الملخص
The standardized training of residents is an important stage for medical students to transition from medical theory to clinical practice,and the only way to become a qualified clinician.In recent years,the development of standardized resident training in China has changed from system construction to quality connotation construction.Medical simulation education,as an important bridge between medical theoretical teaching and practical teaching,has been recognized to a higher degree for its appropriate safety and high repeatability.However,there are still many restrictions in the practical application,so that the actual effect is difficult to reach the expectation.This review discussed the application and practice of medical simulation in the standardized training of residents.
الملخص
A teaching clinic is an outpatient clinic specialized for teaching, where trainees are responsible for medical activities such as medical history taking, physical examination, and diagnosis and treatment, under the assistance and guidance of teachers. Only a few hospitals in China have built up teaching clinics for standardized training of pediatric residents. This paper summarizes the experience in the operation management of the standardized residency training teaching clinic in Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine. The teaching clinic takes teaching as its core task, adheres to humanistic care, and follows the principle of hierarchical progression. Its operation involves organizational approval, preliminary arrangements, outpatient appointments, the implementation of teaching activities, and other processes, which are carried out under organizational management and quality management. We have explored a preliminary strategy for evaluating the teaching effects of teaching clinics, and proposed some suggestions for the future development of pediatric residency training teaching clinics such as increasing objective evaluation methods and increasing pediatric subspecialty teaching clinics.
الملخص
Objective:To construct an evaluation the index system of entrustable professional activities for resident training doctors in psychiatric department,and to provide reference for formulating training strategies and assessment standards.Entrustable professional activities refers to the ability of trainees to perform and complete spe-cific clinical tasks independently after they have been trusted.Methods:Through documental analysis and semi-structured interviews,the item database of entrustable professional activities for psychiatric resident training physi-cians was established.Delphi consultation was conducted among 63 experts in the field of psychiatry from 7 national resident training bases and 3 medical colleges in China.Indicators were comprehensively screened and sorted out,and indicators at all levels and their weights were determined by the analytic hierarchy process.Results:A hierarchi-cal evaluation index system of entrustable professional activities for psychiatric resident training doctors was con-structed,including 4 first-level indicators,17 second-level indicators and 68 third-level indicators.The weights of the first-level,second-level and third-level indicators were determined.Conclusion:The evaluation index system of en-trustable professional activities is comprehensive and systematic,which is suitable for clinical work and convenient for practical application.It could provide quantitative standards for the assessment of psychiatric residents and pro-mote the improvement of training quality.
الملخص
Objective:To investigate the application of "micro ward" teaching based on the concept of dedicated education units (DEU) in the standardized training of neurosurgery residents.Methods:The 22 neurosurgery residents enrolled in 2021 for standardized training were assigned to the control group with traditional teaching method. The 24 neurosurgery residents enrolled in 2022 were assigned to the observation group with the "micro ward" teaching method based on the DEU concept. The theoretical knowledge and operational skill scores, clinical thinking ability, and teaching satisfaction were compared between the two groups of students before and after the training. SPSS 21.0 was used to perform chi-square test, Z test and t test. Results:The observation group had higher scores in terms of surgical skills [(190.63±4.35) vs. (86.79±4.82)] and case analysis [(190.54±5.06) vs. (86.13±5.35)] than the control group ( P<0.05). The scores were higher in the observation group than in the control group in terms of broadening thinking, overall thinking, curiosity, and cognitive maturity after training ( P<0.05). The observation group had a significantly higher proportion of students who were satisfied with standardized neurosurgery training teachers, teaching methods, and teaching results than the control group ( P<0.05). Conclusion:The application of "micro ward" teaching based on the concept of DEU in the standardized training of neurosurgery residents can effectively improve the clinical practice ability and professional quality of trainees, cultivate their specialized clinical thinking, enhance their independent learning ability, and improve the training quality. Therefore, this teaching method is worth promoting.
الملخص
Clinical biochemical examination is an important part of medical laboratory, and it is also the key and difficult point of all kinds of examinations.However,the teaching of clinical biochemistry is easily to enter the misunderstanding of "focusing only on the instrument operation, while others depend on self-study". There is even confusion that teachers don′t know what to teach and students don′t know what to learn.In this paper, the teaching experience of the clinical biochemical laboratory is described,formulated a scientific block training program, adopted the teaching mode of combining tutorial responsibility with daily teaching,flexibly used a variety of teaching methods and procedural examinations, and greatly improved the teaching quality.
الملخص
Objective structured clinical examination (OSCE) is an important assessment method for examining clinical thinking and clinical skills of medical students. OSCE has been applied in the quarterly phase examination in our department. According to the characteristics of otolaryngology, three stations of common items and five stations for personalized tests were set in the assessment. According to the different training that residents received during their stay in the previous department, different contents were assessed in the station for personalized examination. During the OSCE, residents took turns entering into each examine station and teachers gave scores according to the marking criteria of different station. After the examinations, two-way assessment and feedback were conducted between students and teachers. Through the practice in standardized training of residents in recent years, we found that OSCE was more comprehensive and flexible than others, which gained good application effects.
الملخص
Combining with the feature of ultrasound medicine and obeying the basic principle of feedback, we introduced the sandwich feedback method into standardized training of residents. By telling residents where improvement was needed, residents could clearly know their goal in the process of training. The training pass rate in the sandwich feedback method group and the traditional teaching method group were compared and the results showed that the pass rate in the sandwich feedback method group was higher than that in the traditional teaching method group, indicating that the introduction of sandwich feedback method can help residents comprehend their abilities in time and find out their shortcomings and advantages, so as to improve continuously. In addition, it would effectively supervise and urge teachers to continuously improve their teaching awareness and level.
الملخص
Objective structured clinical examination (OSCE) is an important assessment method for examining clinical thinking and clinical skills of medical students. OSCE has been applied in the quarterly phase examination in our department. According to the characteristics of otolaryngology, three stations of common items and five stations for personalized tests were set in the assessment. According to the different training that residents received during their stay in the previous department , different contents were assessed in the station for personalized examination. During the OSCE, residents took turns entering into each examine station and teachers gave scores according to the marking criteria of different station. After the examinations, two-way assessment and feedback were conducted between students and teachers. Through the practice in standardized training of residents in recent years, we found that OSCE was more comprehensive and flexible than others, which gained good application effects.
الملخص
Combining with the feature of ultrasound medicine and obeying the basic principle of feedback, we introduced the sandwich feedback method into standardized training of residents. By telling residents where improvement was needed, residents could clearly know their goal in the process of training. The training pass rate in the sandwich feedback method group and the traditional teaching method group were compared and the results showed that the pass rate in the sandwich feedback method group was higher than that in the traditional teaching method group , indicating that the introduction of sandwich feedback method can help residents comprehend their abilities in time and find out their shortcomings and advantages, so as to improve continuously. In addition, it would effectively supervise and urge teachers to continuously improve their teaching awareness and level.
الملخص
Clinical biochemical examination is an important part of medical laboratory, and it is also the key and difficult point of all kinds of examinations.However,the teaching of clinical biochemistry is easily to enter the misunderstanding of"focusing only on the instrument operation, while others depend on self-study". There is even confusion that teachers don't know what to teach and students don't know what to learn.In this paper, the teaching experience of the clinical biochemical laboratory is described,formulated a scientific block training program, adopted the teaching mode of combining tutorial responsibility with daily teaching,flexibly used a variety of teaching methods and procedural examinations, and greatly improved the teaching quality.
الملخص
This study explores the application of three-dimensional(3D) printing technology combined with PACS in the standardized training of residents in urology.For the residents who received phase Ⅱ standardized training,they were guided to observe and analyze CT images,3D CT reconstruction data,and 3D printing entity during teaching;with reference to the cases of kidney tumors,the 3D printing entity model was explained to help the trainees learn the characteristics of the disease and formulate the operation plan of partial nephrectomy;an explanation of the actual surgical procedure gave them a deeper understanding of the anatomical characteristics and treatment regimens of the disease.The preliminary results of practice show that the application of 3D printing technology combined with PACS can enable residents to grasp the anatomical characteristics of renal tumors within a short time and deepen their understanding of surgical procedures and techniques.This teaching method holds promise for application in clinical specialties.
الملخص
Objective To investigate the significance of "merge" model versus "traditional" model in rotation training for professional clinical postgraduate students in department of gastroenterology. Methods The professional clinical postgraduate students who underwent rotation training in Qingdao Municipal Hospital from July 2012 to July 2016 were enrolled as subjects and were trained with the"merge" model and the "traditional" model, respectively. The two groups of subjects were compared in terms of clinical knowledge , skills , and core competencies . Results The postgraduates trained by the"merge" model had a significantly higher total score of clinical examinations than those trained by the"traditional" model [(92.60±2.52) vs. (83.80±3.14), t=10.93, P<0.01], while there were no significant differences in professional quality and doctor-patient communication between the two groups. Compared with those trained with the"traditional"model, the postgraduates trained by the"merge"model had significantly better understanding of clinical knowledge and clinical thinking ability, diagnosis and treatment skills, and psychological quality (χ2=27.00, 10.23, and 12.21, all P<0.01);however, there was no significant difference in clinical research ability between the two groups (χ2=1.39, P=0.24). Conclusion The model of professional clinical postgraduate training combined with standardized training of residents is superior to the traditional training model, and compared with the "traditional" model, the "merge" model is more beneficial to the training of comprehensive clinical practice abilities and thus holds promise for further application.
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Objective To investigate the application value of case-based learning (CBL) combined with teaching rounds in the standardized training of residents in department of hematology. Methods A total of 124 residents who received standardized training in department of hematology from August 2015 to July 2018 were selected and randomly divided into experimental group and control group. The residents in the experimental group received the teaching method of CBL combined with teaching rounds, while those in the control group received traditional teaching rounds. The two groups were compared in terms of department examination scores and teaching quality. Results Compared with the control group, the experimental group had significantly higher scores of the department examinations of hematological theoretical knowledge and case analysis (P<0.05). The residents in the experimental group thought that the new teaching method of CBL combined with teaching rounds could stimulate their interest in learning hematological diseases, improve self-study abilities , help them to combine theoretical knowledge with clinical practice , enhance their knowledge of hematological diseases, and cultivate their clinical thinking ability. Conclusion CBL combined with teaching rounds has achieved good results in standardized training of residents in department of hematology, and thus it holds promise for application in standardized training of other specialties in internal medicine.
الملخص
By analyzing the training of resident doctors in the University of Maryland Shock Trauma, this paper compared the similarities and differences of standardized resident training between China and the United States in policy, training base, selection of teaching teachers, selection of training objects, assessment methods and financial subsidies to the students. It can be concluded that standardized resident training of orthopedics in the United States is more purposeful and systematic and pays more attention to the connection between knowledge and clinical practice, skills and operation, and the cultivation of the ability to deal with patients independently. The training of orthopedics residents in the United States began earlier and had more experience than China, which can be an example for the standardized training of orthopedics residents in China.
الملخص
clinicians,which play a key role in the process of pediatricians becoming talented. Post-graduation medical education in China has been continuously institutionalized and standardized,and has achieved remarkable progress. However,there are still many problems in the implementation process. The author will carry out in-depth analysis concerning the national policy,base construction,teacher construction and students themselves,propose countermeasures and suggestions for existing problems,and provide ideas for the formation of an efficient and sustainable mechanism for pediatric talent training.
الملخص
Objective To investigate the influence of different prompt measures on the quality of cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) chest compressions in the standardized training of residents in Chinese medicine hospitals. Methods There were 84 participants who were the first year standardized training residents recruited from Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese medicine during July to August 2016, and eleven of them were excluded because of incomplete chest compression data collected from the feedback system. Finally, 73 participants being volunteers were enrolled. They were divided randomly into phone metronome group (n = 16), music metronome group (n = 15), depth display group (n = 22), and blank control group (n = 20). In phone metronome group, a mobile phone metronome was applied in the duration of CPR, with a frequency of 110 beats per minute, beat 2/4; in the music metronome group, it was accompanied by the music Staying Alive during the compression period, with frequency of 107 beats per minute, beat 4/4; in depth display group, a model electronic displayer was used in the duration of the compressions to feedback the real time compression depth and its rebound situation in CPR; there was no any intervention measure in blank control group. Each participant performed 5 cycles of CPR on a manikin. A chest compression feedback device was placed on the pressing point, on which the participants places the hand for CPR. The chest compression fraction 1 (CCF1), compression depth, compression rate, too slow frequency, too fast frequency, too shallow frequency, the total times of compressions, the correct times of compressions, correct rate, and the rate of compression retention were record as preliminary evaluation data by using the dual sensor and the pressure sensor built in the chest compression feedback device. At the same time, the correct compression ratio, correct ventilation ratio, the chest compression fraction 2 (CCF2) displayed on the human electronic displayer of the manikin were used as the review criteria. The quality of chest compression among the four groups of volunteers was compared. Results The compression rate and the too fast frequency in the depth display group were significantly higher than those in the music metronome group [compression rate (bpm): 140.59±17.90 vs. 124.27±21.43, the too fast frequency (times): 134.18±49.88 vs. 95.40±53.76, both P < 0.05], and the total compression times in depth display group were significantly higher than either in music metronome group or in blank control group (times: 152.73±27.05 vs. 135.60±10.38, 144.60±12.56, all P < 0.05), the rate of compression retention in depth display group was significantly higher than that in blank control group [37.50% (4.75%, 88.25%) vs. 12.00% (2.75%, 47.00%)]. Consistency detection of two sets of feedback systems for chest compression showed that the chest compression ratio in music metronome group evaluated by the chest compression feedback device was obviously lower than that assessed by the analog human electronic displayer [(53.60±9.87)% vs. (58.20±28.17)%], and it was suggested that the chest compression ratio in depth display group evaluated by the chest compression feedback device be markedly higher than that assessed by the analog human electronic displayer [(56.32±7.77)% vs. (43.86±27.63)%, P < 0.05], and it was shown that the correct rates of chest compression assessed by the chest compression feedback device were significantly lower than those evaluated by the analog human electronic displayer in metronome, music, depth and blank control groups [phone metronome group: 0.00% (0.00%, 60.75%) vs. 38.50% (24.25%, 92.00%), music metronome group: 0.00% (0.00%, 7.00%) vs. 60.00% (32.00%, 89.00%), depth display group: 0.00% (0.00%, 0.25%) vs. 34.00% (20.75%, 68.25%), blank control group: 0.00% (0.00%, 1.75%) vs. 61.50% (30.75%, 84.25%), all P < 0.05], suggesting that the consistency of this two feedback systems be poor and their degrees of reliability low. Conclusion The effects of intervention measures on the quality of chest compressions vary from person to person, and the quality of chest compressions can be really elevated only by systematic training and repeated practice.
الملخص
At present,the standardized training of neurosurgery resident is in the primary stage in our country,and the master's degree postgraduates of Neurosurgery major are the main part of the students of neurosurgery planning training in our department.At present,a systematic and sound training system and teaching mechanism hasn't been formed in the standardized training of postgraduates in Neurosurgery.It is imperative to explore the training mode of postgraduates majoring in neurosurgery to keep pace with the times and meet the needs of the society.Based on the problems in the current training mode of neurosurgery in the First Affiliated Hospital of Heavy Medicine and combined with the existing problems,this paper focuses on the cultivation of professional basic theoretical knowledge,clinical practice ability,clinical thinking and innovative ability and aims to establish professional assessment team,so as to boost the education development of postgraduates with neurosurgery degree and improve the quality of standardized training.
الملخص
Objective To investigate the effect of BOPPPSmodel in the clinical teaching of ward inspection in the standardized training of residents in the department of obstetrics and gynecology. Methods Residents who participated in the standardized training in the department of obstetrics and gynecology in our hospital (January to December 2016) were randomly divided into two groups: teaching experimental group(n=30) and control group(n=35). BOPPPSteaching and traditional teaching methods were applied respectively. The comprehensive assessment scores of the theory test, skill operation test and questionnaire survey were evaluated in both groups. Results The comprehensive assessment scores of the fundamental knowledge test, clinical skill operation test and questionnaire survey in the teaching group were significantly higher than those in the control group(P＜0. 05). Most students in BOPPPSteaching group held the opinions that BOPPPSteaching could help to improve learning initiative, cultivate communication skills of doctors to patients, stimulate clinical thinking, and improve learning efficiency. At the same time, students also mentioned that the BOPPPSmodel had a greater pressure on them, which consumed a great number of time and energy. There were significant differences in the scores between the two groups(P＜0. 05). Conclusion Application of BOPPPSmodel teaching of ward inspection in the standardized training of residents in the department of obstetrics and gynecology can contribute to the improvement of teaching quality and comprehensive ability of the trainees.
الملخص
Standardized training of residents is an important measure to cultivate medical talent.Hysteroscopy is an important teaching content in the standardized training of obstetrics and gynecology residents.A variety of teaching and training methods has been employed in department of obstetrics and gynecology in Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital affiliated to School of Medicine of Zhejiang University including theory teaching,teaching rounds,PBL,trainee training,one to one training,skill assessment to improve the quality of the standardized training and the practical ability of the residents.
الملخص
The referential significance of standardized training for residents in clinical practice teaching was explored by analyzing current teaching situation. We analyzed some plans for improvement in management construction,talent training, teaching content construction and so on, in order to standardize medical teaching management and improve teaching quality, so as to link up clinical practice teaching to standardized residency training tightly.