الملخص
Non-communicable chronic diseases (NCDs) are considered one of the leading causes of death worldwide. During the COVID-19 pandemic, these diseases have been neglected due to the Brazilian Unified National Health System (BHUS) overload. In this context, this study aimed to analyze the bond between patients with NCDs and primary care during the COVID-19 pandemic while also seeking to identify the population's level of knowledge about health parameters and their relationship with the healthcare system. A cross-sectional and observational study was conducted, in which an online questionnaire was administered to collect socioeconomic information from patients and their bond with BHUS in the metropolitan region of Maringa, Parana, Brazil, encompassing individuals over 18 years of age. The survey was promoted on social media, and interested participants responded to the questionnaire, which addressed topics such as identification, medication use, disease information, knowledge about NCDs, and general data related to COVID-19. The obtained and analyzed responses revealed a low bond level between this population and primary care and a lack of knowledge about NCDs and their health during the pandemic. There was a notable decrease in seeking healthcare services during this period, which may be explained by the fear of contracting the novel coronavirus. This study is essential to understand patients' responses to public health challenges during the pandemic. It can become a valuable ally in dealing with future pandemics and endemic crises, enabling improvements in care and raising awareness among the population about NCDs and the healthcare system.
Las enfermedades crónicas no transmisibles (ENT) son consideradas una de las principales causas de muerte a nivel mundial. Durante la pandemia de COVID-19, estas enfermedades han sido desatendidas debido a la sobrecarga de las Unidades Básicas de Salud (UBS). En ese contexto, el objetivo de este estudio es analizar el vínculo entre los pacientes con enfermedades crónicas no transmisibles (ECNT) y la atención primaria durante la pandemia de COVID-19, buscando identificar el nivel de conocimiento de la población sobre los parámetros de salud y la relación con el sistema de salud. Se realizó un estudio transversal y observacional, en el que se aplicó un cuestionario en línea para recolectar información socioeconómica de los pacientes y su vínculo con las BHU en la región metropolitana de Maringá/PR, abarcando personas mayores de 18 años. La divulgación se realizó en las redes sociales y los interesados respondieron el cuestionario que abordó temas como identificación, uso de medicamentos, información sobre enfermedades, conocimientos sobre ECNT y datos generales relacionados con el COVID-19. Las respuestas obtenidas y analizadas revelaron un bajo nivel de vinculación de esta población con la atención primaria, así como un desconocimiento sobre las ECNT y su propia salud durante la pandemia. Hubo una notable reducción en la demanda de servicios de salud durante este período, lo que puede explicarse por el temor a la contaminación por el nuevo coronavirus. Este estudio se presenta como una herramienta importante para comprender la respuesta de los pacientes a los desafíos de salud pública durante la pandemia. Puede convertirse en un valioso aliado para enfrentar futuras pandemias y crisis endémicas, posibilitando mejoras en la atención y concientización de la población sobre las ECNT y el sistema de salud.
As doenças crônicas não transmissíveis (DCNTs) são consideradas uma das principais causas de morte em todo o mundo. Durante a pandemia da COVID-19, essas doenças têm sido negligenciadas devido à sobrecarga das Unidades Básicas de Saúde (BHU). Neste contexto, o objetivo deste estudo é analisar o vínculo dos pacientes com DCNTs com a atenção primária durante a pandemia da COVID-19, ao mesmo tempo em que busca identificar o nível de conhecimento da população sobre os parâmetros de saúde e o relacionamento com o sistema de saúde. Realizou-se um estudo transversal e observacional, no qual foi aplicado um questionário online para coletar informações socioeconômicas dos pacientes e seu vínculo com as BHUs na região metropolitana de Maringá/PR, abrangendo indivíduos maiores de 18 anos. A divulgação foi realizada em mídias sociais e os interessados responderam ao questionário que abordou tópicos como identificação, uso de medicações, informações sobre doenças, conhecimento acerca das DCNTs e dados gerais relacionados à COVID-19. As respostas obtidas e analisadas revelaram um baixo nível de vínculo dessa população com a atenção primária, assim como uma falta de conhecimento sobre as DCNTs e a própria saúde durante a pandemia. Observou-se uma notável redução na procura por serviços de saúde durante esse período, o que pode ser explicado pelo receio da contaminação pelo novo coronavírus. Este estudo se apresenta como uma ferramenta importante para compreender a resposta dos pacientes frente aos desafios da saúde pública durante a pandemia. Ele pode se tornar um aliado valioso para lidar com futuras pandemias e crises endêmicas, possibilitando melhorias nos cuidados e na conscientização da população sobre as DCNTs e o sistema de saúde.
الملخص
Demyelination of the central nervous system often occurs in neurodegenerative diseases， such as multiple sclerosis （MS）. The myelin sheath， a layer of myelin membrane wrapping the axon， plays a role in the rapid conduction and metabolic coupling of impulses for neurons. The exposure of the axon will lead to axonal degeneratio， and further neuronal degeneration， which is the main cause of dysfunction and even disability in patients with demyelinating neurodegenerative diseases. In addition to the demyelination of mature myelin sheath， remyelination disorder is also one of the major reasons leading to the development of the diseases. The myelin sheath is composed of oligodendrocytes （OLs） derived from oligodendrocyte progenitor cells （OPCs） which are differentiated from neural stem cells （NSCs）. The process of myelin regeneration， i.e.， remyelination， is the differentiation of NSCs into OLs. Recent studies have shown that this process is regulated by a variety of genes. MicroRNAs， as important regulators of neurodegenerative diseases， form a complex regulatory network in the process of myelin regeneration. This review summarizes the main molecular pathways of myelin regeneration and microRNAs involved in this process and classifies the mechanisms and targets. This review is expected to provide a theoretical reference for the future research on the treatment of demyelinating diseases by targeting the regulation of microRNAs.
الملخص
This narrative review addresses the complex relationship between neurological diseases and artistic expression, which can have a profound impact on a painter´s works. This exploration highlights the dynamic and ever-evolving connection between neuroscience and art, offering insights into the extraordinary ways in which the human brain and artistic expression intersect and evolve. Following brain damage, there may be the emergence of sudden artistic talents, intriguing changes in the styles of established artists, the paradoxical facilitation of artistic abilities despite the cognitive decline consequent to these injuries, besides coping strategies that artists adopt in response to the challenges of health. Therefore, this article investigates different scenarios where brain injuries and disorders have had a profound impact on artists, leading to the emergence of new talents, changes in artistic styles, and unexpected improvements in their work, as well as adaptations in their artistic practices, as represented by some painters such as Tommy McHugh (1949 -2012), Francisco Goya (1746-1828), Otto Dix (1891-1969), Willem de Kooning (1904-1997), William Charles Utermohlen (1933-2007) and Charles Meryon (1821-1868). Consequently, works of art can be valuable but understudied tools for understanding brain dysfunction, although they must be interpreted with great care.
Esta revisão narrativa aborda a complexa relação entre doenças neurológicas e expressão artística, que pode ter um impacto profundo na obra de um pintor. Esta exploração destaca a conexão dinâmica e em constante evolução entre a neurociência e a arte, oferecendo insights sobre as formas extraordinárias pelas quais o cérebro humano e a expressão artística se cruzam e evoluem. Após danos cerebrais, pode haver o surgimento de talentos artísticos repentinos, mudanças intrigantes nos estilos de artistas estabelecidos, a facilitação paradoxal de habilidades artísticas, apesar do declínio cognitivo consequente a essas lesões, além de estratégias de enfrentamento que os artistas adotam em resposta aos desafios de saúde. Portanto, este artigo investiga diferentes cenários onde lesões e distúrbios cerebrais tiveram um impacto profundo nos artistas, levando ao surgimento de novos talentos, mudanças nos estilos artísticos e melhorias inesperadas em seu trabalho, bem como adaptações em suas práticas artísticas, bem como representado por alguns pintores como Tommy McHugh (1949 -2012), Francisco Goya (1746-1828), Otto Dix (1891-1969), Willem de Kooning (1904-1997), William Charles Utermohlen (1933-2007) e Charles Meryon (1821-1868). Consequentemente, as obras de arte podem ser ferramentas valiosas, mas pouco estudadas, para a compreensão da disfunção cerebral, embora devam ser interpretadas com muito cuidado.
الملخص
With the acceleration of social rhythm， the progress of science and technology， and the increase of the number of phubbers， the incidence of cervical degenerative diseases is also increasing year by year. Cervical spondylotic radiculopathy（CSR）， as one of the diseases induced by cervical degeneration， has seriously affected people's quality of life and physical and mental health. Traditional Chinese medicine（TCM） is effective in the treatment of CSR， but the theoretical and basic experimental evidence is not sufficient， and the current formulation standard of animal model is not unified. Therefore， based on the clinical guidelines of Chinese and Western medicine for CSR and the characteristics of the disease and syndrome， the author systematically summarized and analyzed the existing animal models， and found that the existing models of microvascular clamp nerve root compression method had a poor agreement with the the Chinese and Western medical guidelines， while the modeling methods of spinal canal insertion， autologous bone insertion compression， stainless steel column compression， and fixed frame cervical degeneration reflected a high degree of agreement in the Western medical guidelines. However， the Chinese medical diagnostic criteria were poorly matched. This indicates that the existing animal models of this disease show few TCM syndrome elements， and lack information collection and evaluation in animal behavioral evaluation similar to the four diagnoses of TCM. In conclusion， this paper aims to systematically evaluate the current status of animal model establishment of CSR based on the concept of combination of disease and syndrome， so as to provide a theoretical basis for the model establishment of CSR that is more consistent with clinical characteristics and symptoms of Chinese and Western medicine.
الملخص
Disruption of the structure of regular sleep is a common cause of neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer′s disease and Parkinson′s disease, and its pathogenesis may be related to the deposition of waste products in the central nervous system. The glymphatic pathway, which is essentially a periarterial cerebrospinal fluid inflow pathway and peripheral venous clearance pathway, is functionally dependent on interstitial bulk flow coupling supported by aquaporin-4 on the astrocyte end-foot, also known as the lymphoid glial system. The glymphatic pathway, which removes waste proteins from the brain, is active primarily during sleep, and sleep quality declines with age, while the glymphatic pathway system also deteriorates with age, suggesting a relationship between sleep disturbances and symptom progression in neurodegeneration, and glymphatic system as a link closely links the two. The interaction of sleep, aging, metabolic waste and glymphatic pathway reticulation provides new clues to the pathogenesis of central nervous system degenerative diseases, and the glymphatic pathway may constitute a new target on treatment. The recent research progress on the effects of sleep and sleep disorders on the circulation of the glymphatic system, and proposes the possibility of sleep intervention to slow down the impairment of the lymphoid system function or even restore the function of the lymphoid system and thus improve the disease development process were reviewed in this paper.
الملخص
Microglia is involved in the occurrence and development of retinal degenerative diseases,thus its activation is a marker for retinal degenerative diseases.Microglia can be activated by different external stimulating factors and polar-ized into two phenotypes with different functional states and surface markers.The classical activation pathway produces M1 phenotype microglia,which mainly exerts pro-inflammatory and neurotoxic effects;the selective activation pathway pro-duces M2 phenotype microglia,which mainly exerts anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective effects.Precise modulation of microglia polarization is a promising approach for treating retinal degenerative diseases.This paper reviews the role of mi-croglia polarization in the pathogenesis of retinal degenerative diseases,aiming to pioneer new avenues and research ideas for treating retinal degenerative diseases.
الملخص
Introducción: Las enfermedades reumáticas no se limitan a la edad adulta. Afectan a personas de todas las edades, incluidos los niños, y a menudo afectan a adultos jóvenes. En consecuencia, las enfermedades reumáticas pediátricas necesitan una evaluación y un seguimiento minuciosos y cuidadoso. Pueden ser debilitantes y, si no se tratan adecuadamente, pueden poner en peligro la vida. Objetivos: En este artículo se comentará sobre avances en el diagnóstico y tratamiento de las enfermedades reumáticas pediátricas, destacando las ventajas del empleo de determinados medios diagnósticos. Desarrollo: Para ello se ha realizado una revisión bibliográfica que permite aportar elementos importantes a considerar. Conclusiones: Se ha avanzado mucho en las últimas décadas en el campo de la reumatología pediátrica, que incluyen, entre otros, la patogenia, los criterios de clasificación y las terapias. Los reumatólogos pediátricos deben mantenerse al día con el progreso para aumentar la precisión del diagnóstico y mejorar el pronóstico de los pacientes(AU)
ABSTRACT Introduction: The effective treatment of postoperative pain is today a challenge for anesthetists, rheumatologists, orthopedic surgeons, surgeons and researchers of various specialties, who constantly propose protocols based on scientific evidence. Objective: Reflect and open the debate regarding the role of anesthesia in the relief of pain of rheumatological origin. Development: In Rheumatology, it is recommended, in all patients with chronic rheumatic pain, to calculate the intensity of the pain, both for the first choice of the analgesic treatment and for the measurement of the response. And, for this, several methods of quantification have been proposed. Conclusions: Diagnostic management and multidisciplinary treatment preside when this type of case is examined, since it is the only way to identify the origin of pain and provide prudent relief. In general, patients respond to conservative treatment and only a small group will need invasive anesthetic techniques(AU)
الموضوعات
Humans , Child , Adolescentالملخص
Resumen Introducción: Se hace una correlación entre la osteoatrosis y las condiciones laborales, hábitos y estilos de vida de los trabajadores informales del centro de Medellín, Colombia. Objetivo: Identificar la relación de la osteoartritis y la prevalencia de enfermedades crónicas y degenerativas con las condiciones sociodemográficas, laborales, hábitos y estilos de vida en un grupo de trabajadores informales de Medellín, Colombia. Materiales y métodos: Estudio transversal, con fuente primaria de información de 686 trabajadores informales. Se realizó una encuesta asistida, previa toma de consentimiento. Se seleccionaron 289 trabajadores con diagnóstico de enfermedad crónica o degenerativa, ≥18 años, con ≥5 años en su oficio. Se realizaron análisis exploratorios y de asociación con prueba Chi2, y cálculo de RP con IC del 95%. Resultados: el 79,9% de la población padecía alguna enfermedad crónica. El 3,46% presentaba diagnóstico de osteoartritis, siendo significativamente mayor (p<0,05) en quienes tenían entre 21 y 30 años en su oficio (RP=5,62. IC:1,20;26,34). También fue mayor la prevalencia de osteoartritis en; >45 años (RP=2,26), mujeres (RP:4,44), trabajadores sedentarios (RP=1,71), obesos (RP=3,40), así como en quienes habían sido obreros (RP=1,30), en aquellos que tenían puestos de venta semiestacionaria (RP=2,21), vendían productos de cosecha y perecederos (RP=1,78), en quienes trabajaban >8 horas diarias (RP:2,77), ≤5días a la semana (RP=3,10), no tenían espacio suficiente para moverse (RP=2,08), y en quienes tenían posturas o movimientos forzados (RP=2,72). Conclusión: En la población de vendedores informales del centro de Medellín, los factores sociodemográficos, laborales, hábitos y estilos de vida modificables se relacionan con una mayor prevalencia de osteoartritis.
Abstract Introduction: A correlation is made regarding osteoarthrosis and working conditions and lifestyles of informal workers in Medellin downtown. Objective: To identify the prevalence of chronic and degenerative diseases, and the relationship of osteoarthritis with sociodemographic and work conditions, habits and lifestyles, in a group of informal workers from Medellín, Colombia. Materials and methods: Cross-sectional study, with a primary source of information, with 686 workers. An assisted survey was applied, after obtaining consent. 289 workers with a diagnosis of chronic or degenerative disease, ≥18 years old, with ≥5 years in their profession were included. Exploratory and association analysis with Chi2 test, and calculation of PR with 95% CI. Results: 79.9% of them suffered from a chronic disease. 3.46% had a diagnosis of osteoarthrosis, being significantly higher (p <0.05) in those who had spent between 21 and 30 years performing their profession (PR=5,62.CI:1,20;26,34). The prevalence of osteoarthrosis was also higher in; >45 years (PR=2.26), women (PR=4,44), sedentary workers (PR=1,71), obese (PR=3,40), as well as those who had been brick-layers (PR=1,30), in those who had semi-stationary sales positions (PR=2,21), they sold harvest and perishable products (PR=1,78), in those who worked> 8 hours a day (PR:2,77), ≤ 5 days a week (PR=3,10), they did not have enough space to move (PR = 2.08), and in those who had forced postures or movements (PR=2,72). Conclusion: sociodemographic and work factors, habits and modifiable lifestyles are related to a higher prevalence of osteoarthrosis in this working population.
الموضوعات
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , Osteoarthritis , Habits , Life Style , Posture , Work , Chronic Disease , Prevalence , Cross-Sectional Studies , Colombia , Commerce , Diagnosis , Occupational Groupsالملخص
OBJECTIVE@#To investigate the clinical effect of anterior cervical Hybrid surgery in the treatment of cervical degenerative diseases (CDD) and observe the incidence of heterotopic ossification of disc replacement segment at 1 year after surgery.@*METHODS@#From January 2015 to April 2018, 35 patients who received anterior cervical hybrid surgery met the inclusion and exclusion criteria and the complete clinical follow up data were analyzed retrospectively. Complete imaging follow-up data were obtained from 24 patients. There were 15 males and 20 females, aged from 39 to 70(55.57±7.73) years old. The amount of bleeding was for 20 to 100 (40.29±18.39) ml, and the hospitalstay was for 4 to 28(11.03±4.63) days, and the follow-up time was(12.97±1.36) months. Clinical outcomes were assessed by the Tanaka Yasushi cervical spondylitis symptom scale 20 score (YT20), and Japanese Orthopaedic Association (JOA) score. The occurrence of heterotopic ossification after Hybrid surgery was evaluated by X-ray according to McAfee standard one year after operation. Patients with or without heterotopic ossificationwere divided into two groups and their clinical effects were compared.@*RESULTS@#At the final follow up, the mean YT20 score and JOA score were significantly higher than those before operation (P <0.05), and the average improvement rate of JOA was (70.66 ±0.44)%. One year after operation, the heterotopic ossification occurred in 10 of 24 segments, with incidence of 41.70%(10/24), including 29.20% in gradeⅠand 12.50% in gradeⅡ. The results of clinical efficacy comparison between patients with and without heterotopic ossification were as follows:there was no significant difference in JOA score before and after operation (@*CONCLUSION@#The short-term clinical effect of Hybrid surgery is satisfactory for cervical degenerative diseases, and the cause of heterotopic ossification still needs tobe further explored.
الموضوعات
Adult , Aged , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Cervical Vertebrae/surgery , Follow-Up Studies , Intervertebral Disc Degeneration/surgery , Range of Motion, Articular , Retrospective Studies , Total Disc Replacement , Treatment Outcomeالملخص
@#Retinal degenerative diseases such as retinitis pigmentosa and age-related macular degeneration are the main clinical blinding eye diseases with complex etiology and irreversible damage to vision. CX3CR1 is a specific receptor of the chemokine CX3CL1. Both of them participate in various physiological functions and pathological changes of the whole body through regulating the immune system of the body. In recent years, studies have pointed out that CX3CR1 regulates the activity and function of retinal microglia, which play an important role in the process of retinal degenerative diseases. In this paper, the structure and function of the chemokine receptor CX3CR1 and the role of microglia in retinal degenerative diseases were reviewed, so as to provide ideas and directions for future research and treatment of such diseases.