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Introducción: Las infecciones de sitio quirúrgico están asociadas con infecciones relacionadas a la asistencia sanitaria (IRAS), causadas por bacterias que ingresan a través de las incisiones efectuadas durante un procedimiento quirúrgico. Objetivo: Describir la frecuencia y características de las infecciones de sitio quirúrgico en las cirugías de urgencias en pacientes pediátricos hospitalizados en el Hospital General Pediátrico. Materiales y Métodos: Estudio observacional descriptivo, retrospectivo, de corte transversal. Población: Pacientes de 0 a 18 años sometidos a intervención quirúrgica abdominal de urgencia. Variables estudiadas: Edad, Sexo, Procedencia, Comorbilidad, reingreso hospitalario, tiempo trascurrido entre la intervención quirúrgica y la aparición de la infección en sitio quirúrgico. Datos obtenidos del análisis de fichas clínicas y la base de datos del HIS en el paquete estadístico SPSv23 (IBM SPSS, DEMO) utilizando estadística descriptiva. Resultados: Fueron incluidas 440 fichas de pacientes, la mediana de edad fue de 10 años, el 60,5% fueron del sexo masculino y el 71,4% procedían del Departamento Central. Se observó que el diagnóstico más frecuente fue peritonitis de origen apendicular 53,2%. El estado nutricional de la población en estudio fue normal en 93,2%, y fueron reingresos el 3% de los pacientes intervenidos. Presentaron infección de sitio quirúrgico el 4,8%, de los cuales 11/21 fueron absceso de pared. En cuanto al tiempo trascurrido entre la cirugía y la aparición de la infección la mediana fue de 14 días. Conclusión: La frecuencia de infección del sitio quirúrgico encontrada en este estudio fue del 4,8%. La patología quirúrgica con mayor porcentaje fue la peritonitis y el tipo de infección absceso de pared. La mayoría de los pacientes eran escolares con buen estado nutricional.
Introduction: Surgical-site infections are associated with healthcare-associated infections (HAIs), caused by bacteria that enter through the incisions made during a surgical procedure. Objective: To describe the frequency and characteristics of surgical site infections in emergency surgeries in pediatric patients hospitalized at a Pediatric General Hospital. Materials and Methods: This was a descriptive, retrospective and cross-sectional observational study. Population: Patients aged 0 to 18 years undergoing emergency abdominal surgery. Variables studied: Age, Sex, Origin, Comorbidity, hospital readmission, time elapsed between the surgical intervention and the appearance of the surgical site infection. Data obtained from the analysis of clinical records and the electronic health record database in the SPSv23 statistical package (IBM SPSS, DEMO) using descriptive statistics. Results: 440 patient records were included, the median age was 10 years, 60.5% were male and 71.4% came from the Central Department. It was observed that the most frequent diagnosis was peritonitis of appendiceal origin 53.2%. The nutritional status of the study population was normal in 93.2%, and 3% of the operated patients were readmitted. 4.8% had surgical site infection, of which 11/21 were wall abscesses. Regarding the time elapsed between surgery and the appearance of the infection, the median was 14 days. Conclusion: The frequency of surgical-site infection found in this study was 4.8%. The surgical pathology with the highest percentage was peritonitis and the wall abscess type of infection. Most of the patients were schoolchildren with good nutritional status.
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Introduction: Healthcare-associated infections pose a significant challenge, contributing to hospital morbidity and mortality. Objective: To describe the behavior of Healthcare Associated Infections before and during the pandemic reported to a high-complexity health institution in Colombia. Material and Methods: In our retrospective observational study on Healthcare-Associated Infections (HAIs), we analyzed data from all in-patients diagnosed with HAIs between 2018 and 2020. This included clinical, demographic, microbiological, and microbial susceptibility information collected from the Committee on Nosocomial Infections' prospective database. Data from 391 isolates were obtained using Whonet software for antimicrobial resistance surveillance. Results: We found 504 cases of HAIs (2018-2020) with an overall in-hospital infection rate of 2.55/1000 patient-days. The median age for pediatric patients was 5 years, and for adults, 56 years, with 57% male. The leading admission diagnoses were oncologic disease complications (31%). Bacteremia had a 30-day mortality rate of 13%, predominantly catheter-associated (37%). Gram-negative bacilli, notably Klebsiella pneumoniae, Escherichia coli, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, represented 58% cases of HAI. Discussion: The critical need for specific interventions and antimicrobial management to control HAIs, especially given the challenges posed by the COVID-19 pandemic, is highlighted. Conclusions: This is the first report on HAIs incidence at a tertiary hospital in Bucaramanga, Santander (Colombia). Bacteremia was predominant; 75% of HAIs patients had comorbidities. Gram-negative bacilli prevailed; a notable rise in ICU respiratory infections occurred during the 2020 COVID-19 pandemic. Resistance to cephalosporins and carbapenems was prevalent.
الموضوعات
Drug Resistance, Microbial , Cross Infection , COVID-19الملخص
ObjectiveTo understand the use of antibiotics in inpatients and the incidence and trend of hospital infections, to explore the implementation effect of comprehensive management measures, and to provide reference for hospitals to use antibiotics reasonably. MethodsBased on the hospital infection monitoring and management system, a retrospective analysis and comparison were conducted on the use of antibiotics, submission of microbial test samples, and incidence of hospital infections among inpatients in a tertiary hospital from 2012 to 2021. ResultsFrom 2012 to 2021, the use of antibiotics showed a downward trend, from 50.82% in 2012 to 41.29% in 2021. At the same time, the use rate of restricted and special antibiotics had also decreased, and the use rate of restricted and special antibiotics in patients without hospital infection was significantly lower than that in patients with hospital infection, and the microbial testing rate was also on the rise. The annual incidence rate of hospital infection was 0.69%‒1.92%, and the annual case-time prevalence rate was 0.79%‒2.17%. The annual average rate of the above two in 10 years was 1.18% and 1.34%, respectively. The results of the exponential smoothing model also showed that the utilization rate of antibiotics was decreasing and the incidence of nosocomial infection was stable. ConclusionLarge general hospitals took comprehensive management measures to strengthen the management of rational use of antibiotics, which led to a decline in the use rate of antibacterial drugs for inpatients and an increase in the rate of microbial examination. At the same time, the overall incidence of hospital infection was relatively stable, suggesting that the comprehensive management measures of antibacterial drugs in hospitals had achieved certain results. The current measures need to be optimized in the future to continuously improve the management level of rational use of antibacterial drugs.
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Justification and Objectives: despite the importance of companions/visitors for hospitalized patients under specific precautions, it is noted that risks of exposure and dissemination of microorganisms in health services by this population are still incipient in the literature. Thus, the objective was to characterize the current recommendations on specific precautions for companions and visitors of hospitalized patients and to analyze the barriers to their implementation from infection preventionists' perspective. Methods: a descriptive and exploratory study with a quantitative approach, with 89 infection preventionists, between March and June 2020. Data collected by electronic questionnaire, "snowball" sampling and analyzed according to frequency of responses. Results: hand hygiene was the most recommended recommendation (>95.0%). As for non-conformities, staying in the room without attire (78.6%), going to other rooms (53.9%) and keeping doors open as aerosol precaution (51.7%) stood out. Regarding the strategies adopted to guide companions/visitors, there was a predominance of individual verbal guidance (92.4%). The main barrier cited was the lack of institutional policy (56.2%). Conclusion: there was no uniformity in the recommendations, and non-conformities and barriers were listed. The importance of specific prevention guidelines for this public and effective educational strategies for its implementation are highlighted.(AU)
Justificativa e Objetivos: apesar da importância dos acompanhantes/visitantes para pacientes hospitalizados em precauções específicas, nota-se que os riscos de exposição e disseminação de microrganismos nos serviços de saúde por essa população ainda são incipientes na literatura. Dessa forma, objetivou-se caracterizar as recomendações vigentes sobre precauções específicas para acompanhantes e visitantes de pacientes hospitalizados e analisar as barreiras para a sua implementação sob a ótica de prevencionistas de infecção. Métodos: estudo descritivo e exploratório, de abordagem quantitativa, com 89 prevencionistas de infecção, entre março e junho de 2020. Dados coletados por questionário eletrônico, com amostragem tipo "bola de neve" e analisados segundo frequência das respostas. Resultados: a higienização das mãos foi a recomendação mais indicada (>95,0%). Quanto às não conformidades, destacou-se permanecer no quarto sem paramentação (78,6%), frequentar outros quartos (53,9%) e manter portas abertas em precaução para aerossóis (51,7%). Referente às estratégias adotadas para a orientar os acompanhantes/visitantes, houve predomínio da orientação verbal individual (92,4%). A principal barreira citada foi a falta de política institucional (56,2%). Conclusão: não houve uniformidade nas recomendações, e não conformidades e barreiras foram elencadas. Destaca-se a importância de diretrizes de prevenção específicas para esse público e estratégias educativas efetivas para sua implementação.(AU)
Justificación y Objetivos: a pesar de la importancia de los acompañantes/visitantes para pacientes hospitalizados bajo precauciones específicas, se advierte que los riesgos de exposición y diseminación de microorganismos en los servicios de salud por parte de esta población son aún incipientes en la literatura. Así, el objetivo fue caracterizar las recomendaciones vigentes sobre precauciones específicas para acompañantes y visitantes de pacientes hospitalizados y analizar las barreras para su implementación desde la perspectiva de los preventivos de infecciones. Métodos: estudio descriptivo y exploratorio con enfoque cuantitativo, con 89 prevencionistas de infecciones, entre marzo y junio de 2020. Datos recolectados por cuestionario electrónico, muestreo "bola de nieve" y analizados según frecuencia de respuestas. Resultados: la higiene de manos fue la recomendación más recomendada (>95,0%). En cuanto a las no conformidades, se destacó permanecer en la habitación sin atuendo (78,6%), ir a otras habitaciones (53,9%) y mantener las puertas abiertas como precaución contra los aerosoles (51,7%). En cuanto a las estrategias adoptadas para orientar a los acompañantes/visitantes, hubo predominio de la orientación verbal individual (92,4%). La principal barrera citada fue la falta de política institucional (56,2%). Conclusión: no hubo uniformidad en las recomendaciones, y se enumeraron las no conformidades y las barreras. Se destaca la importancia de pautas de prevención específicas para este público y estrategias educativas efectivas para su implementación.(AU)
الموضوعات
Humans , Visitors to Patients/education , Cross Infection/prevention & control , Infection Control , Patients , Epidemiology, Descriptive , Patient Safetyالملخص
Background and Objectives: Recently, complementary resources and equipment have emerged to improve prevention of healthcare-associated infections (HAIs). Our aim is to verify availability and use of different resources/ equipment by infection controllers. Methods: We conducted a survey with infection controllers from the State of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, by invitation using a social media group, in August 2022. Nine different resources and equipment were evaluated. Categorical and continuous variables were evaluated by the chi-square test and MannWhitney U test, respectively. A p value of less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: One hundred and eight persons answered the questionnaire. The mean age was 42.8 years (SD +/- 8.5 years) and 53 (49.1%) reported most of their workload in public hospitals, 45 (41.7%) in private hospitals and 10 (9.2%) reported the same workload in public and private hospitals. Sixty-there percent reported teaching activities in their institutions. There was no correlation between the existence of teaching activities and hospital profile (p=0.42). The most common resource available was molecular biology (PCR) for microbiological samples research for 73 (67.6%) participants. The second resource most available was applications (Apps) for HAIs prevention and control for 33 (30.6%), 19 (17.6%) reported no availability of resource/equipment technology. Conclusion: Molecular biology (PCR) for microbiological samples research was the most common resource available for infection controllers of an important state of Brazil.(AU)
Justificativas e Objetivos: Recentemente, recursos e equipamentos complementares têm surgido para melhorar a prevenção de infecções relacionadas à assistência à saúde. O objetivo deste artigo é verificar a disponibilidade e o uso de diferentes recursos e equipamentos pelos controladores de infecção. Métodos: Realizamos uma pesquisa do tipo survey com controladores de infecção do estado do Rio de Janeiro, por meio de convite pela mídia social, em agosto de 2022. Nove diferentes recursos e equipamentos foram avaliados quanto à disponibilidade e ao uso. Variáveis categóricas e contínuas foram avaliadas pelo teste qui-quadrado e Mann-Whitney, respectivamente. Um valor de p menor que 0,05 foi considerado estatisticamente significativo. Resultados: Cento e oito pessoas responderam ao questionário. A média de idade foi de 42,8 anos (DP +/- 8,5 anos), e 53(49,1%) relataram maior carga de trabalho em hospitais públicos, 45 (41,7%) em hospitais privados e 10(9,2%) carga horária similar nos dois tipos de hospitais. Dos 108, 63% relataram a existência de atividades de ensino nas instituições. Não houve correlação entre existência de atividades de ensino e tipo de hospital (p=0,42). O recurso mais disponível foi o uso de biologia molecular (reação em cadeia de polimerase) por 73 (67,6%) participantes. A segunda ferramenta mais encontrada foi o uso de aplicativos para prevenção e controle de infecção para 33 (30,6%) desses participantes. Dezenove deles (17,6%) relataram ausência de todos os recursos/equipamentos. Conclusão: O uso de biologia molecular para pesquisa de amostras biológicas foi o recurso mais disponível para controladores de infecção de um importante estado brasileiro.(AU)
Antecedentes y objetivos: Recientemente han surgido recursos y equipos complementarios para mejorar la prevención de las infecciones asociadas a la atención de la salud. El objetivo es verificar la disponibilidad y el uso de diferentes recursos/equipos por los controladores de infecciones. Métodos: Realizamos una encuesta entre los controladores de infecciones del estado de Rio de Janeiro, Brasil, por invitación en redes sociales, en agosto de 2022. Se evaluó la disponibilidad y uso de nueve recursos y equipos diferentes. Las variables categóricas y continuas se evaluaron mediante las pruebas de chi-cuadrado y Mann-Whitney, respectivamente. Se consideró estadísticamente significativo un valor de p < 0.05. Resultados: Ciento ocho personas respondieron al cuestionario. La edad media fue de 42,8 años (DE +/- 8,5 años) y 53 (49,1%) reportaron mayor carga de trabajo en hospitales públicos, 45 (41,7%) en privados y 10 (9,2%) reportaron la misma carga en hospitales públicos y privados. De los 108, el 63% reportó actividades docentes en sus instituciones. No hubo correlación entre la existencia de actividades docentes y el tipo de hospital (p=0,42). El recurso más disponible fue el uso de la biología molecular (reacción en cadena de la polimerasa) por 73 (67,6%) participantes. El segundo más común fue el uso de aplicaciones de prevención y control de infecciones por 33 (30,6%) participantes. Diecinueve participantes (17,6%) señalaron la ausencia de todos los recursos/equipos. Conclusiones: El uso de la biología molecular para investigar muestras microbiológicas fue el recurso/equipo más disponible para los controladores de infecciones de un importante estado brasileño.(AU)
الموضوعات
Humans , Cross Infection , Infection Control , Biomedical Technology , Surveys and Questionnaires , Molecular Biologyالملخص
Objetivo: avaliar criticamente Programas de Controle de Infecções Relacionadas à Assistência à Saúde (PCIRAS) em hospitais de médio-extra portes, quanto ao cumprimento dos critérios sanitários nacionais. Métodos: estudo transversal realizado em 18 hospitais com Comissões de Controle de Infecções Relacionadas à Assistência à Saúde (CCIRAS) dos estados de Goiás e São Paulo, Brasil. Para coleta de dados aplicou-se formulário online fundamentado nos itens de avaliação preconizados pela Resolução de Diretoria Colegiada (RDC) Nº 48/2000 - ANVISA. Para análise estatística utilizou-se exame da frequência e distribuição das variáveis (média e desvio padrão - DP). Resultados: as CCIRAS atenderam 100% dos itens imprescindíveis, 93,0% (DP = 5,8) dos necessários e 64,8% (DP = 32,5) dos recomendados. Os Serviços de Controle de IRAS atenderam 90,2% (DP = 16,1) dos itens necessários, e 77,8% (DP = 19,2) dos recomendáveis. Conclusão: itens imprescindíveis foram cumpridos, porém os necessários e recomendados apresentam diferentes graus de inconformidades, podendo comprometer a prevenção e controle de IRAS. A aplicação de roteiro baseado na RDC N° 48/2000 contribui para conhecer a realidade dos PCIRAS dos hospitais, contudo, essa normativa não estabelece percentual mínimo de conformidade, dificultando a interpretação dos resultados. Há necessidade de atualizá-la para instrumentalizar os órgãos fiscalizadores.
Objective: to critically evaluate Healthcare-Associated Infection Control Programs (HAICP) in medium to extra-large hospitals, as to compliance with national health criteria. Methods: cross-sectional study conducted in 18 hospitals with Healthcare-Associated Infection Control Committees (HAICC) in the states of Goiás and São Paulo, Brazil. Data were collected using online form based on the evaluation items from Directors' Collegiate Resolution (RDC) Nº 48/2000 ANVISA. For statistical analysis, frequency, and distribution of variables (mean; standard deviation - SD) were examined. Results:HAICC met 100% of the indispensable items, 93.0% (SD = 5.8) of the required, and 64.8% (SD = 32.5) of the recommended. Healthcare-Associated Infection Control Services complied with 90.2% (SD = 16.1) of the necessary items, and 77.8% (SD = 19.2) of those recommended. Conclusion: indispensable items were met, but the necessary and recommended ones present different degrees of noncompliance, which may compromise the prevention and control of healthcare-associated infections. The application of a script based on the RDC Nº 48/2000 contributes to identify the reality of the hospitals' HAICP, however, this normative does not establish a minimum percentage of compliance, making it difficult to interpret the results. It is necessary to update it in order to provide tools to surveillance agencies.
Objetivo: evaluar críticamente los Programas de Control de Infecciones Relacionadas con la Atención de Salud (PCIRAA) en hospitales medianos y grandes para determinar si cumplen con los criterios nacionales de salud. Métodos: estudio transversal realizado en 18 hospitales con Comisiones de Control de las Infecciones Asociadas a la Atención de Salud (CCIAAS) en los estados de Goiás y São Paulo, Brasil. Para la recolección de datos se aplicó un formulario online, desarrollado con base en los ítems de evaluación recomendados por la Resolución Directiva Colegiada (RDC) Nº 48/2000 de la ANVISA. Para el análisis estadístico, se utilizó el examen de la frecuencia y distribución de las variables (media y desvío estándar - DE). Resultados:las CCIAAS cumplieron en promedio el 100% de los ítems indispensables, el 93,0% (DE = 5,8) de los necesarios y el 64,8% (DE = 32,5) de los recomendados. Los Servicios de Control de las Infecciones Asociadas a la Atención de Salud cumplieron en promedio el 90,2% (DE = 16,1) de los ítems necesarios y el 77,8% (DE = 19,2) de los recomendados. Conclusión: se cumplieron los ítems imprescindibles, pero los necesarios y los recomendados presentan diferentes grados de disconformidad, que pueden comprometer la prevención y el control de las infecciones asociadas a la atención de salud. La aplicación de la rutina basada en la RDC Nº 48/2000 contribuyó a conocer la realidad de los PCIRAA en los hospitales, pero esta normativa no establece un porcentaje mínimo de conformidad, lo que dificulta la interpretación de los resultados. Se hace necesario actualizarla para dotar de herramientas a los organismos supervisores
الموضوعات
Humans , Cross Infection , Epidemiological Monitoring , Quality of Health Care , Hospital Infection Control Programالملخص
RESUMO Objetivo Analisar a qualidade das práticas de profissionais dos programas de controle de infecção em relação aos componentes de estrutura, processo e resultado. Método Trata-se de um estudo de abordagem quantitativa, do tipo descritivo e transversal realizado em 114 serviços de controle de infecção hospitalar das cinco regiões oficiais do Brasil. Coletaram-se os dados por meio de um instrumento estruturado, cujas propriedades psicométricas foram validadas previamente. O tratamento dos dados foi realizado pela análise de componentes principais e o teste não paramétrico Kruskal-Wallis. Resultados O melhor índice de qualidade dos programas de controle de infecção foi atribuído à região Sul, aos hospitais que continham 300 leitos ou mais, aos que utilizavam o critério National Healthcare Safety Network para vigilância das infecções e aos locais que realizavam busca ativa prospectiva como método de vigilância. Conclusão e implicações para a prática O índice de qualidade dos programas de controle de infecção está relacionado à localização, ao tamanho do hospital e ao método adotado para vigilância de infecções. A criação de um índice de qualidade, até então inédito em estudos nacionais, chama atenção para o desempenho precário dos serviços de saúde.
RESUMEN Objetivo Analizar la calidad de las prácticas de los profesionales de los programas de control de infecciones en relación con los componentes de estructura, proceso y resultado. Método Se trata de un estudio cuantitativo, descriptivo y transversal realizado en 114 servicios de control de infecciones hospitalarias de las cinco regiones oficiales de Brasil. Los datos fueron recolectados mediante un instrumento estructurado, cuyas propiedades psicométricas fueron previamente validadas. El tratamiento de los datos se realizó mediante el análisis de componentes principales y la prueba no paramétrica de Kruskal-Wallis. Resultados El mejor índice de calidad de los programas de control de infecciones se atribuyó a la región Sur, a los hospitales que tenían 300 camas o más, a los que utilizaron el criterio de National Healthcare Safety Network para la vigilancia de infecciones y a los locales que realizaban las búsquedas prospectivas activas como el método de vigilancia. Conclusión e implicaciones para la práctica La calidad de los programas de control de infecciones está relacionada con la ubicación, el tamaño del hospital y el método adoptado para la vigilancia de infecciones. La creación de un índice de calidad, hasta ahora inédito en los estudios brasileños, llama la atención sobre el precario desempeño de los servicios de salud.
ABSTRACT Objective To analyze the quality of professional practices in infection control programs regarding structure, process, and outcome. Method This is a quantitative, descriptive, and cross-sectional study carried out in 114 hospital infection control services in the five official regions of Brazil. The data were collected using a structured instrument whose psychometric properties were previously validated. Data treatment was performed by principal component analysis and non-parametric Kruskal-Wallis test. Results The best quality index of infection control programs was attributed to the South region, to hospitals that had 300 beds or more, to those that used the National Healthcare Safety Network criterion for infection surveillance and to places that carried out an active prospective search as their surveillance method. Conclusion and implications for practice: The quality of infection control programs is related to hospital location, size, and infection surveillance method. The creation of a quality index, hitherto unheard of in Brazilian studies, draws attention to the precarious performance of health services.
الموضوعات
Humans , Quality of Health Care , Ancillary Services, Hospital , Infection Control , Hospital Infection Control Program , Patient Safety , Cross-Sectional Studies , Workload , Health Personnelالملخص
Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of an outbreak of carbapenem resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae(CRKP)hospital infection in the neonatal intensive care unit(NICU),and to explore possible causes of the outbreak.Methods Case analysis,epidemiological studies and environmental detection methods were used to investigate the detection of CRKP in the NICU of a hospital from March 11,2022 to May 3,2022,and the causes and corresponding prevention and control measures were analyzed.Results This CRKP outbreak in the NICU occurred in two phases.The first phase was from March 11,2022,to March 30,2022,during which 3 people contracted CRKP hospital infections.The second phase was from April 13,2022,to May 3,2022,during which 4 people contracted CRKP hospital infections.The source of the hospital infection outbreak was patient No.1.All 13 CRKP cases showed sensitivity only to amikacin and tigecycline,with intermediate sensitivity to levofloxacin,and high resistance to other antibiotics.All 13 CRKP cases carried resistant genes for metalloenzymes.After the outbreak,the ward environment was sampled three times,with 35 samples taken in total,and 14 of them tested positive for CRKP.After strict environmental cleaning,disinfection,and multiple control measures,no new hospital infection cases similar to this outbreak were detected after May 13,2022.Conclusion The outbreak of NICU hospital infections may be due to the contamination of the ward environment,medical equipment,and inadequate hand hygiene of medical staff,leading to its spread.Therefore,strict cleaning and disinfection of the environmental surfaces,strengthening hand hygiene of medical staff,and implementing multiple measures can effectively control hospital infections of CRKP.
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Objective:To analyze the current status of neonatal nosocomial infection research at home and abroad, explore its research hotspots and development trends, and provide evidence for further research on the prevention and treatment of neonatal nosocomial infection.Methods:The Chinese and English literature related to neonatal nosocomial infection included in CNKI and Web of Science Database from 2010 to 2021 were searched, and CiteSpace 6.1.R2 and VOSviewer1.6.18 software were used to map the authors, institutions, countries, and keywords of the included literature. At the same time, the burst item map was used to predict the future research development trends to a certain extent.Results:A total of 235 authors and 2 core teams of Chinese literature (1 639 articles), 157 authors and 2 core teams of English literature (1 322 articles) were analyzed. 659 Chinese keywords and 1 330 English keywords were extracted, including "nosocomial infection", "risk factors", "infection", "epidemiology", etc. From these literature, 13 Chinese literature clusters and 6 English clusters were generated, and the clustering results were significant and reasonable. The current research hotspots in China focused on pregnancy outcomes and nursing management, while the hotspots of foreign researches focused on sequelae and disease burden.Conclusions:Compared with international research, domestic research on neonatal nosocomial infection hasn't combined with social, environmental and other related factors, while international research teams have begun to shift the focus of research on neonatal nosocomial infections to disease burden and infection sequelae. In the future, cooperation between domestic and foreign research teams should be strengthened, focusing on the frontier trend of international research, and improving the depth and breadth of research.
الملخص
ABSTRACT Objective. This study aimed to determine the performance of infection prevention and control (IPC) programs in eight core components in level 2 and level 3 hospitals across all provinces in Colombia. Methods. This cross-sectional study used self-assessed IPC performance data voluntarily reported by hospitals to the Ministry of Health and Social Protection during 2021. Each of the eight core components of the World Health Organization's checklist in the Infection Prevention and Control Assessment Framework contributes a maximum score of 100, and the overall IPC performance score is the sum of these component scores. IPC performance is graded according to the overall score as inadequate (0-200), basic (201-400), intermediate (401-600) or advanced (601-800). Results. Of the 441 level 2 and level 3 hospitals, 267 (61%) reported their IPC performance. The median (interquartile range [IQR]) overall IPC score was 672 (IQR: 578-715). Of the 267 hospitals reporting, 187 (70%) achieved an advanced level of IPC. The median overall IPC score was significantly higher in private hospitals (690, IQR: 598-725) than in public hospitals (629, IQR: 538-683) (P < 0.001). Among the core components, scores were highest for the category assessing IPC guidelines (median score: 97.5) and lowest for the category assessing workload, staffing and bed occupancy (median score: 70). Median overall IPC scores varied across the provinces (P < 0.001). Conclusions. This countrywide assessment showed that 70% of surveyed hospitals achieved a self-reported advanced level of IPC performance, which reflects progress in building health system resilience. Since only 61% of eligible hospitals participated, an important next step is to ensure the participation of all hospitals in future assessments.
RESUMEN Objetivo. El objetivo de este estudio es determinar el desempeño de los programas de prevención y control de infecciones (PCI) en relación con ocho componentes básicos en hospitales de nivel 2 y 3 de todas las provincias de Colombia. Métodos. En este estudio transversal se emplearon datos de autoevaluación del desempeño de los programas de PCI informados voluntariamente al Ministerio de Salud y Protección Social por parte de los hospitales durante el 2021. Cada uno de los ocho componentes básicos de la lista de verificación de la Organización Mundial de la Salud incluidos en el Marco de evaluación de prevención y control de infecciones al nivel de establecimientos de atención de salud recibe una puntuación máxima de 100, y la puntuación general del desempeño del programa es la suma de las puntuaciones de estos componentes. Este desempeño se califica según la puntuación general como inadecuado (0-200), básico (201-400), intermedio (401-600) o avanzado (601-800). Resultados. De los 441 hospitales de nivel 2 y nivel 3, 267 (61%) informaron datos sobre su desempeño. La mediana (rango intercuartil [IQR]) de la puntuación general fue de 672 (IQR: 578-715). De los 267 hospitales que proporcionaron información, 187 (70%) alcanzaron el nivel avanzado. La mediana de la puntuación general fue significativamente mayor en los hospitales privados (690, IQR: 598-725) que en los hospitales públicos (629, IQR: 538-683) (p < 0,001). En el caso de los componentes básicos, las puntuaciones más altas fueron para la categoría que evalúa las directrices de PCI (puntuación mediana: 97,5) y más bajas para la categoría que evalúa la carga de trabajo, la dotación de personal y la ocupación de camas (puntuación mediana: 70). La mediana de las puntuaciones generales de PCI varió entre las provincias (p < 0,001). Conclusiones. Esta evaluación a nivel nacional mostró que el 70% de los hospitales encuestados lograron un nivel avanzado autoinformado del desempeño en cuanto a la PCI, lo que refleja el progreso en fortalecimiento de la resiliencia del sistema de salud. Dado que solo participó el 61% de los hospitales que reunían las condiciones, el siguiente paso importante es garantizar la participación de todos los hospitales en futuras evaluaciones.
RESUMO Objetivo. Este estudo teve o objetivo de determinar o desempenho de programas de prevenção e controle de infecções (PCI) quanto a oito componentes centrais em hospitais secundários e terciários de todas as províncias da Colômbia. Métodos. Este estudo transversal utilizou dados de desempenho autoavaliado de PCI enviados voluntariamente pelos hospitais ao Ministério da Saúde e Proteção Social em 2021. Cada um dos oito componentes centrais da lista de verificação na Estrutura de Avaliação de Prevenção e Controle de Infecções da Organização Mundial da Saúde contribui com uma pontuação máxima de 100. A pontuação total de desempenho de PCI é a soma das pontuações nesses componentes. De acordo com a pontuação total, o desempenho de PCI é classificado nas seguintes categorias: inadequado (0-200), básico (201-400), intermediário (401-600) ou avançado (601-800). Resultados. Dos 441 hospitais secundários e terciários, 267 (61%) informaram o desempenho de PCI. A mediana (intervalo interquartil [IIQ]) da pontuação total de PCI foi 672 (IIQ: 578-715). Dos 267 hospitais que disponibilizaram informações, 187 (70%) alcançaram um nível de PCI avançado. A mediana da pontuação total de PCI foi significativamente maior nos hospitais privados (690, IIQ: 598-725) do que nos públicos (629, IIQ: 538-683) (p < 0,001). Entre os componentes centrais, as pontuações mais altas foram observadas na categoria de avaliação das diretrizes de PCI (pontuação mediana: 97,5), ao passo que as mais baixas ocorreram na categoria de avaliação da carga de trabalho, dotação de pessoal e taxa de ocupação de leitos (pontuação mediana: 70). As medianas das pontuações totais de PCI variaram entre províncias (p < 0,001). Conclusões. Esta avaliação nacional mostrou que 70% dos hospitais pesquisados alcançaram um nível avançado de desempenho autorrelatado de PCI, o que demonstra progresso no desenvolvimento de resiliência no sistema de saúde. Como apenas 61% dos hospitais elegíveis participaram, um próximo passo importante é assegurar a participação de todos os hospitais em futuras avaliações.
الملخص
Introducción: Las infecciones asociadas con la asistencia sanitaria se acompañan de altas tasas de morbilidad y mortalidad, incremento en los días de hospitalización y costos directos e indirectos, que constituyen un evento negativo para el paciente y la institución. Objetivo: Evaluar el programa nacional de prevención y control de las infecciones asociadas con la asistencia sanitaria en el Servicio de Terapia Intensiva Polivalente del Hospital Pediátrico Provincial Eduardo Agramonte Piña, según indicadores de estructura, proceso y resultados. Métodos: Se realizó una investigación en sistemas y servicios de salud, de tipo transversal. El universo de estudio estuvo constituido por todos los hospitales de la provincia Camagüey con más de 100 camas y la muestra a discreción por el Servicio de Intensiva Polivalente Pediátrica. La fuente de obtención de datos primarios estuvo conformada por un cuestionario aplicado por las autoras. Resultados: De los diez indicadores de estructura nueve con buena evaluación, de los cinco indicadores de proceso todos recibieron una buena evaluación al igual que los siete indicadores de la dimensión de resultados. Un total de 22 parámetros, de ellos 21 con evaluación de bien y uno de mal. Conclusiones: La evaluación final del programa de prevención y control de las infecciones asociadas con la asistencia sanitaria fue de satisfactoria debido a que sus tres dimensiones obtuvieron resultado adecuado.
Introduction: Infections associated with health care are accompanied by high morbidity and mortality rates, which translates into an increase in hospital days and care costs, which constitute a negative event for the patient and the institution. Objective: To evaluate the national program for the prevention and control of infections associated with health care in the Multipurpose Intensive Care Service of the Eduardo Agramonte Piña Provincial Pediatric Hospital, according to indicators of structure, process and results. Methods: A cross-sectional investigation was carried out on health systems and services. The universe of study was made up of all the hospitals in the Camagüey province with more than 100 beds and the sample at the discretion of the Pediatric Polyvalent Intensive Care Service. The primary data source was made up of a questionnaire applied by the authors. Results: Of the ten structure indicators, nine with a good evaluation, of the five process indicators, all received a good evaluation, as well as the seven indicators of the results dimension. A total of 22 parameters, of which 21 evaluated as good and one evaluated as bad. Conclusions: The final evaluation of the program for the prevention and control of infections associated with health care was satisfactory because its three dimensions obtained adequate results.
الملخص
As infecções hospitalares caracterizam-se como um fator importante para a saúde pública, por tratar-se de infecções recorrentes, principalmente em unidades de terapia intensiva (UTI), que tem causando alta taxa de morbidade e mortalidade, consequentemente aumento no tempo de internação e nos custos associados à internação. O objetivo deste estudo é analisar os indicadores de infecção hospitalar na unidade de terapia intensiva e descrever a incidência das Infecções Relacionadas à Assistência à Saúde (IRAS) na UTI. Trata-se de um estudo transversal, descritivo, com abordagem quantitativa, realizado na UTI de um hospital de grande porte do estado de Goiás. Durante o período analisado, foram notificados 44 casos de IRAS pela SCIH e 1779 pacientes passaram pela unidade. A partir da análise das notificações nas Fichas Referência do SCIH no período de abril a junho de 2022, foi possível observar o registro de IRAS nos referentes meses do semestre na UTI II, com um número maior de ocorrências no mês de maio com 23 casos, e um menor número de casos em abril, com 10 casos notificados. Em relação aso indicadores a PAV destacou-se como o indicador mais prevalente e de grande relevância entre as IRAS notificadas a SCIH. Conclui-se que é extremamente necessário conhecer a importância e a efetividade que os indicadores possuem e como eles podem contribuir para desenvolver medidas eficazes de prevenção e controle de infecção, melhorando tanto a qualidade dos cuidados prestados quanto os custos e credibilidade do estabelecimento de saúde
Hospital infections are characterized as an important factor for public health, because they are recurrent infections, especially in intensive care units (ICU), which has caused a high morbidity and mortality rate, consequently an increase in hospitalization time and costs associated with hospitalization. OBJECTIVE: the objective of this study is to analyze the indicators of nosocomial infection in the intensive care unit and to describe the incidence of HAI in the ICU. This is a cross-sectional, descriptive study with a quantitative approach, conducted in the ICU of a large hospital in the state of Goiás. During the analyzed period, 44 cases of AIS were reported by SCIH and 1779 patients passed through the unit. From the analysis of the notifications in the SCIH Reference Forms from April to June 2022, it was possible to observe the record of IRAS in the referring months of the semester in ICU II, with a higher number of occurrences in The Month of May with 23 cases, and a smaller number of cases in April, with 10 cases reported. In relation to the indicators, VAP stood out as the most prevalent and relevant indicator among the HAI reported to SCIH. It is concluded that it is extremely necessary to know the importance and effectiveness that the indicators have and how they can contribute to develop effective measures for prevention and infection control, improving both the quality of care provided and the costs and credibility of the health establishment.
الموضوعات
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Young Adult , Cross Infection/epidemiology , Health Status Indicators , Intensive Care Units , Sepsis , Pneumonia, Ventilator-Associated , Catheter-Related Infectionsالملخص
Acinetobacter baumannii is widely recognized in clinical environments due to its infectious capacity, antimicrobial adaptability, and lethality. Analyzing the prevalence of this agent in intra- and extra-hospital environments may reveal target indicators for appropriate management interventions. In this observational cross-sectional study, we evaluated the prevalence of A. baumannii within hospitals with intensive care units and in their external surroundings in a macro-health region of Brazil. Samples of Columba livia (pigeon) droppings from the external environment of four hospitals (n = 40), from floor surfaces (n = 20), and door handles (n = 20) of different hospital wards were collected based on random sampling, all of which were evaluated for the presence of A. baumannii using polymerase chain reactions (PCR). The sensitivity and specificity of the technique was verified after the collected samples were contaminated with clinical samples positive for A. baumannii. We detected a significantly higher A. baumannii prevalence (87.50%, CI = 71.29100.00) in samples collected within the hospital environment compared with those obtained from the external environment (12.50%, CI = 0.0028. 71) (p = 0.003). In addition, samples collected from floor surfaces contained bacterial densities (181.3 ± 11.58) that exceeded those in environmental (93.32 ± 1.56) and door handle (142.70 ± 17.14) samples by 94% and 78.71%, respectively. The findings of this study will enhance our understanding of the spatial distribution of A. baumannii and additionally, validate the efficiency of PCR for diagnosis of this infectious agent.
الموضوعات
Cross Infection , Acinetobacter baumanniiالملخص
Objetivo: Analizar la tendencia de las infecciones del torrente sanguíneo asociadas a la instalación de catéter venoso central en el sistema sanitario de Chile. Material y Método: Estudio ecológico, con análisis de tendencia de la prevalencia anual de las infecciones de torrente sanguíneo asociadas a instalación de catéter venoso central en los hospitales chilenos desde el año 2001 a 2019. Para el análisis univariado se utilizaron frecuencias, porcentajes, media y desviación estándar. En el análisis bivariado se utilizó la prueba de X 2 y T de Student en función de la naturaleza de las variables, con un nivel de significación de p=0,0034/0,0039), con un 5% de crecimiento promedio interanual de la tasa. El análisis por regiones muestra, en general, una tendencia estática. Conclusión: La infección del torrente sanguíneo por catéter venoso central es una complicación creciente en Chile, por lo que se hace necesario desarrollar programas e intervenciones que permitan controlar el avance de esta complicación.
Objective: To analyze the trend of bloodstream infections associated with central venous catheter insertion in the Chilean healthcare system. Materials and Methods: Ecological study with trend analysis of the annual prevalence of bloodstream infections associated with central venous catheter insertion in Chilean hospitals from 2001 to 2019. For univariate analysis, frequencies, percentages, mean and standard deviation were used. For bivariate analysis, the X 2 test and Student's t-test were used, according to the nature of the variables, with a significance level of p<0.01. For the trend analysis, a linear trend analysis of the annual prevalence was performed using the Prais-Winsten autoregression method, which allows the estimation of a global trend of a series of data of a quantitative indicator. The annual percent change (APC) and its 95% confidence intervals (CI-95%) were calculated. Results: A total of 27,197,232 cases were analyzed. An overall increasing and significant trend was observed throughout Chile (APC=0.00370; 95% CI=0.0034 / 0.0039), with an average interannual growth rate of 5%. In general, the analysis by region shows a static trend. Conclusion: Central venous catheter-related bloodstream infection is a growing complication in Chile. Therefore, it is necessary to develop programs and interventions to control the progression of this complication.
Objetivo: Analisar a tendência das infecções da corrente sanguínea associadas à instalação de cateter venoso central no sistema de saúde chileno. Material e Método: Estudo ecológico, com análise de tendência da prevalência anual de infecções da corrente sanguínea associadas à instalação de cateter venoso central em hospitais chilenos de 2001 a 2019. Para a análise univariada foram utilizadas frequências, porcentagens, média e desvio padrão. A análise bivariada utilizou o teste X 2 e o teste t de Student de acordo com a natureza das variáveis, com um nível de significância de p<0,01. Para a análise de tendência, foi realizada uma análise de tendência linear da prevalência anual com o método de autoregressão de Prais-Winsten, que permite estimar uma tendência global de uma série de dados de um indicador quantitativo. Foi calculada a variação percentual anual (APC sigla em inglês) e os respectivos intervalos de confiança a 95% (IC-95%). Resultados: Foram analisados 27.197.232 casos. Observou-se uma tendência global crescente e significativa em todo o Chile (APC=0,00370; IC 95%=0,0034/0,0039), com uma taxa média de crescimento anual de 5%. A análise por região mostra, em geral, uma tendência estática. Conclusão: A infecção da corrente sanguínea por cateter venoso central é uma complicação crescente no Chile. Portanto, é necessário desenvolver programas e intervenções para controlar a progressão desta complicação.
الملخص
Introducción: las infecciones asociadas a la asistencia sanitaria son consideradas un gran problema de salud a nivel mundial y tienen gran repercusión económica y social. Las mismas aparecen después de 48 horas de estadía hospitalaria. Son causadas por gran variedad de hongos, bacterias y virus adquiridos durante la asistencia a la salud en el tratamiento de otras afecciones. Objetivo: caracterizar las infecciones asociadas a la asistencia sanitaria en el servicio de Misceláneas del Hospital Provincial Pediátrico Docente "Gral Milanés". Métodos: se realizó un estudio descriptivo, observacional y retrospectivo, en el año 2019. El universo estuvo constituido por 53 pacientes a los que se les diagnóstico infección asociada a la asistencia sanitaria y la muestra quedó representada por 44 pacientes y que cumplieran con los criterios de inclusión y exclusión. Resultados: el sexo masculino 61.4 %, los menores de un año 77.3 %, el rango de 4-6 días 34.1%, la fiebre 41.5%, las bacteriemias 43.2% y las cefalosporinas de 4ta generación fueron los resultados más significativos. Conclusiones: los menores de un año y el sexo masculino fueron los más representados en el estudio, la fiebre fue la manifestación clínica más observada, el rango de estadía hospitalaria de 4-6 días fue el de mayor incidencia, las bacteriemias primarias fueron las predominantes y las cefalosporinas de 4ta generación fue la terapéutica antimicrobiana más utilizada.
Introduction: healthcare-associated infections are considered a major health problem worldwide and have great economic and social repercussions. They appear after 48 hours of hospital stay. They are caused by a wide variety of fungi, bacteria and viruses acquired during health care in the treatment of other conditions. Objective: to characterize infections associated with health care in the Miscellaneous Service of the "Gral Milanés" Teaching Pediatric Provincial Hospital. Methods: a descriptive, observational and retrospective study was conducted in 2019. The universe consisted of 53 patients who were diagnosed with healthcare-associated infection and the sample was represented by 44 patients who met the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Results: male sex 61.4%, children under one year 77.3%, the range of 4-6 days 34.1%, fever 41.5%, bacteremia 43.2% and cephalosporins of 4th generation were the most significant results. Conclusions: children under one year of age and males were the most represented in the study, fever was the most observed clinical manifestation, the range of hospital stay of 4-6 days was the one with the highest incidence, primary bacteremia was the predominant and 4th generation cephalosporins was the most used antimicrobial therapeutic.
Introdução: as infecções relacionadas à assistência à saúde são consideradas um importante problema de saúde em todo o mundo e têm grande repercussão econômica e social. Aparecem após 48 horas de internação. Eles são causados por uma grande variedade de fungos, bactérias e vírus adquiridos durante os cuidados de saúde no tratamento de outras condições. Objetivo: caracterizar as infecções associadas à assistência à saúde no Serviço de Diversos do Hospital Provincial Pediátrico Universitário "Gral Milanés". Métodos: estudo descritivo, observacional e retrospectivo realizado em 2019. O universo foi composto por 53 pacientes com diagnóstico de infecção relacionada à assistência à saúde e a amostra foi representada por 44 pacientes que preencheram os critérios de inclusão e exclusão. Resultados: sexo masculino 61,4%, crianças menores de um ano 77,3%, variação de 4-6 dias 34,1%, febre 41,5%, bacteremia 43,2% e cefalosporinas de 4ª geração foram os resultados mais significativos. Conclusões: crianças menores de um ano e do sexo masculino foram as mais representadas no estudo, febre foi a manifestação clínica mais observada, a faixa de internação de 4-6 dias foi a de maior incidência, bacteremia primária foi a predominante e cefalosporinas de 4ª geração foi a terapêutica antimicrobiana mais utilizada.
الملخص
Objetivo: demonstrar a importância da aplicação dos procedimentos de biossegurança para que se evite o contágio por infecção cruzada nas unidades de terapia intensiva. Método:trata-se uma revisão integrativa da literatura em que se buscou artigos científicos sobre a temática da infecção cruzada pela equipe multiprofissional nas UTI's em algumas bases de dados de Ciências e Saúde. Resultados:foram selecionados 10 artigos publicados entre os anos de 2016e2023.Conclusão:foi possível compreender, então, que o enfermeiro deve estar apto a desenvolver ações de vigilância das infecções relacionadas à assistência em saúde (IRAS) e atuar como multiplicador das ações de prevenção, pois é necessário que existam atitudes responsáveis por parte da equipe multidisciplinar de saúde e que novas pesquisas nessa área devem ser desenvolvidas, visto que o tema da infecção cruzada não se esgotano que foi exposto pelo estudo ora apresentado.Descritores: Infecções Relacionadas à Saúde;Infecção Hospitalar;Enfermagem;Equipe Multiprofissional de Saúde.
Objective:to demonstrate the importance of applying biosafety procedures to avoid cross-infection contagion in intensive care units. Method: this is an integrative literature review in which scientific articles were sought on the subject of cross-infection by the multidisciplinary team in ICUs in some Science and Health databases. Results: 10 articles published between 2016 and 2023 were selected. Conclusion: it was possible to understand, then, that the nurse must be able to develop surveillance actions for infections related to health care (HAI) and act as a multiplier of actions of prevention, as it is necessary that there are responsible attitudes on the part of the multidisciplinary health team and that new research in this area must be developed, since the theme of cross-infection does not end with what was exposed by the study presented here.
Objetivo: demostrar la importancia de aplicar procedimientos de bioseguridad para evitar la infección cruzada en unidades de cuidados intensivos. Método:se trata de una revisión integradora de la literatura en la que se buscaron artículos científicos sobre el tema de infección cruzada realizados por el equipo multidisciplinario en las UCI en algunas bases de datos de Ciencia y Salud. Resultados: se seleccionaron 10 artículos publicados entre 2016 y 2023. Conclusión:fue posible comprender, entonces, que elenfermero debe ser capaz de desarrollar acciones de vigilancia de infecciones relacionadas con la atención a la salud (IRAS) y actuar como multiplicador de acciones de prevención, porque es necesario que haya actitudes responsables por parte del equipo multidisciplinario de salud y que se desarrollen nuevas investigaciones en esta área, ya que el tema de la infección cruzada no difiere en lo expuesto por el estudio aquí presentado.
الموضوعات
Infections , Cross Infection , Nurse's Role , Intensive Care Unitsالملخص
Objective To predict the effectiveness of nosocomial infection management and effectively control the risk of nosocomial infection. Methods In this study, with the population of ICU patients in a Grade A hospital , 345 ICU patients seen from June 2020 to June 2021 were included in the analysis to collect the infection data in the hospital. Based on the use of the decision tree model to analyze the influencing factors of nosocomial infection, the neural network model was also used to predict the risk of developing nosocomial infection. Results The decision tree model showed that advanced age (age> 80 years) influenced the root node. Type 2 diabetes, gender by male, and BMI level were child nodes, which had different synergistic effects on the occurrence of nosocomial infection. At the same time, random forest (RF), support vector machine (SVM), logical regression (LR) and K nearest neighbor (KNN) algorithms were used to construct a neural network prediction model of nosocomial infection risk, suggesting that the condition, sex and body size of basic diseases are related to the occurrence of nosocomial infection. The combined use of the above model in parallel can effectively increase the specificity and reduce the missed diagnosis. Conclusion The neural network model joint decision tree model in parallel and joint early warning of nosocomial infection risk have excellent effect, and can effectively provide information support for the prevention, management and disposal of nosocomial infection.
الملخص
Objetivo:analisar as reinternaçõesnão planejadas após procedimentos cirúrgicos e seus fatores de risco em um hospital de grande porte no Norte do Brasil. Método:coorte prospectiva, com dados coletados de prontuários e à cabeceira do leito. Foram realizadas análises descritivas, análise bivariada e múltipla por meio da regressão de Poisson no Stata® v.16.0. Resultados:do total de 486 pacientes, 1,47% reinternaram. A incidência de reinternação foi 68 a cada 1.000 procedimentos (IC95%: 47,10; 93,85). Na análise ajustada apresentaram-se comofatores de risco não ser branco (RR: 2,06; IC95% 1,13; 3,75), usar implante na cirurgia (RR: 2,00; IC95%: 1,05; 3,81) e procedimentos das especialidades urologia/renal (RR: 3,17; IC95%:1,59-6,31) e ginecologia (RR: 2,18; IC95%:1,06-4,49). Conclusão:a incidência de reinternação nesta região é maior do que outras regiões. Características demográficas e tipo de procedimento cirúrgico foram fatores de risco para o desfecho
Objective:to analyze unplanned readmissions after surgical procedures and their risk factors in a large hospital in Northern Brazil. Method:prospective cohort, with data collected from medical records and at the bedside. Descriptive, bivariate and multiple analysis were performed using Poisson regression in Stata® v.16.0. Results: of the total of 486 patients, 1.47% were readmitted. The incidence of readmissions was 68 per 1,000 procedures (95%CI: 47.10; 93.85). In the adjusted analysis, the risk factors were not being white (RR: 2.06; 95%CI 1.13; 3.75), using implants in surgery (RR: 2.00; 95%CI: 1.05; 3.81) and procedures of the urology/renal specialties (RR: 3.17; 95%CI: 1.59-6.31) and gynecology (RR: 2.18; 95%CI: 1.06-4.49). Conclusion:the incidence of readmissions in this region is higher than in other regions. Demographic characteristics and type of surgical procedure were risk factors for the outcome
Objetivo:analizar los reingresos no planificados después de procedimientos quirúrgicos y sus factores de riesgo en un gran hospital del norte de Brasil. Método:cohorte prospectiva, con datos recolectados de historias clínicas y al lado de la cama. Se realizaron análisis descriptivos, bivariados y múltiples mediante regresión de Poisson en Stata® v.16.0. Resultados:del total de 486 pacientes, el 1,47% reingresó. La incidencia de reingresos fue de 68 por 1.000 procedimientos (IC del 95%: 47,10; 93,85). En el análisis ajustado, los factores de riesgo fueron no ser blanco (RR: 2,06; IC 95% 1,13; 3,75), uso de implantes en cirugía (RR: 2,00; IC 95%: 1,05; 3,81) y procedimientos de la urología/especialidades renales (RR: 3,17; IC 95%: 1,59-6,31) y ginecología (RR: 2,18; IC 95%: 1,06-4,49). Conclusión: la incidencia de reingresos en esta región es mayor que en otras regiones. Las características demográficas y el tipo de procedimiento quirúrgico fueron factores de riesgo para el resultado
الموضوعات
Humans , Male , Female , Patient Readmission , Surgical Procedures, Operative , Cross Infection , Longitudinal Studiesالملخص
Introduction: Hospitalized patients with systemic autoimmune rheumatic diseases (SARDs) generate high impact in clinical terms. Objectives: To characterize the study population and estimate risk factors associated with the presence of adverse outcomes in hospitalized patients consulting rheumatology at Clínica Imbanaco between January 2013 and December 2019. Methods: We analyzed a historical cohort of hospitalized patients who were evaluated by rheumatology. The population was classified as follows: group 1, patients with new onset diagnosed SARDs; group 2, patients with known diagnosed SARDs; group 3, patients without diagnosed SARDs; and group 4, patients with unconfirmed suspicion of SARDs. A composite adverse outcome was defined if at least one of the following occurred: (1) hospital mortality, (2) admission to the intensive care unit, (3) hospital infection, or (4) readmission. Results: Information was collected from 327 hospitalization events (307 patients). The median age was 48 (34-63) years and 222 (72.3%) were women. The composite adverse outcome occurred in 136 (41.5%) hospitalization events. Group 2 had the highest number of adverse outcomes (61/128; 47.6%). The variables associated with the worst outcomes were cardiovascular diagnosis at admission (OR = 4.63; CI: 1.60-13.43; p = 0.005), longer hospital stay (OR = 1.04; CI: 1.01-1.07; p = 0.005), and a treating specialty other than internal medicine (OR = 2.79; CI: 1.26-6.17; p = 0.011). Male sex (OR = 0.29; CI: 0.12-0.66; p = 0.004), having special health coverage (OR = 0.39; CI: 0.15-.099; p = 0.047), and hemoglobin > 11.4 g/dL (OR = 0.82; CI: 0.69-0.99; p = 0.039) were the factors associated with lower odds of developing the composite outcome. Conclusions: In this historical cohort, the group of patients with known diagnosed SARDs presented a higher number in percentage terms of adverse outcomes. The most frequent adverse outcomes were admission to the ICU and hospital readmission.
Introducción: Los pacientes hospitalizados con enfermedades reumáticas o autoinmunes sistémicas (ERAS) generan gran impacto en términos clínicos. Objetivos: Caracterizar a la población y estimar factores de riesgo asociados con la presencia de desenlaces adversos en pacientes evaluados hospitalariamente por reumatología en la Clínica Imbanaco durante los arios 2013-2019. Metodología: Se analizó una cohorte histórica de pacientes hospitalizados que fueron evaluados por reumatología. La población se clasificó así: grupo 1, pacientes con ERAS diagnosticada de novo; grupo 2, pacientes con ERAS diagnosticada conocida; grupo 3, pacientes sin ERAS diagnosticada; y grupo 4, pacientes con sospecha no confirmada de ERAS. Se definió un desenlace adverso compuesto si se presentó al menos uno de los siguientes casos: 1) mortalidad hospitalaria; 2) ingreso a la unidad de cuidado intensivo; 3) infección intrahospitalaria; 4) reingreso. Resultados: En un total de 327 eventos de hospitalización (307 pacientes), la mediana de edad fue 48 (34-63) años y 222 (72,3%) fueron mujeres. El desenlace adverso compuesto se presentó en 136 (41,5%) eventos. El grupo 2 tuvo mayor número de desenlaces adversos (61/128; 47,6%). Las variables asociadas con peores resultados fueron: diagnóstico inicial cardiovascular (OR = 4,63; IC: 1,60-13,43; p = 0,005), mayor estancia hospitalaria (OR = 1,04; IC: 1,01-1,07; p = 0,005) y tener una especialidad tratante diferente a medicina interna (OR = 2,79; IC: 1,266,17; p = 0,011). El sexo masculino (OR = 0,29; IC: 0,12-0,66; p = 0,004), pertenecer a un régimen especial de salud (OR = 0,39; IC: 0,15-0,99; p = 0,047) y tener hemoglobina > 11,4 g/dL (OR = 0,82; IC: 0,69-0,99; p = 0,039) fueron factores asociados con menor oportunidad de desarrollar el desenlace compuesto. Conclusiones: En esta cohorte histórica se encontró que porcentualmente el grupo de pacientes con ERAS diagnosticadas conocidas presentó mayor número de desenlaces adversos, entre los que se destacan para el mismo grupo, el ingreso a UCI y el reingreso hospitalario.
الموضوعات
Humans , Adult , Rheumatic Diseases , Musculoskeletal Diseasesالملخص
This study aimed to investigate anaerobic co-digestion of palm oil mill effluent (POME) with cassava peels (CP) and cabbage waste (CW) for biomethane production. The anaerobic digestion (AD) in 10L capacity bioreactors loaded separately with three different ratios (3L/ 520g, 3L/ 600g and 3L/ 680g) of POME/CP, POME/CW and POME only (control) was operated under ambient temperature (25 - 36?C) and pH range of 6.5 - 8.5 for 45 days. Standard methods were adopted in the characterization of the bioreactor feeds and microbiological study. The biomethane content of the biogas was determined using Gas Chromatography (GC). The results showed the presence of Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus, Pseudomonas sp, Bacillus sp Salmonella sp among others. Fungal isolates identified include Saccharomyces, Aspergillus, Rhizopus, Penicillum, and Geotrichum species. The mean cumulative biogas yield recorded in bioreactors charged with POME/ CP 520g, POME/ CP 600g, POME/ CP 680g and POME/CW 520g, POME/CW 600g, POME/CW 680g were 7.08, 5.18, 9.06, 9.13, 9.28 and 8.33 dm3, respectively, whereas POME alone (control) was 4.64 dm3. The best performance in biogas yield was exhibited by POME/CW 600g (9.28dm3), and the highest percentage biomethane content (68.80%). Analysis of variance (ANOVA) revealed a significant difference (P ? 0.05) in biogas yield in all the treatments compared to control (POME alone) except in POME/CP 3L: 520g and POME/CP 3L: 600g. The results have shown that biogas production and biomethane content could be efficiently improved via co-digestion process, depending on the substrates used as feedstock.