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1.
rev. udca actual. divulg. cient ; 27(1): e2035, ene.-jun. 2024. tab
مقالة ي الأسبانية | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1576989

الملخص

RESUMEN El hormiguero palmero Myrmecophaga tridactyla es una especie que se encuentra amenazada en la Orinoquía, por la fragmentación del paisaje, el atropellamiento en las vías, los monocultivos de arroz, la palma africana y la actividad de extracción de petróleo. El atropellamiento de animales en las redes viales disminuye la tasa de supervivencia anual de los hormigueros, reduciendo la tasa de crecimiento de la especie a valores nulos, como se observa en algunas áreas. Por otro lado, los animales enfermos o atropellados requieren diagnóstico o tratamiento para recuperar su salud, por lo tanto, el propósito del trabajo fue conocer la hematología y la bioquímica sérica en animales silvestres, aparentemente sanos, rescatados por Cormacarena. Previa restricción y sedación con Zoletil® 50, a la dosis de 4 mg/k de peso vivo, se practicó examen clínico y se recolectó de 5-10 mL de sangre por venopunción, a 21 animales. Posterior a su recuperación se liberaron los individuos. Se presentan los valores hematológicos de referencia para eritrocitos, hemoglobina, hematocrito, plaquetas, leucocitos, neutrófilos, linfocitos, proteínas totales, ALT, AST, BUN, creatinina, calcio, fósforo, potasio, sodio, los cuales, son de importancia en la valoración médico-veterinaria, en los programas de conservación de la especie. Se resalta que los valores en osos palmeros de la región son similares a los descritos en otros trabajos en América.


ABSTRACT The giant anteater, Myrmecophaga tridactyla is a species threatened in the Orinoquia region by the fragmentation of the landscape, the running over of the roads, the monocultures of rice, african palm, and the activity of oil extraction. Running over animals on road networks decreases the annual survival rate of giant anteaters from 0.95 to levels of 0.78 reducing the growth rate of the species to null values. On the other hand, sick or run-over animals require diagnosis or treatment to recover their health; in this sense, the work aimed to know the hematology and serum biochemistry in apparently healthy wild animals rescued by Cormacarena. After restriction and sedation with Zoletil ® 50, at a dose of 4 mg/kg of live weight, a clinical examination was performed, and 5-10ml of blood was collected by venipuncture from 21 animals; after recovery, the individuals were released. This work presents the references hematological values of erythrocytes, hemoglobin, hematocrit, platelets, leukocytes, neutrophils, lymphocytes total protein, ALT, AST, BUN, creatinine, calcium, phosphorus, potassium, sodium, which are essential for the veterinary medical assessment for the conservation programs of the species. It is highlighted that the results for palm tree bears in the region are like those described in other works in America.

2.
Rev. med. vet. zoot ; 70(1): 45-64, ene.-abr. 2023. tab, graf
مقالة ي الأسبانية | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1576533

الملخص

RESUMEN Con el proyecto que fundamenta este artículo se desarrolló un análisis detallado del destino final de animales silvestres por parte la autoridad ambiental, con enfoque en los procesos de liberación en los departamentos amazónicos del Amazonas, Caquetá y Putumayo, entre 2019 y 2021, para proponer alternativas efectivas de abordaje y manejo de la situación. Los datos fueron directamente requeridos a la Corporación para el Desarrollo Sostenible del Sur de la Amazonía (Corpoamazonía), y a partir de estos se desarrolló manejo estadístico para posteriormente interpretar los resultados obtenidos a la luz de la literatura académica publicada sobre el tema y la normatividad vigente relacionada. Como producto de la investigación, se identifica que la principal proveniencia de especímenes se establece en la entrega voluntaria (65,59%), seguido del rescate o traslado (27,87%), y decomiso, incautación, aprehensión o medida preventiva (3,96%). Como su principal destino final se identificó la liberación (45,21%). Del total de liberaciones entre 2019 y 2021, solo en 50 (4,09% de los casos), se consignó algún tipo de indicación del lugar o la ubicación específica donde se llevó a cabo, sin mención del procedimiento de caracterización del hábitat o genética del espécimen, o seguimiento posliberación, por lo que resulta necesario potenciar otras formas de uso de la fauna silvestre que permitan reducir el margen de incertidumbre.


ABSTRACT Alongside the project that supports this article, we developed a detailed analysis of the final destination of wild animals by the environmental authority, with a focus on the release processes in the Amazonian departments of Amazonas, Caquetá, and Putumayo, between 2019 to 2021, in order to propose effective alternatives for approaching and managing the situation. The data was directly requested from the Corporation for the Sustainable Development of the South of the Amazon (Corpoamazonía), and they were handled with statistical management to interpret the results obtained according to the academic literature published on the subject and current related regulations. As a result of the investigation, the primary origin of the specimens was identified as voluntary surrender, in 65.59% of the cases; followed by rescue or transfer, in 27.87%; and confiscation, seizure, apprehension, or preventive measure in 3.96%. As their main final destination, release was identified in 45,21% of the cases. Of the total number of releases between 2019 and 2021, only 50 (4.09% of the cases) included some type of indication of the place or specific location where the release took place, with no mention of the habitat or genetic characterization procedure of the specimen, or postrelease follow-up, it is, therefore, necessary to promote other forms of wildlife use that reduce the margin of uncertainty.

3.
Rev. bras. ciênc. vet ; 30(2): 59-63, abr./jun. 2023. il.
مقالة ي الانجليزية | LILACS, VETINDEX | ID: biblio-1562864

الملخص

The present study recorded the consumption of paca and agouti meat and revealed the presence of hydatid cysts in the livers of these rodents in extractivist communities in Brazilian Amazonia. A total of 42 families (with a median four of members per household) were interviewed, of which 98% (n=41) reported the consumption of paca and 86% (n=36) the consumption of agouti. Structures consistent with hydatid cysts were detected more frequently in the liver tissue of the pacas (74% ­ 31 of 42 samples) than the agoutis (26% ­ 11/42). The parasitological analysis of a paca liver confirmed the presence of E. vogeli. The consumption of the meat of these rodents and the confirmation of infection by E. vogeli represent preoccupying risk factors for the inhabitants of these forest communities, given that the uncooked viscera of both rodents are often fed to domestic dogs.


O presente estudo registrou o consumo de carne de paca e cutia e revelou a presença de cistos hidáticos nos fígados desses roedores em comunidades extrativistas da Amazônia brasileira. Foram entrevistadas 42 famílias (mediana quatro membros/família), destas 98% (n=41) informaram o consumo de paca e 86% (n=36) o consumo de cutia. Estruturas compatíveis com cistos hidáticos foram relatadas com maior frequência em fígados de pacas 74% (31/42) do que em cutias 26% (11/42). A análise parasitológica de um fígado de paca confirmou a presença de E. vogeli. O consumo da carne desses roedores e a confirmação da infecção por E. vogeli representam fatores de risco preocupantes para os moradores dessas comunidades florestais, uma vez que as vísceras cruas de ambos os roedores são utilizadas na alimentação de cães domésticos.


الموضوعات
Animals , Zoonoses/parasitology , Echinococcosis/veterinary , Cuniculidae/parasitology , Dasyproctidae/parasitology , Hunting , Liver/parasitology , Animals, Wild/parasitology , Meat/analysis
4.
Tropical Biomedicine ; : 392-399, 2023.
مقالة ي الانجليزية | WPRIM | ID: wpr-1011282

الملخص

@#Blastocystis is a prevalent infectious agent found in the gastrointestinal tract of humans and animals. While the morphology of Blastocystis has been extensively studied, there is still a lack of comprehensive research on its ultrastructure, especially regarding surface characteristics and their correlation with pathogenic potential. Additionally, the subtyping of Blastocystis does not provide information on the isolate’s pathogenicity. This study aimed to examine the morphology and the cell surface of Blastocystis in avian and non-human primates, including peafowl, pheasant, and lion-headed tamarin. By employing light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), this study provides the first evidence of the cellular and surface features of Blastocystis in these animal species. Our findings revealed distinct variations in cell size, shape, and surface morphology among the different host species. Notably, the isolates from peafowl exhibited larger cell sizes compared to the isolates from the pheasant. However, interestingly, both animal species were found to exhibit the same Blastocystis ST6. It was also observed that the surface structure of Blastocystis from different hosts displayed a diverse range of patterns, including mesh-like appearances, deep indentations, and attachments to bacteria. Additionally, findings also revealed the presence of a rough surface structure in peafowl, a characteristic that has been previously linked to pathogenicity and symptomatic infection in animals, as indicated by earlier studies. The findings contribute to our understanding of the morphological features and the surface characteristic of Blastocystis in different host species, shedding light on the parasite’s adaptations and potential implications for host health.

5.
Biota Neotrop. (Online, Ed. ingl.) ; 23(4): e20231476, 2023. tab, graf
مقالة ي الانجليزية | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1527944

الملخص

Abstract Anthropogenic disturbances affecting forest areas can increase disease prevalence and susceptibility in several species of arboreal mammals, such as sloths. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate the most common conditions in body systems of free-ranging sloths admitted at the Wildlife Triage and Rehabilitation Center of Amazonas of the Institute of Environment and Renewable Natural Resources. A total of 227 individuals (139 retrospective cases from 2015 to 2019, and 88 prospective cases from July 2020 to July 2021) were evaluated over a six-year period. Cases from the genus Bradypus showed involvement of the following body systems: 44% respiratory, 29% integumentary, 15% musculoskeletal, 5% digestive, 3% visual, 2% auditory, 1% circulatory and 1% genitourinary, while that distribution in the genus Choloepus was: 39% musculoskeletal, 27% integumentary, 19% respiratory, 9% digestive, 3% circulatory, 1% visual, 1% auditory and 1% genitourinary. The results reveal significant differences between the condition detected and the genus (Bradypus and Choloepus), age and case outcome. These results can provide data for future investigations of sloth diseases, confirming lesions, as well as motivating and suggesting adequate management methods.


Resumo Distúrbios antrópicos que afetam áreas florestais podem aumentar a prevalência de afecções e a suscetibilidade às doenças em diversas espécies de mamíferos arborícolas, como as preguiças. Desta forma, este estudo teve como objetivo avaliar as condições mais comuns nos sistemas orgânicos de preguiças de vida livre admitidas no Centro de Triagem e Reabilitação de Animais Silvestres do Amazonas. Um total de 227 indivíduos (139 casos retrospectivos de 2015 a 2019 e 88 casos prospectivos de julho de 2020 a julho de 2021) foram avaliados durante um período de seis anos. Para o gênero Bradypus foram diagnosticadas 44% de afecções do sistema respiratório, 29% tegumentar, 15% musculoesquelético, 5% digestório, 3% visual, 2% auditivo, 1% circulatório e 1% genitourinário. Por sua vez, para o gênero Choloepus foram detectadas 39% de afecções do sistema musculoesquelético, 27% tegumentar, 19% do sistema respiratório, 19% do sistema respiratório, 9% digestório, 3% circulatório, 1% visual, 1% auditivo e 1% genitourinário. Os resultados mostraram diferenças significativas na prevalência da afecção e gênero das preguiças (Bradypus e Choloepus), a faixa etária e desfecho do caso. Esses resultados podem fornecer subsídios para investigar as doenças de preguiças, confirmando afecções, motivo e sugerir métodos adequados de manejo.

6.
Biosci. j. (Online) ; 39: e39086, 2023.
مقالة ي الانجليزية | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1567049

الملخص

Hemoparasitism is known to vary according to the presence of vectors and hosts, and hematological examination can be a useful tool for early diagnosis in avian medicine, contributing to monitoring and conservation of bird populations. In this context, we aimed to analyze the clinical and hematological aspects of free-ranging owls seized or rescued from the Atlantic Forest biome of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. The animals, with or without clinical signs of diseases, were studied regardless of their age, sex, and physical status. Blood samples were collected and complete blood counts were carried out. Five different species were obtained in this study. These species were Megascops choliba (50%), Asio clamator (18.75%), Athene cunicularia (18.75%), Pulsatrix koeniswaldiana (6.25%), and Strix huhula (6.25%). Orphaned birds and traumatic injuries were the causes of admission to the wildlife rehabilitation facility. The search for hemoparasites revealed infection by protozoa of the genera Haemoproteus, Plasmodium, and Trypanosoma. We concluded that hematological findings in seized or rescued owls predominantly suggested the presence of stress or inflammation resulting from post-traumatic situations. The causes of admission were mostly due to human interference, which demonstrates to have a negative impact on the health aspect of owl populations in urban centers, such as Rio de Janeiro. Blood protozoa are circulating among the different populations of owls and although infection by Haemoproteus spp. and Trypanosoma spp. seems to trigger a low pathogenic potential, Plasmodium infection may indicate unfavorable prognosis, endangering wild species.

7.
Rev. salud pública ; Rev. salud pública;24(2)mar.-abr. 2022.
مقالة ي الأسبانية | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1536721

الملخص

Objetivo Identificar y caracterizar el virus SARS-CoV-2 en una leona africana (Panthera leo), hembra, de edad avanzada, que presentó por varios meses signos relacionados con enfermedad respiratoria atípica. Métodos Se tomaron muestras de hisopados nasales 23 días después de haber reportado secreción nasal inicial. Se realizó la detección del virus SARS-Cov2 mediante RT-qPCR y posteriormente se caracterizó el genoma completo mediante secuencia Illumina. Resultados Desde el punto de vista clínico, los resultados encontrados en las muestras de sangre no mostraron cambios evidentes que se pudieran relacionar con el virus o con todos los signos descritos desde el inicio del caso. Para la secuenciación genómica los análisis mostraron una alineación múltiple comparativa entre los tres genomas (muestra Leona, FIP u NC_045512 [Wu han]) por medio de Mauve, centrado en los genes Spike, E y M (archivo complementario, parte B). Se logró identificar 5 segmentos muy similares entre Leona y NC_045512 (Wuhan). Conclusiones Es necesario adelantar más investigaciones para estandarizar el diagnóstico de esta patología en los animales. Así mismo, se requieren estudios genómicos en estas especies. Además, se evidenció con la revisión del estado de la cuestión que existen muchos vacíos del conocimiento en la implicación zoonótica de la pandemia y en el conocimiento de este virus en animales domésticos y silvestres, lo que supone un reto importante para las investigaciones de aquí en adelante.


Objective To identify and characterize the SARS-CoV-2 virus in an elderly African lioness (Panthera leo) that presented signs related to atypical respiratory disease for several months. Methods Nasal swab samples were taken 23 days after infection. have reported initial nasal discharge. Results The SARS-Cov2 virus was detected by RT-qPCR and the complete genome was subsequently characterized by Illumina sequencing. The results found in the blood samples did not show obvious changes that could be related to the virus or to the signs described from the beginning of the case. For genomic sequencing the analyzes showed a comparative multiple alignment between the three genomes (sample Leona, FIP or NC_045512 (Wu han)) by means of Mauve, focusing on the Spike, E and M genes (Supplementary file, part B); 5 very similar segments between Leona and NC_045512 (Wuhan) was identified. Conclusions It is necessary to carry out more research to standardize the diagnosis of this pathology in animals and guarantee access to it. Also, genomic studies in these species. Additionally, it was evidenced with the literature review that there are many knowledge gaps in the zoonotic implication of the Pandemic and in the knowledge of this virus in domestic and wild animals, which represents an important challenge for research from now on.

8.
Semina cienc. biol. saude ; 43(1): 167-176, jan./jun. 2022. ilus, tab
مقالة ي البرتغالية | LILACS | ID: biblio-1354480

الملخص

Animais presentes em zoológicos frequentemente necessitam de captura e anestesia para a realização de procedimentos clínicos e cirúrgicos. A anestesia total intravenosa apresenta vantagens como redução do estresse cirúrgico e menor depressão cardiovascular e respiratória. Entretanto, ainda são escassas as pesquisas dedicadas dentro deste contexto. Nesse sentido, o objetivo deste relato foi avaliar o protocolo anestésico empregado, visando um procedimento seguro e passível de reversão para a espécie silvestre selecionada. Acompanhou-se a anestesia de um leão (Panthera leo), macho, adulto, proveniente do Zoológico Municipal de Curitiba, submetido a procedimento endodôntico. A medicação pré-anestésica constituiu-se de dexmedetomidina (6 µg/kg), metadona (0,2 mg/kg), midazolam (0,1 mg/kg) e tiletamina-zolazepam (1,2 mg/kg). A indução foi realizada com propofol (1,5 mg/kg) e o animal foi intubado. Visando promover analgesia local, foi realizado bloqueio infraorbitário esquerdo com 5 mL de lidocaína a 2%. A manutenção foi realizada por meio do fornecimento de propofol (0,02-0,1 mg/kg/h), dexmedetomidina (0,5 µg/kg/h) e remifentanil (5 µg/kg/h). O paciente apresentou sedação profunda e foi mantido em plano anestésico cirúrgico; todos os parâmetros fisiológicos monitorados permaneceram estáveis durante todo o procedimento. Após 55 minutos de anestesia o paciente apresentava sustentação espontânea da cabeça, quando foi novamente transportado ao zoológico para soltura no recinto. A ambulação foi considerada normal pelos observadores no zoológico seis horas após a anestesia. Pôde-se concluir que o protocolo realizado se mostrou tanto eficaz quanto seguro para a referida espécie encaminhada ao procedimento em questão.


Zoo animals often require capture and anesthesia in order to undergo clinical and surgical procedures. Total intravenous anesthesia has advantages such as reduced surgical stress and less cardiovascular and respiratory depression. However, specific research on this matter is still scarce. Therefore, the present report aims to evaluate the anesthetic protocol employed, seeking a safe and reversible procedure for the selected wild species. A male adult lion (Panthera leo), from the Zoológico Municipal de Curitiba, was subjected to an endodontic anesthesia, under close monitoring. The pre-anesthetic medication consisted of dexmedetomidine (6 µg/kg), methadone (0.2 mg/kg), midazolam (0.1 mg/kg) and tiletamine-zolazepam (12 mg/kg). Induction was performed with propofol (1 mg/kg) and the animal was intubated. In order to promote local analgesia, a left infraorbital block was implemented with 5 mL of 2% lidocaine. Maintenance was undertaken by supplying propofol (0.02-0.1 mg/kg/min), dexmedetomidine (0.5 µg/kg/h) and remifentanil (5 µg/kg/h). The patient exhibited deep sedation and followed the surgical anesthetic plan; all the monitored physiological parameters remained stable throughout the procedure. After 55 minutes of anesthesia the patient showed spontaneous head support, when it was transported back to the zoo. The ambulation was considered normal by the zoo observers 6 hours after the anesthesia. It was concluded that the protocol was both effective and safe for the referred species undergone the procedure reported.


الموضوعات
Animals , Preanesthetic Medication , Tiletamine , Zolazepam , Propofol , Dexmedetomidine , Analgesia , Anesthesia , Anesthesia, Intravenous , Anesthetics , Animals, Zoo
9.
Pesqui. vet. bras ; Pesqui. vet. bras;42: e06765, 2022. ilus
مقالة ي الانجليزية | LILACS, VETINDEX | ID: biblio-1487684

الملخص

The objective of this study was to describe the clinical and pathological aspects of diseases of the digestive system in agoutis (Dasyprocta leporina Linnaeus, 1758) diagnosed by the "Laboratório de Patologia Veterinária" (Veterinary Pathology Laboratory) of the "Universidade Federal Rural do Semi-Árido" (UFERSA), from January 2018 to February 2020. During the study period, necropsy and a survey of the clinical history of 27 agoutis were performed, 25.93% (7/27) of which were diagnosed with digestive system diseases. The percentages of digestive tract diseases among the diagnosed were: acute carbohydrate overload (11.12%), gastric ulcer (7.41%), gastric volvulus (3.70%), and intestinal volvulus (3.70%). Studies on the occurrence rate of these diseases, as well as the description of their clinical and anatomopathological aspects, may serve as a basis for guiding the appropriate management in the breeding of these animals.


O objetivo deste estudo foi descrever os aspectos clínicos e patológicos das doenças do aparelho digestivo em cutias (Dasyprocta leporina Linnaeus, 1758) diagnosticadas pelo Laboratório de Patologia Veterinária da Universidade Federal Rural do Semiárido (UFERSA), de janeiro 2018 a fevereiro de 2020. Durante o período do estudo, foram realizadas necropsias e levantamento da história clínica de 27 cutias, sendo 25,93% (7/27) diagnosticadas com doenças do aparelho digestivo. Os percentuais de doenças do aparelho digestivo foram: sobrecarga aguda de carboidratos (11,12%), úlcera gástrica (7,41%), vólvulo gástrico (3,70%) e vólvulo intestinal (3,70%). Estudos sobre a taxa de ocorrência dessas doenças, bem como a descrição de seus aspectos clínicos e anatomopatológicos, podem servir de base para orientar o manejo adequado na criação dessa espécie.


الموضوعات
Animals , Dasyproctidae , Digestive System Diseases/pathology , Diet, Carbohydrate Loading/mortality , Stomach Volvulus/pathology , Intestinal Volvulus/pathology , Stomach Ulcer/pathology
10.
Pesqui. vet. bras ; Pesqui. vet. bras;422022.
مقالة ي الانجليزية | LILACS-Express | LILACS, VETINDEX | ID: biblio-1487696

الملخص

ABSTRACT: The objective of this study was to describe the clinical and pathological aspects of diseases of the digestive system in agoutis (Dasyprocta leporina Linnaeus, 1758) diagnosed by the Laboratório de Patologia Veterinária (Veterinary Pathology Laboratory) of the Universidade Federal Rural do Semi-Árido (UFERSA), from January 2018 to February 2020. During the study period, necropsy and a survey of the clinical history of 27 agoutis were performed, 25.93% (7/27) of which were diagnosed with digestive system diseases. The percentages of digestive tract diseases among the diagnosed were: acute carbohydrate overload (11.12%), gastric ulcer (7.41%), gastric volvulus (3.70%), and intestinal volvulus (3.70%). Studies on the occurrence rate of these diseases, as well as the description of their clinical and anatomopathological aspects, may serve as a basis for guiding the appropriate management in the breeding of these animals.


RESUMO: O objetivo deste estudo foi descrever os aspectos clínicos e patológicos das doenças do aparelho digestivo em cutias (Dasyprocta leporina Linnaeus, 1758) diagnosticadas pelo Laboratório de Patologia Veterinária da Universidade Federal Rural do Semiárido (UFERSA), de janeiro 2018 a fevereiro de 2020. Durante o período do estudo, foram realizadas necropsias e levantamento da história clínica de 27 cutias, sendo 25,93% (7/27) diagnosticadas com doenças do aparelho digestivo. Os percentuais de doenças do aparelho digestivo foram: sobrecarga aguda de carboidratos (11,12%), úlcera gástrica (7,41%), vólvulo gástrico (3,70%) e vólvulo intestinal (3,70%). Estudos sobre a taxa de ocorrência dessas doenças, bem como a descrição de seus aspectos clínicos e anatomopatológicos, podem servir de base para orientar o manejo adequado na criação dessa espécie.

11.
Pesqui. vet. bras ; Pesqui. vet. bras;42: e06765, 2022. ilus
مقالة ي الانجليزية | LILACS, VETINDEX | ID: biblio-1356552

الملخص

The objective of this study was to describe the clinical and pathological aspects of diseases of the digestive system in agoutis (Dasyprocta leporina Linnaeus, 1758) diagnosed by the "Laboratório de Patologia Veterinária" (Veterinary Pathology Laboratory) of the "Universidade Federal Rural do Semi-Árido" (UFERSA), from January 2018 to February 2020. During the study period, necropsy and a survey of the clinical history of 27 agoutis were performed, 25.93% (7/27) of which were diagnosed with digestive system diseases. The percentages of digestive tract diseases among the diagnosed were: acute carbohydrate overload (11.12%), gastric ulcer (7.41%), gastric volvulus (3.70%), and intestinal volvulus (3.70%). Studies on the occurrence rate of these diseases, as well as the description of their clinical and anatomopathological aspects, may serve as a basis for guiding the appropriate management in the breeding of these animals.(AU)


O objetivo deste estudo foi descrever os aspectos clínicos e patológicos das doenças do aparelho digestivo em cutias (Dasyprocta leporina Linnaeus, 1758) diagnosticadas pelo Laboratório de Patologia Veterinária da Universidade Federal Rural do Semiárido (UFERSA), de janeiro 2018 a fevereiro de 2020. Durante o período do estudo, foram realizadas necropsias e levantamento da história clínica de 27 cutias, sendo 25,93% (7/27) diagnosticadas com doenças do aparelho digestivo. Os percentuais de doenças do aparelho digestivo foram: sobrecarga aguda de carboidratos (11,12%), úlcera gástrica (7,41%), vólvulo gástrico (3,70%) e vólvulo intestinal (3,70%). Estudos sobre a taxa de ocorrência dessas doenças, bem como a descrição de seus aspectos clínicos e anatomopatológicos, podem servir de base para orientar o manejo adequado na criação dessa espécie.(AU)


الموضوعات
Animals , Digestive System Diseases/pathology , Dasyproctidae , Stomach Ulcer/pathology , Stomach Volvulus/pathology , Intestinal Volvulus/pathology , Diet, Carbohydrate Loading/mortality
12.
J. Vasc. Bras. (Online) ; J. vasc. bras;21: e20210081, 2022. graf
مقالة ي البرتغالية | LILACS | ID: biblio-1360565

الملخص

Resumo O tamanduá-bandeira é um mamífero encontrado na América Central e na América do Sul. Esse animal possui garras que podem chegar a 6,5 cm de comprimento, utilizadas para escavar formigueiros e obter alimento, além de servir para sua defesa. Relatamos o caso de paciente masculino de 52 anos, com histórico de epilepsia, que foi levado desacordado ao pronto-socorro, devido a lesões no seu braço direito causadas por um tamanduá. Frente à suspeita de trauma vascular, o paciente foi submetido a exploração cirúrgica, que evidenciou uma lesão combinada de vasos braquiais, submetida a reparo. Apresentou boa evolução do quadro, recebendo alta hospitalar no segundo dia de pós-operatório e, no seguimento ambulatorial, evoluiu sem sequelas neurológicas ou vasculares.


Abstract The giant anteater is a mammal found in Central and South America. These animals have claws that can reach 6.5 centimeters in length, which they use to dig anthills to obtain food and for defense. We report the case of a 52-year-old male patient with a history of epilepsy who was taken unconscious to the emergency room due to injuries to his right arm caused by an anteater. He underwent surgical exploration to investigate suspected vascular trauma, revealing a combined (arterial and venous) injury of the brachial vessels, which were repaired. He recovered well and was discharged on the second postoperative day. During outpatient follow-up he continued to improve, with no neurological or vascular sequelae.


الموضوعات
Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Brachial Artery/injuries , Ulnar Artery/injuries , Radial Artery/injuries , Vascular System Injuries/surgery , Vermilingua , Embolectomy , Vascular System Injuries/drug therapy , Accidental Injuries , Hoof and Claw
13.
Rev. med. vet. (Bogota) ; (43): 97-116, jul.-dic. 2021. tab, graf
مقالة ي الأسبانية | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1376998

الملخص

Resumen Las modificaciones ambientales generan entornos de interfaz en los que la transmisión de Leptospira spp. puede verse afectada. Con el objetivo de identificar y analizar variables ecoambientales asociadas a potenciales reservorios de Leptospira spp. en la Reserva Ecológica Costanera Sur (RECS) (Buenos Aires, Argentina) y áreas urbanizadas contiguas, se realizó un muestreo por conveniencia en líneas transectas, estratificado y proporcionado. Fueron capturados 170 mamíferos de 11 especies y se analizó la presencia de Leptospira spp. por serología, cultivo y PCR. En áreas conservadas, se registraron mayormente Didelphis albiventris y Deltamys kempi, mientras que Oligoryzomys flavescens también fue hallado en áreas degradadas, y Rattus norvegicus solo fue encontrada en áreas degradadas. No se detectó Leptospira spp. en los mamíferos silvestres. Un perro sin tenedor responsable resultó positivo por serología. Las condiciones ambientales de la RECS sugieren un ecosistema poco propicio para Rattus, evidenciando la importancia de la conservación de áreas naturales en entornos urbanos.


Abstract Environmental modifications generate interface environments in which Leptospira spp. transmission may be affected. In order to identify and analyze eco-environmental variables associated with potential reservoirs of Leptospira spp. in the Reserva Ecológica Costanera Sur (RECS) (Buenos Aires, Argentina) and adjacent urbanized areas, a stratified and proportionate transect line convenience sampling was carried out. A total of 170 mammals of 11 species were captured and analyzed for the presence of Leptospira spp. by serology, culture and PCR. In conserved areas, Didelphis albiventris and Deltamys kempi were mostly recorded, while Oligoryzomys flavescens was also found in degraded areas, and Rattus norvegicus was only found in degraded areas. Leptospira spp. were not detected in wild mammals. One dog without a responsible keeper tested positive by serology. The environmental conditions of the RECS suggest a poor ecosystem for Rattus, demonstrating the importance of the conservation of natural areas in urban environments.

14.
Arq. Ciênc. Vet. Zool. UNIPAR (Online) ; 24(2, cont.): e2402, jul-dez. 2021.
مقالة ي البرتغالية | LILACS, VETINDEX | ID: biblio-1348226

الملخص

Os coronavírus são doenças zoonóticas, e, acometem diretamente na saúde e o bem-estar dos animais, bem como dos seres humanos. O surgimento de Síndromes Respiratórias Agudas Graves produzidas por esses vírus é cada vez mais comuns no mundo. Com intuito de compreender e divulgar a ampliação das informações voltadas a esses gêneros de vírus, a presente revisão de literatura realizou avaliação das possíveis causas da internalização de fontes de alimentos não naturais aos animais silvestres, bem como o uso de animais com fonte alimentar aos humanos e as consequências da interrelação frente essas migrações. Nesse sentido é essencial compreender como esses vírus interagem e modificam sua estrutura genética. Entender a forma as quais se relacionam com os animais e como esses são usados na alimentação humana, torna possível o rastreio e estudos sobre a doença. Somente assim, será possível propor medidas atuais, e prevenir futuras doenças e pandemias.(AU)


Coronaviruses are zoonotic diseases which have direct effect on the health and well-being of both animals and human beings. The emergence of Serious Acute Respiratory Syndromes produced by viruses is increasingly common in the world. In order to understand and disseminate the expansion of information related to these genera of viruses, this work carried out an evaluation of the possible causes of the internalization of non-natural food sources to wild animals, as well as the use of animals as food source to humans and the consequences of the interrelation in the face of these migrations. In this sense, it is essential to understand how these viruses work and understand the way they relate to animals. Only after that it will it be possible to propose measures to the current pandemic and also to prevent future diseases and pandemics.(AU)


Los coronavirus son enfermedades zoonóticas, y afectan directamente la salud y el bienestar de los animales, así como de los humanos. La aparición de Síndromes Respiratorios Agudos Graves producidos por esos virus es cada vez más común en el mundo. Con el fin de comprender y difundir la expansión de las informaciones dirigidas a esos géneros de virus, este estudio con revisión de literatura evaluó las posibles causas de la internalización de fuentes alimenticias no naturales a los animales silvestres, así como el uso de animales como fuente alimenticia a los humanos y las consecuencias de la interrelación. frente esas migraciones. En ese sentido, es fundamental comprender cómo esos virus interactúan y modifican su estructura genética. Comprender la forma en que se relacionan con los animales y cómo ésos son usados en la alimentación humana. Solo entonces será posible proponer medidas actuales y prevenir futuras enfermedades y pandemias.(AU)


الموضوعات
Animal Welfare , Coronavirus , Pandemics , SARS-CoV-2 , Animals, Wild , Zoonoses
15.
Arq. bras. med. vet. zootec. (Online) ; 73(4): 861-867, Jul.-Aug. 2021. ilus
مقالة ي الانجليزية | LILACS, VETINDEX | ID: biblio-1285260

الملخص

The aim of this study was to evaluate the anatomical structures of the skulls of peccaries to establish the basis for their clinical study and future preclinical research. Ten skulls of adult peccaries were subjected to tomographic examination. The data obtained were processed via three-dimensional image reconstruction software (3D images). The reconstructions obtained from the neurocranium of the studied specimens allowed the identification and description of the following structures: nasal bone, frontal bone, parietal bones, incisor bone, maxillary bone, zygomatic bone, temporal bone, palatal bone, occipital bone, vomer bone, pterygoid bone, sphenoid bone, paranasal sinuses and orbit. Computed tomography proved to be an important diagnostic tool in the investigation of the skull of this species, allowing the acquisition of anatomical values not yet documented for the species in the literature.(AU)


O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar as estruturas anatômicas dos crânios de catetos, a fim de se estabelecerem as bases para seu estudo clínico e futuras pesquisas pré-clínicas. Dez crânios de catetos adultos foram submetidos a exame tomográfico. Os dados obtidos foram introduzidos em um software de reconstrução de imagens tridimensionais (imagens em 3D). As reconstruções obtidas do neurocrânio dos espécimes estudados permitiram a identificação e a descrição das seguintes estruturas: osso nasal, osso frontal, ossos parietais, osso incisivo, osso maxilar, osso zigomático, osso temporal, osso palatino, osso occipital, osso vômer, osso pterigoide, osso esfenoide, seios paranasais e órbita. A tomografia computadorizada mostrou-se como uma ferramenta diagnóstica importante na investigação do crânio dessa espécie, permitindo a aquisição de valores anatômicos ainda não documentados para a espécie na literatura.(AU)


الموضوعات
Animals , Artiodactyla/anatomy & histology , Skull/anatomy & histology , Skull/diagnostic imaging , Tomography, X-Ray Computed/veterinary , Imaging, Three-Dimensional/veterinary , Printing, Three-Dimensional
16.
Arq. bras. med. vet. zootec. (Online) ; 73(4): 909-915, Jul.-Aug. 2021. ilus
مقالة ي الانجليزية | LILACS, VETINDEX | ID: biblio-1285276

الملخص

In the last decades in the State of Mato Grosso do Sul - Brazil, the reduction in the preservation of areas due to the degradation of the biome and destruction of the natural environment has caused animals, mainly in the order of non-human primates, to come closer to towns and highways, increasing the number of accidents and in some cases, deaths. New surgical techniques have been developed that favor these species as explained in this report. The howler monkey patient was traumatized in the facial region damaging important vital structures such as facial muscle groups responsible for swallowing food, chewing, breathing, defense, and communication (vocalization and mimicry), in addition to the cartilaginous nasal structures. However, reconstructive facial surgical techniques, used on humans, showed satisfactory results from an anatomical, functional, and aesthetic point of view in howler monkey, with acceptance of the animal with a safe postoperative period for a full recovery of the primate patient.(AU)


Nas últimas décadas, no estado do Mato Grosso do Sul - Brasil, a redução de áreas preservadas pela degradação de biomas e pela destruição de habitat naturais tem favorecido a aproximação de animais - muitos desses, primatas não humanos - em cidades e rodovias, aumentando o número de acidentes e, em alguns casos, de mortes. Novas técnicas cirúrgicas têm sido desenvolvidas, favorecendo essas espécies, como reportado neste trabalho. O paciente macaco bugio foi traumatizado em região facial, envolvendo importantes estruturas vitais, como grupos musculares faciais responsáveis pela apreensão alimentar, mastigação, respiração, defesa e comunicação (vocalização e mímicas), além das estruturas cartilaginosas nasais. No entanto, técnicas cirúrgicas reconstrutivas em face aplicadas e descritas em humanos apresentaram resultados satisfatórios dos pontos de vista anatômico, fisiológico e visual nos macacos bugio, com aceitação deles diante do estresse, com pós-operatório seguro, resultando na reabilitação do paciente primata.(AU)


الموضوعات
Animals , Deglutition , Alouatta caraya/surgery , Mastication , Primates/surgery , Wounds and Injuries/veterinary , Accidents , Oral Surgical Procedures/veterinary , Plastic Surgery Procedures/veterinary
17.
Int. j. morphol ; 39(2): 416-422, abr. 2021. ilus
مقالة ي الانجليزية | LILACS | ID: biblio-1385341

الملخص

SUMMARY: The skeleton of the thoracic limb is one of the key aspects for the understanding of the habits and movement of different mammalian species. Considering the gap about studies related to marsupial osteology, this work proposes to study the aspects inherent to the skeleton of opossums, with emphasis on the detailed anatomical description of the bones that form the thoracic limb. For this purpose, the bones of six specimens of possums of the species Didelphis albiventris were used. These small to medium sized marsupials inhabit a wide range of South America, living in several types of habitats, being commonly described as arboreal omnivores and have anthropic habits. For the execution of this study, the bone accidents perceptible in the specimens were identified by superficial palpation, which were then radiographed. The thoracic limb bones were prepared by boiling and drying in the sun. Finally, from the radiographic images and the prepared bones, a detailed description of the anatomy of the bone components of the thoracic limb of Didelphis albiventris was made, joining the previously obtained data of surface anatomy. These data were compared with data from the literature, discussing the functional significance of the osteological findings of the thoracic limb of Didelphis albiventris.


RESUMEN: El esqueleto del miembro torácico es uno de los aspectos clave para el conocimiento de los hábitos y movimientos de las diferentes especies de mamíferos. Considerando los escasos estudios relacionados con la osteología marsupial, este trabajo se propusoestudiar los aspectos inherentes al esqueleto de la zarigüeya, con énfasis en la descripción anatómica detallada de los huesos que forman el miembro torácico. Para ello se utilizaron los huesos de seis ejemplares de zarigüeyas de la especie Didelphis albiventris. Estos marsupiales de pequeño a mediano tamaño habitan una zona amplia de América del Sur, viven en varios tipos de hábitats, se describen comúnmente como omnívoros arbóreos y tienen hábitos antrópicos. Para este estudio se identificaron mediante palpación superficial los accidentes óseos perceptibles en los especímenes, y posteriormente se tomaron imágens radiológicas. Los huesos de los miembros torácicos se prepararon hirviéndolos y secándolos al sol. Finalmente, a partir de las imágenes radiográficas y de los huesos preparados, se realizó una descripción detallada de la anatomía de los componentes óseos del miembro torácico de Didelphis albiventris, uniendo los datos de anatomía superficial obtenidos previamente. Estos datos se compararon con datos de la literatura, discutiendo la importancia funcional de los hallazgos osteológicos del miembro torácico de Didelphis albiventris.


الموضوعات
Animals , Bone and Bones/anatomy & histology , Upper Extremity/anatomy & histology , Didelphis/anatomy & histology
18.
Arq. bras. med. vet. zootec. (Online) ; 73(1): 108-114, Jan.-Feb. 2021. tab, ilus
مقالة ي الانجليزية | LILACS, VETINDEX | ID: biblio-1153034

الملخص

Ten free-living adult coatis (two males and eight females) were chemically restrained with "ZAD-50", a concentrated formulation prepared with the dehydrated content of a Zoletil/50® vial diluted with 0.25mL of 1% atropine, 0.265mL of Dormiun-V®, and 2.2mL of distilled water, being exactly 3.0mL. The formula was administered to each animal previously captured and physically contained with a net. The loss of righting reflex (RR) occurred at 2.3±0.8 minutes post-injection (MPI), with anesthesia beginning at 4.4±2.7 MPI. Myorelaxant and analgesia were considered excellent at all moments of the evaluation. Conscious reactions were observed at 78.7±22.2 MPI, the return of the RR occurred at 101 ± 18 MPI, and normal ambulation was acquired at 137.0±31.0 MPI. The mean values ​​of physiological parameters measured every 10 minutes between 10 and 50 MPI were 152.2 heartbeats per minute for heart rate, 66.4 respiratory movements per minute for respiratory rate, 39.2oC for rectal temperature, 86.2% for SpO2 and 14.6 mmHg for systolic blood pressure. In the same times, the EEG registered sinus rhythm. No adverse reactions were observed, and the assessed vital parameters remained compatible with the state of chemical restraint.(AU)


Dez quatis adultos de vida livre (dois machos e oito fêmeas) foram contidos empregando-se a formulação denominada "ZAD-50". A fórmula foi preparada a partir do conteúdo desidratado de um frasco de Zoletil/50® diluído em 0,25mL de atropina a 1%, 0,265mL de Dormiun-V® e 2,2mL de água destilada, obtendo-se volume final de 3,0mL. A associação foi administrada, por via intramuscular, a cada animal capturado e contido fisicamente com puçá, em dose calculada por meio de extrapolação alométrica interespecífica. A perda da reação postural de endireitamento (RPE) ocorreu aos 2,3±0,8 minutos pós-injeção (MPI), observando-se início da anestesia aos 4,4±2,7 MPI. Miorrelaxamento e analgesia foram considerados excelentes em todos os momentos da avaliação. Reações conscientes foram observadas aos 78,7±22,2 MPI, o retorno da RPE ocorreu aos 101±18 MPI, e os animais voltaram à ambulação normal aos 137,0±31,0 MPI. Os valores médios dos parâmetros fisiológicos mensurados a cada 10 minutos entre 10 e 50 MPI foram 152,2 batimentos por minuto para frequência cardíaca, 66,4 movimentos por minuto para frequência respiratória, 39,2oC para temperatura retal, 86,2% para saturação parcial de oxigênio e 14,6mmHg para pressão arterial sistólica. Nesses tempos, observou-se ritmo sinusal no eletrocardiograma, e não foram observadas reações adversas.(AU)


الموضوعات
Animals , Body Temperature , Procyonidae/physiology , Respiratory Rate , Heart Rate , Anesthesia/veterinary , Tiletamine/analysis , Zolazepam/analysis , Anesthetics, Combined/analysis , Animals, Wild/physiology
19.
Pesqui. vet. bras ; Pesqui. vet. bras;41: e06758, 2021. tab, graf
مقالة ي الانجليزية | LILACS, VETINDEX | ID: biblio-1340356

الملخص

Free-living wild animals can host a wide variety of endoparasites. When subjected to conditions of captivity, these animals can go through stressful situations and develop parasites. Therefore, the objective of this study was to identify parasitic infection in wild mammals, birds, and reptiles kept at the "Universidade de Caxias do Sul" Zoo, in Rio Grande do Sul state, Brazil. The population studied was based on 76 animals, divided into 50% (38/76) birds, 35.53% (27/76) mammals, and 14.47% (11/76) reptiles distributed in 33 different enclosures. Fecal samples were collected from the enclosures and analyzed in triplicate, using the centrifugal-flotation method with a zinc sulfate solution. Samples from the enclosures 31, 32, 33, (where snakes are located), and 15 (animal death), were not analyzed in triplicate, so the total number of analyses was 91 samples. The results showed that 41.76% (38/91) of the samples were positive for at least one class of endoparasites, such as Nematoda, Cestoda, or Coccidia. The positive samples showed the presence of at least one or more parasites from orders Strongylida (34.21%), Enoplida and Strongylida (23.68%), Enoplida only (23.68%), Cyclophyllidea and Oxyurida (5.26%), Ascaridida only (5.26%), Enoplida, Strongylida, and Ascaridida (5.26%), and Enoplida and Eucoccidiorida (2.63%). Considering the positive samples, 55.26% were collected from birds, 39.47% from mammals, and 5.27% from reptiles. Capillaria sp. eggs were the main structure found in birds, and eggs from the order Strongylida were the most found in samples from mammals. This study showed the order Strongylida as the most frequent parasite found in 63.16% of the total samples, established either in isolated or mixed infestations. Also, mammals and birds were those with a greater quantity of positive samples for endoparasites. Therefore, this study emphasizes the importance of carrying out research assessing the gastrointestinal parasitic fauna in wild animals, so one can determine the conditions under which these parasites become pathogenic to wild animals raised in captivity.(AU)


Os animais silvestres de vida livre podem albergar uma grande variedade de endoparasitas. Esses animais, quando submetidos a condições de cativeiro podem passar por situações de estresse e desenvolver parasitoses. Neste sentido, o objetivo deste trabalho foi identificar a infecção parasitária em mamíferos, aves e répteis silvestres mantidos no Zoológico da Universidade de Caxias do Sul, no Rio Grande do Sul/Brasil. A população estudada foi de 76 animais, nos quais 50% (38/76) eram aves, 35,53% (27/76) mamíferos e 14,47% (11/76) répteis, distribuídos em 33 recintos diferentes. Amostras de fezes foram coletadas dos recintos e analisadas em triplicata pelo método de centrífugo-flutuação com solução de Sulfato de Zinco. Como não foi possível analisar em triplicata o material dos recintos 31, 32, 33 os quais alojam as serpentes e o recinto 15 pois o animal veio a óbito, o total de análises foi de 91 amostras. Os resultados demonstraram que 41,76% (38/91) das amostras foram positivas para, pelo menos, um endoparasita da classe Nematoda, Cestoda ou Coccidia. As amostras positivas indicaram a presença de um ou mais parasitas sendo da ordem Strongylida (34,21%), Enoplida e Strongylida (23,68%), apenas Enoplida (23,68%), Cyclophyllidea e Oxyurida (5,26%), apenas Ascaridida (5,26%), Enoplida, Strongylida e Ascaridida (5,26%), e Enoplida e Eucoccidiorida (2,63%). Das amostras positivas 55,26% foram de aves, sendo que ovos de Capillaria sp. foi a principal estrutura identificada, 39,47% de mamíferos apontando que a ordem Strongylida foi a mais prevalente e 5,27% de répteis. O estudo demonstrou que, dentre os parasitas encontrados, aqueles da ordem Strongylida foram os mais frequentes, sendo observada em monoinfecção ou infecção mista em 63,16% das amostras analisadas. Dos animais avaliados, as aves e mamíferos foram os que apresentaram maior quantidade de amostras positivas para endoparasitas. Diante disso, é importante a realização de pesquisas que permitem avaliar a fauna parasitária para que seja possível determinar as condições em que esses parasitas se tornam patogênicos aos animais cativos.(AU)


الموضوعات
Animals , Animals, Wild/parasitology , Animals, Zoo/parasitology , Parasitic Diseases/diagnosis
20.
Pesqui. vet. bras ; Pesqui. vet. bras;412021.
مقالة ي الانجليزية | LILACS-Express | LILACS, VETINDEX | ID: biblio-1487681

الملخص

ABSTRACT: In Brazil, the illegal capture of wild animals is a crime that contributes to the extinction of species, besides causing environmental imbalance and suffering to the animals. Here, we undertook a quantitative survey of animals sent to the Centro de Triagem de Animais Silvestres (CETAS - Wild Animals Triage Centers) from units of Porto Seguro, Salvador, and Vitória da Conquista during 2009-2019. The 19,317, 34,460, and 43,874 specimens were registered in the units of Porto Seguro, Vitória da Conquista, and Salvador, respectively. The distribution of the totals by class included 80,948 (82.90%) birds, 12,007 (12.30%) reptiles, 4,661 (4.77%) mammals, and 35 arachnids (0.03%). The operations that generated registration at the CETAS were most frequently apprehensions (67,974; 69.67%), followed by voluntary surrender (13,367; 13.69%), rescues (12,803; 13.11%), and transfers (2,735; 2.67%). The animals came from 236 municipalities in the state of Bahia, with emphasis on the municipalities of Salvador, Vitória da Conquista, Feira de Santana, Lençóis, Jequié, and Paulo Afonso. The evaluation of the quantitative seizures by municipalities indicates that the BR-116 is one of the most representative routes for the illegal traffic of wild animals in the state of Bahia and the country.


RESUMO: No Brasil a captura ilegal de animais silvestres é crime e contribui para a extinção das espécies, além de causar desequilíbrios ambientais e sofrimentos aos animais. Este trabalho apresenta quantitativos de animais recebidos e/ou armazenados nos Centros de Triagem de Animais Silvestres (CETAS) do estado da Bahia, no período de 2009-2019. Os totais de 19.317, 34.460 e 43.874 espécimes foram registrados nas unidades de Porto Seguro, Vitória da Conquista e Salvador, respectivamente. A distribuição dos totais por classe incluiu 80.948 (82,90%) aves, 12.007 (12,30%) répteis, 4.661 (4,77%) mamíferos e 35 aracnídeos. Quanto à natureza da operação que gerou o registro nos CETAS, as mais frequentes foram apreensão (67.974; 69,67%), entrega voluntária (13.367; 13,69%), resgate (12.803; 13,11%) e transferência (2.735; 2,67%). Os animais foram apreendidos em 236 municípios do estado da Bahia, com destaque para Salvador, Vitória da Conquista, Feira de Santana, Lençóis, Jequié e Paulo Afonso. A avaliação dos quantitativos das apreensões por municípios indica que a BR-116 é uma das rotas de escoamento mais representativa do tráfico ilegal de animais silvestres, no estado da Bahia e no país.

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