الملخص
ABSTRACT Objective To assess knowledge on sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) prevention among postpartum women who received prenatal care in public and private services in Rio Grande, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, in 2019. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted with postpartum women who gave birth in that municipality in 2019; the outcome was the indication of incorrect sleeping position (side/supine position) to prevent SIDS; the chi-square test was used to compare proportions between those who underwent prenatal care in public and private services. Results Among all 2,195 postpartum women, 67.7% (95%CI 65.7;69.6) were unaware of the position that prevents SIDS, 71.6% were public care service users; 77.8% of them feared choking/suffocation; 1.9% were informed about SIDS during prenatal care; doctors/nurses (70.5%) and grandmothers (65.1%) were influential regarding the baby's sleeping position. Conclusion Most postpartum women were unaware of the sleeping position that prevents SIDS, especially those receiving care in the public sector; in general, this subject is not discussed in prenatal care.
RESUMEN Objetivo Evaluar el conocimiento sobre la prevención del síndrome de muerte súbita del lactante (SMSL) entre puérperas que realizaron prenatal en servicios públicos y privados en Rio Grande, Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil, en 2019. Métodos Estudio transversal, con puérperas que dieron a luz en Rio Grande, en 2019; el resultado consistió en la indicación de posición incorrecta para dormir (lado/supino) para prevenir el SMSL; utilizando chi-cuadrado, se compararon las proporciones entre mujeres que recibieron atención prenatal en servicios públicos y privados. Resultados Entre las 2.195 puérperas, 67,7% (IC95% 65,7;69,6) desconocían como se previene el SMSL, estando el 71,6%, en la red pública; 77,8% temía asfixiarse/ahogarse; el 1,9% fue informado sobre el SMSL durante el prenatal; los médicos(as)/enfermeros(as) (70,5%) y los abuelos (65,1%) influyeron en la posición para dormir del bebé. Conclusión La mayoría de las puérperas desconocían la posición que previene el SMSL, especialmente en la red pública; en general, este tema no está cubierto en la atención prenatal.
RESUMO Objetivo Avaliar o conhecimento sobre prevenção da síndrome da morte súbita do lactente (SMSL) entre puérperas com pré-natal realizado nos serviços público e privado de Rio Grande, Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil, 2019. Métodos Estudo transversal, com puérperas do município; seu desfecho constituiuse da indicação de posição incorreta para dormir (decúbito lateral ou dorsal), visando prevenir a SMSL; utilizou-se o teste qui-quadrado para comparar proporções do desfecho e de exposição entre puérperas que realizaram pré-natal nos serviços público e privado. Resultados De 2.195 puérperas, 67,7% (IC95% 65,7;69,6), majoritariamente atendidas na rede pública (71,6%), desconheciam a posição preventiva da SMSL; 77,8% temiam engasgo/afogamento; 1,9% foram informadas sobre SMSL no pré-natal; médicos(as)/enfermeiros(as) (70,5%) e avós (65,1%) mostraram-se influentes na decisão sobre como posicionar o bebê adormecido. Conclusão A maioria das puérperas, especialmente as atendidas na rede pública, desconhecia a posição que previne SMSL; geralmente, o tema não é abordado no pré-natal.
الملخص
Objetivo: avaliar a validade de conteuÌdo e a semaÌntica de um inqueÌrito sobre conhecimentos, atitudes e praÌticas das avoÌs no contexto da amamentaçaÌo. MeÌtodos: pesquisa metodoloÌgica, de validaçaÌo de conteuÌdo de inqueÌrito Conhecimentos, Atitudes e PraÌticas (CAP) por especialistas e anaÌlise semaÌntica por meio da compreensibilidade dos itens pelas avoÌs de crianças em amamentaçaÌo. Foram calculados os iÌndices de validade de conteuÌdo, dos itens e da escala, e teste binomial. Para anaÌlise semaÌntica foram calculadas as frequeÌncias absolutas e as relativas da compreensaÌo dos itens. Resultados: participaram 22 especialistas, e dez avoÌs. O iÌndice de validade de conteuÌdo do inqueÌrito CAP tanto para versaÌo preÌ-teste como poÌs-teste foi de 0,94. Uma questaÌo da versaÌo preÌ-teste e duas questoÌes da versaÌo poÌs-teste naÌo alcançaram compreensaÌo > 90%. Foi excluiÌda uma questaÌo do inqueÌrito e 21 foram reformuladas, resultando em 45 itens distribuiÌdos em treÌs domiÌnios: conhecimentos (23 itens), atitudes (oito itens) e praÌticas (14 itens). ConclusaÌo:as versoÌes finais do preÌ e poÌs-teste do inqueÌrito de conhecimentos, atitudes e praÌticas das avoÌs sobre a amamentaçaÌo, alcançaram validade de conteuÌdo e de semaÌntica compatiÌvel para sua utilizaçaÌo.
Objective: assessing the content and semantic validity of a survey on grandmothers' knowledge, attitudes, and practices in the context of breastfeeding. Methods: methodological research for content validation of a Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices (KAP) survey by experts and semantic analysis through the comprehensibility of the items by grandmothers of breastfeeding children. Content validity indices were calculated for the items and the scale, as well as the binomial test. Absolute and relative frequencies of understanding of the items were calculated for the semantic analysis. Results: participants were 22 experts and ten grandmothers. The content validity index of the KAP survey for both the pre-test and post-test versions was 0.94. One question in the pre-test version and two questions in the post-test version did not reach > 90% comprehension. One question was excluded from the survey and 21 were reworded, resulting in 45 items distributed into three domains: knowledge (23 items), attitudes (8 items), and practices (14 items). Conclusion: the final pre- and post-test versions of the survey of grandmothers' knowledge, attitudes, and practices on breastfeeding achieved content and semantic validity compatible with its use.
Objetivo: evaluacioÌn de la validez semaÌntica y de contenido de una encuesta sobre conocimientos, actitudes y praÌcticas de las abuelas en el contexto de la lactancia materna. MeÌtodos: investigacioÌn metodoloÌgica, validacioÌn del contenido de la encuesta Conocimiento, Actitudes y PraÌcticas (CAP) por expertos y anaÌlisis semaÌntico a traveÌs de la comprensibilidad de los iÌtems por abuelas de ninÌos lactantes. Se calcularon iÌndices de validez de contenido para los iÌtems y la escala, asiÌ como la prueba binomial. Para el anaÌlisis semaÌntico, se calcularon las frecuencias absolutas y relativas de comprensioÌn de los iÌtems. Resultados: participaron 22 expertos y diez abuelas. El iÌndice de validez de contenido de la encuesta CAP, tanto para la versioÌn pre-test como para la post-test, fue de 0,94. Una pregunta de la versioÌn pre-test y dos preguntas de la versioÌn post-test no alcanzaron > 90% de comprensioÌn. Se excluyoÌ una pregunta de la encuesta y se reformularon 21, con lo que se obtuvieron 45 iÌtems distribuidos en tres aÌmbitos: conocimientos (23 iÌtems), actitudes (8 iÌtems) y praÌcticas (14 iÌtems). ConclusioÌn: las versiones finales pre y post de la encuesta sobre conocimientos, actitudes y praÌcticas de las abuelas en materia de lactancia materna alcanzaron validez de contenido y semaÌntica compatible con su uso.
الموضوعات
Humans , Femaleالملخص
Resumo Objetivo Investigar as opiniões e atitudes dos estudantes de enfermagem no papel de pacientes ou familiares de pacientes, a respeito do comportamento de higiene das mãos dos profissionais de saúde e da participação dos pacientes na campanha de higiene das mãos. Métodos Estudo transversal prospectivo realizado entre 2021-2022 no Nursing Department, Faculty of Health Sciences, de duas universidades turcas. A amostra do estudo foi composta por 330 alunos. Os dados foram coletados por meio de questionário autoaplicável. A taxa de resposta do questionário foi de 89,43%. O teste qui-quadrado foi utilizado na análise dos dados. Resultados A média de idade dos estudantes foi de 19,80±1,30 anos, 76,1% eram do sexo feminino, 50,9% afirmaram ter recebido instrução sobre Infecções Associadas aos Cuidados de Saúde (IACS). Enquanto 30,1% dos estudantes relataram realizar a higiene das mãos "9 a 11 vezes" em sua vida diária, 54,6% relataram "12 a 15 vezes" no hospital, e 96,4% dos estudantes se perguntaram se os profissionais de saúde realizavam a higiene das mãos antes de fornecer cuidados durante as internações. De acordo com 30,5% dos estudantes, lembretes dos pacientes e seus familiares sobre a realização da higiene das mãos antes do contato com os pacientes os deixariam satisfeitos. Houve diferença estatisticamente significativa entre a instrução anterior dos estudantes sobre IACS e a higiene das mãos como cuidado importante a pacientes hospitalizados (p<0,05). Conclusão Os estudantes de enfermagem apresentaram conhecimento suficiente sobre a higiene das mãos e uma atitude positiva frente aos comportamentos de higiene das mãos dos profissionais de saúde. Estudantes de enfermagem como pacientes e familiares dos pacientes podem ser incluídos nas campanhas de higiene das mãos dos profissionais de saúde, desde que as etapas do programa sejam bem planejadas.
Resumen Objetivo Investigar las opiniones y actitudes de los estudiantes de enfermería en el papel de pacientes o familiares de pacientes respecto al comportamiento de higiene de manos de los profesionales de la salud y de la participación de los pacientes en la campaña de higiene de manos. Métodos Estudio transversal prospectivo realizado entre 2021 y 2022 en el Nursing Department, Faculty of Health Sciences, de dos universidades turcas. La muestra del estudio estuvo compuesta por 330 alumnos. Los datos se recopilaron mediante cuestionario autoaplicado. El índice de respuesta del cuestionario fue de 89,43 %. Se utilizó la prueba ji cuadrado en el análisis de los datos. Resultados El promedio de edad de los estudiantes fue de 19,80±1,30 años, el 76,1 % era de sexo femenino, el 50,9 % afirmó haber recibido instrucción sobre infecciones asociadas a los cuidados de la salud (IACS). Mientras el 30,1 % de los estudiantes relató realizar la higiene de manos "9 a 11 veces" en su vida diaria, el 54,6 % relató "12 a 15 veces" en el hospital, el 96,4 % de los estudiantes se preguntó si los profesionales de la salud realizaban la higiene de manos antes de brindar cuidados durante las internaciones. El 30,5 % de los estudiantes estuvo satisfecho con los recordatorios de los pacientes y sus familiares sobre la realización de la higiene de manos antes del contacto con los pacientes. Hubo diferencia estadísticamente significativa entre la instrucción anterior de los estudiantes sobre IACS y la higiene de manos como cuidado importante en pacientes hospitalizados (p<0,05). Conclusión Los estudiantes de enfermería presentaron conocimientos suficientes sobre la higiene de manos y una actitud positiva frente a los comportamientos de higiene de manos de los profesionales de la salud. Puede incluirse a los estudiantes de enfermería como pacientes y familiares de los pacientes en las campañas de higiene de manos de los profesionales de la salud, siempre que las etapas del programa estén bien planificadas.
Abstract Objective To investigate the views and attitudes of nursing students, as patients or relatives, on healthcare professionals' hand hygiene behavior and patient participation hand hygiene campaign. Methods This prospective cross-sectional study was conducted in the nursing departments of the health and science faculties at two Turkish universities between 2021-2022. The study sample comprised 330 students. Data were collected using a self-administered questionnaire. The response rate of the questionnaire was 89.43%. Chi-square test was used in data analysis. Results The mean age of students was 19.80±1.30 years, 76.1% were female, 50.9% stated they had received education regarding healthcare-associated infections (HAI). While 30.1% of students reported they performed hand hygiene "9-11 times" in their daily lives, 54.6% reported performing "12-15 times" in the hospital, and 96.4% of students expressed wondering if healthcare professionals performed hand hygiene before offering care during hospitalizations. Among students, 30.5% stated that reminders from patients and their relatives about performing hand hygiene before contact with patients would make them happy. There was a statistically significant difference between students' previous training in HAIs and hand hygiene as an important inpatient care (p<0.05). Conclusion Nursing students had sufficient knowledge of hand hygiene and a positive attitude towards hand hygiene behaviors of healthcare professionals. Nursing students, such as patients and their relatives, can be included in hand hygiene campaigns for healthcare professionals, provided that the program steps are well planned.
الموضوعات
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Students, Nursing , Infection Control/methods , Health Personnel , Hand Hygiene , Hospitalization , Cross-Sectional Studies , Surveys and Questionnairesالملخص
Resumo Objetivo Validar um inquérito de conhecimento, atitude e prática sobre medidas preventivas da COVID-19 para os funcionários do sistema penitenciário, fundamentado na teoria ambientalista. Métodos Estudo metodológico desenvolvido em quatro etapas: estabelecimento da estrutura conceitual, elaboração do instrumento, validação do conteúdo por juízes e avaliação da aparência pelo público-alvo. O conteúdo de cada item foi validado quanto a objetividade, clareza e relevância. A aparência do inquérito foi avaliada quanto ao objetivo, a organização, ao estilo da escrita e a motivação. Utilizou-se o coeficiente de validação de conteúdo para avaliar a concordância entre os juízes e entre o público-alvo. Os dados foram analisados por meio de distribuições brutas, percentuais, medidas de posição e de dispersão. O índice alfa de Cronbach foi utilizado para analisar a consistência das avaliações dos juízes e do público-alvo. Resultados Quanto ao conteúdo e a aparência, os requisitos avaliados obtiveram concordância superior a 0,9. Na avaliação da consistência, obteve-se índice alfa de Cronbach > 0,9 e > 0,7, quanto ao conteúdo e à aparência, respectivamente, indicando que juízes e público-alvo tenderam a fazer avaliações similares. Conclusão O inquérito apresentou validade de conteúdo e aparência para a coleta de dados referentes a conhecimento, atitude e prática sobre prevenção da COVID-19, para os funcionários do sistema penitenciário, indicando que poderá contribuir para o planejamento e a avaliação de ações de educação em saúde.
Resumen Objetivo Validar un estudio de conocimiento, actitud y práctica sobre medidas preventivas de COVID-19 para los empleados del sistema penitenciario, fundamentado en la teoría ambientalista. Métodos Estudio metodológico llevado a cabo en cuatro etapas: establecimiento de la estructura conceptual, elaboración del instrumento, validación del contenido por jueces y evaluación de la apariencia por el público destinatario. Se validó el contenido de cada ítem respecto a la objetividad, claridad y relevancia. Se evaluó la apariencia del estudio respecto al objetivo, la organización, el estilo de escritura y la motivación. Se utilizó el coeficiente de validez de contenido para evaluar la concordancia entre los jueces y entre el público destinatario. Los datos se analizaron mediante distribuciones brutas, porcentajes, medidas de posición y de dispersión. Se utilizó el índice alfa de Cronbach para analizar la consistencia de las evaluaciones de los jueces y del público destinatario. Resultados Respecto al contenido y a la apariencia, los requisitos evaluados obtuvieron concordancia superior a 0,9. En la evaluación de la consistencia, se obtuvo un índice alfa de Cronbach > 0,9 respecto al contenido y > 0,7 respecto a la apariencia, lo que indica la tendencia de los jueces y del público destinatario a realizar evaluaciones similares. Conclusión El estudio presentó validez de contenido y apariencia para la recopilación de datos referentes a conocimiento, actitud y práctica sobre prevención de COVID-19 para empleados del sistema penitenciario, lo que indica que podrá contribuir a la planificación y evaluación de acciones de educación para la salud.
Abstract Objective To validate a knowledge, attitude and practice survey on preventive measures against COVID-19 for penitentiary system staff based on environmental theory. Methods This is a methodological study developed in four stages: conceptual structure establishment; instrument elaboration; content validity by judges; and appearance assessment by the target audience. The content of each item was validated for objectivity, clarity and relevance. Survey appearance was assessed regarding objective, organization, writing style and motivation. Content validity coefficient was used to assess agreement among judges and the target audience. Data were analyzed using gross distributions, percentages, position and dispersion measures. Cronbach's alpha index was used to analyze the consistency of judges' and target audience's assessments. Results Regarding content and appearance, the assessed requirements achieved agreement greater than 0.9. In consistency assessment, a Cronbach's alpha index > 0.9 and > 0.7 was obtained for content and appearance, respectively, indicating that judges and target audiences tended to make similar assessments. Conclusion The survey presented content and appearance validity for collecting data regarding knowledge, attitude and practice regarding COVID-19 prevention for penitentiary system staff, indicating that it could contribute to health education action planning and assessment.
الموضوعات
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Health Education , Validation Studies as Topic , COVID-19/etiology , COVID-19/prevention & control , Correctional Facilities Personnel/education , Health Strategiesالملخص
Resumo O estudo analisou os itinerários terapêuticos relacionados à saúde bucal de adultos quilombolas de um distrito rural de Vitória da Conquista, Bahia. Trata-se de uma pesquisa qualitativa, na qual foram realizadas dez entrevistas semiestruturadas com adultos quilombolas em maio de 2021, transcritas e analisadas por meio da análise de conteúdo. Os resultados evidenciaram ausência e/ou precariedade na higiene bucal em alguma fase da vida, especialmente infância e adolescência; utilização de práticas populares para cuidado a saúde bucal e experiências de cuidado profissional marcados pela exodontia. A utilização de serviços de saúde foi relatada, em sua maioria, apenas no período anterior à pandemia de COVID-19, os entrevistados divergiram quanto à percepção de facilidade do acesso aos serviços de saúde em sua comunidade. Os relatos sobre a satisfação da saúde bucal destacaram a necessidade de uso ou substituição de próteses dentárias. À guisa de conclusão, entende-se que é necessária a promoção de saúde bucal de forma articulada com ações que possibilitem a prevenção de agravos, a reabilitação odontológica e a valorização do conhecimento e da visão de mundo da população quilombola.
Abstract This study examined the oral health-related therapeutic itineraries of quilombola adults in a rural district of Vitória da Conquista, Bahia. This qualitative study involved ten semi-structured interviews of adult members of the quilombola community, in May 2021, which were then transcribed and analysed using content analysis. The results showed little or poor oral hygiene at some stage of life, especially in childhood and adolescence, the use of popular oral health care practices, and experiences of professional care featuring tooth extraction. Use of health services was mostly reported only in the period prior to the COVID-19 pandemic. Responses as to perceived ease of access to health services in the community varied. One common complaint as to satisfaction with oral health was the need to use or replace dental prostheses. This study concluded that oral health must be promoted jointly with disease prevention, dental rehabilitation and recognition for the knowledge and worldview of the quilombola population.
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Objective: Fertility preservation is a priority in oncology for female cancer patients. However, there is a lack of communication between infertility specialists and oncologists. This study aimed to evaluate infertility specialists' perceptions and experiences regarding fertility preservation. Methods: Conduct an online survey to profile infertility specialists. Participants were infertility affiliated with the Brazilian Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics Associations (FEBRASGO). The specialists received an online survey, which response rate were 30.9%, most of whom were in southern and southeastern. The survey consisted on 14 questions about the infertility specialists' location, techniques in clinical practice, treatment successful rate, patients idea, etc. Results: The average experience in human reproduction were 15.5 ± 10.2 years (mean ± standard deviation, range 1-40). Among reproductive-aged female cancer patients recommended for fertility preservation, 60.3 ± 28.8% (range 10-100%) underwent preservation procedures. Main barriers were cost (41%), oncologists' knowledge or acceptance (35%) and accessibility (9%). Most infertility specialists (58%) considered 40 years the limit for fertility preservation. Leukemia, lymphoma, breast and ovarian cancers were prioritized for fertility preservation, while lung, thyroid, gastric, and brain cancers were less relevant. Conclusion: This is the first Brazilian study about infertility specialists' perceptions on oncology patients access to fertility preservation. These patients primarily receive treatment in the public health system, while infertility specialists mainly work in the private healthcare. This healthcare mode is currently fragmented, but integrating these experts is enhancing patient access to fertility preservation. Studies on this topic are still warranted.
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Objetivo: avaliar as percepções, conhecimentos e atitudes antes e após a realização de um treinamento aos Agentes Comunitários de Saúde (ACS). Método: estudo quase experimental e quantitativo, realizado no interior do estado de São Paulo. Para a coleta de dados foi utilizado ficha de identificação sociodemográfica, Seaman & Manello e Short Alcohol and Alcohol Problems Perception Questionnaire, aplicados em 31 ACS de serviços de Atenção Primária à Saúde. O estudo foi submetido e aprovado pelo Comitê de Ética. Resultados: as percepções foram positivas, mas ainda existem dificuldades para trabalhar na prática, os conhecimentos apresentaram mudanças em relação aos sinais e sintomas relacionados ao uso de álcool e as atitudes. Não foram observadas mudanças significativas após o treinamento. Conclusão: o treinamento é uma estratégia que possibilita mudanças nas práticas de saúde para a assistência integral e que deve ser incorporada nas rotinas das unidades de Atenção Primária à Saúde (APS).
Objetivo: evaluar percepciones, conocimientos, y actitudes antes y después de un entrenamiento de Agentes Comunitarios de Salud (ACS). Método: estudio cuasiexperimental y cuantitativo, realizado en el interior del estado de São Paulo. Para colectar a los datos se utilizó un formulario de identificación sociodemográfica, el Seaman & Manello y el Short Alcohol and Alcohol Problems Perception Questionnaire, aplicados a 31 ACS en servicios de atención primaria a la salud. El estudio fue aprobado por el comité de ética. Resultados: las percepciones fueran positivas, pero hay dificultades en la práctica del trabajo. Los conocimientos cambiaron con respecto a las señales y síntomas relacionados al uso de alcohol y a las actitudes. No se observó cambios significativos después del entrenamiento. Conclusión: el entrenamiento posibilita cambios en las prácticas de salud para la asistencia integral, y debe ser incorporado en las rutinas de las unidades de atención primaria a la salud (APS).
Objective: To evaluate the perceptions, knowledge, and attitudes, before and after a training session provided to community health workers (CHW). Method: Quasi-experimental, quantitative study, carried out in the countryside of the state of São Paulo. For data collection, we used Seaman and Manello's sociodemographic identification form and the Short Alcohol and Alcohol Problems Perception Questionnaire, applied to 31 CHWs of primary health care services. The study was submitted and approved by the research ethics committee. Results: Perceptions were positive, but there are still practical obstacles regarding the actual work. The knowledge related to signs and symptoms of alcohol use and related attitudes was changed, as were the attitudes. There were no significant changes after training. Conclusion: training is a strategy that enables changes in health practices for integral care. It should be incorporated in the routine of Primary Health Care (PHC) units.
الموضوعات
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , Primary Health Care/organization & administration , Community Health Workers/education , Alcoholism/prevention & control , Health Human Resource Training , Mentoring/methodsالملخص
ObjectiveTo understand the acceptance of sex-related behaviors, sexual safety awareness, and refusal skills among junior high school students and conduct association analysis, and to provide a reference for the implementation of sex and reproductive health education for adolescents. MethodsA questionnaire survey related to knowledge of sexual and reproductive health was conducted among 478 students from two junior high schools in Jiading District, Shanghai. ResultsThe pass rate for sex and reproductive health knowledge among junior high school students was only 36.6%, with acceptance rates for dating, watching pornography, engaging in sexual behavior, pregnancy, and artificial abortion at 24.5%, 11.1%, 5.6%, 4.8%, and 5.9%, respectively. Binary logistic regression analysis showed that students who passed the sexual and reproductive health assessment had a significantly lower acceptance rate of sex-related behaviors than those who did not (aOR=1.666, 95%CI: 1.124‒2.470, P=0.011). Adolescents with a passing knowledge of sexual and reproductive health (aOR=1.607, 95%CI: 1.060‒2.438, P=0.026) or a lower acceptance of sex-related behaviors (aOR=4.199, 95%CI: 2.804‒6.289, P<0.001) had higher awareness of sexual safety. Adolescents with a passing knowledge of sexual and reproductive health (aOR=1.691, 95%CI: 1.066‒2.684, P=0.026), a lower acceptance of sex-related behaviors (aOR=1.756, 95%CI: 1.130‒2.729, P=0.012), or higher awareness of sexual safety (aOR=2.872, 95%CI: 1.826‒4.516, P<0.001) had stronger skills to refuse sex-related behaviors. ConclusionSexual and reproductive attitudes, sexual safety awareness, and refusal skills for sex-related behaviors among junior high school students in Jiading District need to be improved. Schools should focus on cultivating adolescents’ sexual and reproductive knowledge and related skills, and advocate for relevant institutions to provide appropriate sexual healthcare services to meet their needs for reproductive healthcare.
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Objective Under the background of"breaking the Five-Only"and the evaluation reform of healthcare professionals'titles,it analyzed the willingness of healthcare professionals in public hospitals to disseminate health knowledge and its incentives and constraints.Furthermore,it explored potential pathways to improve the willingness of healthcare professionals to popular science and disseminate health knowledge.Methods From November to Decem-ber 2022,a self-designed online questionnaire was used to survey healthcare professionals in four tertiary hospitals in Shanghai.The questionnaire included basic information of healthcare professionals,analysis of the current situa-tion and demands of healthcare professionals in health knowledge dissemination,willingness of healthcare profes-sionals to disseminate health knowledge and influencing factors.Results A total of 762 healthcare professionals partici-pated in this survey,79.9%(608/762)expressed willingness to promote the dissemination of health knowledge.A multiple-factor logistic regression analysis revealed that intermediate professional title,achieving personal value and so-cial responsibility,increasing patient resources,professional title promotion,science promotion-related awards,being included in performance appraisals,and difficulty in capturing science promotion skills were the influential factors affecting the dissemination of health knowledge among healthcare professionals(P<0.05).Conclusion The willing-ness of healthcare professionals to disseminate health knowledge was strong,and hospitals should motivate health-care professionals to disseminate health knowledge through building a long-term incentive mechanism,strengthening training in science popularization ability,and improving humanistic qualities.
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Objective To investigate the current status of nurses'knowledge,attitude and practice regarding sleep management of critically ill children in pediatric ICU,and to analyze its impact factors.Methods A self-designed questionnaire on general information and a questionnaire on knowledge and practical behaviors of pediatric ICU nurses on child's sleep management were used.In March 2023,902 pediatric ICU nurses from 24 hospitals in China were surveyed using a convenient sampling method,and the impact factors were analyzed using multiple stepwise linear regression.Results 893 valid questionnaires were collected and the recovery rate of valid questionnaires was 99.00%.Nurses in pediatric ICU scored(33.71±7.76)in knowledge dimension,(37.38±4.86)in attitude dimension and(80.60±16.78)in practice dimension,with a total score of(151.78±24.27).The scores of knowledge and attitude,knowledge and practice,attitude and practice are all positively correlated(r=0.393,P<0.001;r=0.495,P<0.001;r=0.320,P<0.001).The results of multiple stepwise linear regression analysis showed that gender,region,whether they had received sleep management training were the influencing factors of pediatric ICU nurses'total score of knowledge,attitude and practice towards children's sleep management(P<0.05).Conclusion Nurses in pediatric ICU are positive about sleep management for critically ill children,but their knowledge and practice levels need to improve.Nursing managers should strengthen the theoretical knowledge and practical behavioral training of pediatric ICU nurses on child sleep management,develop scientific sleep management plans,and guide nurses to make reasonable evaluation and interventions to improve children's sleep quality.
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Objective@#To understand the current status of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) knowledge, attitudes, and practices of college students in Tianjin City and to further investigate the associated factors of high risk sexual behaviors, so as to provide a scientific and theoretical basis for accurate prevention and treatment of AIDS.@*Methods@#A stratified cluster random sample of 64 697 students in 56 colleges and universities in Tianjin City in November to December 2022 was investigated about the current status of AIDS knowledge, attitudes and practices. Information was collected using online survey via Questionnaire Star. Descriptive analysis was used for the current status of AIDS knowledge, attitudes and practices among college students. Chi square test and multiple Logistic regression analysis were used to analyze the influencing factors of high risk sexual behavior among college students.@*Results@#The AIDS awareness rate of college students in Tianjin City reached 87.33%. The sexual openness rate was 70.73 %. Among the 3 463 students who had sex during the past year, 42.13% of students reported high risk sexual behavior. Multivariate Logistic regression showed that female, having a romantic partner, having received sex education and prevention and treatment knowledge of AIDS were negatively associated with high risk sexual behavior ( OR =0.66, 0.59, 0.81, 0.59, P <0.05). Being in sophomore year, non heterosexuality (homosexuality, bisexuality, not knowing), prejudice against AIDS, and misunderstanding the testing methods for AIDS showed positive correlations with highrisk sexual behavior ( OR =1.22, 2.49, 2.30, 3.17, 1.43, 1.22 , P <0.05).@*Conclusions@#The awareness rate of AIDS in college students in Tianjin is high, but high risk sexual behaviors are still at a high level. Further targeted knowledge education and behavioral interventions are needed to scientifically prevent the spread of AIDS.
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Objective@#To explore the pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) awareness, willingness, uptake patterns, barriers and needs among Chinese student men who have sex with men (MSM), so as to provide relevant evidence for targeted interventions with PrEP.@*Methods@#A proportional sampling method was used to conduct a cross sectional survey of MSM aged 16 years and older residing in 21 provinces, municipalities, and autonomous regions in mainland China between October 20 and December 20, 2021, to collect information on demographic and sexual behavioral characteristics, and 923 students of them were selected as the subjects of this study. The chi-square test and Fisher s test were used for univariate analysis, followed by multivariate Logistic regression to analyze the influencing factors of PrEP awareness and uptake.@*Results@#According to the cascade analysis method, the awareness, willingness, uptake and adherence rates of PrEP among the student MSM were obtained as 88.95%, 67.36%, 13.20% and 45.21 %, respectively. HIV testing more than once in the last 3 months, and all of them were aware of the HIV test results of their sexual partners, and those with high frequency of condom use had a higher rate of awareness ( OR =2.32, 1.79, 1.69, P <0.05). Willingness rates were higher for those from the pilot city, using substances, and HIV testing more than once in the last 3 months ( OR =2.13, 1.65, 1.69, P <0.05). Higher rates of uptake were found among those from high risk and pilot areas, presence of commercial sex, substance use, and high literacy ( OR =5.60, 3.54,2.81, 1.92, 4.54, P <0.05). Adherence rates were higher among those who used one pill per day or both ( OR =12.77, 13.26, P <0.05). The barriers and needs faced by student MSM were primarily personal concerns about medication side effects, preventative effects, and confidence in sexual behavioral styles, and the high cost of medication and related service costs.@*Conclusions@#The student MSM population in China is characterized by high awareness, low willingness, low uptake, and low adherence to PrEP. Targeted interventions should be considered and tailored by the departments to facilitate PrEP promotion among student MSM.
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Introduction: oral diseases (OD), commonly dental caries and periodontitis are a major public health problem. Poor oral hygiene has been associated with OD, causing tooth loss, which leads to disability and compromised patients' oral health. In Rwanda, OD is among the leading causes of morbidity at the health center level. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to assess the knowledge, attitude, and oral health practices among adult participants in Rwanda Methods: a descriptive cross-sectional study was done among participants attending public health facilities in Nyarugenge District, Rwanda. Participants were interviewed using a structured questionnaire. The data were analyzed using frequency distribution, percentage distribution, and bivariate and multivariate logistic regression at a 5% significant level. Results: among 426 participants who were interviewed, 39.44% (n=168) were 18-27 years old and the majority, 61.5% (n=262) were female. Poor oral health knowledge was found in 42% (n=179) of the participants, whilst 12.44% (n=53) showed poor oral health attitudes, and 67.37% (n=287) were found to have poor oral health practice. Participants with a high school level of education were more likely to have better oral health knowledge and the results were statistically significant aOR: 1.79, 95% CI 1.14; 2.82; p = 0.011 Conclusion: the findings of our study showed that almost half of the participants had poor oral health knowledge. Oral health attitude and oral hygiene practices were also lacking. There is a need to enhance oral health education in this community to improve their oral health knowledge, attitudes, and practices.
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Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Oral Hygiene , Oral Health , Rwanda , Adultالملخص
Abstract Objective: To ascertain how screening for preterm birth is performed among obstetricians working in public and private practice in a middle-income country. Methods: Cross-sectional study of 265 obstetrician-gynecologists employed at public and private facilities. An online questionnaire was administered, with items designed to collect data on prematurity screening and prevention practices. Results: The mean age of respondents was 44.5 years; 78.5% were female, and 97.7% had completed a medical residency program. Universal screening (i.e., by ultrasound measurement of cervical length) was carried out by only 11.3% of respondents in public practice; 43% request transvaginal ultrasound if the manual exam is abnormal, and 74.6% request it in pregnant women with risk factors for preterm birth. Conversely, 60.7% of respondents in private practice performed universal screening. This difference in screening practices between public and private practice was highly significant (p < 0.001). Nearly all respondents (90.6%) reported prescribing vaginal progesterone for short cervix. Conclusion: In the setting of this study, universal ultrasound screening to prevent preterm birth was used by just over half of doctors in private practice. In public facilities, screening was even less common. Use of vaginal progesterone in cervical shortening was highly prevalent. There is an unmet need for formal protocols for screening and prevention of preterm birth in middle-income settings.
الموضوعات
Humans , Infant, Newborn , Infant, Premature , Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice , Mass Screening , Premature Birth , Cervical Length Measurementالملخص
Objetivo: analisar conhecimentos, atitudes e práticas de residentes sobre Cuidados Paliativos. Método: estudo quantitativo, transversal, avaliativo do tipo Conhecimento, Atitude e Prática, desenvolvido em um hospital universitário da região Sul do Brasil. Participaram 49 residentes vinculados ao Programa de Residência Integrada Multiprofissional em Saúde. A coleta de dados ocorreu por meio do Google Forms. As análises foram realizadas no software Statistical Package for the Social Sciences v.25. Com nível de significância de 0,05. Resultados: A maioria afirmou não ter recebido informação suficiente sobre Cuidados Paliativos na graduação, 53,1% não sabem identificar pacientes candidatos a abordagem. Os aspectos conceituais são reconhecidos pelos residentes, no entanto, o uso de escalas, suspensão ou não de procedimentos e o uso de opióides geraram respostas diversas. O domínio Atitude foi significativo entre as categorias profissionais (P=0,008). Conclusão: Embora os participantes tenham mostrado compreensão sobre a temática, foram evidenciadas fragilidades, especialmente nos domínios atitude e prática
Objective: to analyze knowledge, attitudes and practices of multiprofessional residents related to the palliative care assistance. Method: a quantitative study, transversal, evaluative of the type Knowledge, Attitude and Practice, developed in a university hospital from the South of Brazil. 49 residents vinculated to the Multiprofessional Integrated Healthcare Residency Program participated. Data collection was made through Google Forms. The analyses were graphically represented and made with IBM SPSS Statistics v.25 software. Level of significance adopted was 0.05. Results: young group, with little professional experience, mainly women. The majority affirmed they haven't received sufficient information about palliative care and pain in graduation, 53,1% didn't knew how to identify patients candidates to palliative care. The conceptual aspects of palliative care are recognized by the residents. Nevertheless, the use of scales in palliative care, whether or not to suspend procedures and/or feeding and the use of opiates generated less cohesive answers between members of the group. Only the distribution of the Attitude domain was significant between the professional categories (P=0,008). Conclusion: participants have demonstrated comprehension about the thematic, even then, fragilities were evidenciated, especially in the Attitude and Practice domains. Palliative care should be a focus of study in the healthcare permanent education, as well as in the multiprofessional residency programs
Objetivos:analizar los conocimientos, actitudes y prácticas de los residentes sobre la asistencia en cuidados paliativos. Método: estudio cuantitativo, transversal, evaluativo del tipo Conocimiento, Actitud y Práctica, desarrollado en un hospital universitario de la región sur de Brasil. En el estudio participaron 49 residentes vinculados al Programa Integrado de Salud Multiprofesional La recogida de datos se realizó a través de Google Forms. Los análisis se realizaron utilizando el software Statistical Package for the Social Sciences v.25. El nivel de significancia adoptado fue de 0,05. Resultados: La mayoría dijo no haber recibido suficiente información sobre Cuidados Paliativos y manejo del dolor al graduarse, el 53,1% no sabe cómo identificar a los pacientes candidatos al abordaje. Los aspectos conceptuales del tema son reconocidos por los residentes, sin embargo, el uso de balanzas, suspensión o no de procedimientos y / o alimentos y el uso de opioides han generado respuestas diferentes. El dominio Actitud fue significativo entre las categorías profesionales (P = 0,008). Conclusión: Aunque los participantes mostraron comprensión sobre el tema, se evidenciaron debilidades, especialmente en los dominios de actitud y práctica
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Humans , Male , Female , Palliative Care , Patient Care Team , Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice , Hospitals, Teaching , Internship and Residencyالملخص
Objetivo: sintetizar la evidencia disponible relacionada con el acceso y las prácticas de higiene menstrual en América Latina y el Caribe. Método: revisión de alcance de la literatura con protocolo de investigación registrado en el Open Science Framework, realizada en las bases de datos bibliográficas: PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science y Portal Regional da Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde. Los datos fueron analizados mediante estadística descriptiva simple y análisis temático. Resultados: se incluyeron 15 publicaciones, la mayoría de las cuales trataban sobre adolescentes en Brasil: 12 artículos, dos informes técnicos y una monografía de trabajo de conclusión de curso. Como temas recurrentes en las publicaciones se destacan: acceso a condiciones dignas para el manejo de la higiene menstrual; necesidad de acceso a información sobre el manejo de la higiene menstrual; y prácticas para el manejo de la higiene menstrual. Conclusión: adolescentes informan dificultades para acceder a baños, agua y materiales absorbentes, y falta de información sobre la salud menstrual, incluso en las escuelas, lo que lleva al ausentismo escolar. De esta manera, las lagunas en la literatura científica latinoamericana revelan desigualdades y diversidad en las experiencias menstruales interseccionadas por categorías como género, clase social y etnia.
Objective: to synthesize available evidence related to menstrual hygiene access and practices in Latin America and the Caribbean. Method: literature scoping review with research protocol registered in the Open Science Framework, carried out in the bibliographic databases: PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science and Portal Regional da Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde. Data were analyzed using simple descriptive statistics and thematic analysis. Results: 15 publications were included, the majority of which addressed adolescents in Brazil: 12 articles, two technical reports and a course conclusion monograph. As recurring themes in the publications, the following stand out: Access to dignified conditions for managing menstrual hygiene; Need for access to information on menstrual hygiene management; and Practices for managing menstrual hygiene. Conclusion: adolescents report difficulties in accessing toilets, water and absorbent materials, and lack of information about menstrual health, including in schools, leading to school absenteeism. Thus, gaps in the Latin American scientific literature reveal inequalities and diversity in menstrual experiences intersected by categories such as gender, social class and ethnicity
Objetivo: sintetizar evidências disponíveis relacionadas ao acesso e práticas de higiene menstrual na América Latina e Caribe. Método: revisão de escopo da literatura com protocolo de pesquisa registrado no Open Science Framework, realizada nas bases de dados bibliográficas: PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science e Portal Regional da Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde. Os dados foram analisados por estatística descritiva simples e análise temática. Resultados: foram incluídas 15 publicações, cuja maioria abordava adolescentes no Brasil: 12 artigos, dois relatórios técnicos e uma monografia de trabalho de conclusão de curso. Como temas recorrentes nas publicações, destacam-se: acesso a condições dignas para o manejo da higiene menstrual; necessidade de acesso à informação sobre manejo da higiene menstrual; e práticas para manejo da higiene menstrual. Conclusão: adolescentes relatam dificuldades de acesso a sanitários, água e materiais absorventes, e falta de informação sobre saúde menstrual, inclusive nas escolas, levando ao absenteísmo escolar. Assim, lacunas na literatura científica latino-americana revelam desigualdades e diversidade nas experiências menstruais interseccionadas por categorias como gênero, classe social e etnia.
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Humans , Female , Adolescent , Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice , Hygiene , Cross-Sectional Studies , Menstrual Hygiene Products , Menstruationالملخص
Conclusão: Constata-se que há desconhecimento sobre as ações necessárias no atendimento em primeiros socorros, o que impacta nas atitudes e práticas executadas, bem como no tratamento e prognóstico. Assim, intervenções educativas são estratégias que promovem o desenvolvimento de conhecimento, atitudes e práticas necessárias ao atendimento em primeiros socorros
Conclusion: It was observed that there is a lack of knowledge about the necessary actions in first aid care, which impacts the attitudes and practices performed, as well as the treatment and prognosis. Thus, educational interventions are strategies that promote the development of knowledge, attitudes and practices necessary for first aid
Conclusión: Se observó que existe un desconocimiento sobre las acciones necesarias en la atención de primeros auxilios, lo que repercute en las actitudes y prácticas realizadas, así como en el tratamiento y pronóstico. Así pues, las intervenciones educativas son estrategias que promueven el desarrollo de los conocimientos, las actitudes y las prácticas necesarias para la atención de primeros auxilios
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Humans , Male , Female , Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice , Knowledge , First Aid , School Teachersالملخص
ABSTRACT BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Approaches to coping with pain, such as patient education, are directly related to the professionals' skill level. The identification of possible learning gaps in the different stages of training can contribute to the development of new teaching strategies and methods. This study aimed to evaluate and compare the level of knowledge about the neurophysiology of pain and the self-perception of abilities to care for individuals with pain in undergraduate and graduate students in physiotherapy in Brazil. METHODS: This is a cross-sectional analytical observational study, in which the Neurophysiological Pain Questionnaire (QND) was applied to assess the level of knowledge about the neurophysiology of pain. A self-administered questionnaire was also used to collect sociodemographic data from the sample and to assess self-perception of abilities to care for individuals with pain. The characteristics of the study population were defined by descriptive statistics. For the analysis of QND score distribution and self-perception of abilities to care for individuals with pain, the Shapiro-Wilk test was used. In the bivariate analysis to compare the distribution of the QND score and self-perception of abilities to care for individuals with pain between the stages of undergraduates and schooling after graduation, the Kruskal-Wallis test was used, with a significance level of 5% and 95% confidence interval. The statement Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (STROBE) was used as a guide for reporting the results of the study. RESULTS: A total of 306 volunteers participated in the study, 208 undergraduate students (22.3 ± 3.2 years) and 98 physiotherapists (31.7± 8.7 years). The average QND score for undergraduate students was 6.17 and 8.56 for physiotherapists, considering a total of 12 points. There was a significantly higher difference in the scores obtained on the QND by undergraduates in the intermediate phase and in the last year (p<0.05), as well as in the self-perception of abilities to care for individuals with pain and perform a biopsychosocial approach to the patient, between the different phases of the course. However, among physiotherapists, no significant difference was observed in the total QND score, and in the self-perception of abilities to care for individuals with pain. CONCLUSION: The findings of this study suggest that the level of knowledge about the neurophysiology of pain and self-perception of skills to care for individuals with pain differs between academics and physiotherapy professionals. However, the low QND score of physiotherapy undergraduates, as well as the absence of significant differences in the QND between the different levels of physiotherapist training, suggest that curricular implementation and specific training on pain may be indispensable to increase the level of knowledge and skills of physiotherapists in the treatment of individuals with pain.
RESUMO JUSTIFICATIVA E OBJETIVOS: Abordagens para o enfrentamento da dor, como educação do paciente, estão diretamente relacionadas ao nível de habilidades dos profissionais. A identificação de possíveis lacunas do aprendizado nas diferentes fases de formação pode contribuir para o desenvolvimento de novas estratégias e métodos de ensino. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar e comparar o nível de conhecimento sobre neurofisiologia da dor e a autopercepção de habilidades para atender indivíduos com dor em alunos de graduação e graduados em fisioterapia no Brasil. MÉTODOS: Trata-se de um estudo observacional analítico do tipo transversal, em que foi aplicado o Questionário Neurofisiológico de Dor (QND) para avaliar o nível de conhecimento sobre neurofisiologia da dor. Também foi utilizado um questionário autoaplicado para coletar os dados sociodemográficos da amostra e avaliar a autopercepção de habilidades para atender indivíduos com dor. As características da população do estudo foram definidas pela estatística descritiva. Para a análise da distribuição do escore QND e da autopercepção de habilidades para atender indivíduos com dor foi utilizado o teste Shapiro-Wilk. Na análise bivariada para a comparação de distribuição do escore QND e da autopercepção de habilidades para atender indivíduos com dor entre as fases dos graduandos e a escolaridade após a formação foi utilizado o teste de Kruskal-Wallis, nível de significância de 5% e intervalo de confiança de 95%. A declaração Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (STROBE) foi utilizada como guia para relatar os resultados do estudo. RESULTADOS: Um total de 306 voluntários participaram do estudo, sendo 208 alunos de graduação (22,3 ± 3,2 anos) e 98 fisioterapeutas (31,7± 8,7 anos). A pontuação média do QND para os alunos de graduação foi 6,17 e de 8,56 para os fisioterapeutas, considerando um total de 12 pontos. Observou-se uma diferença significativamente superior na pontuação obtida no QND pelos graduandos da fase intermediária e do último ano (p<0,05), bem como na autopercepção de habilidades para atender indivíduos com dor e realizar uma abordagem biopsicossocial do paciente entre as diferentes fases do curso. Contudo, entre os fisioterapeutas, não foi observada diferença significativa na pontuação total do QND e na autopercepção de habilidades para atender indivíduos com dor. CONCLUSÃO: Por meio dos achados deste estudo, foi possível observar que o nível de conhecimento sobre neurofisiologia da dor e autopercepção de habilidades para atender indivíduos com dor difere entre acadêmicos e profissionais de fisioterapia. Entretanto, a pontuação baixa do QND dos graduandos de fisioterapia, bem como a ausência de diferenças significativas do QND entre os diferentes níveis de formação dos fisioterapeutas, sugere que a implementação curricular e capacitações específicas sobre dor são indispensáveis para ampliar o nível de conhecimento e habilidades dos fisioterapeutas no tratamento de indivíduos com dor.
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Introducción: La cultura del paciente tiene influencia en la selección de sus tratamientos, las expresiones emocionales, la toma de decisiones y en la forma de comunicarse de los pacientes. Los cuidados paliativos permiten el abordaje holístico a personas y familias en sufrimiento por enfermedades potencialmente mortales. Objetivo: Describir las creencias y las prácticas culturales relacionadas con la salud en pacientes adultos de un programa domiciliario de cuidados paliativos en la ciudad de Bogotá. Materiales y Métodos: Estudio cualitativo, de tipo etnografía. Se realizaron entrevistas semiestructuradas virtuales a 9 pacientes requirentes de cuidados paliativos, determinada por saturación teórica. Para el análisis de la información, se consideraron las orientaciones de la teoría de los cuidados culturales de Leininger bajo el modelo del sol naciente. Se realizó la codificación y categorización en el software Nvivo v12. Resultados: Se obtuvieron 3 categorías principales: prácticas culturales, creencias para mantener la poca salud y aliviar síntomas y experiencias en la adaptación a la enfermedad y muerte y se dio lugar a 13 subcategorías Discusión: Tras describir y analizar los resultados obtenidos, se observó que los participantes poseen conocimientos sobre prácticas-creencias culturales, que han sido transmitidas de generación en generación y juegan un papel importante en el proceso de la enfermedad Conclusiones: Se evidenció que existen prácticas consideradas protectoras y otras que generan conductas de riesgo, las cuales deberán reestructurarse, negociarse o preservarse, con el objetivo de fortalecer el proceso de cuidado y así mantener un enfoque culturalmente competente.
Introduction: Patient culture influences treatment selection, emotional expressions, decision making, and patients' communication. Palliative care allows a holistic approach to individuals and families suffering from life-threatening illnesses. Objective: To describe the beliefs and health- related cultural practices of adult patients in a palliative home care program in the city of Bogotá. Materials and methods: Qualitative ethnographic study. Semi-structured online interviews were conducted with 9 patients requiring palliative care, until theoretical saturation was reached. For data analysis, the guidelines of Leininger's Cultural Care Theory based on the Sunrise Model were considered. Results: Three main categories were identified: cultural practices, beliefs about maintaining poor health and alleviating symptoms, and experiences adapting to illness and death, resulting in 13 subcategories. Discussion: After describing and analyzing the results obtained, it was observed that the participants have knowledge of cultural practices-beliefs that have been passed down from generation to generation and play an important role in the disease process. Conclusions: It became clear that there are practices that are considered protective and others that create risky behaviors that should be restructured, negotiated, or maintained in order to strengthen the care process and thus maintain a culturally competent approach.
Introdugáo: A cultura do paciente influencia na escolha de seus tratamentos, nas expressóes emocionáis, na tomada de decisóes e na forma como os pacientes se comunicam. Os cuidados paliativos permitem uma abordagem holística para individuos e familias que sofrem de doengas que ameagam a vida. Objetivo: Descrever as crengas e práticas culturais relacionadas a saúde em pacientes adultos de um programa domiciliar de cuidados paliativos na cidade de Bogotá. Materiais e Métodos: Estudo qualitativo, do tipo etnográfico. Foram realizadas entrevistas semiestruturadas virtuais com 9 pacientes em cuidados paliativos, determinadas pela saturagao teórica. Para a análise das informagóes, foram consideradas as orientagóes da teoria do cuidado cultural de Leininger sob o modelo do sol nascente. A codificagao e categorizagao foram realizadas no software Nvivo v12. Resultados: Obtiveram-se 3 categorias principais: práticas culturais, crengas para manter a saúde precária e aliviar sintomas e experiencias de adaptagao a doenga e a morte, dando origem a 13 subcategorias. Discussao: descrevendo e analisando os resultados obtidos, observou-se que os participantes possuem conhecimento sobre as práticas-crengas culturais, que foram transmitidas de geragao em geragao e desempenham um papel importante no processo de adoecimento. Condusdes: ficou evidenciado que existem práticas consideradas protetoras e outras que geram comportamentos de risco, que devem ser reestruturadas, negociadas ou preservadas, a fim de fortalecer o processo de cuidar e, assim, manter uma abordagem culturalmente competente.
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RESUMO Objetivo: analisar os saberes de mães ribeirinhas sobre vacinação e sua influência na prática de levar seus filhos para vacinar. Método: estudo qualitativo/descritivo, realizado na Unidade de Saúde da Família Combú, Belém-Pará, Brasil, com 30 mães ribeirinhas que tinham filhos em idade vacinal. Os dados foram produzidos por entrevistas individuais, cujo corpus foi analisado com o software Interface de R pour les Analyses Multidimensionnelles de Textes et de Questionnaires 0.7, alpha 2, utilizando a Classificação Hierárquica Descendente. Resultados: o software gerou seis classes, compondo duas categorias: "Saberes e práticas de mães ribeirinhas sobre vacinação" e "Importância da educação em saúde e o papel dos profissionais de saúde no compartilhamento de informações sobre vacinação". Conclusão: discutir os saberes de mães ribeirinhas sobre vacinação e sua influência na tomada de decisão permitiu refletir criticamente sobre as práticas no cotidiano dessa população, oportunizando aos profissionais de saúde repensar estratégias, principalmente nas ações educativas.
ABSTRACT Objective: to analyze the knowledge of riverine mothers about vaccination and its influence on the practice of taking their children for vaccination. Method: qualitative/descriptive study, conducted at the Combú Family Health Unit, Belém-Pará, Brazil, with 30 riverine mothers who had children of vaccination age. Data were produced by individual interviews, whose corpus was analyzed with the software Interface de R pour les Analyses Multidimensionnelles de Textes et de Questionnaires 0.7, alpha 2, using Descending Hierarchical Classification. Results: the software generated six classes, composing two categories: "Knowledge and practices of riverine mothers about vaccination" and "Importance of health education and the role of health professionals in sharing information about vaccination". Conclusion: discussing the knowledge of riverside mothers about vaccination and its influence on decision-making allowed a critical reflection on the practices in the daily life of this population, providing health professionals with the opportunity to rethink strategies, especially in educational actions.
RESUMEN Objetivo: analizar los conocimientos de las madres ribereñas sobre la vacunación y su influencia en la práctica de llevar a sus hijos a vacunar. Método: estudio cualitativo/descriptivo realizado en la Unidad de Salud de la Familia de Combú, Belém-Pará, Brasil, con 30 madres ribereñas que tenían hijos en edad de vacunación. Los datos fueron producidos por entrevistas individuales, cuyo corpus fue analizado con el software Interface de R pour les Analyses Multidimensionnelles de Textes et de Questionnaires 0.7, alpha 2, utilizando la Clasificación Jerárquica Descendente. Resultados: el software generó seis clases, que componían dos categorías: "Conocimientos y prácticas de las madres ribereñas sobre la vacunación" e "Importancia de la educación sanitaria y papel de los profesionales de la salud en el intercambio de información sobre la vacunación". Conclusión: discutir el conocimiento de las madres ribereñas sobre la vacunación y su influencia en la toma de decisiones nos permitió reflexionar críticamente sobre las prácticas en el día a día de esta población, dando a los profesionales de la salud la oportunidad de repensar estrategias, especialmente en las acciones educativas.