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Introduction: Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) present significant global and national health challenges, particularly in India. Objective: To estimate the prevalence and characteristics of STIs among attendees at the Suraksha Clinic in the Apex Regional STD Centre, Safdarjung Hospital. Methods:Retrospective data from January 2018 to December 2022 were statistically analyzed using Excel and SPSS. The study included the examination for diagnosis of various STIs, such as syphilis, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), gonorrhoea, chlamydiasis, trichomoniasis, candidiasis, bacterial vaginosis, chancroid, and genital herpes. Gender distribution and syndromic diagnoses, including vaginal/cervical discharge and genital ulcers, were also considered. Referrals to Integrated Counseling and Testing Centres for HIV testing were analyzed. Results: The outcomes reveal a substantial burden of STIs, with 3.06% showing reactivity to syphilis, 1.74% testing positive for HIV, 3.36% for gonorrhoea, 11.78% for chlamydiasis, 1.05% for trichomoniasis, 26.24% for candidiasis, 9.97% for bacterial vaginosis, 7.80% for chancroid, 11.64% for herpes genitalis, and 4.01% for other non-STIs. Attendees' interactions included 34.36% of referrals to Integrated Counseling and Testing Centres for HIV testing. The gender distribution showed 58.92% male and 40.94% female attendees. Conclusion: Syndromic diagnoses, including vaginal/cervical discharge (21.22%) and genital warts (8.00%), highlight prevalent conditions, necessitating routine screening, early detection, and targeted interventions for effective disease control and prevention. These findings underscore the significance of integrated screening, patient education, and proactive strategies to safeguard public health in the face of rising STI rates. (AU)
Introdução: As infecções sexualmente transmissíveis (IST) apresentam desafios de saúde globais e nacionais significativos, particularmente na Índia. Objetivo: Estimar a prevalência e as características das IST entre os pacientes atendidos na Clínica Suraksha do Centro Regional de doenças sexualmente transmissíveis (DST) Apex, Hospital Safdarjung. Métodos: Dados retrospectivos de janeiro de 2018 a dezembro de 2022 foram analisados estatisticamente utilizando Excel e Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS). O estudo inclui o exame para diagnóstico de diversas IST, como sífilis, HIV, gonorreia, clamídia, tricomoníase, candidíase, vaginose bacteriana, cancroide e herpes genital. A distribuição por gênero e os diagnósticos sindrômicos, incluindo corrimento vaginal/cervical e úlceras genitais, também foram considerados. Foram analisados encaminhamentos para Centros Integrados de Aconselhamento e Testagem para testagem de HIV. Resultados: Os resultados revelam uma carga substancial de IST, com 3,06% apresentando reatividade à sífilis, 1,74% testando positivo para HIV, 3,36% para gonorreia, 11,78% para clamídia, 1,05% para tricomoníase, 26,24% para candidíase, 9,97% para vaginose bacteriana, 7,80% para cancroide, 11,64% para herpes genital e 4,01% para outras infecções não IST. As interações dos participantes incluíram 34,36% de encaminhamentos para Centros Integrados de Aconselhamento e Testagem para testes de HIV. A distribuição por gênero mostrou 58,92% de participantes do sexo masculino e 40,94% do sexo feminino. Conclusão: Os diagnósticos sindrômicos, incluindo corrimento vaginal/cervical (21,22%) e verrugas genitais (8,00%), destacam condições prevalentes, necessitando de exames de rotina, detecção precoce e intervenções direcionadas para controle e prevenção eficazes de doenças. Estas conclusões sublinham a importância do rastreio integrado, da educação dos pacientes e de estratégias proativas para salvaguardar a saúde pública diante do aumento das taxas de IST. (AU)
الموضوعات
Humans , Male , Female , Sexually Transmitted Diseases , Syphilis , Patient Education as Topic , Epidemiology , HIVالملخص
Purpose/Significance To identify the influencing factors of users'willingness to use knowledge service of hospital library.Method/Process Based on the technology acceptance model,the theory of expectation confirmation model and perceived risk theory,the model and hypothesis of users'willingness to continue using knowledge service of hospital library are established.A questionnaire is de-signed and made,which is distributed to the staffs of Affiliated Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College,Huazhong University of Science and Technology by random sampling method.The structural equation model is used to validate and analyze the conceptual model.Result/Conclusion The findings show that expectation confirmation,perceived usefulness,perceived ease of use,and perceived interac-tivity all have positive effects on satisfaction.Of these,perceived usefulness is the most significant factor.Therefore,the key to ensure that users continue to use the library knowledge service is to enhance the usefulness of the service.
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Objective To identify and analyze the key factors affecting the use behavior of elderly patients with smart medical services by taking the smart medical system of a top-three hospital as an example,so as to provide a basis for promoting the use of smart medical services for elderly patients and the age-appropriate transformation of smart medical services.Methods The factors influencing the use behavior of elderly patients with smart medical services were analyzed,and correlation analysis of factors influencing the use behaviour of elderly patients with smart medical services were analyzed by DEMATEL method.Results The centrality and causation of all influencing factors were calculated,and the key influencing factors affecting the use behavior of elderly patients with smart medical services were identified.Among them,the main factors of reason degree are the hospital's willingness to adapt to aging transformation,the influence of key population and relevant national policy support,and the main factor of center degree is the perceived cost of patients.Conclusion The perceived cost of elderly patients can be reduced by improving the smart medical service,enhancing the health information literacy of elderly patients and giving full play to the social support effect,so as to promote the use behavior of elderly patients'smart medical services.
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ObjectiveTo understand the use of antibiotics in inpatients and the incidence and trend of hospital infections， to explore the implementation effect of comprehensive management measures， and to provide reference for hospitals to use antibiotics reasonably. MethodsBased on the hospital infection monitoring and management system， a retrospective analysis and comparison were conducted on the use of antibiotics， submission of microbial test samples， and incidence of hospital infections among inpatients in a tertiary hospital from 2012 to 2021. ResultsFrom 2012 to 2021， the use of antibiotics showed a downward trend， from 50.82% in 2012 to 41.29% in 2021. At the same time， the use rate of restricted and special antibiotics had also decreased， and the use rate of restricted and special antibiotics in patients without hospital infection was significantly lower than that in patients with hospital infection， and the microbial testing rate was also on the rise. The annual incidence rate of hospital infection was 0.69%‒1.92%， and the annual case-time prevalence rate was 0.79%‒2.17%. The annual average rate of the above two in 10 years was 1.18% and 1.34%， respectively. The results of the exponential smoothing model also showed that the utilization rate of antibiotics was decreasing and the incidence of nosocomial infection was stable. ConclusionLarge general hospitals took comprehensive management measures to strengthen the management of rational use of antibiotics， which led to a decline in the use rate of antibacterial drugs for inpatients and an increase in the rate of microbial examination. At the same time， the overall incidence of hospital infection was relatively stable， suggesting that the comprehensive management measures of antibacterial drugs in hospitals had achieved certain results. The current measures need to be optimized in the future to continuously improve the management level of rational use of antibacterial drugs.
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ObjectiveTo understand the usage of antibiotics in outpatients in a county of Zhejiang Province from 2015 to 2020， so as to provide a basis for further standardizing the clinical application of antibiotics in this region. MethodsOutpatient records and prescription records of 146 public medical institutions from 2015 to 2020 were extracted from the electronic medical record data sharing platform system of medical institutions in a county of Zhejiang Province. The utilization rates and the number of types of antibiotics used in outpatient patients were described. According to the drug anatomy， therapeutic and chemical classification system （ATC）， clinical application classification and dosage form， the use status of different types of antibiotics was observed. The annual percentage change （APC） was used to analyze the time trend of antibiotic use. Among the antibiotic prescriptions in each year， the proportions of prescriptions aimed for different use reasons and patients were compared to analyze the changes in the structures of antibiotic prescriptions. ResultsDuring 2015‒2020， a total of 2 861 438 prescriptions were issued in146 primary public medical institutions in this county， including 314 642 prescriptions for antibiotics， and the overall utilization rate of antibiotics was 11%. The utilization rate of antibiotics showed a decreased trend across the years （from 14.23% in 2015 to 7.59% in 2020，APC=-11.51%， 95%CI=-0.01%‒-21.7%， t=-12.05， P<0.001） and an obvious seasonal variation character （higher in winter and spring， lower in summer and autumn）. Cefoxitin sodium for injection was the most used antibiotic in 2015， and cefuroxime was the most used antibiotic from 2015 to 2020， respectively. The utilization rates of cephalosporins （APC=-11.06%， 95%CI=0‒-20.89%， t=-22.233， P<0.001）， quinolones （APC=-9.74%， 95%CI=0‒-18.53%， t=-7.652， P=0.002）， macrolides （APC=-17.52%， 95%CI=0‒-17.52%， t=-3.626， P=0.022） and lincoamides （APC=-49.01%， 95%CI=0‒-74%， t=-3.35， P=0.029） showed a decreasing trend across the years. There were differences in the distribution of drug use reasons （χ2=9 458.427， P<0.001）， as well as the age （χ2=5 421.709， P<0.001） and sex （χ2=245.322， P<0.001） of patients. During the observation period， 50.69% of antibiotic prescriptions were used to treat respiratory diseases， with the highest proportion of 57.67% in 2015 and the lowest proportion of 34.93% in 2020. 58.37% of patients were aged 50‒70 years， with a decreasing proportion of patients under 50 years （17.83% in 2015， 6.64% in 2020） and an increasing proportion of patients over 70 years （24.1% in 2015， 38.41% in 2020）. ConclusionThe utilization rate of antibiotics used in outpatients from primary public medical institutions in a county of Zhejiang Province shows a decreasing trend across the years， but higher than that of secondary and above hospitals in China， and also higher than that of primary medical institutions in economically-developed areas. The management and monitoring of the clinical use of antibiotics in the county should be actively strengthened.
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As an acupoint where the qi of the kidneys is infused in the back and waist,Shenshu(BL23)points belongs to the category of the foot taiyang bladder meridian,which is widely used clinically in the treatment of genitourinary system diseases.Shenshu points are located in the back of the human body foot taiyang bladder meridian direct branch circulation,and for the foot shaoyin meridian of where the symptom is,therefore it has a special property.However,there is a lack of in-depth research on the point properties and utilization of Shenshu points,thus this paper explores their acupoint properties based on the theories of channel,symptom and root cause,and the four seas,and investigates the correlations between their therapeutic efficacy and the method of moxibustion,acupoint matching,and depth of needling through the ancient books and clinical practice.The results showed that different methods of acupuncture and moxibustion,the combination of acupoints,and the depth of needling can stimulate the different therapeutic effects of the Shenshu.Therefore,the therapeutic effects of the Shenshu points can only be better utilized if the acupoints are clearly identified and supplemented with appropriate methods of acupuncture and moxibustion,the compatibility of acupoints,and the depth of needling.
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In order to provide a reference basis for the development of relevant compound preparations， this article takes a comprehensive analysis of the usage and dosage of famous classical formulas in Han dynasty from various perspectives， and gives corresponding countermeasures on this basis. Through the comprehensive analysis of the classification and statistics of Zhongjing's medication characteristics， decoction methods， administration and dosage， and combining conversion methods of weights and measures by ancient medical practitioners， along with the dosage and administration of the listed Han dynasty famous classical formulas， it was found that the "Jiangxi method" served as a general guideline for administration according to Zhongjing's original text. This method allowed for flexible dosing based on the conversion of the ancient measurements to modern equivalents［13.8 g per Liang（两）］， ensuring the safe and effective medication of these formulas. After combing， it is found that although the dosage of single medicine is large in famous classical formulas from Han dynasty， the administration is flexible. The crude drug amount per administration serves as the foundational dose， with the frequency of administration adjusted flexibly according to the condition. This dosing approach becomes the key for the rational development of compound formulations of famous classical formulas. Based on the conclusions of the study， it is recommended that when developing compound formulations of famous classical formulas in Han dynasty， the original administration method and dosage should be respected. The original crude drug amount per administration should be considered as the daily foundational dose， with the frequency of administration described within a range（1 to N times per day， where N is the maximum number of administrations as per the original text）. The specific frequency of administration can be adjusted flexibly by clinical practitioners based on the individual condition. This approach should also be adopted in toxicological studies， where the dosage per administration serves as the basis for toxicity research， and the toxicity profile at the maximum administration frequency should be observed， providing guidance on the clinical safety range. Corresponding drug labels should provide information within a range to indicate toxicological risk intervals.
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La motivation des agents de santé à travers le paiement à temps et complet constitue l'un des éléments clés pour atteindre de bonne couverture vaccinale. Notre objectif était de décrire le paiement électronique utilisé lors de la campagne rubéole-rougeole et d'apprécier la satisfaction du personnel de santé. Nous avons réalisé une étude transversale à visée analytique qui s'est déroulée en Côte d'Ivoire du 15 janvier au 18 février 2019. La population d'étude était constituée des acteurs impliqués à la fois dans la campagne de vaccination contre la rougeole- rubéole en 2018 et dans le paiement électronique. Une recherche documentaire et des entretiens structurés ont permis le recueil des données. Les données ont été analysées à partir du logiciel R studio© version 2021. Le système assurant le paiement électronique se composait des autorités sanitaires, d'un opérateur privé de téléphonie mobile, d'un partenaire technique et financier et des agents de santé bénéficiaires. Un système de critères d'identification, des listes de validation et de vérification à plusieurs niveaux de la pyramide sanitaire a été mis en place. Un peu moins de trois quarts des acteurs du niveau primaire ont été satisfaits par ce mode de paiement. Le paiement électronique constitue un procédé pour améliorer le paiement des agents de santé durant les campagnes de vaccination. Des leçons d'un tel système de paiement devraient être tirées pour un déploiement à grande échelle.
Motivating healthcare workers through timely and complete payment is one of the key elements to achieve high vaccination coverage. Our objective was to describe the use of electronic payment during the measles-rubella campaign and assess the satisfaction of healthcare personnel. We conducted a cross-sectional analytical study in Côte d'Ivoire from January 15 to February 18, 2019. The study population consisted of individuals involved in both the measles-rubella vaccination campaign in 2018 and electronic payment. Data collection was done through documentary research and structured interviews. The data were analyzed using R Studio© software version 2021. The electronic payment system involved health authorities, a private mobile network operator, a technical and financial partner, and the beneficiary healthcare workers. A system of criteria for identifying lists, validation, and multilevel verification within the healthcare pyramid was established. Just under three-quarters of primarylevel actors were satisfied with this payment method. Electronic payment presents an opportunity to improve healthcare worker payment during vaccination campaigns. Lessons from such a payment system should be drawn for large-scale deployment.
الموضوعات
Humans , Male , Female , Personal Satisfaction , Delivery of Health Care , Electronics, Medical , Fees and Chargesالملخص
Purpose: To assess the current trends in use of perioperative antibiotic prophylaxis, especially intracameral antibiotics (ICAB), for cataract surgery in India. Methods: This was an E?survey using a previously validated questionnaire carried out by the All India Ophthalmological Society (AIOS) in August 2022. An E?mail invitation to complete an online 40?point survey was sent to all members of the AIOS using a digital E?mail service (Survey Monkey) and social media platforms. Results: Out of 1804 total respondents, 58% (n = 1022) reported using routine ICAB prophylaxis. Of those using ICAB, 89% (n = 909) reported using it for all cases, whereas the rest used it for specific indications such as post?PC rent (n = 43), one eyed patient (n = 19), and high?risk cases (n = 50). Commercially available moxifloxacin was by far the commonest agent used for ICAB (n = 686, 67%). Eighty respondents (8%) reported noticing occasional toxic reactions and nontoxic corneal edema (n = 64, 6%) with ICAB. Surgeons with >10 years� experience especially practicing in medical colleges used fewer ICAB (OR = 0.52, 95%CI = 0.38 � 0.72, P < 0,001) compared to younger surgeons (<5?year experience) in solo clinics. The commonest reason for nonadoption of IC antibiotics was 搖nconvinced of the need to use it in my setting� (n = 296, 52% of those who answered this question). Conclusion: IC antibiotic prophylaxis for cataract surgery has significantly increased in India from 40% in 2017 to 58% in 2022. Commercially available moxifloxacin was preferred by the majority users. Intraocular inflammation may occur occasionally and needs safer formulations to avoid this
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Background: Smartphone usage is gradually escalating among Indian adolescents, which is having adverse consequences on their health and well-being. Awareness regarding adverse health impacts of smartphone usage among adolescents is thus necessary. Aims and Objectives: This study assessed the smartphone usage pattern and perception regarding its health effects among adolescents attending adolescent friendly health clinic (AFHC) at Medical College and Hospital, Kolkata. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted among 187 adolescents from January to March 2023 at AFHC of Medical College and Hospital, Kolkata selected by systematic random sampling technique. Pre-designed self-administered questionnaire was utilized for data collection. Data were analyzed using SPSS software. Factors associated with the duration of smartphone usage were analyzed using the Chi-square test. Results: Smartphone was used by all the study participants (n = 187). A significant proportion has utilized smartphones for >3-year duration, whereas 114 (60.9%) used them for 1–2 h per day and 56 (29.9%) used them for ?3 h per day. The major adverse health impacts of smartphone usage perceived by the participants were eye symptoms (64.2%), headache (50.8%), and neck pain (46.5%). Gender (?2=12.98, df = 2, P = 0.0012), type of residence (?2 = 7.98, df = 2, P = 0.018), and socioeconomic status (?2 = 34.96, df = 2, P < 0.001) were factors significantly associated with the duration of smartphone usage per day. Conclusion: Smartphone should be optimized to protect the physical and mental well-being of adolescents. Motivation and counselling regarding the adverse effects of smartphone usage is should be given the utmost priority. Generating awareness among parents at the community level through field health workers is also the need of the hour.
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India is the largest consumer of antibiotics in the world. High antibiotic consumption is linked to the emergence and community spread of multidrug-resistant bacteria. It is well-established that antibiotic overuse is one of the leading causes of antibiotic resistance, which is a major global public health challenge. Optimizing antibiotic usage is, thus, an essential issue. Before promoting and defining judicious antibiotic prescribing, it is crucial to analyze practitioners' diagnostic and prescribing practices. Hence, a nationwide retrospective questionnaire-based survey was conducted among 950 Indian doctors. This survey aimed to describe the approaches and practices of Indian doctors towards antibiotic use in upper respiratory tract infections (URTIs) and pyrexia of unknown origin (PUO) and compare practices with national guidelines. These are the most common reasons for primary health care consultations and significantly contribute to the overuse of antibiotics. According to the survey, amoxicillin-clavulanic acid remains the first-line antibiotic for URTI treatment. Third-generation cephalosporins were found to be the most prescribed antibiotics for PUO, uncomplicated typhoid and infections during pregnancy. Our survey results show that most of the clinicians in our study were well aware of the guidelines for antimicrobial use issued by Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR) and the nationwide problem of antimicrobial resistance. This study provides an important insight into the prescribing practices of antibiotics among Indian doctors.
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E-Commerce stands for Electronic Commerce. E-Commerce is improving standard among the commercial community in worlds, about the opportunities offered by E-Commerce. E-Commerce as part of the information technology revolution became widely used in the world trade in general and Indian economy in particular. With advancements in technology, there is many changes has been occupied. In India, across more than 6,50,000 villages and approximately 40% living below poverty line. Literacy rate is 75.08% but rural literacy rate is 71 %. Whereas computer literacy rate is just 6.5% so that E-Commerce is facing many pros and cons. Nowadays in India government is promoting the DIGITAL INDIA campaign so that people can transact and aware of E-Commerce.In the backdrop of all these scenarios the present paper makes an attempt to highlights the favour of E-Commerce in India, and to understand the disfavours of e-commerce in India. There are many reasons for which, E-commerce is playing a vital role in India at the same time there are some fraudulent activities in other views. So this papers tries to explain about the positive and negative aspects of E-commerce in India.
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Incarvillea younghusbandii Sprague is a traditional tonic herb. The roots are used as herbal medicine for nourishing and strengthening, as well as treating postpartum milk deficiency and weakness. In this study, the chloroplast genome of I. younghusbandii was sequenced and assembled by the high-throughput sequencing technology. The sequence characteristics, sequence repeats, codon usage bias, phylogenetic relationships and estimated divergence time of I. younghusbandii were analyzed. The 159 323 bp sequence contained a large single copy (80 197 bp), a small single copy (9 030 bp) and two inverted repeat sequences (35 048 bp). It contained 120 genes, including 77 protein coding genes, 8 ribosomal RNA genes and 35 transfer RNA genes. AAA was the most frequent codon in the chloroplast coding sequence of I. younghusbandii. A total of 42 simple sequence repeats were identified in the chloroplast genome. Phylogenetic analysis revealed I. younghusbandii was mostly like its taxonomically close relative Incarvillea compacta. The divergence between I. younghusbandii and I. compacta was dated to 4.66 million years ago. This study was significant for the scientific conservation and development of resources related to I. compacta. It also provides a basic genetic resource for the subsequent species identification of the genus Incarvillea, and the population genetic diversity study of Bignoniaceae.
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Phylogeny , Molecular Sequence Annotation , Genome, Chloroplast , Sequence Analysis, DNA , Whole Genome Sequencingالملخص
Purpose/Significance The disposal rate of wearable devices is high after use,and analyzing the influencing factors of their continuous usage is conducive to exploring the scheme to promote the continuous usage of wearable devices.Method/Process The paper conducts literature research on relevant researches at home and abroad,and analyzes the research status of continuous usage of wearable devices from four aspects:literature background,theoretical trends,research perspectives and influencing factors.Result/Con-clusion The theoretical research of wearable devices is mainly based on expectation confirmation model;there are two main perspectives based on wearable device application scenarios:health and exercise;the key influencing factors of continuous usage intention for wearable devices are perceived value,positive emotion,perceived risk,user traits and device characteristics.
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ObjectiveTo collect and analyze the properties and application characteristics of external use of roots and rhizomes of Chinese herbal medicines in the Chinese Materia Medica（《中华本草》） to provide data references for the research on clinical external use of Chinese medicine， in order to provide data reference for clinical external use of traditional Chinese medicine（TCM）. MethodThe Chinese herbal medicines included in the Chinese Materia Medica were systematically screened. The inclusion criterion was the explicit mention of terms like "root", "rhizome", "root bark", "tuber", "tuberous root", etc. under the "Source" in the Chinese Materia Medica. Information on properties, flavors, meridian tropism, medicinal parts, fresh use, toxicity, efficacies and indications, and dosage of roots and rhizomes of Chinese herbal medicines was collected. The information was then entered into an Excel spreadsheet for statistical analysis. ResultThe Chinese Materia Medica records 2 662 roots and rhizomes of Chinese herbal medicines, of which 1 653 are suitable for external use. The predominant properties and flavors are cool, cold, bitter, pungent, and sweet. These Chinese herbal medicines mainly act on the liver, lung, and spleen meridians. The primary medicinal parts used include root, rhizome, and root bark. More than half of the roots and rhizomes of Chinese herbal medicines can be used in their fresh form. The main efficacies include clearing heat, removing toxins, resolving stasis, dispersing accumulation, resolving blood stasis and stopping bleeding, reducing swelling and alleviating pain, dispelling dampness and relieving pain. The main indications are skin sores, traumatic injuries, and rheumatic diseases. Common external application methods include poultice, decoction for washing, and applying powdered form. Most of these Chinese herbal medicines lack specific dosage guidelines for external use, with an emphasis on using an appropriate amount. ConclusionThe Chinese Materia Medica contains a wide range of roots and rhizomes of Chinese herbal medicines suitable for external use, with definite therapeutic effects, providing a broad perspective for the application of Chinese medicine externally. However, there are still problems such as unclear dosages and limited research. Further studies are necessary to better utilize the advantages of the external use of Chinese medicine.
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@#Punica granatum L.(pomegranate) is a medicinal plant belonging to the genus Punica Linn..The peel, seed, flower, leaf and root of P.granatum is widely used as traditional medicine in China.Phytochemical studies showed that the major chemical constituents of P.granatum were tannins, flavonoids, terpenes, alkaloids, phenolic acids, anthocyanins, fatty acids, etc.Biological studies on extracts and active ingredients of P.granatum show some bioactivities, such as antioxidant, hypoglycemic, anti-inflammatory, anti-tumor, antibacterial activities.Herein, the chemical constituents and pharmacological effects of different parts of pomegranate were reviewed, providing a theoretical basis for the further research and utilization of pomegranate.
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Bacterial infection is the main cause of infectious diseases in children. Antibacterials play an important role in anti infection treatment of children. At present, the treatment of antimicrobial drugs in children is facing a severe situation of bacterial resistance. In January 2020, a children′s specialized hospital carried out the practice of precise management of antibiotics in combination with key performance indicators. Through the multi sectoral linkage of management and technology, eight key performance indicators and assessment methods were set up from three levels of antibiotic use, bacterial resistance and hospital infection, to standardize the clinical application of antibiotics and continue to promote the rational use of antibiotics. This practice had improved the performance indicators of antibacterial management. Among them, the use intensity of antibacterial drugs for inpatients decreased from 40.07 DDD in 2019 to 29.00 DDD in 2021, the use rate of antibacterial drugs for inpatients decreased from 81.32% to 64.40%, the percentage of antibacterial drug expenses in total drug expenses decreased from 35.41% to 26.82%, the use proportion of non restricted antibacterial drugs in antibacterial drugs increased from 71.30% to 82.21%, and the drug resistance rate of Salmonella to β-Lactam/enzyme inhibitors decreased from 4.84% to 0.03%, and the incidence of hospital infection decreased from 1.16% to 0.96%. The precise management of antibiotics in combination with key performance indicators improved the level of rational use of antibiotics, effectively curbed bacterial resistance, achieved phased results, so as to provide a reference for the scientific management of antibiotics in children′s hospitals.
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OBJECTIVE To investigate the current usage status of OTC drug among residents in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region， and to provide evidence for the science popularization of rational drug use. METHODS By approximate random sampling， the questionnaire survey was conducted with the mini-apps Questionnaire Star among the residents aged 19 and above from 7 league or cities of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region， in order to investigate the current situation of OTC drug use in the region. RESULTS A total of 611 people filled in the questionnaire， and 571 people filled in the questionnaire effectively， with an effective filling rate of 93.45%. According to the results， 18.7% of residents said they did not understand the concept of OTC drugs， 36.1% of residents said they did not know the OTC drug label， and 65.3% of residents did not know the difference between class A and B OTC drugs in terms of OTC drug awareness. And there were statistically significant differences in the scores of OTC drug awareness among different genders， education levels， monthly income and places of residence （P＜0.05）. When choosing OTC drugs， 23.5% of residents still believed in advertisements or friends’ recommendations； 14.5% of the residents did not read the drug instructions carefully before taking drugs. In terms of drug risk， 5.1% of residents had long-term use of OTC drugs； 8.6% of residents reported taking three or more OTC drugs； 2.1% of residents often added other drugs with the same effect or increased the dosage by themselves. They took traditional Chinese medicine， Mongolian medicine and other preparations while taking OTC drugs， accounting for 19.6%， 22.6% and 13.0% respectively. CONCLUSIONS Residents in Inner Mongolia have low awareness of OTC drugs， and their habits of drug use need to be improved. Repeated drug use and overdose drug use are serious， it is necessary to strengthen the publicity and popularization of rational use of OTC drugs.
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【Objective】 To establish a practical and feasible blood management (PBM) model for clinical liver transplant patients, so as to optimize the perioperative blood usage and improve patient prognosis and survival rate. 【Methods】 Led by the Medical Department, a questionnaire survey Establishment and Implementation of a Blood Management Model for Organ Transplant Patients on the importance of establishing a PBM model for liver transplant patients in clinical practice was conducted among 71 staff from relevant departments such as the Anesthesiology Department, Hepatobiliary Department, Blood Transfusion Department, and ICU Medical Department. After statistical analysis, the important items of PBM for liver transplant patients were determined, and a (trial) plan was organized by the Medical Department and training was conducted by Blood Transfusion Department for medical staff training from departments as Anesthesiology, Hepatobiliary and Pancreatology, and ICU; PBM measures for liver transplant patients before, during and after surgery were determined by the Anesthesiology Department, Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Department, and ICU; PBM was fully implemented in the experimental group with liver transplant patients in our hospital in 2021 as subjects; 30 cases of liver transplantation performed in our hospital in 2020 were selected as the control group, and the general data, preoperative laboratory examination results, and preoperative, intraoperative, and postoperative blood transfusion of the two groups of patients were compared. 【Results】 Compared with the control group, the experimental group did not receive any blood component transfusion before surgery. Intraoperative blood transfusion volume of allogeneic components: red blood cells(U) were 12.75(8.75, 18.63) vs 15.25(8.38, 26.13)(P>0.05), apheresis platelet (treatment volume) was 0(0, 2) vs 1(0, 4.25)(P>0.05), plasma(U) was 2 300(1 550, 3 763) vs 3 650(2 075, 5 400)(P0.05), platelets were not transfused, plasma(U) was 0(0, 0) vs 0(0, 600)(P>0.05), and cryoprecipitates were not transfused. 【Conclusion】 The establishment of PBM model for liver transplant patients and the application of its management measures before, during and after transplantation significantly reduced the intraoperative blood transfusion volume and improved the prognosis of patients after transplantation.
الملخص
Background@#Health related internet usage is common among patients globally. The literature review showed no local study regarding health- related internet usage in the Philippines hence investigation of internet use for medical information in the outpatient department was done@*Objective@#To describe the health-related internet usage; its prevalence, reasons & experience on use, perceived effects and sources of medical information in the Outpatient Department of a tertiary Hospital.@*Method@#A single center, observational, sectional study utilizing a modified 33-item self- administered questionnaire about Health-related Internet usage of patients consulting at the service outpatient department of De La Salle University Medical Center, Dasmariñas City, Cavite, Philippines fromSeptember-October 2020. 381 eligible participants were included in the study based on the computed sample size. The data were reported as frequencies and percentage distribution.@*Results@#Majority of the participants belongs to the 26-35 years old group (32.02%) and most were Females (69%). Most used the Internet in general (88%) and Health-related internet usage was high among these users (78.42%). Despite the high internet usage, majority stated that the primary source of medical information was Doctors (76.25%). Commercial websites such as (Google & Yahoo) were the most commonly used during health- related searches (40.49%) and most searches were about their medical condition (36.22%). Most of the participants stated that sometimes they trust information from the internet (58.63%) and find it useful (68%). Forty five percent stated that medical information obtained from the internet were applied without consulting a doctor and subsequently, many does not disclose this information during medical consultation with a doctor (64%). Participants stated that their primary reason for Health-related internet use was personal knowledge about medical condition (57%). Also, most of the participants believed that Health-related searches do not have an effect on their medical condition (62%) and relationship with their doctor (61%).@*Conclusion@#The study clearly indicated that Health- related Internet Usage was a common practice in the outpatient department. Although, majority of the patients stated that their Doctors were the primary source of medical information, many individuals still do not divulge medical information obtained from the internet hence physicians should regularly inquire regarding health-related internet usage and educate regarding erroneous online medical information to correct misperception that may affect their health. Lastly, due to the overwhelming use of the internet among patients, health institutions and practitioners may develop mobile friendly applications to render sufficient medical service and provide holistic care to patients especially in this time of pandemic.