene como propósito aportar el concepto de "injusticias epistémicas normalizadas". Partiendo de la constatación de las formas en que se reconocen opresivamente los sujetos con discapacidad, como alejados de la "norma", establece que existen injusticias epistémicas asociadas con esta identificación. Propone que las injusticias epistémicas normalizadas ocurren en la intersección de dos ámbitos: un sistema hermenéutico capacitista y una agencia epistémica restringida en la que se producen al menos tres tipos de configuraciones: no agencia, agencias epistémicas disminuidas y agencias epistémicas en resistencia. Pensar las injusticias epistémicas considerando el peso de la "normalidad" en la constitución como sujetos de las personas con discapacidad permite reconocer una situación crítica de exclusión epistémica para algunas personas, mientras que otras resisten y luchan por ser comprendidas en los recursos hermenéuticos colectivos.
Epistemic injustices refer to those forms of unfair treatment that are related to the production, transmission, or use of knowledge by the subjects. The ethical-epistemic and socio-epistemic framework provided by these injustices is linked to themes that cross the main philosophical traditions such as pragmatism, phenomenology, and critical theory. These injustices are further intertwined with social and intellectual movements such as feminism, critical race theory, critical disability studies, and decolonizing epistemologies. However, there is a question that people with disabilities have not been sufficiently addressed. This article is positioned in the current debates on epistemic injustices and disability, and its purpose is to contribute the concept of "normalized epistemic injustices". Starting from the verification of the ways in which subjects with disabilities are oppressively recognized, as far from the "norm", it establishes that there are epistemic injustices associated with this identification. It proposes that normalized epistemic injustices occur at the intersection of two realms: a capacitist hermeneutic system and a constrained epistemic agency where at least three types of configurations are produced: non-agency; diminished epistemic agencies and epistemic agencies in resistance. Thinking about epistemic injustices considering the weight of "normality" in the constitution as subjects of people with disabilities allows us to recognize a critical situation of epistemic exclusion for some people, while others resist and fight to be understood in collective hermeneutical resources.
As injustiças epistêmicas referem-se àquelas formas de tratamento injusto que estão relacionadas à produção, transmissão ou uso do conhecimento pelos sujeitos. O enquadramento ético-epistêmico e socioepistêmico proporcionado por essas injustiças está vinculado a temas que atravessam as principais tradições filosóficas como o pragmatismo, a fenomenologia e a teoria crítica. Essas injustiças estão ainda mais entrelaçadas com movimentos sociais e intelectuais como o feminismo, a teoria crítica da raça, os estudos críticos da deficiência e as epistemologias descolonizadoras. No entanto, há uma questão de que as pessoas com deficiência não foram suficientemente abordadas. Este artigo se posiciona nos debates atuais sobre injustiças epistêmicas e deficiência, e seu objetivo é contribuir com o conceito de "injustiças epistêmicas normalizadas". A partir da verificação das formas como os sujeitos com deficiência são opressivamente reconhecidos, como distantes da "norma", constata-se que existem injustiças epistêmicas associadas a essa identificação. Propõe que injustiças epistêmicas normalizadas ocorrem na interseção de dois domínios: um sistema hermenêutico capacitista e uma agência epistêmica restrita onde pelo menos três tipos de configurações são produzidas: não-agência; agências epistêmicas diminuídas e agências epistêmicas em resistência. Pensar as injustiças epistêmicas considerando o peso da "normalidade" na constituição como sujeitos das pessoas com deficiência permite reconhecer uma situação crítica de exclusão epistêmica para algumas pessoas, enquanto outras resistem e lutam para serem compreendidas em recursos hermenêuticos coletivos.
الملخص
ABSTRACT Background: Since to the prognosis of lung squamous cell carcinoma is generally poor, there is an urgent need to innovate new prognostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets to improve patient outcomes. Objectives: Our goal was to develop a novel multi-gene prognostic model linked to neutrophils for predicting lung squamous cell carcinoma prognosis. Methods: We utilized messenger RNA expression profiles and relevant clinical data of lung squamous cell carcinoma patients from the Cancer Genome Atlas database. Through K-means clustering, least absolute shrinkage and selection operator regression, and univariate/multivariate Cox regression analyses, we identified 12 neutrophil-related genes strongly related to patient survival and constructed a prognostic model. We verified the stability of the model in the Cancer Genome Atlas database and gene expression omnibus validation set, demonstrating the robust predictive performance of the model. Results: Immunoinfiltration analysis revealed remarkably elevated levels of infiltration for natural killer cells resting and monocytes in the high-risk group compared to the low-risk group, while macrophages had considerably lower infiltration in the high risk group. Most immune checkpoint genes, including programmed cell death protein 1 and cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated antigen 4, exhibited high expression levels in the high risk group. Tumor immune dysfunction and exclusion scores and immunophenoscore results suggested a potential inclination toward immunotherapy in the "RIC" version V2 revised high risk group. Moreover, prediction results from the CellMiner database revealed great correlations between drug sensitivity (e.g., Vinorelbine and PKI-587) and prognostic genes. Conclusion: Overall, our study established a reliable prognostic risk model that possessed significant value in predicting the overall survival of lung squamous cell carcinoma patients and may guide personalized treatment strategies. (Rev Invest Clin. 2024;76(2):116-31)
الملخص
Garcinia gummi-gutta is commercially an important plant as its leaves and fruits contain valuable chemical components and are used for various ailments and treatments. Even though, there are minimum reports that have been seen in their exploration of this plant in the field of nanotechnology. So the present study deals with the synthesis of silver nanoparticles from the aqueous and ethanol leaf extracts of G. gummi-gutta and screening its antimicrobial and anticancer properties. Green synthesized silver nanoparticles was characterized by UV-visible (UV-vis) spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), fourier transforms infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) studies. In UV-vis spectroscopy, the surface plasmon resonance (SPR) spectrum of silver nanoparticles produced prominent peaks at 365 and 363 nm in aqueous and ethanol leaf extracts of G. gummi-gutta, respectively. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and XRD studies showed that the biosynthesized silver nanoparticles from aqueous and ethanol extracts of G. gummi-gutta leaves are spherical and crystalline in nature with an average size of 25 and 23 nm. FTIR spectroscopy reveals that the functional groups are responsible for the synthesis and stabilization of silver nanoparticles. The biosynthesized silver nanoparticles from both plant extracts have remarkable antibacterial and anticancer properties. Through these studies, it was found that silver nanoparticles from the ethanol leaf extract of G. gummi-gutta is more potential than silver nanoparticles from the aqueous leaf extract of G. gummi-gutta. So the present study is a novel attempt to synthesize the silver nanoparticles from this plant and elucidate its antimicrobial and anticancer potential.
الملخص
Background: Medicinal plants are rich in a wide variety of secondary metabolites such as tannins, alkaloids, phenolic compounds, flavonoids etc. which have the capability to inhibit many pathways that lead to cancer. The present study was conducted with the objectives to screen the extracts of dried roots Gloriosa superba L., dried roots of Centaurea behen L. dried fruits/beads of Elaeocarpus ganitrus Roxb., dried leaves of Ficus religiosa L. and investigate their antitumor activity on human breast cancer cell lines (MDA-MB 231). Methods: Cytotoxic activity was evaluated against non-cancerous cell lines (MCF-10A). Hexane, chloroform, methanol and water were the solvents used for extraction of phytoconstituents by Soxhlet method. Anti-proliferative potential of the plant extracts was evaluated using MTT assay. The trypan blue dye exclusion test was used to determine the number of viable cells present in a cell suspension. Results: On MDA MB-231 cell lines, 91.94% cell death was reported with G. superba aqueous extract followed by E. ganitrus methanol extract and F. religiosa hexane extract with 87.93% and 81.61% cell death respectively. Moreover, none of the extracts had shown cytotoxic effect while evaluated against normal non-cancerous cell lines (MCF- 10A). Conclusions: It is inferred from the current findings that phytoconstituents present in the plant extracts have high anticancer potential. These phytoconstituents along with some new anticancer agents present in the plant extracts reflects the high cytotoxic potential against cancer cells.
الملخص
@#Objective To identify the peak 2 protein on the right side of the main peak of size exclusion chromatograghy-high performance liquid chromatography(SEC-HPLC)in freeze-dried human rabies vaccine(Vero cell)stock solution(without human blood albumin),so as to determine the protein composition of the peak and ensure the vaccine quality.Methods The lyophilized human rabies vaccine(Vero cells)stock solution(without human blood albumin)was analyzed by SECHPLC,of which the peak 2 on the right side of the main peak was collected and concentrated by ultrafiltration,then reduced by dithiothreitol(DTT),alkylated by iodoacetamide (IAM) and hydrolyzed by Trypsin. The products were analyzed by nano LC-MS/MS.Results Four proteins were successfully identified in the right peak 2 of SEC-HPLC main peak in lyophilized human rabies vaccine(Vero cell)stock solution(without human blood albumin),and the number of matching peptides for a single protein ranged from 59 to 79. The number of single protein-matching characteristic peptides ranged from 6 to 12. The detection times of single protein-matching characteristic peptide segments ranged from 20 to 36 times. The sequence coverage of the identified proteins ranged from 37. 40% to 64. 31%. A total of 280 peptides participated in the statistics,and the mass spectrum deviation was less than 0. 15 Da.Conclusion The peak 2 on the right side of SEC-HPLC main peak of lyophilized human rabies vaccine(Vero cell)stock solution(without human blood albumin)is derived from rabies strain 4a GV,which is the vaccine particle dissociation.
الملخص
【Objective】 To investigate additional exclusion criteria for therapeutic apheresis erythrocytes and the possibility of adverse reactions by analyzing the occurrence of rare adverse reactions in two patients who underwent therapeutic erythrocytes apheresis. 【Methods】 Erythrocytes were harvested by apheresis from two patients with indications for therapeutic erythrocytes collection for preservation or discarding. 【Results】 One case experienced persistent atrial fibrillation and a gout attack after the collection, while another case experienced persistent hypotension during the collection and a subsequent reduction in haemoglobin levels after collection 【Conclusion】 To reduce the incidence of adverse reactions, it is essential to have strict exclusion criteria for therapeutic erythrocytes apheresis and to enhance the monitoring of whole collection process in patients with atrial fibrillation and gout.
الملخص
Objective@#To explore the relationship between aggression and category perception of angry expression in reform school students under social exclusion, so as to provide reference for the reform school students mental health promotion.@*Methods@#In May 2023, 144 students were randomly selected from a reform school in Guizhou Province, and were divided into high and low aggression groups(77 and 67 students) by Aggression Questionnaire. Cyberball game was used to induce social exclusion and acceptance, subjects were divided into high aggressive exclusion group ( n =42), high aggressive acceptance group ( n =35), low aggressive exclusion group ( n =37) and low aggressive acceptance group ( n =30). All the participants completed the discrimination and identification tasks of category perception paradigm, and the relationship between aggression and category perception of angry expression of reform school students under social exclusion was analyzed by using category turning point, identification curve and analysis of variance.@*Results@#The total score of aggression(97.34±8.00) and four dimensions (physical aggression: 29.75± 4.61, verbal aggression:17.19±2.58, anger:22.29±3.66, hostility:28.10±3.54) in the high aggression group were higher than those in the low aggression group(74.10±9.02，21.09±4.98，14.30±2.66，17.16±3.83，21.55±3.88), and the differences were statistically significant ( t =16.38, 10.85, 6.62, 8.20, 10.59, P <0.01). For identifying the turning point of the fear anger continuum, the social exclusion group（2.58±0.07）was significantly smaller than the social acceptance group（2.79±0.07）( F =4.85, η 2=0.07, P < 0.05 ）, and the social exclusion group had a tendency to shift the category boundary to the fear side. For identifying the slope at the angry happiness continuum category boundary curve, the high aggression group (0.63±0.03) was significantly higher than the low aggression group (0.53±0.03)( F =5.38, η 2=0.08, P <0.05). In the fear anger continuum,the high aggression group[(694.86± 78.29 )ms] reacted more quickly than the low aggression group[(660.70±79.86)ms]( F =5.08, η 2=0.05， P <0.05) In the angry happiness continuum, there was no statistical significance of social exclusion and aggression( P >0.05).@*Conclusions@#The suggests that social exclusion can lead to hostility attribution bias in individuals, while aggression can make individuals more sensitive to angry expression. The mechanisms by which social exclusion and aggression affect expression category perception are independent rather than interactive. The society should give tolerance and acceptance to reform school students, reduce exclusion and discrimination, and the reform education department should correct the aggressive behavior of reform school students and promote their mental health.
الملخص
【Objective】 To investigate the condition of confidential unit exclusion(CUE) in Guangzhou, so as to ensure blood safety. 【Methods】 The number of CUE donors, demographic characteristics of CUE donors, reasons for CUE, and response time of CUE after blood donation in Guangzhou from 2009 to 2022 were statistically analyzed. 【Results】 From 2009 to 2022, the response ratios of CUE was 0.006 2% (260/4 170 984) and the ratios had statistically significant difference between different years(P0.05), but statistically significant differences were found in age, number of blood donations, education background, and marital status (P<0.05). Blood donors aged 18~30 (0.007 3%, P<0.05) and first-time blood donors (0.010 8%, P<0.05) were the main groups of CUE. High risk sexual behavior (28.46%, 74/260) was the primary reason for CUE. The CUE response peak was within 72 hours after blood donation, and the response ratios within 24-72 hours after blood donation was the highest (68.46%, 178/260). 【Conclusion】 CUE is a crucial measure to ensure blood safety. Detailed pre-donation health consultations are suggested for blood donors aged 18-30 and first-time blood donors so as to better excluding high-risk blood donors. Strengthening the publicity of CUE response and process, registering and classifying the reasons for CUE are also important.
الملخص
Background: About 1.3 billion people around the world are living with disabilities, facing challenges such as premature death, mental conditions and other diseases. In South Africa, over 3.5 million people live with disabilities, making up about 6.6% of the total population. People with disabilities face numerous challenges of prejudice, and increasingly, digital exclusion is also becoming a concern. Objectives: The objective of this study was to determine the extent and challenges that People with disabilities (PwD) have in accessing digital technology, assess the level of the digital divide, and propose measures to narrow this gap. Data were collected using survey questions, and the target population were people with disabilities located in various districts of KwaZulu-Natal province, South Africa. Method: The study utilised a quantitative approach and analysed the findings using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS). Results: The results indicated that people with disabilities are marginalised and have limited or no access to technology. The research concludes that there needs to be a targeted approach towards assisting people with disabilities, and stakeholders involved need to combat the digital divide for disadvantaged individuals to promote positive social change.Conclusion: More needs to be done to increase society's sensibilities towards people living with disabilities. Technology penetration seems to be a challenge and individuals with disabilities are left with a significant gap that needs to be addressed. Contribution: This article contributes to bridging the technology inequality for people with disabilities in historically disadvantaged societies.
الموضوعات
Access to Essential Medicines and Health Technologies , Discrimination, Psychologicalالملخص
Resumo: As experiências de controle social sobre as ações governamentais despertam a curiosidade científica de vários pesquisadores vinculados à defesa da cidadania. O objetivo desta abordagem é investigar as contribuições e as influências que as pessoas com deficiência exerceram na formulação da política de saúde no Pará. Trata-se de estudo qualitativo, descritivo e analítico. A pesquisa conclui que o grupo pesquisado não desempenhou capacidade política para impor inflexões nas opções governamentais.
Abstract: Experiences of social control over government actions arouse the scientific curiosity of several researchers linked to the defense of citizenship. The objective of this approach is to investigate the contributions and influences that people with disabilities exerted on the formulation of health policy in Pará. This is a qualitative, descriptive and analytical study. The research concludes that the group studied did not have the political capacity to impose changes in government options.
الملخص
Resumen Se plantearon dos objetivos: (O1) analizar los efectos de una intervención de artes marciales sobre las actitudes hacia la violencia; (O2) Señalar estrategias pedagógicas útiles para este tipo de programas. Se diseñó un estudio de caso dentro de un proceso de investigación-acción participativa. Participaron siete estudiantes de educación primaria (6-11 años) usuarios de un centro de día. Se implementó una intervención de ocho semanas (15 sesiones) basada en el Brazilian Jiu-Jitsu (BJJ). Se recogió información a través de grupos de discusión, entrevistas individuales y diario del profesor. El análisis produjo tres categorías/temas (nueve subcategorías): cambios (actitudes hacia la violencia, comportamiento, relaciones sociales), sensaciones (positivas, negativas) y estrategias pedagógicas (contacto físico, etiqueta, encargado, juegos con momentos de calma). Los objetivos planteados fueron ampliamente conseguidos, disminuyendo las actitudes hacia la violencia de los participantes (O1) y señalando estrategias pedagógicas para poder replicar la intervención en diferentes contextos (O2). Por lo tanto, el programa puede considerarse un éxito para la mejora de las actitudes hacia violencia de jóvenes en riesgo de exclusión que acudan a un centro de día.
Resumo Foram definidos dois objetivos: (O1) analisar os efeitos de uma intervenção de artes marciais nas atitudes face à violência; (O2) Apontar estratégias pedagógicas para esse tipo de programa. Um estudo de caso foi desenhado dentro de um processo de pesquisa-ação participativa. Participaram sete alunos do ensino básico (6-11 anos), utentes de um centro de dia. Foi implementada uma intervenção de oito semanas (15 sessões) baseada no Brazilian Jiu-Jitsu. As informações foram coletadas por meio de grupos focais, entrevistas individuais e diário do professor. A análise produziu três categorias/temas (nove subcategorias): mudanças (atitudes perante à violência, comportamento, relações sociais), sensações (positivas, negativas) e estratégias pedagógicas (contato físico, etiqueta, gerente, jogos com momentos de calma). Os objetivos declarados foram em grande parte alcançados através da redução das atitudes dos participantes face à violência (O1) e da indicação de estratégias pedagógicas para poder replicar a intervenção em diferentes contextos (O2). Portanto, o programa pode ser considerado um sucesso por melhorar as atitudes face à violência entre os jovens em risco de exclusão que frequentam um centro de dia.
Abstract Two objectives were set: (O1) to analyze the effects of a martial arts intervention on attitudes towards violence; (O2) Point out pedagogical strategies for this type of program. A case study was designed within a participatory-action-research process. Seven primary school students (6-11 years old), users of a day center, participated. An eight-week intervention (15 sessions) based on Brazilian Jiu-Jitsu was implemented. Information was collected through focus groups, individual interviews and the teacher's diary. The analysis produced three categories/themes (nine subcategories): changes (attitudes towards violence, behavior, social relationships), sensations (positive, negative) and pedagogical strategies (physical contact, etiquette, manager, games with moments of calm). The stated objectives were largely achieved by reducing participants' attitudes towards violence (O1) and indicating pedagogical strategies to be able to replicate the intervention in different contexts (O2). Therefore the program can be considered a success for improving attitudes towards violence among young people at risk of exclusion who attend a day center.
الملخص
Resumo As teorias e concepções dominantes sobre desenvolvimento humano e infância, produzidas a partir de uma ótica moderna-colonial, têm contribuído tanto para invisibilizar as diversas infâncias, quanto para dar sustentação à incessante medicalização no campo do cuidado infantil. Neste ensaio, propõe-se discutir as relações estruturais e invisíveis entre a colonialidade e patologização, problematizando alguns dos efeitos desse processo na prática cotidiana do cuidado à infância. No plano teórico-reflexivo, nutrido através do diálogo com autoras/es contemporâneas/os alinhadas/os com a inflexão decolonial, o texto endossa a crítica à teoria hegemônica de desenvolvimento infantil, fundada nas noções de evolução-progresso-hierarquia e, claramente, na universalização de seus fundamentos. O texto avança apontando evidências de que a reprodução de tais fundamentos tem sido determinante para o processo em curso de patologização da infância. No plano empírico, a análise de uma situação concreta envolvendo a colaboração entre creches e um dispositivo de saúde mental dirigido à infância revelou que a adoção de uma abordagem sensível e contextualizada frente aos "incômodos" produzidos pela criança pode contribuir para romper o ciclo de exclusão, invisibilidade e negatividade, vivenciado por muitas crianças e suas famílias. A experiência relatada demonstrou, ainda, que é possível produzir práticas descolonizadoras nos serviços de atenção às infâncias.
Abstract The dominant theories, and conceptions of human development and childhood, produced from a modern-colonial perspective, have contributed both to making different childhoods invisible and supporting the incessant medicalization in the field of childcare. In this essay, we propose to discuss the structural and invisible relationships between coloniality and pathologization, problematizing some of the effects of this process on the daily practice of childcare. On a theoretical-reflexive level, nurtured through dialogue with contemporary authors aligned with the decolonial inflection, the text endorses the critique of the hegemonic theory of child development, based on the notions of evolution-progress-hierarchy and, clearly, on the universalization of its foundations. The text goes on to point to evidence that the reproduction of these foundations has been a determining factor in the ongoing process of pathologizing childhood. On an empirical level, the analysis of a concrete situation involving collaboration between nurseries and a mental health service aimed at children revealed that adopting a sensitive and contextualized approach to the "discomfort" produced by children can help break the cycle of exclusion, invisibility, and negativity experienced by many children and their families. The experience also showed that it is possible to produce decolonizing practices in childcare services.
الملخص
Este trabalho propõe uma reflexão sobre os tênues limites que separam a patologia da criatividade, utilizando-se, para isso, da genialidade da escritora Clarice Lispector. Coloca a ideia da patologia como fenômeno associado à história da misoginia, buscando suas raízes arquetípicas no mito da criação e na figura feminina de Eva. Desenvolve também a relação entre essa misoginia no plano arquetípico e o sentimento de exclusão que vivenciamos nos mais diferentes níveis de relacionamentos.
This study aims to reflect upon the intricate boundaries that separate pathology from creativity, drawing upon the brilliance of writer Clarice Lispector. It explores the concept of pathology as a phenomenon intertwined with the history of misogyny, seeking its archetypal roots in the myth of creation and the feminine figure of Eve. Additionally, it delves into the connection between this archetypal misogyny and the experience of exclusion that we encounter in various levels of relationships.
Este trabajo propone una reflexión sobre los tenues límites que separan la patología de la creatividad, utilizándose, para ello, del genio de la escritora Clarice Lispector. Coloca la idea de la patología como fenómeno asociado a la historia de la misoginia, buscando sus raíces arquetípicas en el mito de la creación y en la figura femenina de Eva. Desarrolla también la relación entre esa misoginia en el plano arquetípico y el sentimiento de exclusión que experimentamos en los más diferentes niveles de relaciones.
الموضوعات
Psychology , Pathology , Femininityالملخص
@#Objective To develop and validate size exclusion column-high performance liquid chromatography(SEC-HPLC)for determination of the purity of bulk material of freeze-dried rabies vaccine for human use.Methods Chromatography column TSK-gel G6000PW_(XL)(7.8 mm × 30 cm,13 μm)was used for the determination(column temperature 30 ℃)with mobile phase of 0.1 mol/L PB buffer(pH 7.8)at a flow rate of 0.5 mL/min.The detection wavelength was 280 nm and injection volume was 20 μL.The method was validated for system suitability,specificity,precision and durability and determined for detection limit and quantitation limit,which was applied to analyze bulk material purity of freeze-dried rabies vaccine for human use of 3 batches of Vero cells and 1 batch of human diploid cells.Results The resolution of target protein spectrum peak of bulk material of reference sample and freeze-dried rabies vaccine for human use prepared with two substrates was more than 1.5 with a tailing factor less than 1.5;The blank solvent showed no absorption peak at the position of target protein peak with no interference in the determination;The RSDs of retention time and peak area in precision verification were both less than 2.0%;The quantitative limit was 10 μg/mL,and the detection limit was 4 μg/mL;The reference sample was injected three times continuously at three different detection wavelengths of 278,280 and 282 nm,and the RSDs of retention time and peak area were also less than 2.0%.The purity of 4 batches of freeze-dried rabies vaccine bulk material for human use was all more than 97%.Conclusion The developed SEC-HPLC for determination of the purity of freeze-dried rabies vaccine bulk material for human use showed good specificity,precision and durability,which provided a reliable method for the quality control of human rabies vaccine.
الملخص
【Objective】 To explore the status of confidential unit exclusion(CUE) status among voluntary blood donors in Hefei, so as to provide scientific basis for blood safety. 【Methods】 From 2012 to 2021, 57 out of the 1 158 272 voluntary blood donors in Anhui Blood Center, who requested CUE, were analyzed for population characteristics and their motives in asking for CUE. 【Results】 There were 57(0.004 9%) voluntary blood donors asking for CUE after donation, including 42 males (73.69%) and 15 females (26.32%). All the blood samples were negative in transfusion-transmitted viral marker testing except one positive in syphilis (TP) antibody. The reasons for CUE were as follows: high-risk behaviors (including multiple sexual partners, male-to-male homosexual behaviors, intravenous drug use, etc.) in 23 cases (40.35%), diseases unsuitable for blood donation in 7 cases (12.28%), and other reasons in 14 cases (24.56%). 【Conclusion】 Effective consultation before blood donation is particularly important to ensure blood safety and avoid the waste of blood.
الملخص
Background: Extensive calcification of the mitral annulus (MAC) represents a problem for mitral surgery due to a technical difficulty for implanting prosthetic valves, because the calcium does not allow placing direct sutures through the annulus and para-prosthetic leakage or cardiac rupture may result. We describe our experience with mitral valve surgery with or without decalcification of the annulus. Methods: Since 2005, we performed mitral valve operations in 1,327 patients and among them, severe mitral annular calcification was present in 25 (1.9%). Results: The mean age was 75±9 years and there were 6 men and 19 women, with hemodialysis in 4. Mitral valve replacement (MVR) was performed in all patients. A concomitant operation was aortic valve replacement in 19 and coronary artery bypass grafting in 4 patients. The MAC was resected in 14 (Group-R) and was excluded in 11 (Group-E). In-hospital mortality was four patients in Group-R. The cause of death was congestive heart failure in two, cerebellar infarction in one, and respiratory failure in one. Postoperative morbidity included one patient with reexploration and one with prolonged respiratory failure The aortic cross clamp time was a mean of 180±44 min (range 108∼266 min) in Group-R and 139±32 min (range 61∼186 min) in Group-E (p=0.009). The size of the prosthetic mitral valve was 24.3±1.0 mm in Group-R and 24.6±0.8 mm in Group-E (p=0.618). The postoperative echocardiography showed no abnormal mean pressure gradient of mitral valve prosthesis nor para-valvular leak in any patients in either group. Conclusions: The mitral valve replacement without annular decalcification in a severely calcified mitral annulus is a safe and an effective approach in an elderly patient.
الملخص
Improving the reproducibility of biomedical research results is a major challenge. Researchers reporting their research process transparently and accurately can help readers evaluate the reliability of the research results and further explore the experiment by repeating it or building upon its findings. The ARRIVE 2.0 guidelines, released in 2019 by the UK National Centre for the Replacement, Refinement and Reduction of Animals in Research (NC3Rs), provide a checklist applicable to any in vivo animal research report. These guidelines aim to improve the standardization of experimental design, implementation, and reporting, as well as the reliability, repeatability, and clinical translatability of animal experimental results. The use of ARRIVE 2.0 guidelines not only enriches the details of animal experimental research reports, ensuring that information on animal experimental results is fully evaluated and utilized, but also enables readers to understand the content expressed by the author accurately and clearly, promoting the transparency and integrity of the fundamental research review process. At present, the ARRIVE 2.0 guidelines have been widely adopted by international biomedical journals. this article is a Chinese translation based on the best practices of international journals following the ARRIVE 2.0 guidelines in international journals, specifically for the complete interpretation of the ARRIVE 2.0 guidelines published in the PLoS Biology journal in 2020 (original text can be found at https://arriveguidelines.org). The first part of the article includes the preface and the "Key 10" section, which covers "study design" "sample size" and "inclusion and exclusion criteria". Its aim is to promote the full understanding and use of the ARRIVE 2.0 guidelines by domestic researchers, enhance the standardization of experimental animal research and reporting, and promote the high-quality development of experimental animal technology and comparative medicine research in China.
الملخص
@#At present,the most commonly used method for detecting hemagglutinin(HA)content in influenza vaccines is still single-radial immunodiffusion(SRID). However,the preparation of standards required by this method takes a long time,usually 2 ～ 3 months. Therefore,how to quantitatively analyze HA accurately has always been a difficult problem in the detection of HA content in the situation that reference products can not be obtained at the early stage of the pandemic influenza. High performance liquid chromatography(HPLC)has its own characteristics of rapidity,high sensitivity,good repeatability and high accuracy,which can rapidly determine HA content by using different separation principles and has been widely used in the detection of HA content in influenza vaccine. This paper reviewed the research progress of the application of HPLC in the determination of HA content in influenza vaccine.
الملخص
@#Objective To optimize and verify the size exclusion chromatography-high performance liquid chromatography(SEC-HPLC) method for the determination of recombinant human growth hormone(rhGH)-Fc immunofusion protein polymer.Methods The multimer content of rhGH-Fc immunofusion protein was detected by SEC-HPLC.The detection conditions(salt concentration,mobile phase pH,flow rate,column temperature and column model) were optimized to observe the separation effect of the target proteins and polymers.The system suitability,specificity,linearity and range,precision,accuracy and limit of quantification of the method were verified.Results The optimized method was to use TSK-gel G2000SW_(x1)column(5 μm,7.8 mm × 300 mm),mobile phase of 50 mmol/L phosphate buffer(pH 6.80),detection wavelength of280 nm,injection volume of 100 μL,flow rate of 0.6 mL/min and column temperature of 45 ℃.The resolution of rhGHFc immunofusion protein and polymer,the theoretical plate number and the tailing factor all met the requirements;the peak time of rhGH-Fc immunofusion protein was the same as that of the control,while the peak time of GH national standard was different from that of the control,and the protein buffer showed no peak;the concentration of rhGH-Fc immunofusion protein was in the range of 0.307～1.842 mg/mL with good linear correlation between the peak area integral value and the injection volume(R~2=0.999 4);the RSD of peak area and purity in repeatability verification were 0.7% and 0.1%,respectively;the RSD of intermediate precision verification was 0.8%;the average recovery rate of accuracy verification was 99.1% with the RSD of 1.9%;the limit of quantification was 6 μg/mL.Conclusion The optimized SEC-HPLC method was used to detect the content of polymer in rhGH-Fc immunofusion protein with improved accuracy,and the column efficiency and separation were in accordance with the relevant requirements of Chinese Pharmacopoeia(Volume Ⅳ,2020edition),which could be used for the detection of polymer content in samples.
الملخص
We developed a method for accurate quantification of the intact virus particles in inactivated avian influenza virus feedstocks. To address the problem of impurities interference in the detection of inactivated avian influenza virus feedstocks by direct high performance size exclusion chromatography (HPSEC), we firstly investigated polyethylene glycol (PEG) precipitation and ion exchange chromatography (IEC) for H5N8 antigen purification. Under the optimized conditions, the removal rate of impurity was 86.87% in IEC using DEAE FF, and the viral hemagglutination recovery was 100%. HPSEC was used to analyze the pretreated samples. The peak of 8.5-10.0 min, which was the characteristic adsorption of intact virus, was analyzed by SDS-PAGE and dynamic light scattering. It was almost free of impurities and the particle size was uniform with an average particle size of 127.7 nm. After adding antibody to the IEC pretreated samples for HPSEC detection, the characteristic peak disappeared, indicating that IEC pretreatment effectively removed the impurities. By coupling HPSEC with multi-angle laser scattering technique (MALLS), the amount of intact virus particles in the sample could be accurately quantified with a good linear relationship between the number of virus particles and the chromatographic peak area (R2=0.997). The established IEC pretreatment-HPSEC-MALLS assay was applied to accurate detection of the number of intact virus particles in viral feedstocks of different subtypes (H7N9), different batches and different concentrations, all with good applicability and reproducibility, Relative standard deviation < 5%, n=3.