United States bioterror attacks and laboratory accidents in recent years and the impact on its policy-making / 军事医学

In the decades to come,the increasing development of biotechnology may give a significant boost to bioweapons.Herein,we summarize bioterror attacks and critical laboratory accidents that have happened in the United States since the late 20th Century.Based on this description,we analyze its policies involved and the strategic shift the US government came up with.In view of with the current situation and potential risks of biotechnology,we make recommendations on the administration of Chinese biosafety laboratories and ways of responding to biothreat.

Accidental infection by Trypanosoma cruzi follow-up by the polymerase chain reaction: case report / Infecção acidental pelo Trypanosoma cruzi acompanhada pela reação em cadeia da polimerase: relato de caso

We report a case of accidental infection by Trypanosoma cruzi in a 42-year-old female patient who presented an inoculation chagoma. Laboratory confirmation was based on examination of fresh blood, Giemsa-stained blood smear, immunoenzyme test (EIA-IgG), indirect immunofluorescence (IIF-IgM, IgG) and polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Only the PCR gave a positive result, and the EIA test was inconclusive. Two treatments with benznidazole were necessary. PCR was the only technique that continued to give positive results for approximately two months (65 days, or 2.2 months) following the second treatment and negative results from 96 days (3.2 months) to 850 days (28.3 months). We concluded that the presence of an inoculation chagoma and use of PCR were important and decisive for diagnosis and follow-up of the case.

Reportamos caso de infecção acidental pelo Trypanosoma cruzi em paciente do gênero feminino, 42 anos, que apresentou chagoma de inoculação. A confirmação laboratorial foi realizada pelo exame de sangue a fresco, esfregaço corado com Giemsa, imunoenzimaensaio (ELISA-IgG), imunofluorescência indireta (IFI-IgM, IgG) e reação em cadeia da polimerase (PCR). Somente a PCR foi positiva e a ELISA foi inconclusiva. Dois tratamentos com benznidazol foram necessários. PCR foi a única técnica que permaneceu positiva por aproximadamente dois meses (65 dias ou 2,2 meses) após o segundo tratamento e negativa de 96 dias (3,2 meses) a 850 dias (28,3 meses). Concluimos que a presença do chagoma de inoculação e o uso da PCR foram importantes e decisivos para o diagnóstico e o acompanhamento do caso.