الملخص
Resumen Objetivo: El objetivo del presente estudio es evaluar en nuestro medio la prevalencia de anemia en el preoperatorio de la cirugía cardiovascular, su incidencia postoperatoria y su evolución durante el primer mes. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio de cohorte prospectivo en el que se incluyeron todos los pacientes sometidos a cirugía cardiovascular central intervenidos durante el periodo del 01/09/2021 al 01/09/2022 en un hospital universitario. Se realizó seguimiento clínico y de laboratorio previo a la cirugía, al quinto y al día treinta del postoperatorio. Se comparó a los grupos con y sin anemia preoperatoria. Resultados: La prevalencia de anemia en el preoperatorio fue del 32.1%. La incidencia de anemia en el postoperatorio fue del 96% en el grupo de pacientes sin anemia previa. Al mes de la cirugía un 73 y un 90% de los pacientes, con y sin anemia preoperatoria respectivamente, persistían anémicos. Los pacientes con anemia preoperatoria tuvieron una menor recuperación de sus valores de hemoglobina al mes. Se observó una tendencia a mayor mortalidad y una mayor necesidad de derivación a centros de rehabilitación postegreso hospitalario en aquellos con anemia preoperatoria. Conclusiones: En este trabajo se evidenció una alta prevalencia e incidencia de anemia en el perioperatorio de las cirugías cardiovasculares. Así como su subtratamiento y elevada persistencia durante el mes posterior a la cirugía.
Abstract Objective: The aim of this study is to evaluate the prevalence of anemia in the preoperative period of cardiovascular surgery, its postoperative incidence and its evolution during the first month in our setting. Methods: A prospective cohort study was carried out in which all patients undergoing central cardiovascular surgery operated during the period 09/01/2021-09/01/2022 in a university hospital were included. Clinical and laboratory follow-up was carried out prior to surgery, on the fifth and on the 30th postoperative day. Groups with and without preoperative anemia were compared. Results: The prevalence of anemia in the preoperative period was 32.1%. The incidence of anemia in the postoperative period was 96% in the group of patients without previous anemia. One month after surgery, 73 and 90% of the patients, with and without preoperative anemia, respectively, remained anemic. Patients with preoperative anemia had less recovery of their hemoglobin values at one month. A trend towards higher mortality and a greater need for referral to post-hospital discharge rehabilitation centers was observed in those with preoperative anemia. Conclusions: In this work, a high prevalence and incidence of anemia in the perioperative period of cardiovascular surgeries was evidenced. As well as its subtreatment and high persistence during the month after surgery.
الملخص
Introducción: La anemia se define como una afección en la cual el número de glóbulos rojos o la concentración de hemoglobina dentro de estos se encuentran por debajo del límite inferior, 11 gr/dl para menores entre 6 a 59 meses. La OMS calcula que a nivel mundial la anemia presenta una prevalencia del 42% en los niños menores de 5 años. Objetivos: Realizar una revisión panorámica de diversas publicaciones científicas acerca de los factores asociados a la anemia ferropénica en preescolares. Materiales y métodos: La revisión se realizó a través de la búsqueda electrónica de diversos artículos científicos relacionados con el tema. Se utilizó la pregunta PEO: ¿Cuáles son los factores asociados a anemia ferropénica en lactantes y preescolares? Se seleccionaron los artículos publicados desde el 2017 hasta el 2022. Resultados: De los 48 artículos encontrados en la revisión, 33 fueron descartados por no cumplir con nuestros criterios de selección, quedando 15 artículos para esta revisión. Basado en 12 artículos revisados, se halló que los factores que se asocian a anemia en menores de 5 años eran por problemas socioeconómicos, déficit de micronutrientes altos en hierro en dieta, madre con antecedente de anemia, la edad materna, falta de educación, entre otros. Conclusión: Los factores predisponentes para la presencia de anemia ferropénica en los menores de 5 años más importantes fueron los relacionados con la edad materna, el nivel socioeconómico y educativo de la madre que conllevan el déficit de hierro del menor.
Introduction: Anemia is defined as a condition in which the number of red blood cells or the hemoglobin concentration within red blood cells is below the lower limit, 11 g/dL for children aged 6-59 months. The WHO estimates that worldwide anemia has a prevalence of 42% in children under 5 years of age. Objectives: To perform an overview review of various scientific publications on the factors associated with iron deficiency anemia in preschoolers. Materials and methods: The review was carried out through an electronic search of various scientific articles related to the subject. The PEO question was used: What are the factors associated with iron deficiency anemia in infants and preschoolers? Articles published from 2017 to 2022 were selected. Results: Of the 48 articles found in the review, 33 were discarded for not meeting our selection criteria, leaving 15 articles for this review. Based on 12 articles reviewed, it was found that the factors associated with anemia in children under 5 years of age were socioeconomic problems, deficiency of micronutrients high in iron in the diet, mothers with a history of anemia, maternal age, lack of education, among others. Conclusion: The most important predisposing factors for the presence of iron deficiency anemia in children under 5 years of age were those related to maternal age, socioeconomic and educational level of the mother that lead to iron deficiency in the child.
الموضوعات
Anemia, Iron-Deficiency , Child, Preschool , Infantالملخص
Abstract Objectives: This paper aims to review data on the association of obesity and iron deficiency in children and adolescents, exposing the possible involvement of hepcidin and interleukin-6 (IL-6), obesity's inflammation biomarkers. Data source: Articles from PUBMED and WEB OF SCIENCE database with no chronological limit were reviewed to write this systematic review. Keywords such as children, obesity, iron deficiency, and hepcidin were used. After deleting duplicated and review articles, 91 were screened, and 39 were selected as eligible. Sixteen articles were included because they involved serum hepcidin levels in obese children and adolescents as outcomes. Summary of findings: Finally, those 16 articles were organized in two tables: one includes therapeutic interventions, and the other does not. As hepcidin was discovered in 2000, the first articles that presented serum hepcidin's quantification in obese children and adolescents, homeostasis iron markers, and their possible association with obesity's inflammatory environment began to be published in 2008. Conclusions: Obesity's chronic inflammation state leads to the production of IL-6, which acts as a signaling molecule for hepcidin synthesis, resulting in iron deficiency, which is common in obese children and adolescents who respond inadequately to iron supplementation. On the other hand, that population responds adequately to therapeutic intervention programs that lead to weight loss, guaranteeing iron homeostasis improvement. Therefore, perhaps it is time to discuss serum hepcidin level quantification as part of evaluating children and adolescents with iron deficiency, which could guide clinical choices that might lead to better therapeutic outcomes.
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La seguridad y eficacia de los programas de suplementación con hierro a lactantes, está actualmente en discusión. El objetivo de esta revisión fue identificar estudios sobre riesgos y beneficios de la suplementación con hierro profiláctico en lactantes menores de un año, nacidos a término, con niveles de hemoglobina (Hb) y ferremia desconocidos. Se realizó una búsqueda en Pubmed y Cochrane, identificando 3 revisiones sistemáticas y metaanálisis. Estos estudios arrojaron resultados que indican mejoras en los niveles séricos de hierro y hemoglobina como resultado de la suplementación con hierro. Sin embargo, no se observó un beneficio significativo en el desarrollo cognitivo de los lactantes. Los efectos adversos más reportados son los gastrointestinales, efectos en el crecimiento (menor ganancia de talla y peso) y menor absorción de zinc. En resumen, la evidencia en cuanto a la profilaxis con hierro en lactantes es limitada, lo que nos lleva a recomendar un seguimiento cercano de los lactantes que reciben suplementos de hierro, con el objetivo de detectar posibles eventos adversos. Es fundamental evaluar cuidadosamente los riesgos y beneficios de esta intervención antes de su implementación (AU)
The safety and efficacy of iron supplementation programs for infants are currently under discussion. The objective of this review was to identify studies on the risks and benefits of prophylactic iron supplementation in infants under one year of age, born at term, with unknown hemoglobin (Hb) and serum iron levels. The search was conducted on Pubmed and Cochrane, identifying three systematic reviews and meta-analyses. The results indicate improvements in serum iron and hemoglobin levels as a result of iron supplementation. However, a significant benefit in infant cognitive development was not observed. The most reported adverse effects were gastrointestinal, effects on growth (reduced height and weight gain), and reduced zinc absorption. In summary, the evidence regarding iron prophylaxis in infants is limited, leading us to recommend close monitoring of infants receiving iron supplements to detect potential adverse events. It is crucial to carefully assess the risks and benefits of this intervention before implementation (AU)
الموضوعات
Humans , Male , Female , Infant , Ferrous Sulfate , Iron, Dietary/therapeutic use , Dietary Supplements/supply & distribution , Cost-Effectiveness Analysis , Hemoglobins , Anemia, Iron-Deficiency/prevention & controlالملخص
Introduction.Les convulsions fébriles (CF) sont l'une des affections neurologiques les plus courantes de l'enfance. Plusieurs théories, telles que l'anémie ferriprive, ont été proposées comme pathogénie de cette affection. L'objectif de cette étude était de déterminer l'association entre l'anémie ferriprive et les convulsions fébriles chez les enfants âgés de 6 mois à 60 mois.Méthodologie. Il s'agissait d'une étude cas-témoins menée de Janvier à Mai 2021 chez 43 enfants ayant des CF (cas) et 43 enfants fébriles sans convulsions (témoins) admis dans deux hôpitauxà Yaoundé. Les deux groupes étaient appariés en fonction de l'âge et du sexe. Chez tous, le taux d'hémoglobine, le volume globulaire moyen(VGM), la teneur corpusculaire moyenne en hémoglobine (CCMH) et la ferritine plasmatique ont été déterminés.Résultats.L'âge moyen était de 23 mois. Les antécédents familiaux de convulsions fébriles(CF)étaient retrouvés dans 27,9 % des cas. Les CF simples étaient les plus fréquentes (69,8%) avec une prédominance des crises tonicocloniques généralisées (74,4%). Les infections ORL et le paludisme étaient les causes de la fièvre dans 72,1% des cas. Les enfants avec convulsions fébriles avaient trois fois plus de risque d'avoir une anémie comparée aux témoins (P), par contre les valeurs moyennes , TCMH n'étaient pas significativement différents dans les deux groupes. Les deux groupes présentaient une carence martiale mais sans différence significative. Conclusion.Les enfants avec CF présentaient plus d'anémie, mais la carence en fer bien que présente dans les deux groupes l'était sans différence significative
ntroduction.Febrile convulsions (FC) are one of the most common neurological disorders in childhood. Several theories, such as iron deficiency anemia, have been proposed as the pathogenesis of this condition. The aim of this study was to determine the association between iron deficiency anemia and febrile convulsions in children aged 6 to 60 months. Methodology.This was a case-control study conducted from January to May 2021 involving 43 children with FC (cases) and 43 febrile children without convulsions (controls) admitted to two hospitals in Yaoundé. The two groups were matched for age and sex. Hemoglobin levels, mean corpuscular volume (MCV), mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC), and plasma ferritin levels were determined in all participants. Results.The average age was 23 months. Family history of febrile convulsions (FC) was found in 27.9% of cases. Simple FC were the most common (69.8%) with a predominance of generalized tonic-clonic seizures (74.4%). ENT infections and malaria were the causes of fever in 72.1% of cases. Children with febrile convulsions were three times more likely to have anemia compared to controls (P= 0.028), however, the average values of MCV and MCHC were not significantly different in the two groups. Both groups had iron deficiency but without significant differences. Conclusion.Children with FC had more anemia, but iron deficiency
الموضوعات
Male , Female , Infant , Child, Preschool , Child , Seizures, Febrileالملخص
【Objective】 To establish reference intervals for serum soluble transferrin receptor (sTfR) and sTfR/log serum ferritin index (sTfR/lgSF) in apparently healthy adults in the Wuhan area, so as to provide reference for clinical diagnosis and treatment of iron deficiency and iron-deficiency anemia. 【Methods】 A total of 273 individuals from the Wuhan Aisa General Hospital, including health examination participants and blood donors, were selected to measure sTfR, other iron metabolism indicators and high sensitivity C-reactive protein(hsCRP). The sTfR/lgSF values were calculated and reference intervals for sTfR and sTfR /lgSF were established using the percentile method (P2.5 to P97.5). Spearman correlation analysis was used to evaluate the relationships between sTfR, sTfR/lgSF, and other iron metabolism indicators, as well as hsCRP. 【Results】 The sTfR levels (M, mg/L) between males and females (1.01 vs 1.07) were not statistically significant (P>0.05), but the sTfR/lgSF levels if males were significantly lower than those in females (0.45 vs 0.62)(P0.05). The reference interval for STfR was (0.72-1.68) mg/L, the sTfR/lgSF reference interval was (0.31-0.88) for males, and (0.37-1.19) for females. Correlation analysis showed no correlation between sTfR, sTfR/lgSF and hsCRP (r=0.043, P>0.05; r=-0.064, P>0.05), while serum ferritin(SF), serum iron(SI), transferrin saturation(TSAT)were correlated with hsCRP (r=0.128, P0.05), while sTfR/lgSF was significantly correlated with and SF (r=-0.685, P<0.01). 【Conclusion】 Preliminary reference intervals for serum sTfR and sTfR/lgSF in apparently healthy adults in the Wuhan has been established. sTfR and sTfR/lgSF are not affected by inflammatory factors and are significant for identifying iron deficiency in anemia patients with elevated serum ferritin caused by inflammation.
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Abstract Background: Anemia is common in the preoperative setting and associated with increased postoperative complications and mortality. However, it is unclear if preoperative anemia optimization reduces postoperative complications. We aimed to assess the association between preoperative anemia optimization and a composite endpoint of major cardiovascular, renal, and pulmonary complications and all-cause mortality within 30 days after noncardiac surgery in adult patients. Methods: In this retrospective analysis preoperative anemia was defined as hemoglobin concentration below 12.0 g.dl−1 in women and 13.0 g.dl−1 in men within 6 months before surgery. A propensity score-based generalized estimating equation analysis was used to determine the association between preoperative anemia optimization and the primary outcome. Moreover, mediation analysis was conducted to investigate whether intraoperative red blood cell transfusion or duration of intraoperative hypotension were mediators of the relation between anemia optimization and the primary outcome. Results: Fifty-seven hundred anemia optimized, and 8721 non-optimized patients met study criteria. The proportion of patients having any component of the composite of major complications and all-cause mortality was 21.5% in the anemia-optimized versus 18.0% in the non-optimized, with confounder-adjusted odds ratio estimate of 0.99 (95% CI 0.86-1.15) for anemia optimization versus non-optimization, p = 0.90. Intraoperative red blood cell transfusion had a minor mediation effect on the relationship between preoperative anemia optimization and the primary outcome, whereas duration of intraoperative hypotension was not found to be a mediator. Conclusion: Preoperative anemia optimization did not appear to be associated with a composite outcome of major in-hospital postoperative cardiovascular, renal, and pulmonary complications and all-cause in-hospital mortality.
الملخص
Resumen OBJETIVO: Comparar las concentraciones de hemoglobina en embarazadas con anemia por deficiencia de hierro que recibieron un tratamiento intermitente en comparación con el continuo de 200 mg de sulfato ferroso por vía oral. Además, comparar la frecuencia de efectos secundarios del tratamiento intermitente con el continuo. MATERIALES Y MÉTODOS: Ensayo clínico, aleatorizado, no cegado, efectuado en la Unidad Médica de Alta Especialidad Hospital de Ginecoobstetricia 4 Luis Castelazo Ayala, IMSS, en pacientes de 18 a 35 años atendidas entre los meses de enero a marzo del 2023 con 30 o más semanas de embarazo, diagnóstico de anemia ferropénica (definida operativamente solo con una biometría hemática inferior a 11 g/dL, con hipocromía y microcitosis), sin antecedentes de enfermedad crónico-degenerativa. El análisis estadístico se procesó en el programa SPSS v21, la distribución y características de la muestra con análisis univariado, seguido de un análisis bivariado con t de Student y diferencia de medias. Se consideró con significación estadística el valor de p < 0.05. RESULTADOS: Se estudiaron 32 pacientes: 16 con esquema continuo y 16 con el intermitente. Ambos grupos con incremento de 1 g/dL entre la hemoglobina inicial y final (p < 0.01), con una diferencia de medias entre el aumento de los grupos con p = 0.4. Con disminución significativa de la epigastralgia y la náusea. CONCLUSIONES: El tratamiento intermitente con sulfato ferroso incrementa las concentraciones de hemoglobina igual que un esquema continuo, pero con menos efectos adversos.
Abstract OBJECTIVE: To compare hemoglobin concentrations in pregnant women with iron deficiency anemia who received intermittent versus continuous treatment with 200 mg oral ferrous sulfate. In addition, to compare the incidence of side effects of intermittent versus continuous treatment. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Randomized, non-blinded, clinical trial conducted at the Unidad Médica de Alta Especialidad Hospital de Ginecoobstetricia 4 Luis Castelazo Ayala, IMSS, in patients aged 18 to 35 years attended between January and March 2023 with 30 or more weeks of pregnancy, diagnosis of iron deficiency anemia (operationally defined only with a blood biometry lower than 11 g/dL, with hypochromia and microcytosis), without a history of chronic degenerative disease. Statistical analysis was performed in SPSS v21 program, distribution and characteristics of the sample with univariate analysis, followed by bivariate analysis with Student's t and mean difference. A value of p < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. RESULTS: Thirty-two patients were studied: 16 with continuous and 16 with intermittent regimen. Both groups with increase of 1 g/dL between initial and final hemoglobin (p < 0.01), with a mean difference between groups increase with p = 0.4. With significant reduction in epigastralgia and nausea. CONCLUSIONS: Intermittent treatment with ferrous sulfate increases hemoglobin concentrations.
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Abstract Managing anemia before surgery is extremely important as it is a clinical condition that can significantly increase surgical risk and affect patient outcomes. Anemia is characterized by a reduction in the number of red blood cells or hemoglobin levels leading to a lower oxygen-carrying capacity of the blood. Proper treatment requires a multifaceted approach to ensure patients are in the best possible condition for surgery and to minimize potential complications. The challenge is recognizing anemia early and implementing a timely intervention to correct it. Anemic patients are more susceptible to surgical complications such as increased infection rates, slower wound healing and increased risk of cardiovascular events during and after surgery. Additionally, anemia can exacerbate existing medical conditions, causing greater strain on organs and organ systems. To correct anemia and optimize patient outcomes, several essential measures must be taken with the most common being identifying and correcting iron deficiency.
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Abstract Aim To investigate iron-deficiency anemia as a risk factor for dental pulp disease in children from the central Peruvian jungle. Methodology A case-control study was carried out with 270 children, of which 90 referred to cases and 180, to controls. Patients with pulp disease were diagnosed according to the criteria of the Association of Endodontists and the American Board of Endodontics. A specific questionnaire was used to assess ferrous sulfate consumption, maternal education level, maternal age, occupation, and household income. Data were analyzed using Pearson's correlation coefficient and a binary logistic regression. Results Iron deficiency anemia offers a risk factor for pulp disease in children (OR 7.44, IC 95% 4.0-13.8). According to multivariate analysis using binary logistic regression, ferrous sulfate consumption (OR 13.8, IC 95% 5.6.33.9), maternal education level (OR 2.4, IC 95% 1.1-5.3), maternal age (OR 7.5, IC 95% 2.9-19.4), household income (OR 4.0, IC 95% 1.6-9.6), and caries (OR 10.7, IC 95% 4.5-25.7) configured independent factors that were statistically associated with pulp disease. Conclusion Iron deficiency anemia, ferrous sulfate consumption, maternal education level, maternal age, household income, and dental caries were positively associated with pulp disease in children
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Abstract Objective: We conducted a meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials evaluating the clinical effects of ferric carboxymaltose therapy compared to other intravenous iron in improving hemoglobin and serum ferritin in pregnant women. We also assessed the safety of ferric carboxymaltose vs. other intravenous iron. Data source: EMBASE, PubMed, and Web of Science were searched for trials related to ferric carboxymaltose in pregnant women, published between 2005 and 2021. We also reviewed articles from google scholar. The keywords "ferric carboxymaltose," "FCM," "intravenous," "randomized," "pregnancy," "quality of life," and "neonatal outcomes" were used to search the literature. The search was limited to pregnant women. Selection of studies: Studies related to ferric carboxymaltose in pregnancy were scanned. Observational studies, review articles, and case reports were excluded. Randomized studies in pregnant women involving ferric carboxymaltose and other intravenous iron formulations were shortlisted. Of 256 studies, nine randomized control trials were selected. Data collection: Two reviewers independently extracted data from nine selected trials Data synthesis: The final effect size for increase in hemoglobin after treatment was significant for ferric carboxymaltose vs. iron sucrose/iron polymaltose (standard mean difference 0.89g/dl [95% confidence interval 0.27,1.51]). The final effect size for the increase in ferritin after treatment was more for ferric carboxymaltose vs. iron sucrose/iron polymaltose (standard mean difference 22.53µg/L [-7.26, 52.33]). No serious adverse events were reported with ferric carboxymaltose or other intravenous iron. Conclusion: Ferric carboxymaltose demonstrated better efficacy than other intravenous iron in increasing hemoglobin and ferritin levels in treating iron deficiency anemia in pregnant women.
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SUMMARY OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to elucidate the cause and results of contractions occurring in term pregnant women receiving intravenous iron therapy. METHODS: During 2019-2020, 136 pregnant women beyond 35 weeks of gestation, who received intravenous iron treatment due to iron deficiency anemia, were included through retrospective screening. Iron deficiency anemia was defined as having hemoglobin levels <10 g/dL and ferritin levels <15 ng/mL, and the pregnant women underwent nonstress test before and after treatment. RESULTS: The average treatment week for the pregnant women was 36.82±0.74, and the presence of regular contractions in post-treatment follow-up nonstress tests was 72.1% (n=98). The average week of birth was 38.48±1.60. Pregnant women with contractions who had previous cesarean were found to have a mean delivery week of 36.82±0.67, which was statistically significant earlier than for nulliparous and multiparous women (p<0.001). Conclusion: In pregnant women with iron deficiency anemia who were beyond 35 weeks, temporary regular contractions may be observed in the nonstress test following intravenous iron replacement. We think that this effect may lead to early term birth in pregnant women with a history of cesarean section. It needs to be confirmed by further prospective studies and animal studies.
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Abstract Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the association between iron deficiency anemia and sleep duration in the first year of life. Methods: A total of 123 infants were investigated, with sleep being evaluated at 3, 6, and 12 months of age and anemia at birth and 6 months. The cutoff points for anemia and short sleep duration were hemoglobin <11 g/dL (at birth and/or 6 months) and <10 h (at 3, 6, and 12 months), respectively. The comparison of the average sleep time between infants with and without anemia was performed using the Student's t-test, and logistic regression models were also used to verify differences in the sleep duration (short/not short) between the groups. Linear regression analyses were conducted to determine the association between sleep duration and hemoglobin values. The analyses were adjusted for potential confounders. Results: Children with anemia were more likely to be short sleepers [odds ratio (95% confidence interval (CI)): 4.02 (1.02-15.76); p≤0.05], and for each unit increase in hemoglobin values, the sleep duration increased by 16.2 min [β (95%CI): 0.27 (0.00-0.55); p≤0.05), regardless of family income, maternal schooling, gender, and body mass index at birth. Conclusions: Our results suggest that iron deficiency anemia is associated with short sleep duration in the first year of life and indicate the need for longitudinal investigations, with longer follow-up, to verify the impact of anemia on sleep duration at subsequent ages.
RESUMO Objetivo: Investigar a associação entre a anemia por deficiência de ferro e a duração do sono no primeiro ano de vida. Métodos: Foram avaliadas 123 crianças, sendo o sono investigado aos três, seis e 12 meses de idade e a anemia ao nascimento e aos seis meses. Utilizaram-se como pontos de corte para anemia e curta duração de sono, respectivamente, hemoglobina<11 g/dL (nascimento e/ou seis meses) e tempo total <10 h (3, 6 e/ou 12 meses). A comparação do tempo médio de sono entre as crianças com e sem anemia foi realizada pelo teste t de Student e modelos de regressão logística foram usados para verificar diferenças na duração do sono (curta/não curta) entre os grupos. Análises de regressão linear foram conduzidas para determinar a associação entre a duração do sono e valores de hemoglobina. As análises foram ajustadas para potenciais confundidores. Resultados: As crianças com anemia tiveram maior chance de apresentar curta duração do sono [odds ratio — OR (intervalo de confiança — IC95%): 4,02 (1,02-15,76); p≤0,05]. Para cada unidade de aumento nos valores da hemoglobina, o tempo de sono aumentou em 16,2 min [β (IC95%): 0,27 (0,00-0,55); p≤0,05), independentemente de renda familiar, escolaridade materna, sexo e índice de massa corporal ao nascimento. Conclusões: Nossos resultados sugerem que a anemia ferropriva está associada à curta duração do sono no primeiro ano de vida e indicam a necessidade de investigações longitudinais, com maior tempo de seguimento, para verificar o impacto da anemia na duração do sono em idades subsequentes.
الملخص
Introducción: el déficit de hierro es la causa más común de anemia debido a carencia nutricional. Su tratamiento consiste en proporcionar alimentos ricos en hierro biodisponible junto con la administración de hierro oral. En circunstancias definidas puede utilizarse el hierro intravenoso. Objetivo: describir el abordaje diagnóstico y terapéutico de un niño portador de anemia ferropénica severa secundaria a mala adherencia al hierro oral en el que se utilizó hierro intravenoso. Caso clínico: niño de 21 meses, raza blanca. Antecedente de anemia ferropénica severa, con repercusión hemodinámica que a los 14 meses requirió transfusión de sangre desplasmatizada. Sin controles de hemoglobina posteriores. Sin adherencia a profilaxis con hierro vía oral. Alto consumo de leche de vaca y bajo consumo de alimentos ricos en hierro. En el contexto de infección respiratoria aguda baja se constata anemia clínica con marcado decaimiento y anorexia, sin repercusión hemodinámica. Se confirma la anemia microcítica, hipocrómica severa, con ancho de distribución eritrocitaria elevado, con metabolismo de hierro alterado. Recibe hierro sacarato, intravenoso, por seis días con buena tolerancia y evolución. Discusión: se identificaron múltiples factores de riesgo para anemia ferropénica. La pobre respuesta al tratamiento con hierro oral debido a efectos adversos y olvidos de administración, junto al antecedente de anemia ferropénica severa, que requirió transfusión de sangre desplasmatizada, motivaron la indicación de hierro intravenoso. Su administración fue programada y monitorizada, sin complicaciones. Es necesario fortalecer la prevención en todos los controles pediátricos y abordar este problema de salud desde una mirada interdisciplinaria.
Introduction: iron deficiency is the most common cause of anemia due to nutritional deficiency. Its treatment consists of providing bioavailable iron rich food together with oral iron. In specific circumstances, intravenous iron may be used. Objective: of this study is to describe the diagnostic and therapeutic approach used with a child with severe iron deficiency anemia secondary to poor adherence to oral iron, in which intravenous iron was used. Clinical case: 21 month-old white patient. History of severe iron deficiency anemia, with hemodynamic repercussions that at 14 months of age required transfusion of deplasmatized blood. Without subsequent hemoglobin controls. No adherence to oral iron prophylaxis. High consumption of cow's milk and low of iron-rich foods. Within the context of acute lower respiratory infection, a clinical anemia with marked decline and anorexia were observed, without hemodynamic repercussions. Severe hypochromic microcytic anemia was confirmed, with an elevated erythrocyte distribution width and altered iron metabolism. He received iron saccharate, intravenously for 6 days with good tolerance and evolution. Discussion: multiple risk factors for iron deficiency anemia were identified. The poor response to treatment with oral iron resulting from adverse effects and lack of proper administration, together with a history of severe iron deficiency anemia, which required transfusion of deplasmatized blood, led to the prescription of intravenous iron. This administration was scheduled and monitored, occurring without complications. It is necessary to strengthen prevention of this condition in all pediatric check-ups and address this health problem from an interdisciplinary perspective.
Introdução: a deficiência de ferro é a causa mais comum de anemia por deficiência nutricional. Seu tratamento consiste no fornecimento de alimentos ricos em ferro biodisponível, juntamente com a administração de ferro por via oral. Em circunstâncias especificas, pode ser utilizado ferro intravenoso. Objetivo: descrever a abordagem diagnóstica e terapêutica de uma criança com anemia ferropriva grave secundária a sua má adesão ao ferro oral, e o uso de ferro intravenoso. Caso clínico: 21 meses, raça branca. História de anemia ferropriva grave, com repercussão hemodinâmica que requiriu de transfusão de sangue desplasmatizada aos 14 meses. Não houve nenhum controle de hemoglobina subsequente. Nenhuma adesão à profilaxia oral com ferro. Alto consumo de leite de vaca e baixo consumo de alimentos ricos em ferro. No contexto de infecção respiratória inferior aguda, observa-se anemia clínica com acentuado emagrecimento e anorexia, sem repercussões hemodinâmicas. É confirmada anemia microcítica e hipocrômica grave, com largura de distribuição eritrocitária elevada e metabolismo alterado do ferro. Recebeu sacarose férrica intravenosa por 6 dias com boa tolerância e evolução. Discussão: foram identificados múltiplos fatores de risco para anemia ferropriva. A má resposta ao tratamento com ferro oral devido aos efeitos adversos e ao esquecimento da administração, aliás da história de anemia ferropriva grave, que exigiu transfusão de sangue desplasmatizada, motivaram a indicação do ferro intravenoso. Sua administração foi programada e monitorada, e aconteceu sem intercorrências. É preciso fortalecer a prevenção em todos os controles pediátricos e abordar este problema de saúde numa persectiva interdisciplinar.
الموضوعات
Humans , Male , Infant , Anemia, Iron-Deficiency/diagnosis , Anemia, Iron-Deficiency/drug therapy , Iron/administration & dosage , Administration, Oral , Risk Factors , Injections, Intravenousالملخص
Helicobacter Pylori(Hp)is a spiral bacterium that colonized on the surface of gastric muco-sal epithelium.It is the main cause of gastrointestinal diseases because human is the only natural host and can survive in gastric acid.In recent years,relevant clinical studies have shown that Hp infection is closely related to hematological diseases such as allergic purpura(HSP),immune thrombocytopenic purpura(ITP),iron de-ficiency anemia(IDA),megaloblastic anemia(MA),lymphoma,leukemia and so on.Therefore,for Hp infec-tion,early diagnosis and treatment are of great significance for improving the efficacy of hematological diseases.
الملخص
Objective To investigate the distribution of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)constitution in pregnant women with iron deficiency anemia(IDA)and its related influencing factors,so as to provide a reference for the TCM prevention and treatment of IDA in pregnancy.Methods A total of 109 eligible patients with IDA during pregnancy were included in the study.The general data of pregnant women,the TCM constitution types and relevant laboratory indicators including serum ferritin(Fer),hemoglobin(Hb)and mean corpuscular volume(MCV)were collected.Statistical analyses were conducted on the distribution of TCM constitution types of IDA pregnant women and its related influencing factors as well as the pregnancy outcomes.Results(1)The 109 IDA pregnant women were predominated by biased constitution types,accounted for 60 cases(55.05%).The distribution of the constitution types of 109 IDA pregnant women was as follows:balanced constitution(49 cases,44.95%)>damp-heat constitution(13 cases,11.93%)>yang deficiency constitution(12 cases,11.01%)>yin deficiency constitution(11 cases,10.09%)>qi deficiency constitution(10 cases,9.17%)>qi stagnation constitution(9 cases,8.26%)>blood stasis constitution(3 cases,2.75%)>phlegm-damp constitution(2 cases,1.83%).(2)Comparison of Hb and MCV levels in IDA pregnant women with various constitution types showed no statistically significant differences(P>0.05),but Fer level in IDA pregnant women with damp-heat constitution was significantly higher than that in IDA pregnant women with balanced constitution(P<0.01),and the probability of occurrence of amniotic opacity in IDA pregnant women with damp-heat constitution was significantly higher than that in IDA pregnant women with balanced constitution and other biased constitution types(P<0.05).Conclusion Damp-heat constitution is the most common TCM constitution type in pregnant women with IDA,followed by yang deficiency constitution,yin deficiency constitution and qi deficiency constitution.The damp-heat constitution may be the susceptible constitution of pregnant women with IDA,and IDA pregnant women with damp-heat constitution have significantly higher Fer level than those with balanced constitution,and also have the higher probability of occurrence of amniotic opacity than those with balanced constitution and other biased constitution types.
الملخص
Objective To investigate the application of intravenous iron in patients with abnormal uterine bleeding(AUD)and iron deficiency anemia(IDA)in gynecology,to establish the drug utilization evaluation(DUE)standard,and to comprehensively evaluate the rationality of the clinical application of intravenous iron by analytic hierarchy process(AHP),so as to provide reference for the rational use of intravenous iron in clinical practice.Methods The medical records of patients with AUD and IDA from January to December 2022 in the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui University of Science and Technology were collected,and the special rationality of the drug was evaluated from the aspects of indications,route and frequency of administration,daily dosage,solvent,combination medication,and contraindications of iron sucrose injection,and the DUE standard of the drug was formulated.AHP was used to analyze and evaluate 113 archived cases of intravenous iron in gynecology from January to December 2022.Results A total of 113 patients were treated with iron sucrose injection,and the indications,route of administration,solvent,contraindications,and allergic reactions were reasonable.The main unreasonableness was that the frequency of administration was inappropriate,the daily dose was inappropriate,the combination was not appropriate,the total iron supplement was not up to standard,and there was no continuous drug monitoring after medication.The case scores 90~100,70~<90 and 60~<70 were 6(5.31%),106(93.81%)and 1(0.88%),respectively.Conclusion Patients with AUD and IDA should pay attention to the dosage,total amount of iron supplementation,combined application of drugs and continuous medication monitoring after intravenous iron supplementation,so as to improve the rationality of their use.
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Introduction: Iron deficiency and psychomotor developmental delay are two public health problems that cause high childhood morbidity and mortality worldwide, which can be related to social, economic, cultural and health factors that affect the environment where children and their family live. Objective: To determine the relationship between iron deficiency anemia and psychomotor development in children aged 2 to 4 years treated at the Cuyumalca Clinic, Chota. Materials and methods: Relational, cross-sectional study conducted on 48 children, who underwent hemoglobin testing through a portable hemoglobinometer and were subjected to the Psychomotor Development Test. Results: 31.2% of the children displayed some type of anemia, with the most common being moderate anemia (17.7%). On average, 10.9% showed some type of psychomotor developmental delay, including coordination (6.3%), language (8.4%), motor skills (16.7%), and overall development (12.5%). 4.2% of the children who had minor to moderate anemia showed developmental delay risks in the three assessed areas as well as in their overall development. Conclusion: There is no statistically significant relationship between iron deficiency anemia and several domains of psychomotor development, including coordination, language, motor skills as well as overall development.
Introducción: La deficiencia de hierro y las alteraciones en el desarrollo psicomotor son dos problemas de salud pública que causan una alta morbimortalidad infantil alrededor del mundo. Los estudios apuntan a que esto se relaciona con los factores sociales, económicos, culturales y sanitarios en los que el niño y su familia vive. Objetivo: Determinar la relación entre anemia ferropénica y desarrollo psicomotor en niños de 2 a 4 años atendidos en el Puesto de Salud de Cuyumalca, Chota. Materiales y métodos: Estudio relacional, transversal, desarrollado con 48 niños a quienes se les realizó un dosaje de hemoglobina con hemoglobinómetro portátil y se les aplicó el Test de Desarrollo Psicomotor. Resultados: El 31,2% de niños presentaron algún tipo de anemia, siendo la anemia moderada la más frecuente (16,7%); en promedio 10,9% evidenciaron alguna alteración en el desarrollo psicomotor en coordinación (6,3%), lenguaje (8,4%), motricidad (16,7%) y desarrollo global (12,5%). El 4,2% de niños con riesgo para el desarrollo presentaron anemia leve o moderada en las tres áreas evaluadas, al igual que en el desarrollo global. Conclusión: No existe relación estadística significativa entre anemia ferropénica y desarrollo psicomotor para las áreas de coordinación, lenguaje y motricidad; además del desarrollo global.
Introdução: A deficiência de ferro e as alterações no desenvolvimento psicomotor são dois problemas de saúde pública que causam elevada morbidade e mortalidade infantil em todo o mundo. Estudos sugerem que isso está relacionado aos fatores sociais, econômicos, culturais e de saúde em que vivem a criança e sua família. Objetivo: Determinar a relação entre anemia ferropriva e desenvolvimento psicomotor em crianças de 2 a 4 anos atendidas no Posto de Saúde Cuyumalca, Chota. Materiais e métodos: Estudo relacional, transversal, desenvolvido com 48 crianças que realizaram dosagem de hemoglobina com hemoglobinômetro portátil e foi aplicado o Teste de Desenvolvimento Psicomotor. Resultados: 31,2% das crianças apresentaram algum tipo de anemia, sendo a anemia moderada a mais frequente (16,7%); em média, 10,9% apresentaram alguma alteração no desenvolvimento psicomotor na coordenação (6,3%), linguagem (8,4%), motricidade (16,7%) e desenvolvimento global (12,5%). 4,2% das crianças em risco de desenvolvimento apresentaram anemia leve ou moderada nas três áreas avaliadas, bem como no desenvolvimento global. Conclusão: Não há relação estatística significativa entre anemia ferropriva e desenvolvimento psicomotor para as áreas de coordenação, linguagem e motricidade; bem como o desenvolvimento global.
الموضوعات
Humans , Male , Female , Child, Preschool , Hematologic Diseases , Medicine , Health , Public Health , Anemiaالملخص
RESUMEN Objetivos. Caracterizar el estado del hierro y proponer factores de ajuste de hemoglobina por altitud, en niños de 6 a 8 meses de Lima, Arequipa, Cusco y Puno. Materiales y métodos. Estudio transversal en niños de 6 a 8 meses de edad en cuatro ciudades, se midió hemoglobina y otros biomarcadores de hierro, Proteína C reactiva (PCR), entre otros. Para estimar la ecuación de ajuste, se aplicó una regresión exponencial y excluimos a los niños con deficiencia de hierro (DH) y/o inflamación. Resultados. Las proporciones de DH fueron mayores en Puno y Arequipa, mientras que la inflamación no superó el 19% en ninguna de las ciudades. La hemoglobina mostró un incremento exponencial a mayor altitud. La ecuación de ajuste fue: 10,34249 x (1,00007 ^ Alt). Conclusiones. Los niños residentes en Arequipa y Puno mostraron mayores proporciones de DH y menores reservas de hierro; además el aumento de la hemoglobina por altitud fue exponencial evidenciando la necesidad de ajustar la hemoglobina en altura.
ABSTRACT Objective. To describe the iron status profile and to propose hemoglobin adjustment factors for altitude for children aged 6 to 8 months in Lima, Arequipa, Cusco and Puno. Materials and methods. Cross-sectional study in children aged 6 to 8 months from four cities. We measured hemoglobin and other iron biomarkers, C-reactive protein (CRP), among others. To estimate the adjustment equation, we applied an exponential regression. We excluded children with iron deficiency (ID) and/or inflammation. Results. The proportions of ID were higher in Puno and Arequipa, while inflammation did not exceed 19% in any of the cities. Hemoglobin showed an exponential increase at higher altitude. The adjustment equation was: 10.34249 x (1.00007 ^ Alt). Conclusions. Children residing in Arequipa and Puno showed higher rates of ID and lower iron reserves; furthermore, the increase in hemoglobin by altitude was exponential, showing the need to adjust hemoglobin at altitude.
الملخص
Introducción: El hierro de administración intravenosa (iv) está indicado en los casos en que el tratamiento oral no es posible. El objetivo de este trabajo fue describir el perfil de uso, respuesta terapéutica y seguridad de la administración de hierro iv en el tratamiento de la anemia ferropénica en niños, niñas y adolescentes (NNA) asistidos en un centro de referencia de Uruguay entre 2018 y 2023. Método: Estudio retrospectivo mediante revisión de historias. Incluyó todos los NNA que recibieron hierro iv. Se registraron variables sociodemográficas, comorbilidades, clínica y severidad de la anemia. Se evaluó: motivos de la indicación y tipo de hierro iv, dosis, tiempo de infusión, respuesta terapéutica y efectos adversos. Resultados: Se incluyeron 35 pacientes, mediana de edad 4 años; 51,4% de sexo masculino, con comorbilidades 37,1%. Todos los menores de 3 años presentaban factores de riesgo para anemia ferropénica, la falta de adherencia al hierro oral se asoció con mayor severidad de la anemia (p<0,05). El motivo principal de indicación de hierro iv fue la severidad de la anemia e inadecuada respuesta al hierro oral concomitante en 37,1%. Todos recibieron hierro sacarato; mediana de dosis: 2 mg/kg y de tiempo de infusión: 1 hora. Se registró un caso de edema y exantema de cara vinculado a la rápida infusión. La evolución fue satisfactoria. Conclusiones: La administración de hierro iv fue segura. Es necesario establecer consensos respecto a la posología y monitorización. Se requieren nuevos estudios para continuar evaluando la eficacia y seguridad del hierro iv en sus diversas formulaciones.
Introduction: Intravenous (IV) iron administration it is indicated in cases where oral treatment is impossible. The objective of this work was to describe the profile of use, therapeutic response, and safety of the iron IV administration in treating anemia in children and adolescents (NNA) assisted in a reference center in Uruguay between 2018 and 2023. Method: Retrospective study through review of histories. It included all children and adolescents who received IV iron. Sociodemographic variables, comorbidities, clinical symptoms, and severity of anemia they were recorded. They were evaluated: reasons for the indication and type of IV iron, dose, infusion time, therapeutic response, and adverse effects. Results: we included 35 patients, with a median age of four years; 51.4% were male, and 37.1% had comorbidities. All children under three years of age had risk factors for iron deficiency anemia; greater severity of anemia was associated with lack of adherence to oral iron (p<0.05). The main reason for the indication of IV iron was the severity of anemia and inadequate response to concomitant oral iron at 37.1%. All received iron saccharate; median dose: 2 mg/kg and infusion time: 1 hour. A case of facial edema and rash linked to rapid infusion was recorded. The evolution was satisfactory. Conclusions: The administration of IV iron was safe. It is necessary to establish a consensus regarding dosage and monitoring. New studies are required to continue evaluating the efficacy and safety of IV iron in its various formulations.