الملخص
En el Club de Boxeo MAS Holding, en Sri Lanka, se constatan insuficiencias en las relaciones entre las áreas organizativas de la estructura actual y con ello, poca coherencia de acciones estratégicas para el logro de los objetivos de la institución deportiva; ello se manifiesta en la poca estabilidad de los resultados competitivos nacional e internacionalmente, lo anterior asociado a que la estructura organizativa responde a criterios muy pragmáticos y utilitarios, resulta insuficiente y se ha convertido en una barrera que impide asumir, creadoramente, los cambios del entorno. La investigación tiene como objetivo determinar los componentes de una estructura para la gestión deportiva del Club de Boxeo MAS Holding, Sri Lanka. El resultado está en la concepción teórica de la estructura organizacional para el Club de Boxeo Mas Holding que responde a los fundamentos jurídicos, políticos y administrativos del país, y da respuesta a las exigencias de cambios para el desarrollo de la actividad deportiva. Se sostiene dicha estructura en principios como la eficiencia, el carácter dinámico, flexible e innovador y sujeta a cambios, según los escenarios que se presenten al boxeo.
No MAS Holding Boxing Club, Sri Lanka, existem insuficiências nas relações entre as áreas organizacionais da estrutura atual e, com isso, pouca coerência de ações estratégicas para a consecução dos objetivos da instituição esportiva; isso se manifesta na pouca estabilidade dos resultados competitivos nacionais e internacionais, isso associado ao fato de que a estrutura organizacional responde a critérios muito pragmáticos e utilitários, é insuficiente e se tornou uma barreira que a impede de assumir, criativamente, as mudanças do ambiente. A pesquisa tem como objetivo determinar os componentes de uma estrutura para a gestão esportiva do MAS Holding Boxing Club, Sri Lanka. O resultado é a concepção teórica da estrutura organizacional do Mas Holding Boxing Club que atende aos fundamentos legais, políticos e administrativos do país e responde às demandas de mudança para o desenvolvimento da atividade esportiva. Essa estrutura se baseia em princípios como eficiência, caráter dinâmico, flexível e inovador e está sujeita a mudanças, de acordo com os cenários que surgem no boxe.
In the MAS Holding Boxing Club, in Sri Lanka, there are insufficiencies in the relationships between the organizational areas of the current structure and with it, little coherence of strategic actions to achieve the objectives of the sports institution; this is manifested in the poor stability of competitive results nationally and internationally, the above, associated with the fact that the organizational structure responds to very pragmatic and utilitarian criteria, is insufficient and has become a barrier that prevents creatively assuming the changes in the environment. The research aims to determine the components of a structure for the sports management of the MAS Holding Boxing Club, Sri Lanka. The result is in the theoretical conception of the organizational structure for the Mas Holding Boxing Club that responds to the legal, political and administrative foundations of the country, and responds to the demands for changes for the development of sporting activity. This structure is supported by principles such as efficiency, dynamic, flexible and innovative character and subject to change, depending on the scenarios presented to boxing.
الملخص
La preparación del boxeador conlleva cambios y adaptaciones fisiológicas para garantizar las cargas físicas, psíquicas y sociales a las que han sido sometidos sus practicantes. Finalizada dicha etapa aparece el desentrenamiento deportivo, cuya naturaleza es eminentemente pedagógica y consiste en desinstalar los componentes que garantizaron la acumulación de cargas durante su etapa como boxeador activo, hasta alcanzar los niveles de un practicante sistemático normal de la Cultura Física. El objetivo de este trabajo consistió en diseñar una estrategia pedagógica sustentada en un modelo de igual naturaleza para el desentrenamiento potenciado con la equino-interacción-profiláctica, a partir del uso de ejercicios con caballos como elemento de cambio. Se utilizaron como métodos empíricos y técnicas la observación de las sesiones de deportivo, el análisis de documentos, la encuesta a exboxeadores, entrenadores, médicos deportivos, funcionarios y expertos seleccionados, así como los talleres de opinión crítica y socialización entre entrenadores de boxeo. Como resultados se obtuvo un modelo pedagógico del que se derivó una estrategia. Estos aportes fueron constatados mediante la aplicación parcial de la estrategia en un combinado deportivo en Majibacoa, Las Tunas y se demostró su factibilidad para ser generalizada. El artículo que se ofrece tiene como objetivo socializar resultados de la investigación realizada sobre el desentrenamiento deportivo en el boxeo potenciado con el equino-interacción-profiláctica. De manera conclusiva, los aportes teórico y práctico demostraron el cumplimiento del objetivo de la investigación y la solución del problema científico.
A preparação do boxeador implica em mudanças e adaptações fisiológicas para garantir as cargas físicas, psicológicas e sociais às quais o boxeador foi submetido. Ao final dessa etapa, surge o destreinamento esportivo, cuja natureza é eminentemente pedagógica e consiste em desinstalar os componentes que garantiram o acúmulo de cargas durante sua etapa como boxeador ativo, até atingir os níveis de um praticante normal sistemático de Cultura Física. O objetivo deste trabalho consistiu em projetar uma estratégia pedagógica baseada em um modelo semelhante de destreinamento aprimorado com a interação equino-profilática, baseada no uso de exercícios com cavalos como elemento de mudança. Os métodos e técnicas empíricos utilizados foram a observação de sessões esportivas, a análise de documentos, pesquisas com ex-pugilistas, treinadores, médicos esportivos, oficiais e especialistas selecionados, bem como workshops de opinião crítica e socialização entre treinadores de boxe. Como resultado, foi obtido um modelo pedagógico do qual derivou uma estratégia. Essas contribuições foram confirmadas por meio da aplicação parcial da estratégia em uma equipe esportiva em Majibacoa, Las Tunas, e sua viabilidade de generalização foi demonstrada. O objetivo deste artigo é socializar os resultados da pesquisa realizada sobre o destreinamento esportivo no boxe, aprimorado com a interação equino-profilática. Em conclusão, as contribuições teóricas e práticas demonstraram o cumprimento do objetivo da pesquisa e a solução do problema científico.
The preparation of the boxer entails physiological changes and adaptations to guarantee the physical, psychological and social loads to which its practitioners have been subjected. Once this stage is completed, sports detraining appears, the nature of which is eminently pedagogical and consists of uninstalling the components that guaranteed the accumulation of loads during his time as an active boxer, until reaching the levels of a normal systematic practitioner of Physical Culture. The objective of this work was to design a pedagogical strategy based on a model of the same nature for detraining enhanced with equine-interaction-prophylactics, based on the use of exercises with horses as an element of change. Observation of sports sessions, document analysis, a survey of former boxers, coaches, sports doctors, officials and selected experts, as well as critical opinion and socialization workshops among boxing coaches, were used as empirical methods and techniques. As results, a pedagogical model was obtained from which a strategy was derived. These contributions were verified through the partial application of the strategy in a sports complex in Majibacoa, Las Tunas and its feasibility to be generalized was demonstrated. The article offered aims to socialize results of the research carried out on sports detraining in boxing enhanced with equine-interaction-prophylaxis. Conclusively, the theoretical and practical contributions demonstrated the fulfillment of the research objective and the solution of the scientific problem.
الملخص
El desentrenamiento deportivo es un proceso esencial, para garantizar una transición fluida a los exdeportistas, de un periodo prolongado de vida deportiva a una vida posdeportiva. En este sentido, la investigación tuvo como objetivo determinar el estado actual que presenta el proceso de desentrenamiento de exdeportistas en situaciones de discapacidad físico-motora, en la provincia El Oro. Para el estudio, se seleccionaron, a través de un muestreo aleatorio simple, a ocho exdeportistas en situaciones de discapacidad físico-motora. Los exdeportistas tienen una experiencia promedio en el ámbito deportivo de 8.38 (± 4.92) años. También se interactuó con entrenadores, profesores de Educación Física, médicos, psicológicos, familiares y directivos. Se aplicaron encuestas a todos los participantes en el estudio, y solo a los exdeportistas pruebas antropométricas, médicas, de laboratorios y funcionales. Entre los resultados obtenidos, se pudo identificar que existen limitaciones para afrontar el desentrenamiento como un proceso formativo, pedagógico y social, que los deportistas retirados no cuentan con información suficiente sobre este proceso y tienen carencia de proyectos significativos, por lo que se revela la necesidad de diseñar un proceso de desentrenamiento, ajustado a sus necesidades específicas.
O destreinamento esportivo é um processo essencial para garantir uma transição tranquila para ex-atletas de um período prolongado de vida esportiva para uma vida pós-esportiva. Nesse sentido, a pesquisa teve como objetivo determinar o estado atual do processo de destreinamento de ex-atletas em situações de deficiência físico-motora na província de El Oro. Para o estudo, foram selecionados oito ex-atletas com deficiências físico-motoras por meio de amostragem aleatória simples. Os ex-atletas têm uma média de 8,38 (± 4,92) anos de experiência em esportes. Também interagimos com treinadores, professores de educação física, médicos, psicólogos, familiares e gerentes. Foram aplicados questionários a todos os participantes do estudo, e testes antropométricos, médicos, laboratoriais e funcionais foram aplicados somente aos ex-atletas. Entre os resultados obtidos, foi possível identificar que há limitações em lidar com o destreinamento como processo formativo, pedagógico e social, que os atletas aposentados não têm informações suficientes sobre esse processo e que carecem de projetos significativos, revelando, assim, a necessidade de se desenhar um processo de destreinamento ajustado às suas necessidades específicas.
Sports detraining is an essential process to guarantee a smooth transition for former athletes from a prolonged period of sports life to a post-sports life. In this sense, the objective of the research was to determine the current state of the detraining process of former athletes in situations of physical-motor disability, in the province of El Oro. For the study, through simple random sampling, eight former athletes in situations of physical-motor disability were selected. Former athletes have an average experience in the sports field of 8.38 (± 4.92) years. There was also interaction with coaches, Physical Education teachers, doctors, psychologists, family members and managers. Surveys were administered to all participants in the study, and anthropometric, medical, laboratory and functional tests were administered only to former athletes. Among the results obtained, it was possible to identify that there are limitations to face detraining as a training, pedagogical and social process, that retired athletes do not have sufficient information about this process and have a lack of significant projects, which is why it is revealed the need to design a detraining process, tailored to their specific needs.
الملخص
El estudio versa sobre el desarrollo de habilidades deportivas en estudiantes con necesidades educativas intelectuales, en la clase de Educación Física inclusiva; sus manifestaciones y limitaciones empíricas en una institución educativa ecuatoriana y la búsqueda de una explicación al problema científico, a través de una propuesta para su solución. Se declaró como objetivo diseñar una estrategia pedagógica inclusiva para el desarrollo de habilidades deportivas en estudiantes con necesidades educativas intelectuales, durante la clase de Educación Física. La investigación tuvo un enfoque cualitativo-cuantitativo, no experimental, de tipo descriptivo-explicativo y transversal, se empleó un muestreo no probabilístico, intencional y estratificado, con 32 estudiantes de 10mo año, de ellos, cuatro con necesidades educativas intelectuales y el docente de Educación Física; se utilizó el enfoque sistémico estructural-funcional en el diseño de una estrategia pedagógica inclusiva; así como, la observación y la entrevista para caracterizar el estado actual del objeto de investigación. Se consultó a un grupo de profesionales para la determinación de la pertinencia de la estrategia, mediante la técnica del grupo nominal, los que arribaron a la conclusión que la propuesta es pertinente y aplicable en la práctica pedagógica inclusiva.
O estudo trata do desenvolvimento de habilidades esportivas em alunos com necessidades educacionais intelectuais, na aula de Educação Física inclusiva; suas manifestações e limitações empíricas em uma instituição educacional equatoriana e a busca de uma explicação para o problema científico, por meio de uma proposta para sua solução. O objetivo foi elaborar uma estratégia pedagógica inclusiva para o desenvolvimento de habilidades esportivas em alunos com necessidades educacionais intelectuais durante a aula de Educação Física. A pesquisa teve uma abordagem qualitativa-quantitativa, não experimental, descritivo-explicativa e transversal, foi utilizada uma amostragem não probabilística, intencional e estratificada, com 32 alunos do 10º ano, quatro deles com necessidades educacionais intelectuais e o professor de Educação Física; a abordagem sistêmica estrutural-funcional foi utilizada na concepção de uma estratégia pedagógica inclusiva; bem como observação e entrevista para caracterizar o estado atual do objeto de pesquisa. Um grupo de profissionais foi consultado para determinar a relevância da estratégia, utilizando a técnica de grupo nominal, que concluiu que a proposta é relevante e aplicável na prática pedagógica inclusiva.
The study deals with the development of sports skills in students with intellectual educational needs, in the inclusive Physical Education class; its manifestations and empirical limitations in an Ecuadorian educational institution and the search for an explanation to the scientific problem, through a proposal for its solution. The objective was declared to design an inclusive pedagogical strategy for the development of sports skills in students with intellectual educational needs, during the Physical Education class. The research had a qualitative-quantitative, non-experimental, descriptive-explanatory and transversal approach, non-probabilistic, intentional and stratified sampling was used, with 32 10th grade students, four of them with intellectual educational needs and the Education teacher Physical; the structural-functional systemic approach was used in the design of an inclusive pedagogical strategy; as well as observation and interview to characterize the current state of the research object. A group of professionals was consulted to determine the relevance of the strategy, using the nominal group technique, who came to the conclusion that the proposal is relevant and applicable in inclusive pedagogical practice.
الملخص
Los juegos como actividades lúdicas constituyen un elemento importante en el desarrollo del proceso pedagógico de la Educación Física; se contribuye al trabajo en colectivo, formación de valores como: la valentía, la perseverancia, la disciplina, la honestidad, el compañerismo, la organización, el respeto a las reglas, entre otros, lo cual hace que contenga un gran valor biológico, psicológico, pedagógico, evidenciados en sus actividades y en los beneficios que reporta al ser humano. No obstante, a pesar de ser este planteamiento una fortaleza en el sistema educativo de Cuba, no se potencia desde el punto de vista científico y académico el juego pre deportivo para lograr estos componentes antes mencionados. Es por ello que se proyectó como objetivo caracterizar los juegos pre deportivos que implementan los profesores del departamento de Educación Física en los dos primeros años de la formación de profesionales en la Universidad de Oriente, Cuba. Como métodos empíricos se aplica una entrevista a los profesores y una guía de observación dedicada al proceso de enseñanza aprendizaje en la Educación Física. Se intenta conocer las potencialidades y debilidades que poseen los juegos pre deportivos para mejorar las habilidades físicas y deportivas de estos estudiantes, además de los valores en los que se pueden tributar a la formación integral desde estas prácticas. La inserción de este tipo de juegos ha contado con un nivel de opinión muy positivo por parte de los educandos y los profesores.
Os jogos como atividades lúdicas constituem um elemento importante no desenvolvimento do processo pedagógico da Educação Física; Contribui para o trabalho coletivo, formação de valores como: coragem, perseverança, disciplina, honestidade, camaradagem, organização, respeito às regras, entre outros, o que faz com que contenha grande valor biológico e psicológico. atividades e nos benefícios que traz ao ser humano. No entanto, apesar desta abordagem ser um ponto forte no sistema educativo cubano, o jogo pré-desportivo não é promovido do ponto de vista científico e académico para alcançar estes componentes acima mencionados. Por isso foi projetado o objetivo de caracterizar os jogos pré-desportivos implementados pelos professores do departamento de Educação Física nos primeiros dois anos de formação profissional da Universidade de Oriente, Cuba. Como métodos empíricos, são aplicados uma entrevista com professores e um roteiro de observação dedicado ao processo de ensino-aprendizagem em Educação Física. Procura-se conhecer as potencialidades e fragilidades que os jogos pré-desportivos apresentam para melhorar as competências físicas e desportivas destes alunos, bem como os valores em que pode contribuir uma formação integral a partir destas práticas. A inserção deste tipo de jogos tem tido uma opinião muito positiva por parte de alunos e professores.
Games as recreational activities constitute an important element in the development of the pedagogical process of Physical Education; tt contributes to collective work, formation of values such as: courage, perseverance, discipline, honesty, camaraderie, organization, respect for the rules, among others, which makes it contain great biological psychological and pedagogical value evidenced in its activities and in the benefits it brings to human beings. However, despite this approach being a strength in the Cuban educational system, the pre-sports game is not promoted from a scientific and academic point of view to achieve these aforementioned components. That is why the objective was projected to characterize the pre-sports games implemented by the teachers of the Physical Education department in the first two years of professional training at the Universidad de Oriente, Cuba. As empirical methods, an interview with teachers and an observation guide dedicated to the teaching-learning process in Physical Education are applied. An attempt is made to know the potential and weaknesses that pre-sports games have to improve the physical and sports skills of these students, in addition to the values in which comprehensive training can be contributed from these practices. The insertion of this type of games has had a very positive level of opinion from students and teachers.
الملخص
El crecimiento y desarrollo de las colectividades humanas, han dado lugar a la aparición de los llamados problemas ambientales que influyen sobre los recursos naturales y en la salud del hombre. En este artículo, se reflejó la realidad encontrada en el trabajo con la Tarea Vida desde el segundo ciclo de la escuela primaria "Rolando Morales Sanabria" del municipio Cifuentes, etapa vital en la formación de las nuevas generaciones para la conservación del entorno, el mantenimiento de los valores éticos y morales de un proyecto social con un fundamento humanista. Atendiendo a estas concepciones, se planteó como objetivo caracterizar el trabajo con la Tarea Vida desde el Deporte para Todos como parte de la Educación Física, en el contexto antes descrito. Este trabajo se realizó con la ayuda de métodos y técnicas como la revisión de documentos, la observación, la encuesta y la entrevista. Los resultados revelan insuficiencias en este trabajo, desde la falta de consulta a documentos oficiales, precisiones y normativas, transitando por la pobre intencionalidad, hasta llegar a la falta de interiorización y realización de actividades en este sentido. Como conclusiones se determinaron los fundamentos para el desarrollo del trabajo con la Tarea Vida en el contexto seleccionado, quedó caracterizado el estado actual, donde destacó la utilización casual e irracional de espacios deportivos, mal aprovechamiento de potencialidades del contexto, poco intencionado y limitado conocimiento de la Tarea Vida, así como el no aprovechamiento de la voluntad, deseo y disposición de los alumnos para realizar actividades físico-recreativas relacionadas con esta.
O crescimento e o desenvolvimento das comunidades humanas deram origem ao surgimento dos chamados problemas ambientais que influenciam os recursos naturais e a saúde humana. Neste artigo, refletiu-se a realidade encontrada no trabalho com a Tarefa de Vida a partir do segundo ciclo da escola primária "Rolando Morales Sanabria" do município de Cifuentes, etapa vital na formação das novas gerações para a conservação do meio ambiente, a manutenção dos valores éticos e morais de um projeto social de base humanista. Levando em conta esses conceitos, objetivou-se caracterizar o trabalho com a Tarefa de Vida do Esporte para Todos no âmbito da Educação Física, no contexto descrito acima. Este trabalho foi realizado com o auxílio de métodos e técnicas como revisão de documentos, observação, levantamento e entrevista. Os resultados revelam insuficiências neste trabalho, desde a falta de consulta a documentos oficiais, esclarecimentos e regulamentos, passando pela má intencionalidade, até à falta de internalização e realização de atividades nesse sentido. Como conclusões foram determinados os fundamentos para o desenvolvimento do trabalho com a tarefa de vida no contexto selecionado, caracterizou-se o estado atual, onde se destacou o uso casual e irracional dos espaços desportivos, mau aproveitamento das potencialidades do contexto, pouca intenção e conhecimento limitado da Tarefa de Vida, bem como o não aproveitamento da vontade, desejo e disposição dos alunos para a realização de atividades físico-recreativas a ela relacionadas.
The growth and development of human communities have given rise to the emergence of so-called environmental problems that influence natural resources and human health. In this presentation, it is reflected the reality found in the work with the Life Task from the second cycle of the "Rolando Morales Sanabria" primary school in the Cifuentes municipality, a vital stage in the training of new generations for the conservation of the environment, the maintenance of ethical and moral values of a social project with a humanist foundation. Taking into account these concepts, the objective was to characterize the work with the Life Task from Sports for All as part of Physical Education, in the context described above. This work was carried out with the help of methods and techniques such as document review, observation, survey and interview. The results reveal insufficiencies in this work, from the lack of consultation of official documents, clarifications and regulations, through poor intentionality, to the lack of internalization and carrying out activities in this sense. As conclusions, the foundations for the development of work with the Life Task in the selected context were determined, the current state was characterized, where the casual and irrational use of sports spaces, poor use of the potential of the context, little intention and limited knowledge of the Life Task, as well as the failure to take advantage of the will, desire and disposition of the students to carry out physical-recreational activities related to it stood out.
الملخص
The aim of the present study was to evaluate and compare exercise addiction (EA) between runners, cyclists, swimmers, and triathletes. Took part in this study 39 runners, 32 cyclists, 30 swimmers and 38 triathletes. Exercise Dependence Scale (EDS), and the Exercise Addiction Inventory (EAI) was used to evaluate the EA and classified the participants into: at-risk for EA, nondependent-symptomatic, and nondependent-asymptomatic. Most participants were classified as nondependent symptomatic for EA. The EDS total score was significantly lower in the swimmers compared to the cyclists and triathletes and the EAI total score was significantly higher for cyclists compared to runners. Therefore, in both instruments, the majority of participants was nondependent symptomatic for EA (AU).
O objetivo do presente estudo foi avaliar e comparar a dependência ao exercício (DE) entre corredores, ciclistas, nadadores e triatletas. Participaram do estudo 39 corredores, 32 ciclistas, 30 nadadores e 38 triatletas. As escalas Exercise Dependence Scale (EDS) e Exercise Addiction Inventory (EAI) foram usadas para a avaliação da DE e classificaram os participantes em três categorias: em risco de DE, não dependente sintomático e não dependente assintomático. A maioria dos participantes foram classificadas como não dependentes sintomáticos para DE. O escore da EDS foi significativamente menor nos nadadores comparado aos ciclistas e triatletas e o escore total da EAI foi significantemente maior nos ciclistas comparado aos corredores. Portanto, em ambos os instrumentos, a maioria dos participantes foi não dependente sintomático para DE (AU).
El objetivo del presente estudio fue evaluar y comparar la adicción al ejercicio (AE) entre corredores, ciclistas, nadadores y triatletas. Participaron de este estudio 39 corredores, 32 ciclistas, 30 nadadores y 38 triatletas. La Escala de Dependencia al Ejercicio (EDS) y el Inventario de Adicción al Ejercicio (EAI) fueron utilizados para evaluar la AE y clasificaron a los participantes en tres categorías: en riesgo de AE, no dependiente-sintomático y no dependiente-asintomático. La mayoría de los participantes se clasificaron como no dependiente-sintomático para AE. La puntuación EDS fue significativamente menor en nadadores en comparación con ciclistas y triatletas y la puntuación EAI total fue significativamente mayor en ciclistas en comparación con corredores. Por lo tanto, en ambos instrumentos, la mayoría de los participantes eran sintomáticos no dependientes para AE
الموضوعات
Humans , Physical Endurance , Sports , Athletes , Endurance Trainingالملخص
The aim of the present study was to evaluate and compare exercise addiction (EA) between runners, cyclists, swimmers, and triathletes. Took part in this study 39 runners, 32 cyclists, 30 swimmers and 38 triathletes. Exercise Dependence Scale (EDS), and the Exercise Addiction Inventory (EAI) was used to evaluate the EA and classified the participants into: at-risk for EA, nondependent-symptomatic, and nondependent-asymptomatic. Most participants were classified as nondependent symptomatic for EA. The EDS total score was significantly lower in the swimmers compared to the cyclists and triathletes and the EAI total score was significantly higher for cyclists compared to runners. Therefore, in both instruments, the majority of participants was nondependent symptomatic for EA.
O objetivo do presente estudo foi avaliar e comparar a dependência ao exercício (DE) entre corredores, ciclistas, nadado-res e triatletas. Participaram do estudo 39 corredores, 32 ciclistas, 30 nadadores e 38 triatletas. As escalas Exercise Dependence Scale (EDS) e Exercise Addiction Inventory (EAI) foram usadas para a ava-liação da DE e classificaram os participantes em três categorias: em risco de DE, não dependente sintomático e não dependente assintomático. A maioria dos participantes foram classificadas como não dependentes sintomáticos para DE. O escore da EDS foi significativamente menor nos nadadores comparado aos ciclistas e triatletas e o escore total da EAI foi significantemente maior nos ciclistas comparado aos corredores. Portanto, em ambos os ins-trumentos, a maioria dos participantes foi não dependente sinto-mático para DE.
El objetivo del presente estudio fue evaluar y comparar la adicción al ejercicio (AE) entre corredores, ciclistas, nadadores y triatletas. Participaron de este estudio 39 corredores, 32 ciclistas, 30 nadadores y 38 triatletas. La Escala de Dependencia al Ejercicio (EDS) y el Inventario de Adicción al Ejercicio (EAI) fueron utilizados para evaluar la AE y clasificaron a los participantes en tres categorías: en riesgo de AE, no dependiente-sintomático y no dependiente-asintomático. La mayoría de los participantes se clasificaron como no dependiente-sintomático para AE. La puntuación EDS fue significativamente menor en nadadores en comparación con ciclistas y triatletas y la puntuación EAI total fue significativamente mayor en ciclistas en comparación con corredores. Por lo tanto, en ambos instrumentos, la mayoría de los participantes eran sintomáticos no dependientes para AE.
الملخص
Meios tático-técnicos e sistemas defensivos no hande-bol constituem-se como conhecimentos específicos da modalida-de que precisam ser organizados e terem seu ensino planejado pelo treinador. Este estudo identificou os conteúdos defensivos e as preferências para seu ensino por treinadores da categoria sub-14. Foram entrevistados 13 treinadores de equipes participantes de campeonatos da Federação Paulista de Handebol, cujos de-poimentos foram analisados pelo método do Discurso do Sujeito Coletivo. Os resultados mostraram preferências dos sistemas de-fensivos (individuais, 3:3 e 5:1), meios tático-técnicos (marcação, flutuação, cobertura e trocas) e pelo ensino por meio de jogos e situações de jogo. Espera-se que os resultados contribuam para ampliar as discussões sobre a temática.
Tactical-technical aspects and defensive systems in han-dball constitute specific knowledge which needs to be organized and planned for teaching by the coach. This study identified defen-sive content and preferences for its teaching among U-14 teams' coaches. Thirteen coaches of teams participating in the cham-pionships of the São Paulo Handball Federation were interviewed, and their statements were analyzed using the Collective Subject Discourse method. The results indicated preferences for defensi-ve systems (man-to-man, 3:3, and 5:1), tactical-technical aspects (marking, floating, coverage, and position exchange), and teaching through games and game situations. It is expected that the results will contribute to expanding discussions on this topic.
Los medios táctico-técnicos y los sistemas defensivos en el balonmano son conocimientos específicos que necesitan ser organizados y planificados para su enseñanza por parte del entre-nador. Este estudio identificó el contenido defensivo y las preferencias de enseñanza de entrenadores en la categoría sub-14. Se entrevistaron a 13 entrenadores de equipos que participan en los campeonatos de la Federación Paulista de Balonmano, cuyos tes-timonios fueron analizados utilizando el método del Discurso del Sujeto Colectivo. Los resultados mostraron preferencias por sis-temas defensivos (individuales, 3:3 y 5:1), medios táctico-técnicos (marcación, flotación, cobertura y cambios) y la enseñanza a través de juegos y situaciones de juego. Se espera que los resultados con-tribuyan a ampliar las discusiones sobre este tema.
الملخص
Para a Terapia Ocupacional, o esporte é uma atividade humana relacionada às ocupações de Lazer, Trabalho, Gerenciamento de Saúde e Participação Social, além de um possível recurso terapêutico. O objetivo desta pesquisa é identificar, na perspectiva de mulheres atletas com deficiência visual e de seus treinadores, quais são os impactos do esporte na participação social e no desempenho ocupacional, além das dificuldades encontradas. Trata-se de um estudo exploratório, transversal, descritivo, qualitativo, com coleta de dados feita por entrevistas semiestruturadas e análise pela Análise de Conteúdo Temática. Pode-se concluir que o esporte tem um impacto positivo principalmente na autoestima e participação social dessas atletas, porém, ainda existem muitas barreiras socioculturais, físicas e estruturais para que essa prática ocorra de maneira satisfatória e tenha um impacto prático no desempenho ocupacional.
Sports are seen by Occupational Therapists as a human activity related to the occupations Leisure, Work, Health Management and Social Participation and also as a possible therapeutic resource. This study aims to identify the perspective of visually impaired female athletes and their coaches, about the impacts of sports on social participation and occupational performance, in addition to identifying difficulties. The study is exploratory, cross-sectional, descriptive, qualitative, with semi-structured interviews for data collection and analysis based on thematic analysis. As results, the practice of physical activities has a meaningful impact on the self-esteem and social participation of the athletes, however, there still are sociocultural, physical and structural barriers for a satisfactory practice and for a positive real impact on the occupational performance of the population studied.
الملخص
Objective@#To explore the effects of happy physical education based on constructivism on physical education learning burnout, body shape and mental health of college students, so as to provide a reference for the reform of physical education teaching in universities.@*Methods@#By using cluster sampling method, students from two teaching classes of the 2022 physical badminton elective course were enrolled as the research objects at Shanghai Institute of Commerce and Foreign Languages from September to December 2022. They were randomly divided into experimental group ( n =38) and control group ( n =40) by drawing lots. The control group received routine physical education teaching for 16 weeks, with 2 class hours weekly and 45 minutes per class hour. While the experimental group was given happy physical education based on constructivism, with a teaching process of building a framework, independent exploration, collaborative learning, and effect evaluation. The idea was to integrate Happy Sports into badminton technology and tactical training courses, emphasizing the fun of sports activities, and drawing on various forms of sports games when designing sports activities. Two groups of students were tested for body shape, surveyed with the Physical Education Learning Burnout Scale and Symptom Check List-90 (SCL-90). The scores of Physical Education Learning Burnout Scale, body mass index (BMI), waist to hip ratio, body fat rate and SCL-90 were compared between the two groups by t-test, Chi-square test and Fisher s exact probability test.@*Results@#At the end of the semester, BMI [(21.58±1.59,22.30±1.46)kg/m 2], waist to hip ratio (0.75±0.08, 0.79 ±0.07) and body fat rate [(19.77±2.50)%,(21.02±2.46)%] in experimental group were lower than those in control group ( t= -2.09, -2.35, -2.23, P <0.05). The scores of depression (15.10±3.92,17.24±4.18), improper behaviors (13.60±3.05,15.48± 3.52 ) and low sense of achievement (5.52±1.36,6.54±1.42) and total score of Physical Education Learning Burnout Scale ( 34.22± 7.55,39.26±7.86) in experimental group were lower than those in control group ( t=-2.33, -2.52, -3.24, -2.89, P <0.05). The scores of somatization (16.27±3.75,18.57±4.12), interpersonal sensitivity (14.30±4.57,16.85±4.21), depression (17.02±3.89,19.36±4.28) and anxiety (12.68±3.96,15.32±3.87), and total scores of SCL-90 (127.87±22.54,140.54±25.83) in experimental group were lower than those in control group ( t=-2.57, -2.57, -2.52, -3.00, -2.30, P <0.05).@*Conclusions@#The happy physical education mode based on constructivism can alleviate learning burnout, improve mental health and optimize body shape of college students. Appropriate reforms should be made to the teaching mode of physical education in universities to promote the physical and mental health development of college students.
الملخص
In November 2025, Japan will host the 100th Deaflympics. As the first hearing-impaired pharmacist in Japan responsible for the pharmaceutical care of the Japanese Deaflympics team, I have compiled a summary of the essential information that healthcare professionals need to know when providing medical services to hearing-impaired individuals, drawing upon my experience with the Deaflympics.
الملخص
[Objective] The purpose of this study was to conduct a prospective survey of adverse events in athletes using press take needles (PTNs).[Methods] The survey subjects were 23 female junior-high-school basketball players, and the method was a prospective survey study. The PTNs (0.6 mm diameter; PYONEX manufactured by Seirin) were applied to a total of six sites on the anterior surfaces of the right and left thighs by the athletes themselves before practice and removed after practice. The survey of adverse events was repeated as many times as possible over a one-year period and comprised the following questions: (1) Did you experience any problems during practice today? (multiple answers); and (2) Did the PTNs negatively affect your physical performance? (single answer). The frequency of adverse events was calculated on the basis of the number of participants and the site of application.[Results] In total, 25 surveys were conducted over the one-year period, with 18 athletes participating (mean age: 13.5 years). On average, the athletes were surveyed 20.1 ± 4.1 times. The total number of participants for all 25 surveys was 362, and the total number of PTNs used was 2,172. In terms of the total number of participants, the frequency of adverse events was 20.99% (76 cases) and that of PTN-related adverse events that negatively affected physical performance was 5.80% (21 cases). In terms of the total number of PTNs used , the frequency of adverse events was 9.16% (199 cases) and that of PTN-related adverse events that negatively affected physical performance was 2.58% (56 cases). The most common adverse event was "prickling" (3.89%; 88 cases), followed by "PTN was coming off" (3.14% ; 71 cases), "bothering" (2.43%; 55 cases), and "uncomfortable feeling" (2.30%; 52 cases), whereas the number of other adverse events was very few. No adverse events requiring medical treatment occurred, and none of the athletes stopped practicing due to adverse events.[Discussion and Conclusion] The adverse events in athletes were mostly minor ones such as "prickling" and "uncomfortable feeling ". However, the frequency of adverse events was low, indicating that PTNs are safe for athletes.
الملخص
We conducted a large-scale survey of sports injuries in college athletes. This study aimed to investigate trends in sports injuries and disabilities among college athletes by gender, discipline, individual and team competition, contact and noncontact competition, and other competition characteristics. A total of 1,137 college athletes (786 men and 351 women) were surveyed. A questionnaire survey was conducted to determine the club, regularity, and history of sports injuries and disorders (presence/absence, severity, time of injury, site of injury, diagnosis, and recurrence). The prevalence of sports injuries among college athletes was 59.7%. The prevalence was 74.7% in team and contact sports, with ankle and knee ligament injuries accounting for most injuries. The second highest prevalence rate was 66.7% for individual/contact sports, where martial arts-type sports are common. Elbow injuries were common due to the characteristics of martial arts-type sports. Chronic sports injuries of the ankle were common in noncontact/individual sports, and shoulder joint disorders were common in noncontact/team sports. Different trends in sports injuries and disabilities were found depending on the sport characteristics. Considering the characteristics of the sports is necessary to prevent sports injuries and disabilities.
الملخص
BACKGROUND:Exercise is not only an effective means to improve physical and mental health,but also has a good intervention effect on the occurrence and development of metabolic,cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases.The reason is related to the epigenetic factors. OBJECTIVE:To summarize the effects of different exercise types on human DNA damage,DNA methylation,and telomere length,and analyze the possible mechanism of exercise regulation epigenetic modification,in order to provide a reference for exercise to improve body function. METHODS:"Exercise,aerobic training,acute exercise,anaerobic training,resistance training,DNA damage,DNA methylation,telomere"were used as the Chinese search terms,and"exercise,sport,aerobic exercise,anaerobic exercise,resistance training,acute exercise,DNA metabolism,DNA damage,telomere"were used as the English search terms.We searched PubMed,Embase,Web of Science,and CNKI databases,and screened articles according to inclusion and exclusion criteria,and finally included 70 articles. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1)Long-term aerobic,resistance,and anaerobic exercises can improve DNA damage.The reason is that exercise can improve the body's antioxidant capacity.Acute exercise can aggravate the degree of DNA damage by up-regulating the expression of reactive oxygen species and reactive nitrogen oxides.(2)Acute exercise,long-term resistance exercise,and anaerobic exercise play a positive role in reducing DNA methylation.The key mechanism may be that exercise-induced reactive oxygen species changes the expression of glutathione oxidized/glutathione,DNA methyltransferase,and 10-11 translocation enzyme.Then it can regulate DNA methylation.(3)Compared with other types of exercise,long-term aerobic exercise may have more potential value in increasing telomere length,and its biological mechanism involves inflammation,oxidative stress,DNA methylation,and regulation of microRNAs(miRNAs)expression.(4)Based on the current literature,aerobic exercise lasting at least 2 years can increase telomere length,and future research should further clarify the optimal exercise duration.
الملخص
BACKGROUND:Conducting mental fatigue research in sports depends on appropriate mental fatigue induction tasks.However,the different types and time settings for the tasks in this field have interfered with the selection and determination of the appropriate task for mental fatigue research. OBJECTIVE:To compare the effects of three mental fatigue tasks and their commonly used time settings for mental fatigue induction. METHODS:In this randomized crossover study,16 male amateur soccer players performed four tasks of 60-minute duration with an interval≥48 hours in a randomized counter-balanced order:STROOP task(psychological cognition group),social media use in smartphone(electron exposure group),whole-body coordination task(exercise group)and emotionally neutral video watching as controls(control group).Before each task,the visual analogue scale(VAS)-motivation,VAS-mental fatigue,VAS-physical fatigue,and average heart rate were measured.Also,the VAS-mental fatigue,VAS-mental exertion,VAS-physical fatigue,and average heart rate were recorded every 15 minutes during the task.Repeated measures analysis of variance was mainly used for statistical analysis. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:The baseline level of VAS-mental fatigue in the four groups were similar(P=0.806).(2)The VAS-mental fatigue of the psychological cognition group at 30,45 and 60 minutes was significantly higher than that of the other three groups(all P＜0.05).The VAS-mental fatigue of psychological cognition,electron exposure,and exercise groups at 45 minutes were similar with that at 60 minutes(all P＞0.05),but significantly higher than that of pretest,15 minutes and 30 minutes(all P＜0.05).To conclude,the psychological cognition task is superior to the electron exposure and exercise tasks for mental fatigue induction and 45 minutes is the appropriate length of time to effectively induce mental fatigue.
الملخص
BACKGROUND:Hydrogen,as an antioxidant,can reduce oxidative stress induced by strenuous exercise and achieve the effect of improving fatigue.Several studies have been reported on the potential effects of hydrogen-rich water or hydrogen-rich gas on improving exercise fatigue and athletic performance. OBJECTIVE:To investigate the effects of hydrogen-rich gas inhalation prior to high-intensity exercise on proprioception and muscular endurance performance after exercise fatigue. METHODS:Through a randomized,double-blind,crossover,and repeated measurement experimental design,24 healthy men were randomly divided into group A and group B,with 12 in each group.In the first phase of the crossover experiment,group A inhaled hydrogen-rich gas(hydrogen group)for 20 minutes and group B inhaled placebo gas(air;placebo group)for 20 minutes.Then,cycle ergometers were used to establish the fatigue model.Visual analog fatigue scale,heart rate variability,knee joint proprioception(passive position perception,joint motion perception,and muscle force perception)and isometric knee extension muscle endurance were tested before and after intervention.After a 7-day washout period,two groups exchanged intervention methods and the above tests were performed again in the second phase of the experiment.Differences between the results of groups A and B in the two phases were compared,and finally the results of the two phases were integrated to compare the overall differences between hydrogen intervention and placebo intervention. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:In the first phase of the crossover experiment,the visual analog fatigue scale score of the hydrogen group after intervention was significantly lower than that of the placebo group(P<0.01).The root mean square of the difference between the adjacent R-R,mean low-frequency output power,mean high-frequency output power,and isometric muscle endurance after intervention in the hydrogen group were significantly higher than those in the placebo group(P<0.05).Passive position perception and joint motion perception after intervention in the hydrogen group were significantly better than those in the placebo group(P<0.05).There was no significant difference in muscle force perception between the two groups(P>0.05),but muscle force perception in the placebo group after intervention was significantly worse than that before intervention(P<0.01).The difference trend of all test results after intervention in the two groups in the first phase of the experiment showed the same results in the second phase of the experiment.The integrated results also showed that the hydrogen group had better test values for the above indicators than the placebo group(P<0.05).Linear regression analysis showed a positive correlation between post-intervention visual analog fatigue scale scores and passive position perception results(r=0.327,P=0.023),i.e.,the higher subjective fatigue level after high-intensity exercise indicated the worse passive position perception results.To conclude,inhaling hydrogen-rich gas before high-intensity exercise can reduce the degree of fatigue after exercise,thereby improving proprioception and muscle endurance performance,which may be a new strategy to reduce the occurrence of injury.And its effectiveness can be achieved repeatedly.
الملخص
Objective To explore the international hotspots and frontiers of sports training in cardiovascular disease research and provide a reference for future research in China.Methods On September 5,2023,we retrieved the Web of Science Core Collection(WosCC)database,including studies on exercise training in cardiovascular disease between 2010 and 2022.Microsoft Excel 2019 was used to analyze the annual changes in the number of publications,and Cite Space was used to analyze the literature journals,authors,references,and keywords,etc.Results A total of 1 274 articles were included,and the number of publications gradually increased between 2010 and 2022.The research on exercise training in cardiovascular disease is receiving increasing attention from the international academic community,mainly focusing on the United States.However,there is a lack of cooperation among countries,institutions,and authors in this research field.Conclusions The research on exercise training in cardiovascular disease spans across other disciplines such as medicine,molecular biology,physical chemistry,and has a wide range of research fields.The hot keywords in this research field are exercise training,cardiac rehabilitation,and coronary heart disease,while future research directions are intervention,inflammatory response,resistance,and adults.
الملخص
The development of the integration of sports and health care(hereinafter referred to as"integration of sports and health care")is a key initiative to promote the health of residents.Literature,logical analysis and other research methods are applied to study the connotation,value and dilemma of the integration of sports and health care,and propose strategies.Body and health integration has demonstrated practical value in implementing the strategy of Healthy China,improving the health of the whole population,and optimizing the allocation of health resources.However,there are also practical dilemmas such as synergistic barriers in the institutional mechanism,insufficient knowledge of the population's health,a relative lack of professionals,and difficulties in promoting the results on the ground.Therefore,the following optimization paths are proposed:strengthening coordination and management,and improving the top-level design;strengthening health education to improve residents'health awareness;optimizing talent training programs and building a talent training mechanism;strengthening the application of results to guide and improve the application and promotion platform.
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The development of the"integration of physical education,medical care,and elderly care"model is an important part of building a higher quality elderly care service system during the 14th Five Year Plan period.Based on literature review and logical analysis,it analyzes the driving forces and difficulties of the development of the"integration of sports,medicine,and nutrition"model during the 14th Five Year Plan period,and proposes optimization paths.It is believed that the core driving forces for the development of the"integration of physical education,medical care,and elderly care"model are the aging population and increasing demand for health,the continuous improvement of medical and health services,and the gradual increase in national policy support.The development of the"integration of physical education,medical care,and nursing"model faces practical difficulties such as incomplete laws and regulations,shortage of professional talents,low social awareness,imbalanced resource allocation,and unsmooth industrial collaboration.Based on this,combined with the national health development demand during the 14th Five Year Plan period,it is proposed to strengthen the construction of laws and regulations and formulate unified standards and norms;innovate talent training channels and establish a diversified training system;increase publicity and education efforts to raise public awareness and understanding;integrate and optimize resource allocation to improve resource utilization efficiency;build an industrial integration complex to promote industrial synergy and linkage.