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Objetivo: Caracterizar los trastornos mentales de los pacientes consultantes del Servicio de Psiquiatría del Hospital Universitario de Caracas enero 2020 enero 2021, que acudieron por primera vez y habían presentado infección por COVID-19 3 a 6 meses antes de consultar. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio observacional, descriptivo, retrospectivo, de corte transversal en pacientes que acudieron al Servicio de Psiquiatría del Hospital Universitario de Caracas para emergencia (por primera vez y sucesivas) por presentar patologías mentales durante y posterior a infección por COVID-19 durante el periodo enero 2020-enero 2021. Resultados: De 718 pacientes, 53 que acudieron con patologías mentales habían presentado infección previa por COVID-19 representando el 7,38%. Edad promedio 27-29 años (66,03 %). La mayoría del sexo femenino (71,69 %). El 77,35 % provenían del Distrito Capital; el 18,86 % del estado Miranda, siendo el estado civil predominante la soltería con 73,58 %; el 56,60 % estaban desempleados y el 79,24 % no poseían nivel de instrucción. En relación a los diagnósticos: trastorno depresivo mayor con síntomas ansiosos (30,18 %), trastorno depresivo (18,86 %), episodio maniforme (1,88 %) episodio psicótico agudo (18,86 %), trastorno de ansiedad generalizada (7,54 %), entre otros. Conclusión: Los síntomas psiquiátricos originados por infección por COVID-19 aparecen de forma más tardía y persisten después de la infección. Las mujeres manifestaron mayor riesgo de presentar síntomas relacionados con la salud mental; se asocia a alto nivel de vulnerabilidad a causa de la influencia de los roles sociales, ciclo reproductivo y mayor morbilidad psiquiátrica(AU)
Objective: To characterize the mental disorders of the consulting patients of the Psychiatry Service of the University Hospital of Caracas January 2020 -January 2021, who came for the first time and hapresented COVID-19 infection 3 to 6 monthsbefore consulting. Methods: An observational, descriptive, retrospective, cross-sectional study was carried out in patients who attended the Psychiatry Service of the University Hospital of Caracas for emergencies (for the first time and successive ones) due to presenting mental pathologies during and after COVID-19 during the period January 2020-January 2021. Results: Of 718 patients, 53 who came with mental pathologies had previous COVID-19 infection, representing 7.38%. Average age 27-29 years(66.03%). The majority were female (71.69%). 77.35% came from the Capital District; 18.86% from the state of Miranda, with the predominant marital status being single with 73.58%; 56.60% were unemployed and 79.24% had no educational level. In relation to the diagnoses: major depressive disorder with anxious symptoms (30.18%), depressive disorder (18.86%), maniform episode (1.88%), acute psychotic episode (18.86%), generalized anxiety disorder (7.54%), among others. Conclusion: Psychiatric symptoms caused by COVID-19 infection appear later and persist after infection. Women expressed a greater risk of presenting symptoms related to mental health; It is associated with a high level of vulnerability due to the influence of social roles, reproductive cycle and greater psychiatric morbidit(AU)
الموضوعات
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , COVID-19 , Stress, Psychologicalالملخص
El Toxoplasma gondii es un parásito que se encuentra, aproximadamente, en el 30 % de la población humana. Durante los últimos años se ha evidenciado que la infección latente puede ser un factor de riesgo para el desarrollo de trastornos mentales; particularmente para la esquizofrenia, ansiedad, trastornos bipolares y trastornos de conducta. La asociación con los trastornos neuropsiquiátricos pueden explicarse por la influencia que tiene el parásito sobre la expresión de múltiples neurotransmisores; entre ellos la dopamina. Se realizó una búsqueda en las bases de datos PubMed y SciELO de 2015 a 2023, se seleccionaron artículos originales y de revisión de revistas científicas internacionales, en idiomas inglés y español con el objetivo de describir la relación entre la seroprevalencia de T. gondii y el desarrollo de trastornos mentales en población adulta. Existe relación entre los trastornos mentales en la población adulta con la infección por Toxoplasma gondii y este aumenta la posibilidad de desarrollar esquizofrenia y depresión en individuos sin historial previo, y que podría exacerbar cuadros psiquiátricos previos con dificultad en el tratamiento. Sin embargo, no todos los datos estadísticos establecen una relación directa, algunos estudios demuestran una asociación, ciertos datos son discordantes, lo que abre una puerta para futuras investigaciones.
Toxoplasma gondii is a parasite that is found in approximately 30 % of the human population. In recent years, it has been shown that latent infection can be a risk factor for the development of mental disorders; particularly schizophrenia, anxiety, bipolar disorders, and conduct disorders. The association with neuropsychiatric disorders can be explained by the influence of the parasite on the expression of multiple neurotransmitters; among them, dopamine has received the most attention. A narrative bibliographic review article was done with the search of original and review articles in international scientific journals, in English and Spanish listing the relationship between the seroprevalence of T. gondii and the development of mental disorders in the adult population. The relationship between mental disorders in the adult population with Toxoplasma gondii infection is present and increases the possibility of developing schizophrenia and depression in individuals with no previous history, including the ability to worsen previous psychiatric conditions, making it difficult for standard management. Not all statistical data establish a direct relationship, some studies show an association and certain data are discordant, which opens a door for future research.
الموضوعات
Adult , El Salvadorالملخص
RESUMEN Se cumple medio siglo del hecho histórico constituido por la remoción de la homosexualidad como ítem diagnóstico en la clasificación norteamericana de trastornos psiquiátricos, es decir, en el Manual diagnóstico y estadístico de los trastornos mentales (DSM). Aunque es un período breve, cuesta trabajo creer que, hasta hace 50 años, las personas homosexuales carecían de numerosos derechos civiles elementales en EE. UU. y que diversas leyes penalizaban actos sexuales privados y libremente consentidos entre adultos. Rememorar estos hechos significativos en el contexto de una acotada reseña de la historia conceptual de la homosexualidad como trasfondo es el objetivo fundamental de este artículo que, a la vez, constituye un recordatorio de muchas tareas pendientes en la salud mental y derechos humanos de las minorías sexuales, todavía víctimas de homofobia, estigma y segregación, más aún en países como el nuestro.
ABSTRACT It is half a century since the historical event constituted by the removal of homosexuality as a psychiatric diagnosis from the North American Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM). Although it is a short period of time, it is hard to believe that fifty years ago, homosexual people lacked many basic civil rights in the United States and various laws criminalized private, freely consented sexual acts between adults. Recalling these significant events in the context of a summarized conceptual history of homosexuality is the main objective of this brief account which, at the same time, can serve as a reminder of many tasks pending in the mental health and human rights of sexual minorities, still victims of homophobia, stigma, and segregation, even more so in countries like Peru.
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Discrimination against patients with mental disorders and the resulting stigma will not only affect patients’ medical treatment, but also bring about community isolation and lack of resources. Mental health problems have become a major public health problem and a prominent social problem. From the perspective of bioethics, the existence of public mental disorders stigma violates the principles of justice and respect. This paper quantitatively described the status quo of public mental disorders stigma in China, and explored its influencing factors through factor analysis and binary logistic regression analysis. The public stigma of mental disorders score was (54.64±11.048). Factor analysis extracted 4 common factors, namely isolation, pain, contact, and empathy, with a cumulative explained variance of 68.948%. The results showed that age and contact history were the main factors affecting the public stigma of mental disorders. It is recommended to reduce discrimination by enhancing understanding and improving empathy. Specifically, it is to implement the personal liability for discrimination through ethical regulation and legal construction, and strengthen the concept of a community of shared future for mankind by creating a tolerant social atmosphere, so as to achieve an appropriate balance between public safety and individual rights and interests.
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Resumo Há escassez de dados globais sobre as tentativas de suicídio (TS). A maior frequência de adoecimento mental coloca as mulheres em maior risco de TS. Os transtornos mentais (TM) estão em primeiro lugar na carga global de doenças em termos de anos vividos com incapacidade (AVI). Entre os problemas de saúde mental que mais acometem mulheres estão os transtornos mentais comuns (TMC). O objetivo desta pesquisa foi investigar o impacto dos TMC na gravidez e seis a nove anos após o parto para a TS em mulheres cadastradas na Estratégia de Saúde da Família no Recife, Pernambuco, Brasil. O estudo engloba duas etapas de uma coorte prospectiva. Foram incluídas 643 mulheres adultas. A prevalência de TMC na etapa I (gestação) e sua incidência na etapa III (seis a nove anos após o parto) foram, respectivamente, 19,3% e 12,6%. A incidência da TS foi de 10,9%. A análise multivariada demonstrou efeito cumulativo dos TMC para a TS: TMC só na gestação (OR 5,4; IC95% 2,2-13,3); só na terceira etapa (OR 5,8; IC95% 2,3-14,9); e em ambas (OR 6,0; IC95% 2,5-14,4). O acúmulo dos TMC em mulheres aumenta a chance de TS, sendo importante a implementação de políticas públicas para a saúde das mulheres, principalmente com histórico de doença mental, hábitos não saudáveis e que sofrem violência.
Abstract There is scarcity of global data on suicide attempts (SA). The higher frequency of mental disorders places women at a higher risk for SA. Mental disorders (MD) are ranked first in the Global Burden of Diseases (GBD) in terms of years lived with disability (YLD) and common mental disorders (CMD) affect women the most. IN this light, the present study aimed to investigate the impact of CMD during pregnancy, as well as 6 to 9 years after birth, on SA in women who were registered in the Family Health Strategy from the town of Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil. This study consisted of two stages of a prospective cohort. 643 adult women were included. The prevalence of CMD in stage I (pregnancy) and in stage III (six to nine years after birth) were, respectively, 19.3% and 12.6%. The incidence of SA was 10.9%. The multivariate analysis demonstrated a cumulative effect of CMD for SA: only during pregnancy (OR 5.4; 95%CI 2.2-13.3); only in the third stage (OR 5.8; 95%CI 2.3-14.9); and in both stages (OR 6.0; 95%CI 2.5-14.4). The increase of CMD in women increases the chances of SA, hence the importance of implementing public policies for women's health, especially for those with a history of mental disorders and unhealthy habits, and those who suffer violence.
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ABSTRACT Objective: to map common recurrent mental disorders in patients undergoing hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Methods: this is a scoping review carried out in January 2022 in electronic databases and repositories of dissertations and thesis. Studies that answered the research question, met the objective of the study and were available in full electronically, in any language, were included. Results: the sample consisted of 28 studies, 14 of which were published in the United States of America. The common mental disorders found were depressive, anxiety, post-traumatic stress and mood disorders. Twenty symptoms were mentioned, among the most prevalent are fatigue and sleep disorders/insomnia. Conclusions: the difficulty and importance of carrying out the differential diagnosis of these disorders were highlighted, since their symptoms can be confused with other health problems and have a strong potential to interfere with patients' evolution.
RESUMEN Objetivo: mapear los trastornos mentales recurrentes comunes en pacientes sometidos a trasplante de células madre hematopoyéticas. Métodos: se trata de una revisión de alcance realizada en enero de 2022 en bases de datos electrónicas y repositorios de disertaciones y tesis. Se incluyeron publicaciones que respondieron a la pregunta de investigación, cumplieron con el objetivo del estudio y estaban disponibles en su totalidad en formato electrónico, en cualquier idioma. Resultados: la muestra estuvo compuesta por 28 estudios, 14 de los cuales fueron publicados en los Estados Unidos de América. Los trastornos mentales comunes encontrados fueron depresión, ansiedad, estrés postraumático y trastornos del estado de ánimo. Se mencionaron 20 síntomas, entre los más prevalentes se encuentran fatiga y trastornos del sueño/insomnio. Conclusiones: se destacó la dificultad e importancia de realizar el diagnóstico diferencial de estos trastornos, ya que sus síntomas pueden confundirse con otros problemas de salud y tienen un fuerte potencial de interferir en la evolución del paciente.
RESUMO Objetivo: mapear os transtornos mentais comuns recorrentes em pacientes submetidos ao transplante de células-tronco hematopoéticas. Métodos: trata-se de revisão de escopo realizada em janeiro de 2022 em bases de dados eletrônicas e repositórios de dissertações e tese. Foram incluídas publicações que respondessem à questão de pesquisa, atendessem ao objetivo do estudo e que estivessem disponíveis na íntegra em meio eletrônico, em qualquer idioma. Resultados: a amostra foi composta por 28 estudos, dos quais 14 foram publicados nos Estados Unidos da América. Os transtornos mentais comuns encontrados foram os transtornos depressivos, de ansiedade, estresse pós-traumático e de humor. Foram citados 20 sintomas, entre os mais prevalentes estão a fadiga e distúrbios do sono/insônia. Conclusões: evidenciaram-se a dificuldade e a importância de realizar o diagnóstico diferencial desses transtornos, uma vez que seus sintomas podem ser confundidos com outros problemas de saúde e têm forte potencial para interferir na evolução do paciente.
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RESUMO Objetivo Investigar a associação entre medidas de desvantagem vocal, sintomas de transtornos mentais comuns e a restrição das atividades de canto ocorrida durante a pandemia de Covid-19 em coralistas amadores. Métodos Estudo descritivo, analítico, transversal, de natureza quantitativa. Para coleta de dados, foram utilizados um questionário de caracterização inicial, o protocolo de Índice de Desvantagem para o Canto Moderno (IDCM) e o SRQ-20, adaptação do Self Reporting Questionnaire, todos eles disponibilizados de forma on-line. A amostra da pesquisa foi constituída por 46 participantes pertencentes aos corais amadores de duas instituições de ensino superior. Resultados As médias do escore total do IDCM e SRQ-20 foram elevadas e estiveram correlacionadas positivamente entre si. Não houve diferença entre as pontuações do IDCM e SRQ-20 para os indivíduos que referiram a infecção por Covid-19, ou não. Indivíduos que afirmaram em suas respostas que sofreram influência da restrição social causada pela pandemia apresentaram escores mais altos do que aqueles que não fizeram essa afirmação. Não houve correlação com o tempo de canto e a desvantagem vocal e a presença de sintomas de transtornos mentais, mensuradas pelo IDCM e SRQ-20, respectivamente. Coralistas que mantiveram suas atividades de canto individual ou coletivamente apresentaram menores prejuízos vocais e emocionais. Conclusão coralistas amadores relataram desvantagem vocal e transtornos mentais comuns possivelmente relacionados às restrições sociais provocadas pela pandemia de Covid-19. Os índices observados, todavia, parecem não estar associados à infecção pelo vírus em si, mas às limitações impostas pela restrição social do período pandêmico.
ABSTRACT Purpose To investigate the association between measures of voice handicap, symptoms of common mental health disorders and the restriction of singing activities that occurred during the Covid-19 pandemic in amateur choristers. Methods This is a cross-sectional, analytical, descriptive and quantitative study. To collect data were used an initial characterization questionnaire, the Modern Singing Handicap Index (MSHI) protocol and the SRQ-20, an adaptation of the Self Reporting Questionnaire, all of which were made available online. The research sample consisted of 46 participants belonging to amateur choirs from two higher education institutions. Results The mean total score for the MSHI and SRQ-20 were high and were positively correlated with each other. There was no difference between the MSHI and SRQ-20 scores between individuals who self-reported Covid-19 infection or not. Individuals who stated that the answers offered in the survey were influenced by the social restrictions caused by the pandemic had higher scores than those who did not make this statement. There was no correlation with singing time and voice handicap and the presence of symptoms of mental health disorders, measured by the MSHI and SRQ-20, respectively. Choristers who maintained their singing activities individually or collectively showed less vocal and emotional damage. Conclusion Amateur choristers reported voice disadvantage and common mental health disorders possibly related to social restrictions caused by the Covid-19 pandemic. The observed rates, however, do not seem to be associated with the virus infection itself, but with the limitations imposed by social restrictions during the pandemic period.
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ABSTRACT Objective To evaluate the psychiatric alterations resulting from deep brain stimulation of the subthalamic nucleus in the management of Parkinson's disease. Methods Articles were searched using three databases: Public/Publisher MEDLINE, Virtual Health Library, and Cochrane Library. Results Eleven studies were included in the analysis. Manic syndrome alone was reported in two of the 11 studies analyzed. Psychosis alone was not reported in any of them, but it was found in association with other psychiatric alterations in two studies, not including manic syndrome. In one case report, hypersexuality was associated with depression and self-alienation. Depressive disorder was the most frequent psychiatric disorder after deep brain stimulation of the subthalamic nucleus, according to five of the reviewed articles, encompassing 26 patients. In four of these articles, depression was associated with other psychiatric disorders, such as psychosis, suicidal ideation, hypersexuality, and anxiety. Hypomanic syndrome was reported in two cases. Conclusion More common psychiatric disorders related to the neuroanatomy of the nucleus were observed, probably because of the microlesions caused by the implantation of deep brain stimulation and the regulation of the stimulation of the device. The most common disorders include depression, mania/hypomania, psychosis, anxiety, suicidal ideation, and hypersexuality.
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Abstract Objective: To assess the epidemiological profile and trend in hospitalizations for mental and behavioral disorders due to alcohol and other psychoactive substance use among Brazilian adolescents, between 2017 and 2022. Methods: This was a time-series study using data from the Hospital Information System of the Brazilian National Health System; the trend analysis was performed by estimating the annual percentage change (APC) of hospitalization rates per 100,000 inhabitants and respective confidence intervals (95%CI), using the Prais-Winsten method. Results: A total of 29,991 hospitalizations were recorded in the study period, with a decreasing trend observed, from 16.18/100,000 inhabitants in 2017 to 13.72/100,000 inhab. in 2022 (percent change of -2.65%; 95%CI -4.47;-0.80), a greater decline was found in males (-3.48%; 95%CI -5.20;-1.72), in the age group of 15 to 19 years (-2.79%; 95%CI -4.49;-1.06), in the South (-3.29%; 95%CI -5.37;-1.16) and Midwest (-3.64%; 95%CI -5.75;-1.49) regions of the country. Conclusion: Hospitalizations showed a decreasing trend in the study period, with sociodemographic disparities.
Resumen Objetivo: Analizar el perfil epidemiológico y la tendencia de las hospitalizaciones por trastornos mentales y de comportamiento relacionados con el uso de alcohol y otras sustancias psicoactivas en adolescentes brasileños, desde 2017 hasta 2022. Métodos: Estudio de serie temporal utilizando el Sistema de Información Hospitalaria del Sistema Único de Salud; se evaluó la tendencia mediante la estimación del cambio porcentual anual (CPA) de las tasas de hospitalización por cada 100,000 habitantes y sus respectivos intervalos mediante el método de Prais-Winsten. Resultados: Se registraron 29.991 hospitalizaciones durante el período y se observó una tendencia decreciente en Brasil, desde 16,18 hospitalizaciones por cada 100.000 habitantes en 2017 hasta 13,72 en 2022 (variación de -2,65%; IC₉₅% -4,47;-0,80), con mayor declive en hombres (-3,48%; IC₉₅% -5,20;-1,72), en la edad de 15 a 19 años (-2,79%; IC₉₅% -4,49;-1,06), en las regiones del Sur (-3,29%; IC₉₅% -5,37; -1,16) y Centro-Oeste (-3,64%; IC₉₅% -5,75;-1,49). Conclusión: Las hospitalizaciones mostraron una tendencia decreciente en el período, con disparidades sociodemográficas.
Resumo Objetivo: Analisar o perfil epidemiológico e a tendência das internações hospitalares por transtornos mentais e comportamentais devido ao uso de álcool e de outras substâncias psicoativas em adolescentes brasileiros, de 2017 a 2022. Métodos: Estudo de série temporal com dados do Sistema de Informações Hospitalares do Sistema Único de Saúde. A tendência foi analisada estimando-se a variação percentual anual (VPA) das taxas de internação por 100 mil habitantes e respectivos Intervalos pelo método de Prais-Winsten. Resultados: Foram registradas 29.991 internações no período, sendo observada uma tendência decrescente das internações no Brasil, variando de 16,18 internações por 100 mil hab., em 2017, para 13,72 em 2022 (variação de -2,65%; IC₉₅% -4,47; -0,80), com maior declínio no sexo masculino (-3,48%; IC₉₅% -5,20;-1,72), na faixa etária de 15 a 19 anos (-2,79%; IC₉₅% -4,49;-1,06), nas regiões Sul (-3,29%; IC₉₅% -5,37;-1,16) e Centro-Oeste (-3,64%; IC₉₅% -5,75;-1,49). Conclusão: As internações apresentaram tendência decrescente no período, com disparidades sociodemográficas.
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Abstract Background Patients with epilepsy (PWE) frequently have comorbid psychiatric disorders, the most common of which are depression and anxiety. Attention deficit disorder with hyperactivity (ADHD) is also more frequent among PWE, though that condition has been scarcely studied among the adult PWE population. Objective This study aimed to compare the presence of ADHD symptoms between adult PWE and the general population. Methods This was an observational case-control study. Ninety-five adult PWE from a tertiary center in southern Brazil were compared with 100 healthy controls. All subjects were submitted to three structured scales: 1) the World Health Organization Adult ADHD Self-Report Scale version 1.1 (ASRS); 2) the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS); and 3) the Adverse Events Profile (AEP). Dichotomic variables were analyzed through chi-square test and Fisher's exact test, as appropriate, and non-parametric variables were analyzed through the Mann-Whitney U test. Results Medians and interquartile ranges (IR) were: 1) ASRS: 26.00 (IR: 18 to 38) among PWE versus 17.00 (IR: 11 to 24) among controls, p< 0.001; 2) HADS: 14.00 (IR: 8 to 21) among PWE versus 11.00 (IR: 8 to 16) among controls, p= 0.007; 3) AEP: 3800 (IR: 31 to 49) among PWE versus 33.00 (IR: 23 to 43) among controls, p= 0.001. Conclusion PWE showed a higher burden of symptoms of ADHD, depression, and anxiety when compared with controls, which replicates in the Brazilian population the findings of current literature that point toward a higher prevalence of such disorders among PWE.
Resumo Antecedentes Pacientes com epilepsia (PCE) frequentemente apresentam comorbidades psiquiátricas, principalmente depressão e ansiedade. O transtorno do déficit de atenção e hiperatividade (TDAH) também é mais frequente nos PCE, porém foi pouco estudado na população adulta de PCE. Objetivo Comparar a presença de sintomas de TDAH entre PCE adultos e a população geral. Métodos Noventa e cinco PCE adultos de um centro terciário no Sul do Brasil foram comparados a 100 controles saudáveis. Todos os sujeitos foram submetidos a três escalas estruturadas: 1) a Escala Autorrelatada de TDAH em Adultos da Organização Mundial da Saúde, versão 1.1 (ASRS); 2) a Escala Hospitalar de Ansiedade e Depressão (HADS); e 3) o Perfil de Eventos Adversos (AEP). Variáveis dicotômicas foram analisadas através dos testes chi-quadrado e exato de Fisher, conforme apropriado, e as variáveis não paramétricas foram analisadas através do teste U de Mann-Whitney. Resultados As medianas e os intervalos interquartis (IIQ) foram: 1) ASRS: 26.00 (IIQ: 18 a 38) em PCE versus 17.00 (IIQ: 11 a 24) nos controles, p< 0,001; 2) HADS: 14.00 (IIQ: 8 a 21) em PCE versus 11.00 (IIQ: 8 a 16) nos controles, p= 0,007; 3) AEP: 38.00 (IIQ: 31 a 49) em PCE versus 33.00 (IIQ: 23 a 43) nos controles, p= 0,001. Conclusão PCE apresentaram uma maior carga de sintomas de TDAH, depressão e ansiedade quando comparados aos controles, o que replica na população brasileira os achados da literatura atual, que apontam para uma maior prevalência de tais transtornos entre PCE.
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El tema de la salud mental en niños y adolescentes requiere mayor atención. Por lo tanto, este estudio tuvo como objetivo determinar las características de los pacientes de consulta externa de un centro especializado de un hospital universitario paraguayo. Este estudio empleó una serie retrospectiva, no probabilística, de casos consecutivos. Se examinaron las historias clínicas de pacientes de ambos sexos, de entre 2 y 17 años de edad, que solicitaron consulta en el Departamento de Psiquiatría del Niño y del Adolescente del Hospital de Clínicas entre julio de 2021 y julio de 2023, y que fueron diagnosticados con un trastorno mental según la CIE-10. Se recogieron datos demográficos y clínicos de 447 pacientes, representando 1278 consultas. La mayoría de los pacientes eran mujeres (57,7%), con una edad media de 13 ± 3 años. La mayoría de los pacientes (57,3%) procedían del Departamento Central, el 61,5% eran de zonas rurales y el 72% no tenían seguro médico. Los diagnósticos más frecuentes fueron episodios depresivos (F32), otros trastornos de ansiedad (F41), trastornos de conducta (F91) y trastornos específicos de la personalidad (F60). Los resultados de este estudio proporcionan información crucial sobre la salud mental de niños y adolescentes, que es esencial para informar las políticas de salud mental, asignar recursos y formar a los profesionales sanitarios encargados de atender a este grupo de pacientes.
The topic of mental health in children and adolescents requires increased attention. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the characteristics of outpatient clinic patients at a specialized center within a Paraguayan University Hospital. This study employed a retrospective, non-probabilistic series of consecutive cases. The medical records of patients of both sexes, aged between 2 and 17 years, who sought consultation at the Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry of the Hospital de Clínicas between July 2021 and July 2023, and were diagnosed with a mental disorder according to the ICD-10, were examined. Demographic and clinical data were collected from 447 patients, representing 1278 consultations. The majority of the patients were female (57.7%), with a mean age of 13 ± 3 years. Most patients (57.3%) were from the Central Department, 61.5% were from rural areas, and 72% did not have medical insurance. The most frequent diagnoses were depressive episodes (F32), other anxiety disorders (F41), conduct disorders (F91), and specific personality disorders (F60). The findings of this study provide crucial information on child and adolescent mental health, which is essential for informing mental health policies, allocating resources, and training healthcare professionals tasked with caring for this patient group.
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Abstract Background The development of rosacea is suggested to be closely associated with lipid metabolism, inflammation, and anxiety/depression. Gamma linolenic acid (GLA) is a key factor participating in lipid metabolism, which is also confirmed to regulate the inflammatory response. However, the associations of serum GLA levels with rosacea severity and psychological status still remain unclear. Objective and limitations of the study The present study aimed to investigate the associations of gamma linolenic acid (GLA), a key factor participating in lipid metabolism and the inflammatory response, with rosacea severity and psychological status. The present study still had some limitations. First, this study is a cross-sectional study and does not provide longitudinal evidence about the relationship between GLA and rosacea; Second, the cohort in this study is also relatively small, and a larger cohort is needed in further investigation to reveal the potential role of lipid metabolism in the pathogenesis of rosacea. Methods A total of 62 rosacea patients were consecutively recruited. Patient's Self-Assessment (PSA) scale and Clinician Erythema Assessment (CEA) as well as 7-item Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD-7) and 9-item Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) were conducted to evaluate the degree of erythema severity and anxiety/depression, respectively. Serum GLA levels were determined by gas chromatography mass. Results Lower levels of serum GLA in rosacea patients were observed (p < 0.001), and subgroup analysis revealed that patients with higher-level GLA had lower scores of PSA, CEA, GAD-7 and PHQ-9. Moreover, Spearman correlation analysis uncovered that serum GLA levels were negatively associated with PSA, CEA, GAD-7 as well and PHQ-9 scores, respectively. Linear regression model found that serum GLA levels at baseline were a predictive factor for prognosis of clinical outcomes after 1-month conventional treatment. Conclusion The present study indicates that lower levels of serum GLA in rosacea patients are negatively associated with the degree of erythema and anxiety/depression status.
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ABSTRACT BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Low back pain (LBP) is one of the leading causes of disability worldwide. Its etiology is multifactorial and results in losses for individuals and society. The biopsychosocial model of LBP offers a comprehensive approach to assessment and interventions. Researchers investigate the relationship between LBP and Common Mental Disorders (CMD) within this concept. This systematic review aimed to identify and analyze recent studies on the topic. CONTENTS: The study was submitted to the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (registration number CRD 42020210375). The 27 articles in the corpus were selected from the Medlin/PubMed and BVS (Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde) databases from 2015 to 2022. Only those that investigated a possible relationship between CMD (anxiety or depression) and LBP in adult populations were included. Most articles in the corpus confirmed the relationship between LBP and CMD, however, gaps were identified regarding the direction of causality between the two outcomes and why this relationship was established. Methodological limitations in relation to sample selection and LBP assessment instruments used were also identified. CONCLUSION: This review highlights the need for studies on the topic with greater methodological criteria and with a design that allows causality to be assessed. Thus, it will be possible to guide clinical practice based on scientific evidence. Longitudinal studies with an emphasis on the biopsychosocial model can contribute to support specific therapeutic approaches.
RESUMO JUSTIFICATIVA E OBJETIVOS: A dor lombar (DL) é uma das principais causas mundiais de incapacidade. Trata-se de um desfecho cuja etiologia é reconhecidamente multifatorial, com prejuízos para os indivíduos e a sociedade. O modelo biopsicos-social da DL apresenta uma abordagem ampla, tanto na avaliação quanto nas intervenções. A relação entre DL e Transtorno Mental Comum (TMC) é objeto de estudo dentro da concepção desse modelo. O presente estudo teve como objetivo identificar e analisar os estudos recentes sobre esse tema. CONTEÚDO: O estudo foi submetido ao International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (número de registro CRD 42020210375). Os 27 artigos do corpus foram selecionados das bases de dados Medline/Pubmed e BVS (Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde) no período de 2015 a 2022. Foram incluídos apenas aqueles que investigaram possíveis relações entre TMC (ansiedade ou depressão) e DL em populações adultas. A maioria dos artigos do corpus confirmou a relação entre DL e TMC, no entanto foram identificadas lacunas sobre a direção de causalidade entre os dois desfechos e sobre os motivos pelos quais essa relação se estabeleceu. Também foram identificadas limitações metodológicas em relação à seleção da amostra e aos instrumentos de avaliação da dor lombar utilizados. CONCLUSÃO: Esta revisão destacou a necessidade de estudos sobre o tópico com maiores critérios metodológicos e com um desenho que permita avaliar a causalidade. Assim, será possível orientar a prática clínica baseando-se em evidências científicas. Estudos longitudinais com ênfase no modelo biopsicossocial podem contribuir para embasar abordagens terapêuticas específicas.
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Resumen Introducción El empleo es uno de los principales determinantes del estado general de salud. Para las personas que padecen un trastorno mental grave obtener un empleo supone un punto crucial en su recuperación por lo que la búsqueda, adquisición y mantenimiento de un empleo son objetivos fundamentales para las intervenciones de terapia ocupacional en esta población. Objetivos Conocer los resultados de las intervenciones de terapia ocupacional basadas en el modelo Individual Placement and Support sobre la inserción laboral y la calidad de vida de personas con trastorno mental grave. Método Se empleó la declaración PRISMA según los criterios establecidos por Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses. Las búsquedas se realizaron en las bases de datos: PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus y Cochrane. El riesgo de sesgo se evaluó con la herramienta Review Manager Web. El protocolo de revisión se registró en PROSPERO: CRD42023418778. Resultados Se incluyeron 12 estudios. El rango de edad de los participantes oscila entre los 18 y 53 años, predominando el género masculino. Los resultados vocacionales demuestran que la tasa de empleo fue al menos un 20% mayor en el grupo de apoyo individualizado al empleo que en el grupo control. No se encontraron hallazgos concluyentes para los resultados no vocacionales. Conclusión Los resultados sugieren que este modelo es efectivo en la inserción laboral de las personas con trastorno mental grave. Son necesarios futuros estudios con mayor rigor metodológico para confirmar la eficacia de este modelo en las variables no vocacionales.
Abstract Introduction Employment is one of the main determinants of general health status. For people suffering from serious mental disorders, obtaining a job is a crucial point in their recovery, which is why finding, acquiring, and maintaining a job are fundamental objectives for occupational therapy interventions with this population. Objective Find out the results of occupational therapy interventions based on the Individual Placement and Support model in the labor market insertion and quality of life of people with severe mental disorders. Method A review was conducted according to the criteria established by Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA). Searches were carried out in the following databases: PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, and Cochrane. Risk of bias was assessed using the Review Manager Web tool. The review protocol was registered at PROSPERO: CRD42023418778. Results Twelve studies were included. Participants ranged in age from 18 to 53 years, with predominance of males. Vocational results show that the employment rate was at least 20% higher in the individualized employment support group than in the control group. No conclusive findings were found for non-vocational outcomes. Conclusion The results suggest that this model is effective in the employability of people with severe mental disorders. Future studies with greater methodological rigor are needed to confirm the effectiveness of this model in non-professional variables.
Resumo Introdução O trabalho é um dos principais determinantes do estado geral de saúde. Para pessoas que sofrem de transtorno mental grave, conseguir um emprego é um ponto crucial em sua recuperação, razão pela qual encontrar, adquirir e manter um emprego são objetivos fundamentais para intervenções de terapia ocupacional nessa população. Objetivo Conhecer os resultados das intervenções de terapia ocupacional baseadas no modelo Individual Placement and Support sobre a inserção no mercado de trabalho e a qualidade de vida de pessoas com transtorno mental grave. Método Uma revisão foi conduzida de acordo com os critérios estabelecidos pelo Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA). As buscas foram realizadas nos seguintes bancos de dados: PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus e Cochrane. O risco de viés foi avaliado usando a ferramenta Review Manager Web. O protocolo de revisão foi registrado no PROSPERO: CRD42023418778. Resultados Doze estudos foram incluídos. A idade dos participantes variou de 18 a 53 anos, com predominância do sexo masculino. Os resultados vocacionais demostram que a taxa de emprego foi pelo menos 20% maior no grupo de apoio individualizado ao emprego do que no grupo controle. Não foram encontrados achados conclusivos para os resultados não vocacionais. Conclusão : Os resultados sugerem que esse modelo é eficaz na integração ocupacional de pessoas com transtorno mental grave. São necessários estudos futuros com maior rigor metodológico para confirmar a eficácia desse modelo em variáveis não profissionais.
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Abstract Objective To investigate the prevalence and associated factors of depression and anxiety among hospital healthcare workers during the COVID-19 pandemic in the extreme south of Brazil. Method Cross-sectional study was conducted with 264 healthcare workers, between August and December 2020. Depression and anxiety were assessed using the Patient Health Questionnaire and the Generalized Anxiety Scale. Multivariable linear regression analysis was performed. Results The prevalence of depression and anxiety among healthcare workers was 32.4% and 26.2%, respectively. The profession of nursing technician, having a family member who had lost a job, being responsible for family income, being 50 or more years old, being divorced or widowed, having a test for COVID-19, having suffered a traumatic event in life and having received psychological counseling at work were associated with depression and anxiety. Conclusion In this study, receiving psychological counseling at work was a protective factor for anxiety and depression.
Resumo Objetivo Investigar a prevalência e os fatores associados à depressão e ansiedade entre profissionais de saúde durante a pandemia de COVID-19 no extremo sul do Brasil. Método Estudo transversal realizado com 264 profissionais de saúde, entre agosto e dezembro de 2020. Depressão e ansiedade foram avaliadas por meio do Questionário de Saúde do Paciente e da Escala de Ansiedade Generalizada. Foi realizada análise de regressão linear multivariável. Resultados A prevalência de depressão e ansiedade entre os profissionais de saúde foi de 32,4% e 26,2%, respectivamente. Ser técnico de enfermagem, ter familiar que tenha perdido o emprego, ser responsável pela renda familiar, ter 50 anos ou mais, ser divorciado/viúvo, ter feito exame para COVID-19, ter sofrido evento traumático na vida e ter recebido aconselhamento psicológico no trabalho esteve associado a depressão e ansiedade. Conclusão Neste estudo, receber aconselhamento psicológico no trabalho foi um fator de proteção para ansiedade e depressão.
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Objetivo: identificar os fatores associados à ocorrência de transtornos mentais em profissionais de enfermagem atuantes em instituições hospitalares no período de pré-vacinação na pandemia COVID-19. Método: estudo multicêntrico de abordagem quantitativa, transversal, descritivo e analítico, desenvolvido com 859 profissionais de enfermagem, atuantes em três instituições hospitalares de ensino brasileiras, que responderam ao formulário de coleta de dados, entre novembro de 2020 e fevereiro de 2021. Resultados: evidenciou-se a ocorrência de 358 (41,9%) profissionais diagnosticados com COVID-19, sendo que 128 (44,14%) relataram a ocorrência de transtornos mentais (p<0,05). Conclusão: diabetes e doença autoimune, assim como a assistência direta a pacientes com COVID-19, estiveram associadas à ocorrência de sintomas de transtornos mentais em profissionais de enfermagem.
Objective: to identify factors associated with the occurrence of mental disorders in nursing professionals working in hospitals in the pre-vaccination period during the COVID-19 pandemic. Method: multicenter study with a quantitative, cross-sectional, descriptive and analytical approach, developed with 859 nursing professionals, working in three Brazilian teaching hospital institutions, who answered the data collection form, between November 2020 and February 2021. Results: the occurrence of 358 (41.9%) professionals diagnosed with COVID-19 was evidenced, with 128 (44.14%) reporting the occurrence of mental disorders (p<0.05). Conclusion: diabetes and autoimmune disease, as well as direct assistance to patients with COVID-19, were associated with the occurrence of symptoms of mental disorders in nursing professionals.
Objetivo: identificar los factores asociados a la incidencia de trastornos mentales en profesionales de enfermería que trabajan en hospitales en el período previo a la vacunación durante la pandemia de COVID-19. Método: estudio multicéntrico con enfoque cuantitativo, transversal, descriptivo y analítico, desarrollado junto a 859 profesionales de enfermería que trabajan en tres instituciones hospitalarias brasileñas de enseñanza y que respondieron el formulario de recolección de datos, entre noviembre de 2020 y febrero de 2021. Resultados: Se evidenció la incidencia de 358 (41,9%) profesionales diagnosticados con COVID-19, siendo que 128 (44,14%) informaron la aparición de trastornos mentales (p<0,05). Conclusión: la diabetes y las enfermedades autoinmunes, así como la asistencia directa a pacientes con COVID-19, se asociaron con la aparición de síntomas de trastornos mentales en profesionales de enfermería.
الموضوعات
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , Aged , Pandemics , Licensed Practical Nurses/psychology , Occupational Stress , COVID-19/epidemiology , Nurses/psychology , Nursing Assistants/psychology , Brazil/epidemiology , Logistic Models , Cross-Sectional Studies , Risk Factors , Hospitals, Universityالملخص
Un porcentaje significativo de las emergencias hospitalarias son psiquiátricas; por lo que, durante la práctica clínica diaria, el personal de enfermería debe atender a pacientes con síntomas mentales y signos conductuales. Para tomar decisiones que permitan afrontar dichas urgencias, el profesional de enfermería requiere realizar una adecuada valoración para establecer las necesidades reales del paciente. Objetivo. Identificar los instrumentos utilizados por el servicio de enfermería para una valoración inicial efectiva en emergencias psiquiátricas. Metodología. Se realizó una revisión sistemática cuya búsqueda se realizó en las bases de datos Scopus y PubMed. La ecuación empleada fue la base de datos Scopus se utilizaron (mental AND health AND diagnosis AND psychiatric AND emergency) OR (instruments AND diagnosis AND psychiatric AND emergencies); en PubMed se usaron (initial AND assessment AND psychiatric AND patients AND emergency AND diagnosis), a partir de metodo de busqyeda empleado se obtuvo un total de 802 fuentes que pasaron por un proceso de selección quedando para el análisis de 22 publicaciones. Conclusión. Las entrevistas y cuestionarios se erigen como una herramienta indispensable. Permiten establecer un vínculo directo con el paciente, identificar sus preocupaciones, síntomas y necesidades específicas, garantizando así su bienestar físico y emocional desde el inicio de la atención. El uso de las escalas de medición varía de acuerdo a la enfermedad del paciente, el sistema de clasificación más utilizada es la CIE-10 y que los registros clínicos sobre antecedentes familiares y de sustancias, además de los aspectos sociodemográficos, son los más usados y permiten visualizar el perfil general del paciente de emergencias psiquiátricas.
A significant percentage of hospital emergencies are psychiatric; therefore, during daily clinical practice, the nursing staff must attend patients with mental symptoms and behavioral signs. In order to make decisions to deal with such emergencies, the nursing professional requires an adequate assessment to establish the real needs of the patient. Objective. To identify the instruments used by the nursing service for an effective initial assessment in psychiatric emergencies. Methodology. A systematic review was carried out using the Scopus and PubMed databases. The equation used was the Scopus database (mental AND health AND diagnosis AND psychiatric AND emergency) OR (instruments AND diagnosis AND psychiatric AND emergencies); in PubMed (initial AND assessment AND psychiatric AND patients AND emergency AND diagnosis); from the search method used, a total of 802 sources were obtained which went through a selection process leaving 22 publications for analysis. Conclusion. Interviews and questionnaires are an indispensable tool. They allow establishing a direct link with the patient, identifying their concerns, symptoms and specific needs, thus guaranteeing their physical and emotional well-being from the beginning of care. The use of measurement scales varies according to the patient's disease; the most commonly used classification system is the ICD-10 and clinical records on family and substance history, in addition to sociodemographic aspects, are the most used and allow visualizing the general profile of the psychiatric emergency patient.
Uma porcentagem significativa das emergências hospitalares é psiquiátrica; portanto, durante a prática clínica diária, os enfermeiros devem atender a pacientes com sintomas mentais e sinais comportamentais. Para tomar decisões sobre como lidar com essas emergências, o profissional de enfermagem precisa fazer uma avaliação adequada para estabelecer as reais necessidades do paciente. Objetivo. Identificar os instrumentos utilizados pelo serviço de enfermagem para uma avaliação inicial eficaz em emergências psiquiátricas. Metodologia. Foi realizada uma revisão sistemática utilizando as bases de dados Scopus e PubMed. A equação utilizada foi a da base de dados Scopus (mental AND health AND diagnosis AND psychiatric AND emergency) OR (instruments AND diagnosis AND psychiatric AND emergencies); na PubMed (initial AND assessment AND psychiatric AND patients AND emergency AND diagnosis); a partir do método de busca utilizado, obteve-se um total de 802 fontes que passaram por um processo de seleção, restando 22 publicações para análise. Conclusões. As entrevistas e os questionários são uma ferramenta indispensável. Eles permitem estabelecer um vínculo direto com o paciente, identificar suas preocupações, sintomas e necessidades específicas, garantindo assim seu bem-estar físico e emocional desde o início do atendimento. O uso de escalas de medição varia de acordo com a doença do paciente. O sistema de classificação mais usado é o CID-10 e os registros clínicos sobre histórico familiar e de substâncias, além de aspectos sociodemográficos, são os mais usados e permitem visualizar o perfil geral do paciente de emergência psiquiátrica.
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Systematic Reviewالملخص
Cerca del 20 % de niños en todo el mundo experimentan trastornos mentales, independientemente de su procedencia o cultura. La manifestación de un trastorno mental durante la infancia puede ocasionar alteraciones en el desarrollo, impactando negativamente en la calidad de vida, la dinámica familiar, y en el progreso académico y social. En nuestro país los problemas de salud mental en la infancia y adolescencia están entre los principales problemas de salud en este grupo de edades, y las consultas y hospitalizaciones de niños, niñas y adolescentes se encuentran con una oferta de servicios limitada. En 2017, se aprueba la Ley de Salud Mental, que promueve la atención de los problemas en el ámbito comunitario, y la implementación de distintos dispositivos de atención alternativos a la hospitalización a tiempo completo. Uno de los dispositivos intermedios es el hospital de día, para la atención de trastornos mentales en forma ambulatoria diurna, como alternativa a la hospitalización. En el 2021 se abre el primer Hospital de Día para niños, niñas y adolescentes con trastornos psiquiátricos severos en el Centro Hospitalario Pereira Rossell. Con un equipo interdisciplinario con recursos de la Administración de los Servicios de Salud del Estado y la Facultad de Medicina, brinda la oportunidad de pasantías para estudiantes de distintas disciplinas. El Hospital de Día enriquece la formación de residentes de Psiquiatría Pediátrica para enfrentar desafíos clínicos y desarrollar estrategias de tratamiento interdisciplinarias, complementarias al abordaje tradicional, una atención de mayor calidad y una oportunidad de aprendizaje en trabajo en equipo.
About 20% children experience mental disorders worldwide, regardless of background or culture. Mental disorders appearing during childhood can cause developmental changes, with negative impact on quality of life, family dynamics, as well as on academic and social progress. In our country, Mental Health problems in childhood and adolescence are among the main health problems in this age group, increasing consultations and hospitalizations of children and adolescents, stressing a limited supply of services. In 2017, the Mental Health Law was passed, which promotes mental health care at the community level, and the implementation of different care strategies as alternatives to fulltime hospitalization. One of the intermediate strategies is the day hospital, for the care of mental disorders on a daytime outpatient basis, as an alternative to conventional hospitalization. In 2021, the first day hospital for children and adolescents with severe psychiatric disorders was opened in Uruguay at the Pereira Rossell Hospital Center. With an interdisciplinary team with resources from ASSE and the Faculty of Medicine, it provides opportunity for internships for students from different disciplines. The Day Hospital enriches the training of Pediatric Psychiatry residents. They learn how to cope with clinical challenges, have a teamwork learning opportunity, and develop interdisciplinary treatment strategies, complementary to the traditional approach, providing higher quality care in the management of serious childhood mental disorders.
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Patient Care Team , Child Psychiatry , Hospitals, Public , Internship and Residency/organization & administration , Mental Health Services/organization & administration , Uruguayالملخص
Objetivo: Identificar o conhecimento dos médicos ginecologistas e obstetras do Paraná sobre o reflexo disfórico da ejeção do leite e seus diagnósticos diferenciais. Métodos: Estudo observacional transversal com médicos ginecologistas e obste- tras associados ao Conselho Regional de Medicina do Paraná. A coleta de dados foi realizada por questionário online compreendendo perguntas de identificação do profissional, tempo de formação, conhecimento e experiência com reflexo disfóri- co da ejeção do leite, dificuldades de diferenciação entre os transtornos mentais puerperais, além da abordagem das questões psicológicas puerperais com as pa- cientes. Os resultados foram expressos por frequências e percentuais. Valores de p menores que 0,05 foram considerados significativos. Resultados: Entre os partici- pantes, 39,1% desconhecem o reflexo disfórico da ejeção do leite. Dos profissionais que já fizeram o diagnóstico, 72,4% apresentaram dificuldade em realizá-lo. Houve acerto majoritário em relação ao momento de ocorrência dos sintomas (90,6%) e tempo de duração (90,6%), mas deficiência no reconhecimento de todos os sin- tomas (3,1%), início das manifestações clínicas (12,6%) e tratamento (44%) pelos profissionais que conhecem o reflexo disfórico da ejeção do leite. Entre os especia- listas, 21,5% sentem-se capazes para diferenciar os três distúrbios e 24,1% têm difi- culdade na diferenciação entre as patologias. Apenas 65,5% dos médicos abordam as dificuldades emocionais na amamentação e, segundo 78,1% dos profissionais, poucas pacientes perguntam ou nunca perguntam sobre essas dificuldades. Con- clusão: O reflexo disfórico da ejeção do leite é uma condição pouco conhecida e confundida com outros transtornos mentais puerperais. É necessária maior divul gação sobre o tema entre os ginecologistas e obstetras, a fim de melhorar a assistência às puérperas, refletindo na persistência da amamentação e seus benefícios.
Objective: To identify the knowledge of gynecologists and obstetricians in Paraná about the dysphoric milk ejection re- flex and its differential diagnosis. Methods: Cross-sectional observational study was conducted with gynecologists and obstetricians associated in the Regional Council of Medicine of Paraná. Data collection was dove through an online question- naire with questions about professional identification, years of experience, knowledge and experience with the dysphoric milk ejection reflex, differentiation puerperal mental disorders difficulties, as well as the approach of postpartum psycholo- gical issues with patients. Results were expressed in frequen- cies and percentages. P values less than 0.05 were considered significant. Results: 39.1% of the participants unknown the dysphoric milk ejection reflex. Among the professionals who had diagnosed dysphoric milk ejection reflex, 72.4% reported difficulties in making the diagnosis. There was a high level of correct answers regarding the timing of symptoms (90.6%) and duration (90.6%), but deficiencies were observed in recognizing all symptoms (3.1%), onset of clinical manifestations (12.6%), and treatment (44%) by professionals who were familiar with dysphoric milk ejection reflex. 21.5% of specialists felt capab- le of differentiating between the three disorders, while 24.1% had difficulty in differentiating between the pathologies. Only 65.5% of doctors approach emotional difficulties in breastfee- ding and, according to 78.1% of professionals, few patients ask or never ask about these difficulties. Conclusion: Dysphoric milk ejection reflex is a condition that is poorly known and of- ten confused with other postpartum mental disorders. Greater awareness about this topic is necessary among gynecologists and obstetricians to improve care for postpartum women, lea- ding to the continuation of breastfeeding and its benefits.
الموضوعات
Humans , Male , Female , Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice , Depression, Postpartum/diagnosis , Milk Ejection , Puerperal Disorders/diagnosis , Gynecologists , Obstetricians , Mental Disorders/diagnosisالملخص
Introducción. La descripción de las características y los diagnósticos de pacientes psiquiátricos con COVID-19 durante la pandemia ha sido poco descrito en el Perú. Objetivo. Describir la frecuencia de diagnósticos psiquiátricos y sus características sociodemográficas en pacientes con prueba antigénica positiva a COVID-19 en un hospital psiquiátrico peruano durante julio 2020 a julio 2021. Métodos. Se realizó un estudio descriptivo basado en la revisión de 100 historias clínicas de pacientes entre 18 y 70 años. Las variables estudiadas fueron el diagnóstico de ingreso y variables sociodemográficas como edad, sexo, nivel académico, ocupación, días de estancia. Resultados. Los diagnósticos más frecuentes fueron esquizofrenia, trastornos esquizotípicos y trastornos de ideas delirantes (49%) y los trastornos del humor (37%). El 66% pertenecía a los niveles socioeconómicos más bajos y el 60% eran pacientes continuadores. El mes de abril de 2021 presentó la mayor cantidad de ingresos (n=15). Conclusión. Durante un año de observación en tiempos de emergencia sanitaria por la COVID-19, ingresaron a un hospital psiquiátrico de referencia 100 pacientes con diagnóstico psiquiátrico que además tuvieron infección por SARS-CoV-2, la mayoría de estos pacientes tuvieron trastornos psicóticos.
Introduction. The description of the characteristics and diagnoses of psychiatric patients with COVID-19 during the pandemic has been poorly described in Peru. Objective. To describe the frequency of mental disorders and the associated sociodemographic characteristics of patients with a positive antigen test for COVID-19 in a peruvian psychiatric hospital from July 2020 to July 2021. Methods. For this descriptive study we analyzed 100 medical records of patients between 18 and 70 years old. The variables studied were the diagnosis according to ICD-10 and sociodemographic features such as age, gender, educational status, employment, days of admission. Results. The most common diagnoses were "Schizophrenia, schizotypal disorders and delusional disorders" (49%) and "mood disorders" (37%), 66% belonged to the lowest socioeconomic levels and 60% were recurrent patients. The month of April 2021 presented the highest number of admissions (n=15). Conclusion. In a year of observation during the COVID-19 outbreak, 100 patients with psychiatric diagnosis who also had SARS-CoV-2 infection were admitted to a reference psychiatric hospital, most of these patients had psychotic disorders.