الملخص
Introducción: la rehabilitación respiratoria (RR) se recomienda en pacientes con fibrosis quística (FQ). Durante la pandemia de COVID-19 los programas de RR debieron cerrarse o migrar a modalidades de telerehabilitación, imponiendo nuevos desafíos a pacientes y equipos de salud. El objetivo de este estudio fue explorar las percepciones de pacientes, padres y profesionales sobre la transición a la telerehabilitación respiratoria durante la pandemia de COVID-19. Método: estudio cualitativo. Se consideraron pacientes con FQ mayores de 8 años. También a padres y equipos de salud. El tamaño muestral se determinó mediante saturación teórica. Se realizaron entrevistas semiestructuradas y grupos focales vía Zoom. El análisis de datos se realizó mediante los métodos de codificación abierta y axial. El análisis se realizó utilizando el software Atlas. Ti 7.5.7. Resultados: se incluyó a 4 pacientes adultos, 1 pediátrico y 2 padres, además de 4 profesionales de equipos de salud. Existió una percepción general positiva respecto a la RR y la telerehabilitación. Entre las barreras destacó la falta de equipamiento para la telerehabilitación en domicilio y la organización diaria de los pacientes. Entre los facilitadores destacó la disponibilidad de equipos y redes que permitieran la conectividad y el apoyo familiar. Existió una valoración positiva hacia la continuidad de la telerehabilitación en la etapa post pandémica. Conclusiones: la telerehabilitación fue percibida como una alternativa viable y efectiva, sin embargo, aspectos de la conectividad, disponibilidad de equipamiento y la rutina diaria de los pacientes debe ser considerada a la hora de implementar modalidades telemáticas de atención.
Introduction: Pulmonary rehabilitation (PR) is recommended in patients with Cystic Fibrosis (CF). During the COVID-19 pandemic, PR programs had to migrate to telerehabilitation modalities, imposing new challenges for patients and health teams. The objective of this study was to explore the perceptions of patients, parents, and professionals regarding the transition to respiratory telerehabilitation experienced during the COVID-19 pandemic. Method: Qualitative study. Parents and health teams were included in the case of patients with CF over eight years old. Theoretical saturation determined the sample size. Semi-structured interviews and focus groups were conducted using the Zoom platform. Data analysis was carried out using open and axial coding methods. The analysis was performed using Atlas Ti software 7.5.7. Results: Four adult patients, one pediatric patient, two parents, and four health team professionals entered the study. There was a positive perception regarding PR and telerehabilitation. Among the barriers, the lack of equipment for telerehabilitation at home and the daily organization of patients stood out. Among the facilitators, the availability of equipment and networks that allowed connectivity and family support stood out. Patients rated the continuity of telerehabilitation in the post-pandemic stage positively. Conclusions: Telerehabilitation was perceived as a viable and effective alternative; however, aspects related to connectivity, availability of equipment, and the daily routine of patients must be considered when implementing telematics care modalities.
الملخص
Background: Within the bustling and stressful neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) environment, implementing Baby-friendly practices presents numerous challenges. Breastfeeding initiation and duration rates among NICU infants are lower compared to healthy full-term infants. Objectives were to explore breastfeeding support practices and related barriers and facilitators in the NICU.Methods: A retrospective study of 496 babies admitted to NICU of Sahota Superspeciality Hospital Kashipur, Uttarakhand during the time period March 2018 to February 2020 and examined maternal and infant factors. The 496 infants divided in two groups: group A: breast milk use at discharge (n=398) and group B: no breast milk use at discharge (n=98).Results: The incidence of morbidity factors like sepsis, chronic lung disease, retinopathy of prematurity, intraventricular hemorrhage, gastrostomy tube feeds at discharge, gavage feeds at discharge noted more among the babies of group of ‘no breast milk use at discharge’ compared to other group (p<0.05). The usage of donor milk and formula milk is significantly very less in babies of group ‘breast milk use at discharge’ compared to other group (p<0.05). Duration of hospital stay was very less in the group A compare to group B (p<0.05). Respiratory distress was the most common diagnosis among the babies of group A and apnea was the most common among babies of group B.Conclusions: Obstacles to maintaining breastfeeding in the NICU, which warrant focused efforts for enhancing practices, encompassed inadequate resources for facilitating parental involvement, impediments to expressing and providing maternal breast milk, and a notable prevalence of bottle-feeding supplemented with formula.
الملخص
Background: The world’s health care needs are changing drastically due to significant population and demographic impact. The socioeconomic transition in India have influenced the health risk behaviour leading to the increasing burden of obesity, hypertension, diabetes and dyslipidemia. Primary care facilities play a vital role in preventing and controlling NCDs. Objectives were to assess the perceptions of healthy lifestyle behaviours among urban migrants of south India. To qualitatively assess the facilitators and barriers of NCD prevention. Methods: Study was conducted in urban Shivamogga from May to August 2023 using non-purposive sampling technique. It was a qualitative study design-focus group discussion (FGD). It involves two FGD of 8 members each. One FGD is from urban school and other FGD is from nationalized bank. This study aimed at providing grounded approach to develop an understanding about the perceptions of hypertension (HTN) and facilitators/barriers in obtaining treatment of the same. The data was subjected to brief reading and analysed by segregating the text under different themes. Responses were recorded by audio-taping and translated into codes. The results were obtained after drawing inferences. Results: Mean age of study participants was 38.8±3.8 years (FGD1) and 36.8±2.6 years (FGD2). They identified stress, nuclear family, physical inactivity, dietary habits and urban living as the causes of hypertension. They perceived that illiteracy, ignorance, work-pressure, time-constraints, home-remedies could be the barriers for seeking treatment of hypertension. Conclusions: Hypertension has been perceived as a common and serious problem in our community. There was a felt need about awareness campaign and screening of HTN that may help in implementation of prevention and control activities.
الملخص
@#Introduction: This systematic review aimed to investigate the level of participation, obstacles, and facilitator factors that influence activities of daily living among persons with spinal cord injury (SCI). Methods: A comprehensive search was conducted in four online databases, namely Google Scholar, PubMed, OT Seeker, and Cochrane Library covering the ten-years period from January 2012 to December 2022. Inclusion criteria encompassed original published studies in English focusing on daily activities, work, participation, obstacles, and facilitators in persons with SCI. Non-peer review sources (e.g., abstracts, grey literature, preprints), and studies unrelated to occupational therapy were excluded. The selected studies were assessed for quality using McMaster University Occupational Therapy Evidence-Based Practice critical review form. Results: Out of the 678 articles identified, ten studies were included after the screening, exploring participation in daily living activities, employment, return to work, leisure activities, family tasks, and community mobility among persons with SCI. Obstacles and facilitators influencing participation in activities of daily living were classified using the International Classification of Functioning, Disability, and Health (ICF) framework. This review highlighted that long-term participation is challenging for persons with SCI, affected by obstacles such as body functions, pain, low self-esteem, and environmental and social factors. Conclusion: The findings underscore the importance of adopting a multidisciplinary rehabilitation approach to enhance participation in daily activities for persons with SCI. Occupational therapy plays a significant role in improving participation levels among persons with SCI.
الملخص
To explore the barriers and facilitators of shared decision making, 23 clinicians were selected for semi-structured interviews by purpose sampling and convenience sampling with phenomenological methods in qualitative research, and 7-step of Colaizzi was used to analyze the interview data. Three themes and twelve subthemes were extracted, included: individual factors of doctors (role cognition, perceived outcomes, communication skills, clinical expertise, cognitive bias) , individual factors of patients (general information, lack of disease knowledge, willingness to participate in decision making) and environmental factors (clinical situation, social environment, resources and social influence) . There were many barriers and facilitators in the implementation of doctor-patient shared decision making. It is necessary to scientifically analyze and actively deal with the influence of each factor, and find reasonable countermeasures to promote the clinical implementation of shared decision making.
الملخص
La prevalencia de depresión en adolescentes es aproximadamente 7% en Chile. Sólo entre 18% y 34% de jóvenes con depresión accede a ayuda profesional. Objetivo: El objetivo de esta investigación fue analizar barreras y facilitadores para la búsqueda de ayuda profesional en salud mental, desde la perspectiva de adolescentes entre 15 y 17 años con depresión en Santiago de Chile. Método: Se llevó a cabo un estudio cualitativo exploratorio y descriptivo desde el enfoque fenomenológico. Se realizaron diez entrevistas semi estructuradas a adolescentes, que fueron analizadas con teoría fundamentada. Resultados: Las principales barreras fueron estigma, minimización de síntomas y preocupación por confidencialidad. Los principales facilitadores fueron contar con red de apoyo, reconocimiento de síntomas e intervenciones escolares que favorecen la detección de síntomas. Conclusiones: Se debe trabajar de manera conjunta con adolescentes, sus familias, pares y sistema escolar brindando información sobre la depresión y su tratamiento.
The prevalence of depression in adolescents is approximately 7% in Chile. Only between 18% and 34% of young people with depression access professional help. Objective: The aim of this research was to analyze the barriers and facilitators for seeking professional help in mental health, from the perspective of adolescents between 15 and 17 years of age with depression in Santiago, Chile. Methodology: An exploratory and descriptive qualitative study was carried out from the phenomenological approach. Ten semi-structured interviews were conducted with adolescents and analyzed with grounded theory. Results: The main barriers were stigma, minimization of symptoms, and concerns about confidentiality. The main facilitators were having a support network, symptom recognition, and school interventions that favor symptom detection. Conclusions: Joint work should be done with adolescents, their families, peers, and school system providing information about depression and its treatment.
الموضوعات
Humans , Male , Female , Adolescent , Mental Health , Depression/epidemiology , Chile/epidemiology , Epidemiology, Descriptive , Prevalence , Surveys and Questionnaires , Help-Seeking Behavior , Barriers to Access of Health Servicesالملخص
Background: Acute brain infections including encephalitis are less common but serious conditions characterized by the inflammation of the brain requiring immediate accurate diagnosis and management. For many infections appropriate therapies exist, but the outcome is often less desirable because of failure to receive appropriate treatment on time due to multiple factors. The aim of the study was to understand the barriers and facilitators towards receiving care for persons with acute brain infections in a low resource setting. Methods: The study design was cross sectional exploratory study. Consecutive patients presenting to neurology department of a tertiary referral care center for Neuropsychiatry in South India from July 2020 to September 2020 with the diagnosis of acute brain infections were assessed using the modified Kuppuswamy scale, Glasgow coma scale, the pathway scale: encounter form, patient centered health services in India and client socio-demographic and service receipt inventory. Results: A total of 110 participants, both male and female, were recruited for the study. The average age was 39.64�.5 years, with more female (65.45%) representation. 29% of individuals reported continued use of traditional practices while seeking care for the brain infections. Costs associated with care increased with the increase in duration of infection. There are major barriers and facilitators which either prohibit or facilitate care for persons with acute brain infections. Conclusions: Acute brain infections continuing to be a public health challenge in developing country context, and the recognition that the delay in treatment causes significant disability, it becomes imperative to focus on the social, cultural, economic, environmental factors to understand the barriers and facilitators to health seeking among this population.
الملخص
Background: Obesity is of huge concern worldwide. Bariatric surgery is effective in managing morbid obesity and its associated complications. Physiotherapy plays a crucial role in the pre-operative as well as postoperative phases of bariatric surgery. Lack of physical activity in patients who are obese, patients who are posted for bariatric surgery and those who have undergone bariatric surgery can be accounted to a lot of factors. Identifying their perceived level of physical activity along with the facilitators, barriers and beliefs will help in addressing these issues and thereby increasing adherence to physical activity.Objective: To evaluateperceived level, along with barriers, enablers and beliefs of physical activity in patients posted for bariatric surgery. We also evaluated their awareness about the role of physiotherapy in pre and post-operative phases of bariatric surgery.Method:A questionnaire was designed to gain an insight aboutfactors contributing as barriers and enablers, under the domains of physical, psychological, interpersonal and environmental. It also included perceived level and the existing level of physical activity in the study participants.Questions were also designed to understand their awareness about the role of physiotherapy in the pre and post bariatric surgery phase. It was administered to patients posted for bariatric surgery on an interview basis. Sample size was calculated to be 96. The data was then analysed and represented as descriptive statistics.Results: All study participants failed to meet the recommended level of physical activity. The predominant barriers perceived by the study participants belonged to physical, psychological and interpersonal domains; whereas environmental barriers were found to be of least significance. 72.92% of the study participants lacked the knowledge about the role of physiotherapy in the pre-operative phase of bariatric surgery.Conclusions:Interpersonal, physical and psychological being the predominant barriers faced by the study participants highlight the scope of physiotherapeutic intervention. Also these factors can be modified at an individual level, thereby improving the adherence. There is lack of awareness about the role of physiotherapy in the pre-operative phase of bariatric surgery. Thus there is need to increase awareness about the role of physiotherapy in managing obesity and related complications in pre and post-op phases of bariatric surgery.
الملخص
@#Cervical cancer is a worldwide health issue. Each year, it kills hundreds of thousands of women worldwide. Despite the availability of screening tests, the incidence of cervical cancer remains high in low and middle-income countries. In this review, we survey the current literature on factors affecting cervical cancer screening uptake among women in low and middle-income countries. It also highlights potential strategies for improving screening uptake and suggests directions for future research. Knowledge about cervical cancer and its screening, socio-demographic factors, personal and behavioural factors, cultural factors and beliefs, and health service factors are considered the main barriers and facilitators to cervical cancer screening uptake among women in low and middle-income countries. Understanding the facilitators and barriers to cervical cancer screening encountered by women in low and middle-income countries can improve screening uptake by overcoming inequalities in resource and information access. Culturally sensitive screening programs, improvement of the health system, and health education interventions to raise awareness of screening and its benefits can be effective strategies to improve screening uptake among women in low and middle-income countries.
الملخص
Objetivo: describir los principales facilitadores y barreras presentados en la población con parálisis cerebral (PC) y cómo estos ayudan o dificultan la práctica de actividad física. Metodología: se realizó una revisión sistemática de los últimos 10 años siguiendo lo expuesto en la declaración PRISMA, para lo que se utilizaron las bases de datos Web of Science, Scopus y PubMed. La estrategia de búsqueda arrojó un total de 99 documentos de los que finalmente fueron seleccionados 11 estudios. Resultados: los estudios establecen que existe una variedad de factores fisiológicos, psicológicos, sociales y macro ambientales que actúan tanto para promover como inhibir la participación en el deporte y el ejercicio en adolescentes con PC. Por otro lado, los facilitadores que más se dan a conocer, son la familia como foco principal, acompañada de su entorno y la estimulación temprana realizada desde que son pequeños. Conclusión: las barreras son un aspecto modificable y que pueden ser disminuidas con el objetivo de potenciar los facilitadores para aumentar la práctica de actividad física siendo duradera en el tiempo. Las principales barreras son la falta de acceso, los cambios en su cuerpo respecto a la práctica de actividad física, factores medioambientales, falta de profesionales que estén relacionados con el área, y el acceso a la actividad física en ambientes y espacios seguros. La familia juega un rol fundamental desde edades tempranas para incentivar a los niños, niñas o adolescentes con PC a realizar actividades físicas y/o deportivas.
Objective: To describe the main facilitators and barriers presented in population with cerebral palsy (PC) and how they help or hinder the practice of physical activity. Methods: A systematic review of the last 10 years was carried out, following what was stated in the PRISMA declaration, for which the Web of Science, Scopus and PubMed databases were used. The search strategy yielded a total of 99 documents where 11 studies were finally selected. Results: Studies have established that there are a variety of macro physiological, psychological, social, and environmental factors that both promote and inhibit participation in sport and exercise in adolescents with PC. On the other hand, the most common facilitators in the research are the family as the main focus, accompanied by their environment and the early stimulation that they get from an early age. Conclusion: Barriers are a modifiable aspect which can be reduced to empower facilitators that increase the practice of physical activity, being sustainable over time. The main barriers are lack of access, changes in the body regarding the practice of physical activity, environmental factors, lack of professionals who are related to the field, and access to physical activity in safe environments and spaces. Family plays a fundamental role from an early age in encouraging children or adolescents with CP to carry out physical and/or sports activities.
Objetivo: Descrever os principais facilitadores e barreiras que ocorrem na população com paralisia cerebral (PC) e como eles auxiliam ou dificultam a prática de atividade física. Metodologia: Realizou-se uma revisão sistemática dos últimos 10 anos seguindo o estabelecido na declaração PRISMA, para a qual foram utilizadas as bases de dados Web of Science, Scopus e PubMed. A estratégia de busca lançou um total de 99 documentos dos quais 11 estudos foram finalmente selecionados. Resultados: Os estudos estabeleceram que há uma variedade de fatores fisiológicos, psicológicos, sociais e macroambientais que atuam tanto para promover quanto para inibir a participação em esportes e exercícios em adolescentes com PC. Por outro lado, os facilitadores mais conhecidos na variedade de estudos têm como eixo principal a família, acompanhada de seu ambiente e da estimulação precoce que desenvolveram desde a infância. Conclusão: As barreiras são um aspecto modificável que pode ser reduzido com o objetivo de capacitar os facilitadores para aumentar a prática de atividade física de forma duradoura. As principais barreiras são a falta de acesso, as alterações em seus corpos devido à prática de atividade física, fatores ambientais, a falta de profissionais relacionados à área e o acesso à atividade física em ambientes e espaços seguros. A família desempenha desde cedo um papel fundamental para estimular as crianças e adolescentes com PC a realizarem atividades físicas e/ou esportivas.
الموضوعات
Humans , Child, Preschool , Child , Adolescent , Young Adult , Cerebral Palsyالملخص
Background: India Hypertension Control Initiative (IHCI) was launched in 2017 to improve the control rate of hypertensive patients on treatment. Thiruvananthapuram was one of the 26 districts in the coun-try where the programme was initially rolled out. Methods: A qualitative cross-sectional study was conducted among stakeholders involved in the imple-mentation of IHCI of Thiruvananthapuram district. Purposive sampling method was used for the selec-tion of samples. A total of 25 in-depth interviews were carried out. Results: The major facilitators which propelled hypertension control were uniformity in drug prescrip-tion, proper documentation of patient data along with indicators for measuring control rates and a de-faulter tracking mechanism. Clinical inertia among doctors, increased workload and sending of bystand-ers for monthly follow-up are the major barriers that affected hypertension control. Conclusions: Replication of good practices performed under IHCI into similar health settings or pro-grammes can be encouraged. Apart from the few barriers seen at the programme level, the already exist-ing barriers at the health system level need to be addressed immediately through efforts such as e-Health incorporation and trainings.
الملخص
Introducción: La discapacidad se considera un problema de salud a nivel mundial. Las personas con discapacidad física son susceptibles de padecer distintos problemas de salud. A pesar de ser un grupo priorizado, el acceso a los servicios de salud es menor que el de la población en general, debido a barreras de distintos tipos. Objetivo: Describir las barreras y facilitadores de acceso a la atención primaria de salud en personas con discapacidad física. Métodos: Se realizó una revisión bibliográfica cuya metodología estuvo basada en la búsqueda, selección, revisión, interpretación y síntesis de la evidencia científica relacionada con el problema de investigación. Se utilizó como fuente de literatura científica primaria la publicada en las bases de datos Scielo, Redalyc, Latindex y PudMed en los últimos 5 años, con los términos de búsqueda MeSH en idoma español, inglés y portugués. Desarrollo: Se identificó un total de 67 documentos de los cuales se empleó 46 en la investigación realizada. Los restantes 21 manuscritos fueron excluidos por presentar deficiencias metodológicas que limitaban su utilización. Las principales barreras son las condiciones físicas de las unidades de salud; el funcionamiento del Sistema de Salud; el acceso de las personas con discapacidad a la atención primaria de salud; y las características del paciente y su entorno familiar. El principal facilitador es el relacionado con el Sistema de Salud. Conclusiones: El acceso de las personas con discapacidad física a los servicios de salud está condicionado por situaciones que se interpretan como barreras o facilitadores. En este sentido los factores relacionados con el sistema de salud nacional y con las características y el entorno de la persona con discapacidad pueden comportarse como barrera o como facilitador, en dependencia de su expresión(AU)
Introduction: Disability is considered a health problem worldwide. People with physical disabilities are susceptible to different health problems. Despite being a prioritized group, access to health services is lower than that of the general population, conditioned by the presence of different types of barriers. Objective: To describe the barriers and facilitators of access to primary health care in people with physical disabilities. Methods: A bibliographic review was carried out whose methodology was based on the search, selection, review, interpretation and synthesis of the scientific evidence related to the research problem. It was used as a source of primary scientific literature published in the databases Scielo, Redalyc, Latindex and PudMed in the last 5 years, with the MeSH search terms in Spanish, English and Portuguese. Results: A total of 67 documents were identified, of which 46 were used in the research carried out. The remaining 21 manuscripts were excluded due to methodological deficiencies that limited their use. Conclusions: The access of people with physical disabilities to health services is conditioned by situations that are interpreted as barriers or facilitators. In this sense, the factors related to the national health system and the characteristics and environment of the person with a disability can act as a barrier or as a facilitator, depending on their expression(AU)
الموضوعات
Humans , Male , Femaleالملخص
INTRODUCCIÓN: Los ambientes alimentarios determinan en gran medida el comportamiento alimentario de la población, por lo que se asocian a la epidemia de obesidad. Es responsabilidad de los Estados formular e implementar políticas para intervenir los ambientes alimentarios obesogénicos. El éxito de las políticas dependerá de factores que actúan como barreras o facilitadores. OBJETIVO: Identificar las barreras y facilitadores que se presentan al formular e implementar políticas públicas que aborden los ambientes alimentarios obesogénicos. MATERIAL Y MÉTODO: Estudio secundario en base a revisión narrativa. La identificación, tamizaje y selección de los artículos publicados se guio por el diagrama PRISMA. Para la identificación se recurrió a las bases de datos electrónicas PubMed, Scielo, Scopus y Web of Science (WOS), ingresando campos de búsqueda y palabras clave. En el tamizaje se eliminaron los duplicados y se aplicaron criterios de inclusión. La calidad metodológica de los estudios elegibles se evaluó con el protocolo CASPe. RESULTADOS: Se revisaron estudios cualitativos que usaron entrevistas a actores claves. Las barreras identificadas para el proceso de formulación de políticas de ambientes alimentarios obesogénicos son el impacto económico negativo, falta de evidencia científica sobre la efectividad de las políticas, influencia de la industria alimentaria, debilidades de coordinación y cooperación técnica. Los facilitadores identificados son el compromiso político de los Estados con las agencias internacionales, enfoque de trabajo conjunto con la industria alimentaria y el apoyo académico. CONCLUSIÓN: La formulación de políticas para intervenir ambientes alimentarios obesogénicos está especialmente limitada por la industria alimentaria. Es relevante generar evidencia científica del impacto que, las regulaciones implementadas, han tenido en los factores económicos y sobre la salud de la población. La colaboración entre gobiernos e industria alimentaria, podría derivar políticas que, además de impactar positivamente la salud de la población, sean una oportunidad para el sector privado y la generación de empleo.
INTRODUCTION: Food environments largely determine the eating behavior of the population, which is why they are associated with the obesity epidemic. It is the responsibility of States to formulate and implement policies to intervene in obesogenic food environments. The success of the policies will depend on factors that act as barriers or facilitators. OBJECTIVE: To identify the barriers and facilitators for the formulation and implementation of public policies that address obesogenic food environments. MATERIAL AND METHOD: Secondary study based on narrative review. The identification, screening and selection of published articles was guided by the PRISMA diagram. For the identification, the electronic databases PubMed, Scielo, Scopus and Web of Science (WOS) were used, entering search fields and keywords. In the screening, duplicates were eliminated and inclusion criteria were applied. The methodological quality of eligible studies was assessed using the CASPe protocol. RESULTS: Qualitative studies that used interviews with key actors were reviewed. The barriers identified for the process of formulating policies on obesogenic food environments are the negative economic impact, lack of scientific evidence on the effectiveness of policies, influence of the food industry, weaknesses in coordination and technical cooperation. The identified facilitators are the political commitment of the States with international agencies, a joint work approach with the food industry and academic support. CONCLUSION: Policymaking to intervene in obesogenic food environments is especially limited by the food industry. It is relevant to generate scientific evidence of the impact that the implemented regulations have had on economic factors and on the health of the population. Collaboration between governments and the food industry could derive policies that, in addition to having a positive impact on the health of the population, would mean an opportunity for the private sector and the generation of employment.
الموضوعات
Humans , Public Policy , Environment , Food , Obesity/prevention & control , Food Industry , Nutrition Policyالملخص
@#Telehealth has become an alternative service delivery of different healthcare professionals, including occupational therapists, upon the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic. Occupational therapists have adapted to this platform to deliver service in response to the global crisis. This conceptual framework explores the facilitators of occupational therapy evaluation provided via telehealth. It aims to provide insights to clinicians and clients in engaging tele-evaluation. It also aims to establish primary considerations to ensure a thorough evaluation process. The Tele-Evaluation Facilitators Model (TFM) describes the occupational therapy evaluation in the therapy setting. It outlines the OT evaluation process, adapting it to the telehealth setting. The process emphasizes the importance of client-caregiver interaction in creating and achieving occupational therapy goals. Moreover, surrounding the tele-evaluation process, the model highlights the facilitators of tele-evaluation, enabling a comprehensive evaluation process despite the challenges and barriers of this alternative service delivery. Across practice settings, the COVID-19 pandemic necessitated a shift in service delivery to telehealth, and occupational therapists adapted accordingly. Evaluation frameworks exist for telehealth services, but none are unique to occupational therapy evaluation. As a result, an occupational therapy framework that highlights the facilitators of telehealth evaluation will benefit occupational therapy. TFM consists of three domain areas: (1) Family Involvement, (2) Accessibility, (3) Professional Development. This framework promotes telehealth evaluation to clinicians and clients who have hesitations and difficulties in this service delivery model.
الموضوعات
Telemedicine , Occupational Therapyالملخص
@#Aims: Aims: When attending family members, the procedure for the resuscitation of cardiac arrest patients remains controversial. There have been conflicts on why healthcare professionals, should include the family during resuscitation. This systematic review seeks to identify the barriers and facilitators related to the FWR of adult patients at Emergency Department. Design: A systematic review was conducted on ten studies. This review utilized a clearly formulated research question then the data was gathered and analysed from the included studies. Data Source: Studies on the barriers and facilitators related to allowing family members to attend were included during January 2020 to May 2020. Methods: A systematic review of studies that investigate the barriers and facilitators of the FWR of adult patients at emergency department. All studies evaluated the barriers and facilitators related to allowing family members to attend cardiopulmonary resuscitation. This systematic review was registered in PROSPERO with the registration number CRD42020169383. Results: This review has demonstrated that the facilitators reduce conflict and provide a supportive presence that builds the emotional adequacy and closure related to the resuscitation. These policies can eliminate barriers, such as conflicts in EDs and negative attitudes, and expedite the accommodation of the professional as well as individual staff’s needs during witnessed resuscitation.
الملخص
To explore the barriers and facilitators of shared decision making, 23 clinicians were selected for semi-structured interviews by purpose sampling and convenience sampling with phenomenological methods in qualitative research, and 7-step of Colaizzi was used to analyze the interview data. Three themes and twelve subthemes were extracted, included: individual factors of doctors (role cognition, perceived outcomes, communication skills, clinical expertise, cognitive bias) , individual factors of patients (general information, lack of disease knowledge, willingness to participate in decision making) and environmental factors (clinical situation, social environment, resources and social influence) . There were many barriers and facilitators in the implementation of doctor-patient shared decision making. It is necessary to scientifically analyze and actively deal with the influence of each factor, and find reasonable countermeasures to promote the clinical implementation of shared decision making.
الملخص
Introduction. Patients' non-adherence to antiretroviral treatment remains a public health concern in many developing countries, especially in South Africa. Objectives: The objective of the study was to explore the barriers and facilitators of patients' ART adherence in one health care facility in Mpumalanga Province, South Africa. Methods: A qualitative, exploratory, and descriptive design was employed to collect data using a semi-structured interview guide through individual in-depth interviews among twenty (20) purposively selected patients. The thematic analysis approach was used to generate themes from the data. Results: A majority of the participants were female (n=12, 60%), married (n=13, 65%), and employed (n=12, 60%). Barriers to ART adherence include insufficient medical staff at the health center and waiting time being too long. Facilitators included service providers' positive attitude, clear instructions for taking medication, benefits of adhering to ART, and dangers of defaulting treatment. Conclusion: Barriers and facilitators for adherence included several factors related to the health system, health care workers, and the patients. Achievement of optimal adherence to ART requires the commitment of both patients and providers
الموضوعات
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome , HIV , Patient Compliance , Anti-Retroviral Agents , South Africa , Glucose Transport Proteins, Facilitative , Barriers to Access of Health Servicesالملخص
ABSTRACT Objective to identify the facilitating factors and barriers that influence patient involvement in hospital services. Method integrative review; search of articles published between January 2011 and December 2020, in the electronic databases PubMed, Web of Science, Cinahl, Lilacs and Scopus, using descriptors related to "patient involvement", Barriers, Facilitators, in English, Spanish and Portuguese. Data collection was performed from May to June 2021, identifying 32 publications that met the inclusion criteria. Results the analysis resulted in three categories of facilitating factors and barriers: communication, actors of involvement and organizational culture, allowing the elaboration of a theoretical model of patient involvement. This model shows that in the centrality of the process are the actors involved, that is, patients and professionals, inserted in an organizational context, being influenced by leadership, culture, environment, available resources and processes, where communication permeates as a basis for involvement. Conclusion the facilitating factors and barriers identified in this review, synthesized in a theoretical model, allow transcending theoretical knowledge for practice. The complexity to operationalize this model requires patients, professionals, health services and society join forces to make this theoretical proposition a practice incorporated by the services.
RESUMEN Objetivo incidir en los factores y barreras de la implicación del paciente en los servicios hospitalarios. Método revisión integradora; búsqueda de artículos publicados entre enero de 2011 y diciembre de 2020, en las bases de datos electrónicas PubMed, Web of Science, Cinahl, Lilacs y Scopus, utilizando descriptores relacionados con "involucramiento del paciente", Barreras, Facilitadores, en inglés, español y portugués. La recolección de datos se realizó de mayo a junio de 2021, identificándose 32 publicaciones que cumplieron con los criterios de inclusión. Resultados el análisis resultó en las tres categorías de facilitadores y barreras: comunicación, factores de involucramiento y cultura organizacional, permitiendo la elaboración de un modelo teórico de involucramiento. Este modelo muestra que en la centralidad del proceso están los actores involucrados, es decir, pacientes y profesionales, insertos en un contexto organizacional, siendo influenciados por el liderazgo, la cultura, el ambiente, los recursos disponibles y los procesos, donde la comunicación permea como base para el involucramiento. Conclusión los factores y barreras identificados en esta revisión sintetizados en un modelo teórico, permiten trascender el conocimiento teórico para la práctica. La complejidad para operacionalizar este modelo requiere que los pacientes, los profesionales, los servicios de salud y la sociedad se unan para hacer de esta propuesta teórica una práctica incorporada por los servicios.
RESUMO Objetivo identificar os fatores facilitadores e as barreiras que influenciam no envolvimento do paciente nos serviços hospitalares. Método revisão integrativa; realizada busca de artigos publicados entre janeiro de 2011 e dezembro de 2020, nas bases eletrônicas PubMed, Web of Science, Cinahl, Lilacs e Scopus, utilizando descritores relacionados a "patient involvement", Barriers, Facilitators, nos idiomas inglês, espanhol e português. Coleta de dados realizada de maio a junho de 2021, identificando-se 32 publicações que atenderam aos critérios de inclusão. Resultados a análise resultou em três categorias de fatores facilitadores e barreiras: comunicação, atores do envolvimento e cultura organizacional, permitindo a elaboração de um modelo teórico de envolvimento do paciente. Esse modelo mostra que na centralidade do processo estão os atores envolvidos, ou seja, pacientes e profissionais, inseridos em um contexto organizacional, sendo influenciados pela liderança, cultura, ambiente, recursos disponíveis e processos, onde a comunicação perpassa como base para o envolvimento. Conclusão os fatores facilitadores e as barreiras identificadas nesta revisão, sintetizados num modelo teórico, permitem transcender o conhecimento teórico para a prática. A complexidade para operacionalizar esse modelo requer que pacientes, profissionais, serviços de saúde e sociedade unam os esforços para tornar esta proposição teórica em uma prática incorporada pelos serviços.
الموضوعات
Patient Participation , Ancillary Services, Hospital , Review , Health Resources , Community Participationالملخص
@#<p style="text-align: justify;"><strong>Objectives:</strong> The Pharmacy DOTS Initiative (PDI) was relaunched on a larger scale in 2014 through the Innovations and Multi-Sectoral Partnerships to Achieve Control of Tuberculosis (IMPACT) project. This paper aimed to assess the PDI program through IMPACT by identifying the facilitating and hindering factors in its implementation. The identified factors are classified as to the affected stakeholders or processes.</p><p style="text-align: justify;"><strong>Methods:</strong> Semi-structured interviews were conducted with the PDI Program Manager and four NTP coordinators from selected project sites. Thematic analysis was done to determine the recurring facilitating and hindering factors as identified by the key informants.</p><p style="text-align: justify;"><strong>Results:</strong> Facilitating factors identified include cooperation of the stakeholders, capability-building and a good referral system. The barriers to the implementation were grouped into patient-related, pharmacy-related, health center-related, program-related as well as external factors.</p><p style="text-align: justify;"><strong>Conclusion:</strong> The referral system created through PDI facilitated the flow of referrals starting from the pharmacy. This enabled presumptive patients to have access to health facilities for TB. Hindering factors contributed to the inability of the engaged pharmacies to sustain their consistency and commitment in conducting the PDI interventions.</p><p style="text-align: justify;"><strong>Key Words:</strong> barriers, facilitators, tuberculosis, directly observed therapy, program evaluation, pharmacy</p>
الموضوعات
Tuberculosis , Directly Observed Therapy , Program Evaluation , Pharmacyالملخص
Aim:The study aimed to explore factors related to the initiation and utilization of focused antenatal care (FANC)in the Southern District of Mzimba,Malawi.Methods:This study used an exploratory qualitative design.Total of 22 in-depth interviews with pregnant women and community midwife assistants were conducted from December 2015 to January 2016 in Mzimba.Thematic analysis approach was adopted to identify the facilitator and barriers of the FANC initiation and utilization.Results:Facilitator of FANC initiation and utilization included seeking pregnancy confirmation,medical treatment for an existing health problem and the support by community health extension workers.Barriers included the additional cost to free FANC service,lack of essential equipment,unfriendly adolescent reproductive health service,and HIV stigma.Conclusion:Early initiation of FANC relies on both woman's awareness and community support.Promoting the use of FANC should focus on creating an enabling environment,e.g.,increasing investment of essential med-ical equipment,reducing additional costs of FANG services,eliminating the discrimination against adolescent pregnancy and people living with HIV,and strengthening health personnel's training.