الملخص
RESUMEN Objetivo Determinar el impacto de una intervención educativa sobre la frecuencia de prescripciones médicas adecuadas de tromboprofilaxis en un servicio de medicina de un hospital general. Material y métodos Estudio quasi experimental, en el cual en la fase pre-intervención se obtuvieron las frecuencias de indicación de tromboprofilaxis adecuada por parte de los médicos del servicio de medicina. Se realizó una intervención educativa de 8 semanas a este mismo grupo de médicos. En la fase post intervención se midió la frecuencia de la tromboprofilaxis adecuada a los 2 y 4 meses después de la intervención. Resultados La intervención educativa se implementó en 112 médicos residentes de las especialidades de medicina. La totalidad de prescripciones fueron hechas por los médicos residentes de primer año y refrendadas por su médico supervisor. Previamente a la intervención se obtuvieron 47 (44,35%) prescripciones adecuadas, 13 (12,26%) subóptimas, 4 (3,77%) inadecuadas y 42 (39, 62%) ausencia de prescripción. Luego de la intervención se obtuvieron a los 2 meses subsiguientes: 78 (75,72%) prescripciones adecuadas, 7 (6,79%) subóptimas, 4 (2,91%) inadecuadas y 15 (14,58%) ausencias de prescripción, habiendo diferencia significativa con el nivel basal. A los 4 meses subsiguientes postintervención se obtuvieron: 86 (83,49%) adecuada, 5(4,85%) subóptima, 2 (1,94%) inadecuada y 10 (9,72%) ausencia de prescripción, habiendo diferencia significativa con el nivel basal. No hubo aumento en la frecuencia de sobre uso. Conclusiones La aplicación de una estrategia educativa al personal médico fue efectiva en el incremento de las prescripciones de tromboprofilaxis correctamente indicadas en un servicio de medicina. No se encontró sobreuso de la tromboprofilaxis luego de la intervención.
SUMMARY Objective To determine whether an educational intervention strategy would improve the frequency of medical prescriptions for adequate thromboprophylaxis in a medicine service. Methods Quasi-experimental study, in which in the pre-intervention phase the frequencies of indication of appropriate thromboprophylaxis by physicians from the medicine service were obtained. An 8-week educational intervention was carried out with this same group of doctors. In the post-intervention phase, the frequency of adequate thromboprophylaxis was measured at 2 and 4 months after the intervention. Results The educational intervention was implemented in 112 resident physicians in medicine specialties. All prescriptions were made by the first-year resident physicians and endorsed by their supervising physician. Prior to the intervention, 47 (44.35%) adequate prescriptions were obtained, 13 (12.26%) suboptimal, 4 (3.77%) inadequate, and 42 (39, 62%) no prescription. After the intervention, the following 2 months were obtained: 78 (75.72%) adequate prescriptions, 7 (6.79%) suboptimal, 4 (2.91%) inadequate and 15 (14.58%) no prescriptions, there being a significant difference with the baseline level. At the subsequent 4 months post-intervention, the following were obtained: 86 (83.49%) adequate, 5 (4.85%) suboptimal, 2 (1.94%) inadequate and 10 (9.72%) no prescription, with a difference significant with the baseline level. There was no increase in the frequency of overuse. Conclusions The application of an educational strategy to medical personnel was effective in increasing correctly indicated thromboprophylaxis prescriptions in a medical service. No overuse of thromboprophylaxis was found after the intervention.
الملخص
Since the World Health Organization(WHO)officially announced COVID-19 as a global pandemic in 2020,114 countries or regions in the world have been affected to varying degrees.The arrival of the post-epidemic era requires countries to take new epidemic prevention and control measures to deal with the problems and challenges that may arise in the future.In order to help China consolidate its epidemic prevention achievements over the years and gain a larger development window in the post-epidemic era,this study explored the changes in the global epidemic situation and the major national prevention and control policies in different countries,summarized the development and changes of China's epidemic prevention and control policies,and proposed new family-centered precision prevention and control measures that adapt to China's national conditions.
الملخص
Objective To evalute the drug resistance characteristics of tuberculosis(TB)patients of all ages in Guangdong Province during 2014-2020,and provide prevention and treatment strategies of tuberculosis.Method We used 39,048 clinical isolates of Mycobacterium tuberculosis(MTB)belonging to patients with confirmed TB from 2014 to 2020,from 32 TB drug-resistant surveillance sites in Guangdong Province,and we retrospectively analyzed the laboratories data of patients with drug-resistant TB,and grouped patients by age and region,to explore the trend of drug-resistance of MTB clinical isolates,the trend and incidence differences of multi-resistant TB(including monodrug-resistant TB(MR-TB),polydrug-resistant TB(PDR-TB),multidrug-resistant TB(MDR-TB)and exten-sively drug-resistant TB(XDR-TB)),and resistance characteristics of MTB clinical isolates to drugs in focus(rifam-picin and ofloxacin).Result The differences in the resistance rates of MTB clinical isolates to nine antituberculosis drugs among patients at 32 TB drug resistance surveillance sites in Guangdong Province from 2014 to 2020 were not statistically significant(P>0.05).The rates of MR-TB,PDR-TB,MDR-TB,XDR-TB,and total resistance isolates of MTB clinical isolates were 14.46%,5.16%,5.16%,4.58%,and 1.29%,respectively.he pediatric group had a higher MR rate(15.4%)than the adult and geriatric groups,while the adult and geriatric groups had higher MDR rates(5.0%and 5.0%,respectively).The geriatric group also had a higher XDR rate(2.1%),with statistically significant differences(P<0.001).The rates of MR-TB(14.8%),PDR-TB(5.3%),MDR-TB(4.7%),XDR-TB(1.4%),ofloxacin resistance(11.33%)and rifampicin resistance(6.92%)of MTB clinical isolates were higher in patients from the Pearl River Delta than in other regions of Guangdong Province,with statistically significant differ-ences(P<0.001).Conclusion According to the data from the surveillance sites,the epidemiological trend of drug-resistant TB in Guangdong Province is leveling off during the period 2014-2020.However,the incidence of drug-resistant TB is higher in specific populations(e.g.children and the elderly),and the incidence of drug-resistant TB and the rate of drug resistance to drugs in focus are higher in the Pearl River Delta than in other regions of Guang-dong Province,necessitating further investigation and the development of novel prevention and control strategies.
الملخص
The increasing incidence of myopia has become a significant public health issue worldwide.Since its estab-lishment in 2015,the International Myopia Institute(IMI)has published a series of white papers on myopia prevention and control in 2019 and 2021,advancing the scientific management and clinical research of myopia prevention and control worldwide.In 2023,IMI released new white papers on myopia prevention and control.In this paper,the highlights of the third series of IMI white papers on children,young adults,and emerging research areas in myopia are interpreted,intend-ing to help related professionals understand the management and research focus of myopia patients of different ages.
الملخص
Purpose/Significance To discuss the new demands and scenarios of disease prevention and control informatization brought about by emerging information technologies,and to provide references for the deep integration of information technology and the modernization of disease prevention and control system.Method/Process The paper analyzes the exploratory applications of emerging in-formation technologies in electronic medical record and disease report intelligent analysis,regional syndrome monitoring,large-scale dis-ease investigation and auxiliary epidemiological investigation,multi-channel monitoring and early warning,portable individual soldier communication under health emergency,and expounds the causes of problems that have not yet formed a systematic construction situation.Result/Conclusion Suggestions on the future development of modern disease prevention and control informatization are put forward to pro-vide technical support for improving public health service capabilities and innovating business changes.
الملخص
Objective:To investigate the epidemic distribution and characteristics of brucellosis in Heze City, and to provide a basis for formulating prevention and control measures in the future.Methods:The data of Heze City brucellosis reported from January 1, 2017 to December 31, 2021, were collected from the China Disease Prevention and Control Information System. The epidemiological case questionnaires of brucellosis in Heze City from January 1, 2017 to December 31, 2021 were collected from the centers for disease control and prevention of various cities, counties and districts. Retrospective analysis was used to conduct a descriptive analysis of the distributions, clinical manifestations and epidemiological history 3 weeks prior to the onset of the disease in Heze City from 2017 to 2021.Results:From 2017 to 2021, a total of 1 543 cases of brucellosis were reported in Heze City, with no death. The highest incidence was in 2018 (5.16/100 000). The peak period was from March to June each year (759 cases). There were cases reported in all counties (districts) of the city, and the counties (districts) with more cases were Mudan District (386 cases), Cao County (271 cases), Yuncheng County (251 cases), Shan County (138 cases) and Juye County (132 cases). The minimum age of onset was 11 months, and the maximum was 84 years old, mainly between the ages of 20 to 69 (1 381 cases). The gender ratio between males and females was 2.50 ∶ 1.00 (1 102 ∶ 441). Farmers had the highest incidence of the disease (1 329 cases). Main clinical manifestations were fever, hyperhidrosis, fatigue, muscle and joint soreness. Epidemiological history investigation within 3 weeks before the onset of the disease revealed 1 124 cases of close contact with animals, including 1 044 cases of contact with sheep.Conclusions:From 2017 to 2021, the incidence of brucellosis in Heze City shows a trend of first rising and then decreasing, and the epidemic affects all counties (districts) of the city, mainly middle-aged and elderly men. In the future, it is necessary to strictly control the flow of diseased animals, increase immunization and quarantine, and block the transmission route.
الملخص
Objective To understand the infection status of patients with maintenance hemodialysis(MHD)in Guizhou Province,and provide basis for the prevention and control of hemodialysis-related infection.Methods MHD patients in hemodialysis centers of 124 secondary and or higher grade medical institutions in Guizhou Province from July to December 2022 were surveyed.Survey content included the general conditions of patients,hemodialysis-related conditions,infection of pathogens of blood-borne diseases,and other infection-related conditions.Results A total of 15 114 MHD patients were surveyed,with age mainly ranging from 36 to＜60 years old(55.83％).Hemodialysis history ranged mainly from 1 year to＜5 years(59.37％),and the frequency of hemodi-alysis was mainly 3 times per week(73.91％).Autologous arteriovenous fistula(AVF)was the major vascular access for dialysis,with a total of 12 948 cases(85.77％).The main primary disease was chronic renal failure(99.89％).The infection rates of hepatitis B virus(HBV),hepatitis C virus(HCV),human immunodeficiency vi-rus(HIV),and Treponema pallidum in MHD patients were 5.29％,0.64％,0.24％,and 1.70％,respectively.HBV infection rates among MHD patients of different ages,different numbers of dialysis hospitals,and dialysis in-stitutions of different scales showed statistically significant differences(all P＜0.05).HCV infection rates among MHD patients of different ages,with different dialysis times and from institutions of different scales were signifi-cantly different(all P＜0.05).TP infection rates among MHD patients of different ages and different numbers of dialysis hospitals were all significantly different(all P＜0.05).Infection rates of HBV and HCV in MHD patients aged from 36 to 60 years old(not included)were relatively higher(6.10％and 0.84％,respectively).Patients with dialysis time ≥10 years had a higher HCV infection rate(1.64％).Infection rates of HCV,HIV,and TP in pa-tients dialyzed in medical institutions with ≥90 dialysis beds were relatively higher(0.74％,0.28％,and 1.94％,respectively).Medical institutions with＜30 dialysis beds had the highest HBV infection rate(18.64％).There were 9 cases(0.06％)of vascular puncture infection,12 cases(0.08％)of bloodstream infection,7 cases(0.05％)of vascular access-related bloodstream infection,and 30 cases(0.20％)of pulmonary infection.Vascular access-re-lated bloodstream infection rate and pulmonary infection rate among MHD patients with different types of vascular access showed statistically significant difference(all P＜0.05).Vascular access-related bloodstream infection rate(0.37％)and pulmonary infection rate(1.10％)of patients with non-cuffed catheters vascular access were higher than those of other types.Conclusion MHD patients in Guizhou Province are mainly middle-aged and young peo-ple,with more males than females.The dialysis frequency is mostly 3 times per week,and AVF is the major vascu-lar access.MHD patients are prone to complications such as infections of HBV,HCV,HIV,and TP,as well as bloodstream infection and pulmonary infection.
الملخص
Objective To explore the application of metagenomic next-generation sequencing(mNGS)technology in the investigation of healthcare-associated infection(HAI)outbreaks of carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter bau-mannii(CRAB).Methods Pathogenic detection by mNGS and conventional pathogen culture were performed on 5 patients in the intensive care unit(ICU)of a hospital from June 8 to 22,2023 from whom CRAB were detected.Microbial sampling was carried out in potentially contaminated environment.Bacterial culture,identification,and antimicrobial susceptibility testing were conducted.Comprehensive control measures were taken,and the effect was evaluated.Results The time required for reporting results by mNGS was shorter than the culture time([3.92± 1.05]days vs[6.24±0.25]days,P＜0.001).CRAB was isolated from the specimens of 5 patients.mNGS de-tected OXA-23 resistance genes from all patients.After comprehensive assessment by experts,4 patients were HAI and 1 patient was due to specimen contamination.According to the definition from Guidelines for HAI outbreak control,this event was considered an outbreak of HAI.The monitoring results of environmental hygiene showed that the detection rate of CRAB in the environment during the outbreak was 51.30％(59/115),mainly from the hands of health care workers and the surface of ventilators.After implementing multidisciplinary infection control measures,clinicians'hand hygiene compliance rate and implementation rate of ventilator disinfection increased from 40.83％(49/120)and 33.33％(16/48)to 82.61％(95/115)and 83.33％(30/36),respectively.The prognosis of patients was good,and no new case emerged during subsequent monitoring.The outbreak of HAI in this hospital has been effectively controlled.Conclusion mNGS is characterized by high precision,less time consumption,and high accuracy,and can be applied to the prevention and control of HAI outbreak and the study of antimicrobial-re-sistant genomes.It is of great significance for the anti-infection treatment of patients with multidrug-resistant orga-nism infection as well as the formulation of HAI prevention and control measures.Continuous improving disinfec-tion effectiveness and hand hygiene compliance is important for preventing and controlling CRAB infection.
الملخص
Objective To observe the effectiveness of fluorescence labeling-based assay bundle intervention in the prevention and control of multidrug-resistant organism(MDRO)infection.Methods Patients who were detected MDRO in a hospital from January to December 2022 were selected as the research subjects.MDRO monitoring data and implementation status of prevention and control measures were collected.Fluorescence labeling assay was adopted to monitor the cleaning and disinfection effectiveness of the surrounding object surface of the bed units.Based on the bundled prevention and control measures as well as management mode of the pre-intervention group,the post-intervention group implemented enhanced rectification measures for the problems found by the pre-interven-tion group.Changes in relevant indicators between January-June 2022(before intervention)and July-December 2022(after intervention)were compared.Results There were 136 MDRO-infected patients in the pre-intervention group,208 MDRO strains were detected and 10 healthcare-associated infection(HAI)occurred.There were 128 MDRO-infected patients in the post-intervention group,198 MDRO strains were detected and 9 HAI occurred.Af-ter intervention,the total detection rates of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus(MRSA),carbapenem-re-sistant Acinetobacter baumannii(CRAB),and total MDRO from patients decreased significantly compared to before intervention(all P＜0.05).After intervention,the detection rates of MRSA,carbapenem-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa(CRPA),CRAB,and total MDRO from the surrounding object surface were all lower than those before intervention(all P＜0.05).The detection rate of MDRO from surrounding object surface before intervention was 34.52％,which showed a decreased trend after intervention(P＜0.05).The clearance rate of fluorescent labeled markers before intervention was 41.84％,which showed an upward trend after implementing intervention measures(from July to December),and increased to 85.00％at the end of intervention(November-December).The comp-liance rates of issuing isolation medical orders,placing isolation labels,using medical supplies exclusively,and cor-rectly handling medical waste after intervention have all increased compared to before intervention(all P＜0.05).Conclusion Adopting fluorescence labeling-based assay bundle intervention can effectively improve the effectiveness of MDRO infection prevention and control.
الملخص
In recent years,the incidence of Elizabethkingia infection has increased significantly.Elizabethkingia can cause pneumonia,meningitis,and bacteremia,etc.The high rate of drug resistance leads to prolonged hospital stay and increased mortality,posing a heavy burden to patients and society.This paper reviews the epidemiology,pathogenesis and drug resistance of Elizabethkingia,with a view to providing a reference for the clinical diagnosis,treatment,prevention and control of Elizabethkingia infection.
الملخص
Lyme disease is a natural zoonotic infectious disease transmitted by ticks infected by different genotypes of Borre-lia burgdorferi sensu lato,which was discovered in the 1970s.This pathogen is prevalent primarily in temperate and subtropi-cal areas.Dogs,cats,horses,cattle,deer,and other animals are susceptible,and humans are also susceptible hosts.The main symptoms of Lyme disease in humans are erythema migrans,arthritis,and other neurological symptoms,and the common symptoms in infected animals include joint diseases,coat shedding,fever,laminitis,and lameness.Lyme disease is wide-spread,but diagnosis is difficult,and this disease is easily misdiagnosed and missed.Awareness of Lyme disease must be in-creased to avoid its toll on livestock and the pet industry.Therefore,this article reviews research progress in diagnosis and con-trol technology for animal Lyme disease and Borrelia burgdorferi,to provide a reference for accurate,rapid diagnosis and con-trol of Lyme disease.
الملخص
Informed consent is an important medical ethical principle,which has been widely applied in clinical treatment and medical research.However,it is not fully applicable in epidemic prevention and control.The public characteristics of the technical means and governance measures of epidemic prevention and control have led to the lack of some elements of informed consent or changes in ethical standards.The principle of informed consent plays an important role in safeguarding individual rights and interests,therefore its practical value can't be ignored.One of the solutions is to redefine the connotation and practice path of informed consent,including emphasizing the combination of group-informed and individual-informed in the informed process,as well as grasping the boundaries of autonomy,and clarifying the way and scope of legal consent in the process of consent,so as to construct a paradigm of informed consent principles applicable to epidemic prevention and control work.
الملخص
Objective To explore the quantitative evaluation of integrity risk prevention and control in public hospitals,provide reference for improving the quality and efficiency of integrity risk prevention and control.Methods Self-designed"Inspection Standards for Integrity Risk Prevention and Control of Power Matters in Public Hospitals"was used to score and rate the power matters provided by each functional department/clinical department of West China Hospital of Sichuan University from three aspects:the clarity of power operation process,the accuracy of finding integrity risk points,the effectiveness of prevention and control measures.Results A total of 236 power matters of the hospital were inspected for integrity risk prevention and control,and according to the inspection criteria,57 items were rated as first grade,103 items were rated as second grade,and 76 items were rated as third grade,accounting for 24.15％,43.64％and 32.20％,respectively.The score for the special work of integrity risk prevention and control was 5.82±1.92 points,of which the process dimension score was 2.11±0.75 points,the risk points dimension score was 1.89±0.92 points,the prevention and control dimension score is 1.89± 0.79 points,which reflects the problems of unclear workflow,inaccurate finding of individual risk points,and unspecified prevention and control measures in some units.Conclusion Hospitals should focus on the concreteness,accuracy,salience and quantification in the long-term construction of integrity risk prevention and control from the aspects of thought,behavior,effectiveness and evaluation.
الملخص
The visual impairment and blindness caused by myopia have become a global burden, and the World Health Organization has included the prevention and control of myopia in the global program for preventing blindness. In China, the development of myopia is showing a trend with higher incidence, younger age, and higher refractive errors. Moving forward the port of prevention and control myopia has become an important strategy to address the current predicament. Premyopia refers to the stage in children where the refractive power is ≤+0.75 D and >-0.50 D, and there are multiple risk factors during this stage that can potentially lead to myopia. Currently, the incidence of premyopia and its transformation into myopia is high, and the key prevention and control measures include building a predictive model for the transformation of premyopia into myopia, emphasizing the reduction of exposure to risk factors, using low-concentration atropine eye drops, red light therapy, and optical defocus intervention. This article provides a comprehensive review of the current situation regarding the incidence of premyopia and its transformation into myopia, as well as the research progress on existing prevention and control measures, with the aim of providing relevant references for the prevention and control of myopia during the premyopia stage.
الملخص
Background At present, occupational poisoning has become one of the most serious occupational diseases that jeopardize the health of workers in China, in addition to pneumoconiosis, with a wide range of impacts and heavy social and economic losses. Objective To analyze the characteristics and patterns of the incidence of occupational poisoning in Tianjin from 2006 to 2020, and to provide a scientific basis for the development of effective intervention measures and prevention strategies. Methods The Occupational Diseases and Health Hazards Monitoring Information System, a module of the China Disease Prevention and Control Information System, was the primary data source of the study. The case files of acute and chronic occupational poisoning diagnosed by occupational disease diagnostic institutions in Tianjin from January 1, 2006 to December 31, 2020 were retrieved from the system. The data included basic information, occupational history, disease characteristics, and employer information. Excel 2016 was used to establish database, and frequencies and composition ratios were reported. Results From 2006 to 2020, a total of 234 cases of occupational chemical poisoning were reported in Tianjin, including 49 cases of acute occupational poisoning (20.94%) and 185 cases of chronic occupational poisoning (79.06%). The number of acute occupational poisoning cases showed a rising and then falling trend, and the number of chronic occupational poisoning cases showed an overall decreasing trend. Acute occupational poisoning mainly occurred in the four districts around the city (22 cases, 44.90%), and chronic occupational poisoning mainly occurred in Binhai New Area (90 cases, 48.65%). More male cases were reported than female cases. The age of onset was concentrated at 45-55 years old. The acute occupational poisoning cases were concentrated in the group with less than 5 years of service (22 cases, 44.90%), mainly asphyxiating gas poisoning, and the highest incidence was reported in chemical raw materials and chemical products manufacturing industry. The chronic occupational poisoning cases were concentrated in the groups with a working age of 5-14 years (70 cases, 37.84%), mainly organic solvent poisoning, and the highest incidence was also reported in chemical raw materials and chemical products manufacturing industry. Conclusion The prevention and control of occupational poisoning as well as health surveillance and management in Tianjin shall be carried out in a hierarchical and focused manner in accordance with types of acute and chronic occupational poisoning chemicals in the city, regional economic differences, types of industries, and distribution of workers.
الملخص
Objective @#To analyze the incidence characteristics and trends in pulmonary tuberculosis in the Hotan prefecture , before and after the epidemic , and to provide a reference basis for the formulation and evaluation of tuberculosis prevention and control measures in the Hotan prefecture . @*Methods @#The Hotan prefecture ’s pulmonary tuberculosis incidence data was collected between 2015 and 2021 . Joinpoint regression (JPR) model and Interrupted Time Series (ITS) model were established to explore the incidence trend of pulmonary tuberculosis , as well as the impact of COVID-19 prevention and control measures in Xinjiang on the incidence trend in Hotan , respectively. Furthermore , an analysis of variations in incidence among different age and gender subgroups was carried out. @*Results@#The results of the JPR model showed that from 2015 to 2021 , the reported incidence rate of pulmonary tuberculosis in the Hotan prefecture initially increased and then decreased , with a turning point appearing in December 2018 . The incidence rate in males was slightly higher than that in females , and the turning point and incidence trend were consistent with the overall trend . Among all age subgroups , those ≥60 age group had the highest incidence rate , with the trend also showing an initial increase followed by a decrease . A turning point in the incidence rate for the under 18 age group appeared in June 2021 , yet the trend was not statistically significant (P > 0. 05) .The turning points in the 19 - 59 age group and in those aged ≥60 were consistent with the overall trend . The results of the ITS model showed that the incidence rate of pulmonary tuberculosis in the Hotan prefecture significantly decreased since January 2020 , dropping from 319. 28 per 100 000 in 2019 to 155 . 88 per 100 000 in 2021 , a decrease of 51 . 16% year-on-year , with a monthly average reduction of 0. 049 per 100 000 .@*Conclusion @# In 2018 ,Xinjiang province integrated tuberculosis screening into the universal health checkup for the entire population ,which led to the identification of numerous cases of tuberculosis . In the Hotan prefecture , the reported incidence of pulmonary tuberculosis peaked in December 2018 and then started to decline . Under the impact of COVID-19 isolation measures in Xinjiang , the reported incidence rate showed a notable decrease starting in January 2020 . Reiterating preventive measures and remaining watchful for the possible appearance of latent tuberculosis patients is crucial as the pandemic fades .
الملخص
Objective@#To investigate the awareness of hepatitis C prevention and control knowledge and its influencing factors among female sex workers (FSWs) in Jiaxing City, Zhejiang Province.@*Methods@#According to the HIV/AIDS Sentinel Surveillance Plan, FSWs at ages of 15 to 65 years monitored by the national AIDS surveillance sentinel in Jiaxing City were recruited, and demographic information, awareness of hepatitis C prevention and control knowledge and related behaviors were collected by questionnaire surveys. Factors affecting the awareness of hepatitis C prevention and control knowledge were identified by a multivariable logistic regression model.@*Results@#A total of 430 questionnaires were allocated, and 412 were valid, with an effective rate of 95.81%. The respondents had a mean age of (28.58±4.93) years, and included 258 unmarried FSWs (62.62%), 344 with registered residence outside Zhejiang Province (83.50%), 212 with junior high school education or below (51.46%) and 243 from high-end entertainment places (58.98%). The overall awareness of hepatitis C prevention and control knowledge among FSWs was 20.39%, and the awareness of "Transfusion of blood containing hepatitis C virus may acquire hepatitis C" (38.83%) and the awareness of "tattooing, eyebrow tattooing and ear piercing in streets or small shops may infect hepatitis C" (38.11%) were relatively low. Multivariable logistic regression analysis identified marital status (divorced or widowed, OR=0.161, 95%CI: 0.054-0.482), educational level (high school or technical secondary school, OR=2.568, 95%CI: 1.446-4.560; junior college or above, OR=6.110, 95%CI: 2.658 -14.045) and grade of entertainment places (high-end entertainment places, OR=2.756, 95%CI: 1.525-4.982) as factors affecting the awareness of hepatitis C prevention and control knowledge among FSWs.@*Conclusion@#FSWs in Jiaxing City have a low awareness of hepatitis C prevention and control knowledge, especially lacking of knowledge about the transmission routes and prognosis of hepatitis C.
الملخص
Objective To analyze the epidemic characteristics of pneumoconiosis in Jingmen City from 2011 to 2022, and to provide theoretical basis for formulating the occupational disease prevention plan of the “14th Five-Year Plan” in Jingmen City. Methods The data of pneumoconiosis cases in Jingmen City from 2011 to 2022 were collected from the Occupational Disease and Health Hazard Factors Monitoring Information System, and the information of disease classification, enterprise economic type, scale distribution, regional distribution, job distribution, dust exposure years and so on was statistically analyzed. Results A total of 260 cases of pneumoconiosis were reported in Jingmen City from 2011 to 2022, with an average of 13.81 years of exposure to dust, including 164 cases of coal workers' pneumoconiosis, 90 cases of silicosis and 6 cases of other pneumoconiosis. The cases were mainly distributed in Dongbao District with 160 cases (61.54%), Zhongxiang City with 72 cases (27.69%), and Duodao District with 18 cases (6.92%). The difference was statistically significant（χ2=217.846，P2=46.025，P<0.05). Conclusion Coal workers' pneumoconiosis and silicosis are the main types of occupational pneumoconiosis in Jingmen area, which will become the key prevention and control targets in Jingmen City for a long time and should be paid attention to. The cases are mainly concentrated in joint-stock, private economic type enterprises and small and medium-sized enterprises, which should be monitored intensively.
الملخص
Medical insurance fund is the foundation for the healthy operation of the medical insurance system, which is related to the well-being of the people and social stability. Medical institutions, as important entities in the implementation of medical insurance policies and the use of medical insurance funds, should continuously improve and optimize their self-management, and strengthen the prevention and control of clean risks in the use of medical insurance funds. This is not only a necessary response measure in the context of strict supervision of national medical insurance funds, but also an inevitable choice for hospitals under the trend of high-quality development. This article took a certain hospital as an example to illustrate the practice of sorting out the relevant authority directory for the use of medical insurance funds, analyze the integrity risk points of doctors, patients, and medical insurance reimbursement auditors; And introduced the practice of using a clean risk prevention and control grid to strengthen the hospital′s medical insurance fund, including improving the medical insurance management system, cultivating a sustainable culture of integrity, optimizing process design, improving information system construction, and improving medical insurance service modes, so as to provide reference for other medical institutions.
الملخص
Objective To investigate the status of familial aggregation of Helicobacter pylori (Hp) infection in Jinniu District, Chengdu, and analyze its risk factors so as to provide a basis for developing prevention and control strategies of family aggregation of Hp infection. Methods A total of 172 subjects in the Second Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College · 416 Hospital of Nuclear Industry from January 2022 to January 2023 were selected as the research subjects. All subjects underwent 13C-urea breath test (13C-UBT) to diagnose whether there was Hp infection. Analyze the current situation of family aggregation of Hp infection in the region, collect general data of survey subjects, analyze the relevant factors affecting Hp family aggregation infection, and develop prevention and control strategies based on this. Results A total of 242 people from 97 households were surveyed, and the Hp family aggregation rate was 29.33%. Univariate analysis showed that there were statistically significant differences in family aggregation of Hp infection in terms of different age groups (χ2=9.719, P=0.008), marital status (χ2=8.496, P=0.014), occupations (χ2=19.462, P2=5.457, P=0.019), previous Hp test results (χ2 =4.131, P=0.042) and test results after treatment (χ2=12.000, P=0.001), with statistical significance (P<0.05). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that the frequency of dining out 2 days or more per week and a positive Hp test results in the past were risk factors for family aggregation of Hp infection, while the occupation of teachers/medical staff/management/technology personnel and a negative Hp results after treatment were protective factors (P<0.05). Conclusion Family aggregation of Hp infection is related to family members' occupation, frequency of dining out, previous Hp test results and Hp test results after eradication, which deserves attention in clinical practice.