الملخص
Introduction: Currently nanotechnology has radically changed the diagnosis of many human pathologies. The aim of this work is to obtain silver nanoparticles for hybrid imaging (99mTc-AgNPs-ICG) having potential clinical imaging applications. Materials and methods: We mixed 2 ml of ascorbic acid (1.7x10-4 M), 5 mCi of 99mTcO4- , 2 ml of citric acid (8.0x10-4 M) and 0.5 ml of silver nitrate (2.5x10-3 M). Solution pH was 5, and it was shaken for 20 minutes at 37º C. Afterwards, 2 µL of Indocyanine Green (1.3x10-3 M) was added (99mTc-AgNPs-ICG). Physiochemical properties of the solution were characterized by UV (λ1 = 420 nm, λ2 = 254 nm) and gamma detector. Fluorescence image, particle size and IR spectrum were evaluated. Results: Silver nanoparticles were obtained in aqueous solution a pH of 5. Their pH, color and spectrum were stable for seven days. Furthermore, the principal peak characterized by HPLC, UV and Gamma detector had similar retention times. Its UV spectrum showed an absorption band of 420 nm, which corresponds to the plasmon absorption band of these nanoparticles. The particle size was 46 nm ± 1.5 nm. The IR spectrum showed absorption bands in 3193, 2624, 1596 y 1212 cm-1. Conclusions: We describe for the first time in literature the synthesis of hybrid (radioactive and fluorescent) silver nanoparticles. Their physiochemical properties were characterized, being stable and their labelling was reproducible having potential biomedical applications.
Introducción: actualmente la nanotecnología ha cambiado radicalmente el diagnóstico de muchas patologías humanas. El objetivo de este trabajo es obtener nanopartículas de plata para imagen híbrida (99mTc-AgNPs-ICG) que tengan potenciales aplicaciones clínicas en imagen. Materiales y métodos: se mezclaron 2 ml de ácido ascórbico (1,7x10-4 M), 5 mCi de 99mTcO4- , 2 ml de ácido cítrico (8,0x10-4 M) y 0,5 ml de nitrato de plata (2,5x10-3 M). El pH de la solución fue 5, y se agitó durante 20 minutos a 37º C. A continuación, se añadieron 2 µl de verde de indocianina (1,3x10-3 M) (99mTc-AgNPs-ICG). Las propiedades fisicoquímicas de la solución se caracterizaron mediante UV (λ1 = 420 nm, λ2 = 254 nm) y detector gamma. Se evaluaron la imagen de fluorescencia, el tamaño de las partículas y el espectro IR. Resultados: se obtuvieron nanopartículas de plata en solución acuosa a un pH de 5. Su pH, color y espectro fueron estables durante siete días. Además, el pico principal caracterizado por HPLC, UV y detector Gamma tenía tiempos de retención similares. Su espectro UV mostró una banda de absorción de 420 nm, que corresponde a la banda de absorción plasmónica de estas nanopartículas. El tamaño de las partículas era de 46 nm ± 1,5 nm. El espectro IR mostró bandas de absorción en 3193, 2624, 1596 y 1212 cm-1. Conclusiones: describimos por primera vez en la literatura la síntesis de nanopartículas de plata híbridas (radioctivas y fluorescentes). Se caracterizaron sus propiedades fisicoquímicas, siendo estables y su etiquetado fue reproducible teniendo potenciales aplicaciones biomédicas.
Introdução: atualmente, a nanotecnologia mudou radicalmente o diagnóstico de muitas patologias humanas. O objetivo deste trabalho é obter nanopartículas de prata para imagens híbridas (99mTc-AgNPs-ICG) com possíveis aplicações de imagens clínicas. Materiais e métodos: misturamos 2 ml de ácido ascórbico (1,7x10-4 M), 5 mCi de 99mTcO4- , 2 ml de ácido cítrico (8,0x10-4 M) e 0,5 ml de nitrato de prata (2,5x10-3 M). O pH da solução era 5 e ela foi agitada por 20 minutos a 37º C. Em seguida, foram adicionados 2 µL de indocianina verde (1,3x10-3 M) (99mTc-AgNPs-ICG). As propriedades físico-químicas da solução foram caracterizadas por UV (λ1 = 420 nm, λ2 = 254 nm) e detector gama. A imagem de fluorescência, o tamanho das partículas e o espectro de infravermelho foram avaliados. Resultados: as nanopartículas de prata foram obtidas em solução aquosa com pH de 5. Seu pH, cor e espectro permaneceram estáveis por sete dias. Além disso, o pico principal caracterizado por HPLC, UV e detector gama teve tempos de retenção semelhantes. Seu espectro de UV mostrou uma banda de absorção de 420 nm, que corresponde à banda de absorção plasmônica dessas nanopartículas. O tamanho da partícula foi de 46 nm ± 1,5 nm. O espectro de IV mostrou bandas de absorção em 3193, 2624, 1596 e 1212 cm-1. Conclusões: descrevemos pela primeira vez na literatura a síntese de nanopartículas de prata híbridas (radioativas e fluorescentes). Suas propriedades físico-químicas foram caracterizadas, sendo estáveis e sua rotulagem foi reprodutível, com possíveis aplicações biomédicas.
الموضوعات
Silver Nitrate/chemical synthesis , Silver Compounds/chemical synthesis , Metal Nanoparticles/chemistry , Radioisotopes , Sodium Hydroxide , Technetium Tc 99m Lidofenin/chemical synthesis , Molybdenumالملخص
Introducción: actualmente la nanotecnología ha cambiado radicalmente el diagnóstico de muchas patologías humanas. El objetivo de este trabajo es obtener nanopartículas de plata para imagen híbrida (99mTc-AgNPs-ICG) que tengan potenciales aplicaciones clínicas en imagen. Materiales y métodos: se mezclaron 2 ml de ácido ascórbico (1.7 x10-4 M), 5 mCi de 99mTcO4-, 2 ml de ácido cítrico (8.0 x 10-4 M) y 0.5 ml de nitrato de plata (2.5 x 10-3 M). El pH de la solución fue 5, y se agitó durante 20 minutos a 37º C. A continuación, se añadieron 2 µl de verde de indocianina (1.3 x 10-3 M) (99mTc-AgNPs-ICG). Las propiedades fisicoquímicas de la solución se caracterizaron mediante UV (λ1 = 420 nm, λ2 = 254 nm) y detector gamma. Se evaluaron la imagen de fluorescencia, el tamaño de las partículas y el espectro IR. Resultados: se obtuvieron nanopartículas de plata en solución acuosa a un pH de 5. Su pH, color y espectro fueron estables durante siete días. Además, el pico principal caracterizado por HPLC, UV y detector Gamma tenía tiempos de retención similares. Su espectro UV mostró una banda de absorción de 420 nm, que corresponde a la banda de absorción plasmónica de estas nanopartículas. El tamaño de las partículas era de 46 nm ± 1,5 nm. El espectro IR mostró bandas de absorción en 3193, 2624, 1596 y 1212 cm-1. Conclusiones: describimos por primera vez en la literatura la síntesis de nanopartículas de plata híbridas (radioactivas y fluorescentes). Se caracterizaron sus propiedades fisicoquímicas, siendo estables y su etiquetado fue reproducible teniendo potenciales aplicaciones biomédicas.
Introduction: Currently nanotechnology has radically changed the diagnosis of many human pathologies. The aim of this work is to obtain silver nanoparticles for hybrid imaging (99mTc-AgNPs-ICG) having potential clinical imaging applications. Materials and methods: We mixed 2 ml of ascorbic acid (1.7x10-4 M), 5 mCi of 99mTcO4-, 2 ml of citric acid (8.0 x 10-4 M) and 0.5 ml of silver nitrate (2.5 x 10-3 M). Solution pH was 5, and it was shaken for 20 minutes at 37º C. Afterwards, 2 µL of Indocyanine Green (1.3 x 10-3 M) was added (99mTc-AgNPs-ICG). Physiochemical properties of the solution were characterized by UV (λ1 = 420 nm, λ2 = 254 nm) and gamma detector. Fluorescence image, particle size and IR spectrum were evaluated. Results: Silver nanoparticles were obtained in aqueous solution a pH of 5. Their pH, color and spectrum were stable for seven days. Furthermore, the principal peak characterized by HPLC, UV and Gamma detector had similar retention times. Its UV spectrum showed an absorption band of 420 nm, which corresponds to the plasmon absorption band of these nanoparticles. The particle size was 46 nm ± 1.5 nm. The IR spectrum showed absorption bands in 3193, 2624, 1596 y 1212 cm-1. Conclusions: We describe for the first time in literature the synthesis of hybrid (radioactive and fluorescent) silver nanoparticles. Their physiochemical properties were characterized, being stable and their labelling was reproducible having potential biomedical applications.
Introdução: Atualmente, a nanotecnologia mudou radicalmente o diagnóstico de muitas patologias humanas. O objetivo deste trabalho é obter nanopartículas de prata para imagens híbridas (99mTc-AgNPs-ICG) com possíveis aplicações de imagens clínicas. Materiais e métodos: Misturamos 2 ml de ácido ascórbico (1.7 x 10-4 M), 5 mCi de 99mTcO4-, 2 ml de ácido cítrico (8.0 x 10-4 M) e 0.5 ml de nitrato de prata (2.5 x 10-3 M). O pH da solução era 5 e ela foi agitada por 20 minutos a 37º C. Em seguida, foram adicionados 2 µL de indocianina verde (1,3x10-3 M) (99mTc-AgNPs-ICG). As propriedades físico-químicas da solução foram caracterizadas por UV (λ1 = 420 nm, λ2 = 254 nm) e detector gama. A imagem de fluorescência, o tamanho das partículas e o espectro de infravermelho foram avaliados. Resultados: As nanopartículas de prata foram obtidas em solução aquosa com pH de 5. Seu pH, cor e espectro permaneceram estáveis por sete dias. Além disso, o pico principal caracterizado por HPLC, UV e detector gama teve tempos de retenção semelhantes. Seu espectro de UV mostrou uma banda de absorção de 420 nm, que corresponde à banda de absorção plasmônica dessas nanopartículas. O tamanho da partícula foi de 46 nm ± 1,5 nm. O espectro de IV mostrou bandas de absorção em 3193, 2624, 1596 e 1212 cm-1. Conclusões: Descrevemos pela primeira vez na literatura a síntese de nanopartículas de prata híbridas (radioativas e fluorescentes). Suas propriedades físico-químicas foram caracterizadas, sendo estáveis e sua rotulagem foi reprodutível, com possíveis aplicações biomédicas.
الموضوعات
Silver Nitrate/chemical synthesis , Silver Compounds/chemical synthesis , Metal Nanoparticles/chemistry , Ascorbic Acid/chemical synthesis , Radioisotopes , Sodium Hydroxide/chemical synthesis , Citric Acid/chemical synthesis , Technetium Tc 99m Lidofenin/chemical synthesis , Molybdenumالملخص
BACKGROUND:Red light irradiation and silver ion dressing are mostly used to treat chronic difficult healing wounds clinically,but the optimal irradiation time of red light irradiation and silver ion dressing for chronic non-healing wounds,and the combination of different silver ion dressings have not been determined. OBJECTIVE:To investigate the optimal irradiation time and dressing combination of red light and silver ion dressing in the therapy of chronic non-healing wounds. METHODS:The chronic non-healing wound model was made by applying Staphylococcus aureus on the whole skin defect and subcutaneous hydrocortisone injection in SD rats.72 rat models were randomly divided into 4 groups with 18 rats in each group by random number table method.The rats were treated on the basis of standard dressing change and the following therapy:A1B1 group(red irradiation 20 minutes + lipid hydrocolloidal silver sulfate dressing),A1B2 group(red light irradiation 20 minutes + calcium alginate fiber dressing),A2B1 group(red light irradiation 30 minutes + lipid hydrocolloidal silver sulfate dressing),and A2B2 group(red light irradiation 30 minutes + calcium alginate fiber dressing);change dressing,irradiate once,and change dressing every 24 hours.After 14 days of continuous treatment,wound healing rate,bacterial colony number,inflammatory response,histomorphology and angiogenesis were detected in each group. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1)With the extension of treatment time,the wound healing rate of rats in the four groups was increased,and the wound healing rate of rats in the A2B2 group at 3,7,and 14 days after treatment was higher than that in the other three groups(P<0.05).(2)The wound bacterial culture results on day 7 after treatment demonstrated that the number of bacterial colonies in the A2B2 group was lower than that in the other three groups(P<0.05).Western blot assay exhibited that with the extension of treatment time,the protein expressions of tumor necrosis factor α and interleukin-6 in wound tissue of rats in the four groups were decreased,while the protein expressions of interleukin-10 were increased.The protein expressions of tumor necrosis factor α and interleukin-6 in the A2B2 group were lower than those in the other three groups(P<0.05).The protein expression of interleukin-10 in the A2B2 group was higher than that of the other three groups(P<0.05).(3)The wound hematoxylin-eosin staining on day 14 after treatment demonstrated that a large number of collagen fibers in the A2B2 group were parallel distributed and the most closely connected,which was significantly better than the other three groups.(4)The results of immunofluorescence staining indicated that the fluorescence intensity expression of CD31 in the A2B2 group was higher than that in the A1B1,A1B2 and A2B1 groups(P<0.05).q-PCR detection at 3,7,and 14 days after treatment exhibited that the mRNA expressions of vascular endothelial growth factor a and vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 in the A2B2 group were higher than those in the other three groups(P<0.05).Western blot assay at 3,7 and 14 days after treatment revealed that the protein expressions of vascular endothelial growth factor a and vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 in the A2B2 group were higher than those in the other three groups(P<0.05).(5)These findings confirm that 30 minutes of red light irradiation combined with silver alginate fiber dressing has better results in treatment of chronic non-healing wounds.
الملخص
BACKGROUND:Resistance to the inflammatory response is an important part of promoting the repair of damaged tissue and improving the local inflammatory response caused by medical bio-implant materials has been a key issue to be addressed in recent years. OBJECTIVE:To summarize the anti-inflammatory effects of common metal ions and related molecular mechanisms to provide some theoretical references for improving the early inflammatory response of hosts caused by bio-implant materials. METHODS:A computer search of the relevant literature in PubMed,Web of Science,CNKI and WanFang databases was conducted using"metal ions,magnesium ion,zinc ion,silver ion,copper ion,inflammation,anti-inflammatory effects,oxidative stress,immunoregulation,signaling pathways"as Chinese and English search terms.Preliminary screening was conducted by reading the titles and abstracts.Finally,80 papers were included for result analysis and summary. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1)Metal ions such as magnesium,zinc,silver and copper have a good anti-inflammatory effect.The strength of this anti-inflammatory effect is strongly correlated with the dose and duration of action.In the future,consideration can be given to controlling the release rate of ions and adjusting the appropriate therapeutic concentration to achieve the best anti-inflammatory effect.(2)Magnesium ions and zinc ions exhibit excellent anti-inflammatory activity,with magnesium ions often being beneficial in anti-inflammatory therapy in the form of compounds such as magnesium sulfate and zinc ions regulating the body's inflammatory response with zinc feed as the main source of zinc supplementation.(3)Silver and copper ions have some anti-inflammatory effects,but are still predominant for their excellent antibacterial activity,mainly in the form of nanoparticles and bio-coatings.(4)Magnesium and zinc metal ions can be combined with natural extracts to form complexes to exert anti-inflammatory effects,and this method has the advantage of being inexpensive and widely available and is a sustainable and green approach,which is worthy of clinical promotion.(5)Metal ions such as magnesium,zinc,silver and copper exert anti-inflammatory effects by reducing host oxidative stress damage,modulating immune cells and inhibiting inflammatory signaling pathways such as nuclear factor-κB,Toll-like receptor,STAT3 and NOD.(6)The molecular mechanism related to the anti-inflammation of metal ions is a complex network,which is not the effect of a single pathway,but should be a combination of multiple signaling pathways.There are still many potential mechanisms that have not yet been explored,and more systematic elucidation of the interconnections between various signaling pathways is needed in the future.
الملخص
BACKGROUND:Clinical studies have found good analgesic effects of silver needle-thermal conduction therapy in patients with myofascial pain syndrome,but the exact mechanism remains unclear. OBJECTIVE:To observe the effect of silver needle-thermal conduction therapy on silent information regulator homolog 3(SIRT3)changes and mitochondrial ultrastructure in a rat model of myofascial pain syndrome. METHODS:Twenty rats were randomly selected from 26 Sprague-Dawley rats and were subjected to percussion combined with motor fatigue for replicating the rat model of myofascial pain syndrome.Sixteen rats that were successfully modeled were randomly divided into model group and silver needle-thermal conduction therapy group(treatment group),with eight rats in each group.The remaining rats were used as controls(normal group).The treatment group was treated with silver needle-thermal conduction therapy.Mechanical withdrawal threshold and thermal withdrawal latency of rats were measured at 1 day before modeling,1 day after modeling and 14 days after treatment.Electromyographic activities of the right medial femoral muscle were measured at 14 days after treatment.The right medial femoral muscle tissue was taken for hematoxylin-eosin staining to observe the local morphology and for transmission electron microscopy to observe the mitochondrial ultrastructure.Western blot assay was performed to detect SIRT3 expression. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Pain threshold:The mechanical withdrawal threshold and thermal withdrawal latency of the model and treatment groups were significantly decreased compared with those in the normal group and before modeling(P＜0.01).After treatment,the mechanical withdrawal threshold and thermal withdrawal latency of rats were significantly higher in the treatment group compared with the model group(P＜0.01).Electromyography:The rats in the model group showed spontaneous electrical activity in the right medial femur,while the rats in the treatment group showed reduced spontaneous electrical activity,longer time frame(P＜0.01)and lower wave amplitude(P＜0.05)compared with the model group.Hematoxylin-eosin staining:In the normal group,rat muscle fibers arranged closely and regularly.In the model group,the muscle fibers of rats were atrophied,degenerated,and disordered in arrangement.In the treatment group,rat muscle structure disorder improved.Mitochondrial microstructure:Under the transmission electron microscope,mitochondrial structure in the normal group was normal;mitochondrial swelling with broken or disappeared cristae appeared in the model group;mitochondrial swelling in the treatment group was obviously relieved or tended to be normal.SIRT3 expression:SIRT3 expression was significantly downregulated in the model group compared with the normal group,but was significantly upregulated in the treatment group compared with the model group(P＜0.05).To conclude,abnormalities in local muscle mitochondria and downregulation of SIRT3 expression suggest the presence of impaired energy metabolism in the rat model of myofascial pain syndrome.Mitochondrial changes recover and are close to normal after the silver needle-thermal conduction therapy,and the expression of SIRT3 is also upregulated close to the normal group,indicating the silver needle-thermal conduction therapy may play a therapeutic role by promoting mitochondrial repair and improving energy metabolism disorder.
الملخص
BACKGROUND:Bacterial infections and impaired angiogenesis have been obstacles to diabetic wound healing,and the problem of multidrug resistance cannot be ignored,so there is an urgent need to find a new therapeutic strategy. OBJECTIVE:To prepare platelet-camouflaged silver nanoparticle hydrogel and observe its therapeutic effect on diabetic wounds. METHODS:(1)In vitro test:The ultra-small silver nanoparticles(usAgNPs)were obtained by reflux heating.usAgNPs-PL/CMC hydrogel was prepared by coupling it with platelets(PL)and adding it to the carboxymethyl cellulose(CMC)hydrogel.The microstructures,swelling properties,and mechanical properties of the hydrogel were characterized.The antibacterial activity of the hydrogel was tested by 2,3-bis(2-methoxy-4-nitro-5-sulfophenyl)5[(phenylamino)carbonyl]-2H-tetrazolium hydroxide method,reactive oxygen species method,bacterial biofilm method,and bacterial activity.(2)In vivo test:Forty SD rats were randomly divided into sham operation group,model group,CMC hydrogel group,usAgNPs/CMC hydrogel group,and usAgNPs-PL/CMC hydrogel group,with eight rats in each group.The type 1 diabetes model was established in the other four groups except the sham operation group.After successful model establishment,a skin wound(20 mm in diameter)deep to the fascia layer was made on the back of rats of the five groups.Rats in the sham operation group and model group were injected with normal saline.The rats in the CMC hydrogel group,usAgNPs/CMC hydrogel group,and usAgNPs-PL/CMC hydrogel group were implanted with the corresponding hydrogel,separately.The wound healing condition and healing quality were observed after 14 days of treatment. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1)In vitro test:The usAgNPs-PL/CMC hydrogel had a uniform three-dimensional network structure,good mechanical properties,and strong water absorption ability,which could remarkably inhibit the growth of Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus,and had a good inhibition and clearance effect on the formation of biofilms of the two bacteria,and had a good antibacterial ability.(2)In vivo test:After 14 days of treatment,the wounds of the usAgNPs-PL/CMC hydrogel group were basically closed.The wound healing rate was the highest,and the number of wound colonies was significantly lower than that of the model group.After 14 days of treatment,hematoxylin-eosin and Masson staining showed that the tissue structure of regenerated dermis appeared on the wounds of the usAgNPs-PL/CMC hydrogel group,usAgNPs/CMC hydrogel group,and CMC hydrogel group,and the epidermis of the new granulation tissue was complete and thick.Parallel mature collagen fibers were observed in the usAgNPs-PL/CMC hydrogel group.After 7 days of treatment,CD31 immunohistochemistry and Ki67 immunofluorescence staining showed that the usAgNPs-PL/CMC hydrogel group had the highest number of microvessels and fibroblasts.(3)The results showed that usAgNPs-PL/CMC hydrogel could accelerate wound healing in type 1 diabetic rats by rapidly inhibiting bacteria and promoting angiogenesis.
الملخص
BACKGROUND:Most of the silver coating materials prepared using active screen plasma technology in the past do not involve the nanotechnology field.The formed silver coating is in a"thin film"form,which is coated on the surface of the substrate,and the distribution of silver particles on the surface is uneven.Its long-term antibacterial ability is challenged. OBJECTIVE:To prepare nano silver coatings capable of being"buried"within stainless steel(SS)substrates using active screen plasma surface modification(ASPSM)and to observe antibacterial activity. METHODS:The nano-silver coating was prepared by ASPSM technique on stainless steel substrate.Three groups of coating samples were prepared by adjusting the bombardment time(1,2,and 4 hours),which were denoted as 1 h-Ag-ASPSM@SS,2 h-Ag-ASPSM@SS and 4 h-Ag-ASPSM@SS,respectively.The antibacterial activity of the coatings was analyzed by antibacterial ring test and Gram staining.The antibiotic coating samples of gentamicin combined with vancomycin were prepared by using stainless steel as substrate and were recorded as ACNs.Stainless steel,2 h-Ag-ASPSM@SS,and ACNs were inserted into Staphylococcus aureus or Pseudomonas aeruginosa suspension,respectively.The long-acting(84 days)antibacterial activity of the samples was analyzed by coating plate method.Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells were co-cultured with stainless steel,2 h-Ag-ASPSM@SS,and ACNs,respectively.CCK-8 assay,dead/alive staining,and lactate dehydrogenase activity of cell supernatant were detected.Stainless steel,2 h-Ag-ASPSM@SS,and ACNs were taken after continuous exposure to Staphylococcus aureus suspension for 12 weeks.The amount of residual viable bacteria on the surface of the material was evaluated by spread plate method.Vancomycin drug sensitive disk method was used to evaluate the resistance of residual live bacteria on the surface of materials. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1)With increasing bombardment time,the diameter of nano silver on the sample surface and the silver content in the coating gradually increased.Among them,the 2 h-Ag-ASPSM@SS exhibited the highest surface silver content while forming uniformly spherical nanoparticles.(2)Antibacterial ring test and Gram staining results demonstrated that compared with 1 h-Ag-ASPSM@SS and 4 h-Ag-ASPSM@SS,the 2 h-Ag-ASPSM@SS exhibited better inhibitory effect on Staphylococcus aureus and pseudomonas aeruginosa.After co-culturing with bacteria for 42 and 84 days,the number of viable bacteria on the spread plate method was significantly lower in the 2 h-Ag-ASPSM@SS group compared to the stainless steel and ACNs groups.After co-culturing with Staphylococcus aureus for 84 days and Pseudomonas aeruginosa for 42 days,the number of viable bacteria on the surface of the eluate from the ACNs group was higher than that of the stainless steel group.(3)CCK-8 assay,live/dead staining and lactate dehydrogenase activity of cell supernatant displayed that 2 h-Ag-ASPSM@SS did not have obvious cytotoxicity.ACNs showed obvious cytotoxicity.(4)After co-culture with Staphylococcus aureus for 12 weeks,the residual viable bacteria on the surface of 2 h-Ag-ASPSM@SS group was less than that of stainless steel group,and the residual viable bacteria on the surface of the ACNs group was more than that of stainless steel group.Compared with the stainless steel group,the sensitivity to vancomycin was significantly decreased in the ACNs group(P＜0.001),and there was no significant change in sensitivity to vancomycin in 2 h-Ag-ASPSM@SS group(P＞0.05).(5)The above results indicate that the silver nanoparticle coated stainless steel greatly improves the deposition efficiency of silver nanoparticles on the stainless steel surface and has long-lasting antibacterial properties and good cell compatibility.
الملخص
Objective:To investigate the efficacy of combined repair therapy using recombinant bovine basic fibroblast growth factor (R-bFGF) gel and silver ion dressing on the donor site of patients with hand trauma undergoing skin grafting.Methods:Eighty patients with hand trauma who underwent skin grafting at Lishui Central Hospital between October 2020 and October 2021 were enrolled in this study. Using a simple random grouping method, the patients were randomly assigned to a control group and an observation group in a 1:1 ratio, with 40 patients in each group. The control group received conventional vaseline gauze treatment, while the observation group was treated with a combination of R-bFGF gel and silver ion dressing. After 2 weeks of treatment, the repair effects of both groups were evaluated. Before and after treatment, the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC) scores and Visual Analog Scale (VAS) scores were compared between the control and observation groups. Additionally, wound healing time, granulation tissue growth time, wound epithelium formation time, and dressing change times as well as total active motion of the fingers were evaluated and compared between the two groups.Results:The repair effect in the observation group was significantly superior to that in the control group ( Z = 4.92, P < 0.05). Furthermore, the recovery of hand function in the observation group was notably better than that in the control group ( Z = 4.31, P < 0.05). The CD-RISC score in the observation group was significantly higher than that in the control group [(77.54 ± 11.35) points vs. (70.61 ± 9.72) points, t = 2.93, P < 0.05]. Additionally, the VAS score, wound healing time, granulation tissue growth time, wound epithelium formation time, and dressing change times in the observation group were significantly lower or fewer than those in the control group [(4.95 ± 1.13) points vs. (5.52 ± 1.24) points, (10.43 ± 1.65) days vs. (15.54 ± 1.71) days, (7.42 ± 2.35) days vs. (11.56 ± 2.71) days, (10.25 ± 2.47) days vs. (12.82 ± 2.64) days, and (2.12 ± 0.63) times vs. (3.35 ± 0.86) times, t = -2.15, -13.60, -7.30, -4.50, -7.30, all P < 0.05]. Conclusion:The combined use of R-bFGF gel and silver ion dressing effectively enhances the repair outcomes of skin donor sites, thereby improving the psychological well-being and reducing pain perception in patients with hand trauma. This therapeutic approach markedly promotes the prognosis and functional recovery of these patients, offering valuable clinical reference for the treatment of hand injuries.
الملخص
@#Objective To explore the clinical effect of hydrocolloid silver-containing dressing combined with Jiedu Shengji ointment in the nursing of venous ulcer wounds of lower limbs.Methods A total of 84 patients with venous ulcer wounds of lower limbs admitted to the wound ostomy clinic of Jiading Central Hospital,Shanghai University of Medicine&Health Sciences from October 2022 to May 2023.Patients were divided into observation group and control group according to the method of single and double days of admission,with 42 cases in each group.The patients in two groups were treated with"three-step dressing change",the patients in control group were treated with conventional external dressing,and the patients in observation group were treated with reticular hydrocolloid silver dressing and Jiedu Shengji ointment for local use.The nursing effects of the two groups were compared.Results The total effective rate of observation group was higher than that of the control group(P<0.05).The wound healing time,treatment time and dressing change times in the observation group were lower than those in control group(P<0.05).The levels of interleukin(IL)-6 and IL-8 in observation group were lower than those in control group(P<0.05).The score of self-conscious pain in observation group was lower than that in control group(P<0.05).The total nursing satisfaction rate of observation group was higher than that of control group(P<0.05).Conclusion"Three-step dressing change"is an effective wound treatment method in the nursing care of patients with deep venous ulcer of lower limbs.It can further accelerate the wound healing process and effect with the local use of reticular hydrocolloid silver-containing dressing and Jiedu Shengji ointment.
الملخص
Abstract Fish is the main source of animal protein for human diet. The aim of this study was to find out prevalence of pathogenic bacteria of two selected economically important fish of Pakistan namely Mahseer (Tor putitora) and Silver carp (Hypophthalmichthys molitrix). Live fish samples from hatcheries and dead fish samples from different markets of study area were randomly collected. The fish samples were analyzed for isolation, identification and prevalence of bacteria. The isolated bacteria from study fish were identified through biochemical test and about 10 species of pathogenic bacteria were identified including the pathogenic bacteria to human and fish namely, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Streptococcus iniae, Serratia spp. Citrobacter spp. Stenotrophomonas spp. Bacillus spp. and Salmonella spp. The bacterial percentage frequency of occurrence in Silver carp and Mahseer fish showed Pseudomonas aeruginosa 21.42%, Staphylococcus epidermidis 17.85%, Escherichia coli 11.90%, Staphylococcus aureus 9.52%, Citrobacter spp. 9.52%, Serratia spp. 8.33%, Streptococcus iniae 7.14%, Stenotrophomonas spp. 5.95%, Bacillus spp. 4.76% and Salmonella spp. 3.57%. The study revealed that Fish samples of Mahseer and Silver carp that were collected from markets have found more isolates (10 bacterial species) than did the fresh fish pond samples (03 bacterial species) of hatcheries. The occurrence of pathogenic bacteria in study fish showed risk factor for public health consumers.
Resumo O peixe é a principal fonte de proteína animal para a alimentação humana. O objetivo deste estudo foi descobrir a prevalência de bactérias patogênicas de dois peixes economicamente importantes selecionados do Paquistão, nomeadamente Mahseer (Tor putitora) e carpa prateada (Hypophthalmichthys molitrix). Amostras de peixes vivos de incubatórios e amostras de peixes mortos de diferentes mercados da área de estudo foram coletadas aleatoriamente. As amostras de peixes foram analisadas quanto ao isolamento, identificação e prevalência de bactérias. As bactérias isoladas dos peixes do estudo foram identificadas através de testes bioquímicos e cerca de 10 espécies de bactérias patogênicas foram identificadas incluindo as bactérias patogênicas para humanos e peixes, nomeadamente, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Streptococcus iniae, Serratia spp. Citrobacter spp. Stenotrophomonas spp. Bacillus spp. e Salmonella spp. A porcentagem de freqüência de ocorrência bacteriana em carpa prateada e peixes Mahseer mostrou Pseudomonas aeruginosa 21,42%, Staphylococcus epidermidis 17,85%, Escherichia coli 11,90%, Staphylococcus aureus 9,52%, Citrobacter spp. 9,52%, Serratia spp. 8,33%, Streptococcus iniae 7,14%, Stenotrophomonas spp. 5,95%, Bacillus spp. 4,76% e Salmonella spp. 3,57%. O estudo revelou que as amostras de peixes de Mahseer e carpa prateada coletadas nos mercados encontraram mais isolados (10 espécies bacterianas) do que as amostras de peixes frescos (03 espécies bacterianas) de incubatórios. A ocorrência de bactérias patogênicas nos peixes do estudo apresentou fator de risco para consumidores de saúde pública.
الموضوعات
Humans , Animals , Carps , Pakistan , Bacteria , Ponds , Incidenceالملخص
Abstract Fish is the main source of animal protein for human diet. The aim of this study was to find out prevalence of pathogenic bacteria of two selected economically important fish of Pakistan namely Mahseer (Tor putitora) and Silver carp (Hypophthalmichthys molitrix). Live fish samples from hatcheries and dead fish samples from different markets of study area were randomly collected. The fish samples were analyzed for isolation, identification and prevalence of bacteria. The isolated bacteria from study fish were identified through biochemical test and about 10 species of pathogenic bacteria were identified including the pathogenic bacteria to human and fish namely, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Streptococcus iniae, Serratia spp. Citrobacter spp. Stenotrophomonas spp. Bacillus spp. and Salmonella spp. The bacterial percentage frequency of occurrence in Silver carp and Mahseer fish showed Pseudomonas aeruginosa 21.42%, Staphylococcus epidermidis 17.85%, Escherichia coli 11.90%, Staphylococcus aureus 9.52%, Citrobacter spp. 9.52%, Serratia spp. 8.33%, Streptococcus iniae 7.14%, Stenotrophomonas spp. 5.95%, Bacillus spp. 4.76% and Salmonella spp. 3.57%. The study revealed that Fish samples of Mahseer and Silver carp that were collected from markets have found more isolates (10 bacterial species) than did the fresh fish pond samples (03 bacterial species) of hatcheries. The occurrence of pathogenic bacteria in study fish showed risk factor for public health consumers.
Resumo O peixe é a principal fonte de proteína animal para a alimentação humana. O objetivo deste estudo foi descobrir a prevalência de bactérias patogênicas de dois peixes economicamente importantes selecionados do Paquistão, nomeadamente Mahseer (Tor putitora) e carpa prateada (Hypophthalmichthys molitrix). Amostras de peixes vivos de incubatórios e amostras de peixes mortos de diferentes mercados da área de estudo foram coletadas aleatoriamente. As amostras de peixes foram analisadas quanto ao isolamento, identificação e prevalência de bactérias. As bactérias isoladas dos peixes do estudo foram identificadas através de testes bioquímicos e cerca de 10 espécies de bactérias patogênicas foram identificadas incluindo as bactérias patogênicas para humanos e peixes, nomeadamente, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Streptococcus iniae, Serratia spp. Citrobacter spp. Stenotrophomonas spp. Bacillus spp. e Salmonella spp. A porcentagem de freqüência de ocorrência bacteriana em carpa prateada e peixes Mahseer mostrou Pseudomonas aeruginosa 21,42%, Staphylococcus epidermidis 17,85%, Escherichia coli 11,90%, Staphylococcus aureus 9,52%, Citrobacter spp. 9,52%, Serratia spp. 8,33%, Streptococcus iniae 7,14%, Stenotrophomonas spp. 5,95%, Bacillus spp. 4,76% e Salmonella spp. 3,57%. O estudo revelou que as amostras de peixes de Mahseer e carpa prateada coletadas nos mercados encontraram mais isolados (10 espécies bacterianas) do que as amostras de peixes frescos (03 espécies bacterianas) de incubatórios. A ocorrência de bactérias patogênicas nos peixes do estudo apresentou fator de risco para consumidores de saúde pública.
الملخص
Introducción. Se ha informado que los hongos fitopatógenos representan las principales pérdidas económicas a nivel global en diferentes tipos de cultivos, entre los que se encuentran hortalizas como Brassica Oleracea var. capitata. Objetivos. Identificar los posibles hongos fitopatógenos asociados a Brassica, los signos y síntomas que estos pueden causar, su posible mecanismo de transmisión y comparar cualitativamente el crecimiento de estos en diferentes medios de cultivo. Materiales y métodos. Se aislaron hojas con y sin síntomas, junto con muestras de suelo. En cuanto a la microscopia se visualizaron las partes reproductivas de los hongos para su clasificación taxonómica. Resultados. Se aislaron un total de 17 morfotipos hasta nivel de género, siendo Botritis y Fusarium los que se encontraron con mayor presencia en las muestras de hojas asintomáticas y con síntomas. Para las muestras de suelo, el género más frecuente fue Penicillium. Conclusiones. De los tres medios evaluados, el agar extracto Sabouraud mostró los mejores resultados para el crecimiento de la mayoría de los hongos. Se establecieron mecanismos de transmisión probables para cada uno de los hongos encontrados en asociación a B. Oleracea var. capitata y se estableció que Botrytis sp. es el posible agente patógeno causante de la sintomatología observada en las muestras.
Introduction. Phytopathogenic fungi represent the main economic losses worldwide in different types of crops, including vegetables such as Brassica Oleracea var. capitata. Objectives. Identify the possible phytopathogenic fungi associated with Brassica, the signs and symptoms they may cause, their possible transmission mechanism, and to qualitatively compare their growth in different culture media. Materials and methods. Leaves with and without symptoms were isolated, together with soil samples to elaborate serial dilutions. As for microscopy, the reproductive parts of the fungi were visualized for taxonomic classification. Results. A total of 17 morphotypes were isolated up to genus level, being Botrytis and Fusarium, the genera found with the highest presence in asymptomatic and symptomatic leaf samples. For soil samples, the most frequent genus was Penicillium. Conclusions. Of the three media evaluated, Sabouraud's extract agar showed the best results for the growth of most fungi. Probable transmission mechanisms were established for each of the fungi found in association with B. oleracea var. capitata and Botrytis sp. was established as the possible pathogen causing the symptoms observed in the samples.
الموضوعات
Brassica , Fungi , Brassicaceae , Rhizosphereالملخص
RESUMEN Los sistemas adhesivos se utilizan en la práctica clínica diaria; sin embargo, su principal desventaja es la contracción por polimerización que podría ocasionar la aparición de microfiltraciones, acumulo de placa, caries secundaria e hipersensibilidad. Por este motivo, se han venido incorporando agentes antimicrobianos, como el metacrilato de amonio cuaternario fotopolimerizable, los rellenos de vidrio que liberan iones de flúor, el pirogalol y las nanopartículas de plata, calcio y grafeno fluorado. En los últimos años, algunos de estos han demostrado tener una buena efectividad antimicrobiana, que, a su vez, no interfieren con la adhesión en las restauraciones. De tal manera, estos sistemas adhesivos antimicrobianos podrían favorecer a obtener mejores resultados a largo plazo. Las nanopartículas que presentaron mejores resultados fueron el fosfato de calcio amorfo y las compuestas de plata.
ABSTRACT Adhesive systems are used in daily clinical practice; however, the main disadvantage is polymerization shrinkage, which could lead to microleakage, plaque accumulation, secondary caries, and hypersensitivity. For this reason, antimicrobial agents have been incorporated, such as light-curing quaternary ammonium methacrylate, fluoride ion-releasing glass fillers, pyrogallol, and nanoparticles of silver, calcium, and fluorinated graphene. In recent years, some of these have been shown to have good antimicrobial effectiveness and, in turn, do not interfere with adhesion in restorations. Thus, these antimicrobial adhesive systems could contribute to better long-term results. The best-performing nanoparticles were amorphous calcium phosphate and silver nanoparticles.
RESUMO Os sistemas adesivos são utilizados na prática clínica diária; no entanto, a principal desvantagem é a contração da polimerização, que pode levar a microinfiltração, acumulação de placa, cáries secundárias e hipersensibilidade. Por este motivo, foram incorporados agentes antimicrobianos, como o metacrilato de amónio quaternário fotopolimerizável, cargas de vidro que libertam iões de flúor, pirogalol e nanopartículas de prata, cálcio e grafeno fluorado. Nos últimos anos, algumas destas substâncias demonstraram ter uma boa eficácia antimicrobiana e não interferem com a adesão nas restaurações. Assim, estes sistemas adesivos antimicrobianos poderiam conduzir a melhores resultados a longo prazo. As nanopartículas com melhor desempenho foram o fosfato de cálcio amorfo e as nanopartículas de prata.
الملخص
Sexual reversal methods are commonly used in plant breeding programs, allowing male flowers from female plants or vice versa. This work evaluated sexual reversal methods in female Cannabis plants and their effect on gas exchange activity. Plants treated with 1, methyl-cyclopropene (1-MCP), and aminoetoxyvinylglycine (AVG) showed differences in net photosynthesis (A) and stomatal conductance (gs) between the periods before and after sexual reversal treatments. Quantum yield (Qy), electron transport rate (ETR), and non-photochemical quenching (NPQ) did not show a relationship to the treatments, an increase in Qy and ETR, and a reduction in NPQ were observed after applying treatments. 1-MCP, AVG, and STS (silver thiosulfate) were effective in sexual reversal, while photoperiod changes did not induce the formation of male flowers. Induction of sexual reversion in Cannabis plants did not generate variations in energy dissipation mechanisms through photosystems.
Los métodos de reversión sexual se utilizan comúnmente en los programas de fitomejoramiento, permitiendo la formación de flores masculinas a partir de plantas femeninas y viceversa. Este trabajo tuvo como objetivo evaluar métodos de reversión sexual en plantas femeninas de Cannabis y su efecto sobre el intercambio de gases. Plantas tratadas con 1-metil-ciclopropano (1-MCP) y aminoetoxivinilglicina (AVG) mostraron diferencias en fotosíntesis neta (A) y conductancia estomática (gs) entre los periodos antes y después de los tratamientos de reversión sexual. El rendimiento cuántico (Qy), la tasa de transporte de electrones (ETR) y la disipación no fotoquímica (NPQ) no mostraron relación con los tratamientos, se observó un incremento en Qy y ETR y una reducción en NPQ después de la aplicación de los tratamientos. 1-MCP, AVG y STS (tiosulfato de plata) fueron efectivos en la reversión sexual, mientras que los cambios en el fotoperiodo no indujeron la formación de flores masculinas. La inducción de la reversión sexual en plantas de Cannabis no generó variaciones en los mecanismos que disipan la energía a través de los fotosistemas.
الموضوعات
Photosynthesis , Cannabis/growth & development , Sex Reassignment Procedures/methods , Cannabis/metabolism , Gases/metabolismالملخص
The objective was to evaluate plant growth regulators and ethylene inhibitors on the development and leaf abscission of Schinopsis brasiliensis Engl. Zeatin (ZEA) was evaluated in concentrations combined with concentrations of indolacetic acid (IAA), naphthalene acetic acid (NAA) and indolbutyric acid (IBA). ZEA and 6-benzylamino purine (BAP) were evaluated in concentrations plus a control. Ethylene inhibitors, silver nitrate and cobalt chloride were evaluated in four concentrations. The addition of 0.2 µL-1 of NAA to 0.4 µL-1 of ZEA promotes a greater number of baraúna sprouts. At concentrations of 5 and 10 µM, cobalt chloride is more efficient than silver nitrate for reducing leaf abscission in baraúna. IAA is the most suitable auxin to be associated with ZEA for higher shoot length and number of buds. Silver nitrate from a concentration of 20 µM completely avoids leaf abscission whilecobalt chloride has a maximum reduction in abscission at a concentration of 40 µM.
El objetivo fue evaluar reguladores de crecimiento e inhibidores de etileno sobre el desarrollo y abscisión foliar en Schinopsis brasiliensis Engl. La zeatina (ZEA) se evaluó en concentraciones combinadas con concentraciones de ácido indolacético (IAA), ácido naftaleno acético (NAA) y ácido indolbutírico (IBA). Se evaluaron ZEA y 6-bencilamino purina (BAP) en concentraciones más un control. Se evaluaron inhibidores de etileno, nitrato de plata y cloruro de cobalto, en cuatro concentraciones. La adición de 0.2 µL-1 de NAA a 0.4 µL-1 de ZEA promueve un mayor número de brotes de baraúna. A concentraciones de 5 y 10 µM, el cloruro de cobalto es más eficaz que el nitrato de plata para reducir la abscisión de las hojas en baraúna. IAA es la auxina más adecuada para asociar con ZEA para una mayor longitud de brotes y número de brotes. El nitrato de plata a partir de una concentración de 20 µM evita completamente la abscisión de las hojas, mientras que el cloruro de cobalto tiene una reducción máxima en la abscisión a una concentración de 40 µM.
الموضوعات
Plant Leaves/chemistry , Anacardiaceae/growth & development , Zeatin/chemistry , In Vitro Techniques/methods , Ethylenes/chemistryالملخص
@#Traditional titanium implants do not completely meet the clinical requirements because they are bioinert. The surface of titanium implants, modified by strontium ions, can enhance osseointegration and reduce peri-implantitis. In this paper, the biological properties of titanium implant surfaces modified by strontium ions were reviewed. Strontium ions can be coated on the implant surface by hydrothermal treatment, electrochemical deposition, phosphate chemical conversion, flame-spraying, supramolecular self-assembly, magnetron sputtering, laser deposition and alkali etching. Implant surfaces modified by strontium ions can not only promote osteogenesis and early osseointegration but also inhibit bacterial growth and reduce postoperative infections. Even better osseointegration and antibacterial effects can be achieved when strontium ions are incorporated with other elements, such as silver, zinc, gallium, and calcium. However, most of the studies on the use of strontium ion-modified titanium implants are animal experiments and in vitro experiments, and the observation time is short compared with the actual service life of the implants. Thus, the conclusions obtained may be different from the actual clinical application, and the long-term effects need to be studied. In addition, the osteogenic effects of various modification methods also need to be compared. Future research can focus on the following points: ① to find efficient modification methods that can be widely used in the clinic; ②to study how to control the concentration of strontium ions near the implant to exert their biological function and reduce their toxic side effects; and ③ to conduct long-term follow-up clinical trials to observe their osteogenic and antibacterial effects.
الملخص
Objective@#o explore the antibacterial effect of combined use of photon-induced photoacoustic streaming (PIPS) and silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) on Enterococcus faecalis biofilm in root canals.@*Methods@#A total of 36 isolated teeth with single root canal were collected to establish an experimental root canal model of Enterococcus faecalis infection. Samples were randomly divided into six groups and 0.9% NaCl, 2% NaClO, 0.1% AgNPs solutions were used with conventional needle irrigation (CNI) or PIPS for root canals. Colony count method was used to measure the number of Enterococcus faecalis biofilm in root canals before and after treatment, and the percentage of colony count reduction was calculated.@*Results@#The inhibitory effect of Enterococcus faecalis biofilm in all experimental groups was stronger than that in the control group (P<0.05). The decrease amplitude of 0.9% NaCl, 2% NaClO, 0.1% AgNPs assisted with PIPS was greater than that of 0.9% NaCl, 2% NaClO, 0.1% AgNPs assisted with CNI (P<0.05). The decrease in the 0.1% AgNPs assisted with PIPS group was significantly greater than that in the 2% NaClO assisted with PIPS group (P<0.05).@*Conclusion@#PIPS-assisted AgNPs solution washing can significantly improve the effect of clearing Enterococcus faecalis biofilm in root canals.
الملخص
Candida albicans is one of the most common species of Candida, which is an important cause of invasive candidiasis in clinic. Due to the frequently use of classical antifungal agents, there are amounts of drug resistant C. albicans being isolated, causing the significantly decreasing of the efficacy of some antifungal agents in clinical treatment. Besides, the use of some compounds in clinic has been limited because of their toxicities. In such a context, drug combination therapy shows great potential on antifungal because of the synergy of different drugs or therapeutic methods that could bring, which could improve the weaknesses of single drug.
الملخص
Aims@#This study was aimed at the biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) from Klebsiella pneumonia and the evaluation of their anti-bacterial and antioxidant activities. @*Methodology and results@#Silver nitrate was used for the biosynthesis of silver-nanoparticles, and UV-visible spectrophotometer, X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscope and Fourier transforms infrared spectroscopy were used for the characterization of AgNPs. Results showed colour changes of bacterial supernatant from pale yellow to dark brown, indicating the biosynthesis of AgNPs. The biosynthesis of AgNPs was confirmed using UV-visible spectrophotometry, which shows a strong peak at 420 nm. Infrared spectroscopy was also used, which revealed that the carboxyl and phenolic groups were coated on the surface of AgNPs. The results of the electron microscope scanning showed that AgNPs are spherical and have a size range from 35-100 nm. On the other hand, the antioxidant activity of AgNPs was done in vitro by adding the nanoparticles to the 1,1-Diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) solution. The absorbance was measured at 517 nm after 30 min in dark conditions. The results revealed a significant increase (P<0.05) in free radicals reduction at five concentrations of AgNPs (30, 60, 120, 240 and 480 µg/mL). Finally, the antibacterial activity of AgNPs against Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa was studied. The results revealed a significant increase (P<0.05) in the diameter of the inhibition zone of bacterial growth at 200 µg/mL AgNPs compared to the inhibition zone at 50 and 100 µg/mL AgNPs. The minimum inhibitory concentration of AgNPs was determined. It was 30 µg/mL of P. aeruginosa and 16 µg/mL of E. coli.@*Conclusion, significance and impact of study@#The preliminary study results suggest that AgNPs have anti-bacterial activity as well as the ability to inhibit free radicals, making them a potential antioxidant source. However, further research is required.
الملخص
Aims@#Strawberry (Fragaria ananassa Duch.) is a member of the family Rosaceae and one of the most important vegetable crops in Egypt for local fresh consumption and exportation. Suspected symptoms of Strawberry mild yellow edge virus (SMYEV) on naturally infected strawberry plants were observed in Al Qaluobia Governorate. The main goal of this study was to develop a novel eco-friendly biogenic silver nanoparticle using clove (Syzygium aromaticum) (SzAgNPs) aqueous extract to control viral infection.@*Methodology and results@#Mechanically inoculated sixteen plant species representing seven families, Apocynaceae, Chenopodiaceae, Cucurbitaceae, Fabaceae, Moraceae, Rosaceae and Solanaceae, were used as hosts for SMYEV. Systemic mosaic, chlorotic local lesions, vein clearing, marginal chlorosis, marginal necrosis, yellowing and vein banding were observed 7 to 20 days post-inoculation. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) of diseased tissues revealed severe degeneration of the chloroplasts and nucleus structures and the formation of cell wall protrusions. Sz-AgNPs were characterized using UV-Vis spectroscopy, TEM, dynamic light scattering (DLS) and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR). Foliar application of Sz-AgNPs (200 µg/mL) 24 h post and/or concurrently with SMYEV inoculation dropped the infection rate by 90% and 55%, respectively, whereas it was only reduced by 35% when applied 24 h prior to viral inoculation compared to control groups. DAS-ELISA and RT-PCR verified SMYEV inhibition (75-90%) in all plants treated with 200, 150 and 100 µg/mL Sz-AgNPs 24 h post-viral inoculation. Complete viral eradication was attained by applying Sz-AgNPs at a concentration of 200 μg/mL 24 h post-virus inoculation. Moreover, the total phenols, indoles, Vitamin C, total flavonoids and citric acid contents were not significantly affected by Sz-AgNPs treatment compared to healthy control groups.@*Conclusion, significance and impact of study@#In conclusion, Sz-AgNPs suppressed SMYEV by 75-90% when applied 24 h post-virus inoculation. Eco-friendly Sz-AgNPs could be used for controlling viral infections and avoiding the rejection of exportable strawberries due to the use of harmful pesticides.