Tratamento endovascular com endoprótese aórtica para aneurisma de artéria subclávia secundário à fístula arteriovenosa axilo-axilar traumática tardia / Endovascular treatment with aortic endoprostheses for subclavian artery aneurysm secondary to late traumatic axillary-axillary arteriovenous fistula

Resumo As fístulas arteriovenosas (FAVs) traumáticas envolvendo os vasos axilares e subclávios são incomuns e correspondem de 5 a 10% de todos os traumas arteriais. A anatomia complexa dessa região torna desafiador o tratamento desse segmento. Neste desafio terapêutico, descrevemos o caso de um homem de 73 anos, encaminhado por edema progressivo e úlcera no membro superior direito, com história pregressa de ferimento por arma de fogo na região infraclavicular direita há cerca de 50 anos. Foi realizada angiotomografia e identificou-se FAV axilo-axilar associada à tortuosidade e dilatação aneurismática de artéria subclávia a jusante. O paciente foi submetido à intervenção endovascular com endoprótese cônica (monoilíaca) 26 × 14 × 90 mm Braile® na artéria subclávia aneurismática, posterior à saída da artéria vertebral direita, e endoprótese monoilíaca 16 × 16 × 95 mm Excluder® com sobreposição na primeira prótese, apresentando resultado satisfatório. Portanto, descreve-se a possibilidade de utilização de endoprótese aórtica em situação incomum e de exceção, com sucesso.

Abstract Traumatic arteriovenous fistulas (AVFs) involving the axillary and subclavian vessels are uncommon and account for 5 to 10% of all arterial traumas. The complex anatomy of this region makes treatment of this segment challenging. In this therapeutic challenge, we describe the case of a 73-year-old man, referred for progressive edema and ulceration involving the right upper limb and with a history of gunshot wound to the right infraclavicular region about 50 years previously. Angiotomography was performed and an axillary-axillary AVF was found, associated with tortuosity and aneurysmatic dilation of the subclavian artery downstream. He underwent endovascular intervention and a conical (monoiliac) 26 × 14 × 90 mm Braile® endoprosthesis was used in the aneurysmatic subclavian artery, posterior to the exit of the right vertebral artery and a 16 × 16 × 95mm Excluder® monoiliac endoprosthesis was placed overlapping the first prosthesis, showing a satisfactory result. Therefore, the possibility of successfully using aortic endoprostheses in an unusual and exceptional situation is described.

Aneurisma de la arteria carótida interna derecha / Aneurysm of the right internal carotid artery

Introducción: El aneurisma de la arteria carótida interna es una enfermedad muy poco frecuente. Sus complicaciones son muy graves si se tiene en cuenta la zona que irrigan estas arterias. Su incidencia es baja Objetivo: Presentar las manifestaciones clínicas de esta enfermedad y el tratamiento realizado en el paciente. Presentación del caso: paciente masculino de 58 años de edad con antecedentes de hipertensión arterial y un aneurisma de la arteria carótida interna derecha desde hace cinco años; el cual aumentó su tamaño en los últimos seis meses. El diagnóstico fue confirmado por ecodoppler y angiotomografía. Se empleó el tratamiento quirúrgico convencional, la aneurismectomía e injerto por sustitución, con prótesis de politetrafluroetileno sin complicaciones. Conclusiones: El paciente evolucionó satisfactoriamente después de la cirugía, en la actualidad lleva tres meses intervenido sin complicaciones y mantiene el tratamiento con antiagregantes plaquetarios(AU)

Introduction: The aneurysm of the right internal carotid artery is a very rare disease. Its complications are very serious if we take into account the area that irrigates these arteries. The incidence of this disease is low. Objective: To present the clinical manifestations of this disease and the surgical treatment used in this patient. Presentation of the case: Male patient, 58 years old, with a history of arterial hypertension and presenting an aneurysm of the right internal carotid artery with five years of evolution. Such lump increased its size in the last six months; this was confirmed by ecodoppler and angiotomography, so he came to the consultation. The conventional surgical treatment was used: aneurysmectomy and grafting by substitution with polytetrafluroethylene prosthesis without complications. Conclusions: The patient developed successfully after surgery; he is currently evolving after three months of being operated on without complications and he keeps the treatment with antiplatelet agents(AU)

Spontaneous perforation of small intestine followed by rupture of the cystic artery: the natural history of Vascular Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome

Vascular Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome (VEDS) is a rare autosomal dominant disorder caused by mutations in the COL3A1 or COL1A1 genes. Its mortality is secondary to sudden and spontaneous rupture of arteries or hollow organs. The genotype influences the distribution of arterial pathology with aneurysms of intra-abdominal visceral arteries being relatively uncommon. We describe the case of a young man with probable VEDS who died of a spontaneous rupture and dissection of the cystic artery. The patient initially presented with abdominal pain due to an unrecognized spontaneous perforation of the small intestine complicated by sepsis. We postulate that inflammatory mediators may have triggered the arterial rupture due to remodeling and weakening of vessel walls. The phenotype of the patient's vascular damage included bilateral spontaneous carotid-cavernous sinus fistulae and dissection with pseudoaneurysm formation of large- and medium-sized arteries, predominantly the abdominal aorta and its branches. The autopsy uncovered a long history of vascular events that may have been asymptomatic. These findings along with a positive family history supported the VEDS diagnosis. Loeys-Dietz, Marfan, and familial thoracic aortic aneurysm and dissection syndromes were ruled out based on the absence of arterial tortuosity, eye abnormalities, bone overgrowth, and the distribution of vascular damage among other features. Interestingly, microscopic examination of the hippocampus revealed a focus of neuronal heterotopia, commonly associated with epilepsy; however, the patient had no history of seizures. The natural course of VEDS involves the rupture and dissection of arteries that, if unrecognized, can lead to a rapid death after bleeding into free spaces.

Trombosis antenatal de aneurisma espontáneo de conducto arterial / Antenatal thrombosis of arterial ductus spontaneous aneurysm

Los aneurismas espontáneos del conducto arterial se detectan inusualmente de forma prenatal. Su incidencia varía entre 1,5 por ciento y 8 por ciento de los embarazos. Usualmente se solucionan espontáneamente; sin embargo, pueden presentarse complicaciones letales como trombosis, embolia y ruptura. Los casos fatales descritos son escasos, la mayoría después del nacimiento. El objetivo es presentar el reporte de autopsia de un mortinato cuya causa de muerte fue la trombosis de aneurisma del conducto arterial. La madre fue una primigesta de 22 años de edad, con embarazo de 40 semanas sin antecedentes de importancia, atendida en un hospital de tercer nivel de Bucaramanga, Santander. Le realizamos una cesárea emergente por perfil biofísico fetal alterado y bradicardia fetal. Se obtuvo un mortinato masculino sin esfuerzo respiratorio, hipotónico, cianótico, que no respondió a maniobras de reanimación. Los hallazgos de autopsia relevantes fueron: dilatación auricular derecha y dilatación preductal con trombosis del conducto cuya luz estaba completamente ocluida por un coágulo. Los aneurismas ductales prenatales son una entidad que merece más estudio para determinar estrategias de diagnóstico precoz y seguimiento, y así disminuir el riesgo de desenlaces fatales(AU)

Introduction: Spontaneous ductus arteriosus aneurysm is a condition rarely diagnosed on prenatal imaging. Literature reveals 1,5 to 8 percent incidence on pregnancies. Most cases have spontaneous resolution, nonetheless, life-threatening complications such thrombosis, embolism and rupture can occur. Fatal cases reports are scarce, most of them presenting on newborns, days to months after birth. Objective: To present the autopsy report of a stillbirth whose cause of death was thrombosis of the arterial duct aneurysm. Methods: A 22-year healthy prime mother with 40-week pregnancy was assisted at a tertiary hospital in Bucaramanga, Santander. She required emergency cesarean section due to low biophysical profile and fetal bradycardia. The newborn had no respiratory effort, was floppy, cyanotic and did not respond to resuscitation maneuvers. The relevant autopsy findings were right atrial dilatation and preductal dilation with thrombosis of the duct whose lumen was completely occluded by a clot. Conclusions: The prenatal ductal aneurysm is an entity that deserves more study to determine strategies for early diagnosis and follow-up thus decrease the risk of fatal outcomes(AU)

Tratamento endovascular versus tratamento aberto de aneurisma de artéria poplítea: artigo de revisão / Endovascular vs. open repair of popliteal artery aneurysm: review article

O tratamento convencional do aneurisma da artéria poplítea é a cirurgia aberta de exclusão do aneurisma e revascularização do membro acometido. Nos últimos anos, o tratamento endovascular vem ganhando popularidade e interesse. O tratamento endovascular é menos invasivo e de menor morbidade; porém, é de alto custo e sua perviedade é incerta. O objetivo desta revisão é comparar os dois tratamentos através da análise de desfechos abordados em estudos primários e secundários. Realizou-se uma revisão narrativa da literatura publicada nos últimos 5 anos. Foram selecionados seis estudos retrospectivos, duas metanálises, um ensaio clínico e uma revisão sistemática Cochrane. Número limitado de pacientes e curto período de seguimento não nos permitem extrair conclusões consistentes. Não há evidência clara que sugere melhores resultados entre um ou outro tratamento eletivo. Novos ensaios randomizados devem ser realizados para determinar o papel do tratamento endovascular desse aneurisma

he conventional treatment for a popliteal artery aneurysm is open surgery to exclude the aneurysm and revascularization of the affected limb. Over recent years, endovascular treatment has grown in popularity and has been attracting increased interest. Endovascular treatment is less invasive and associated with lower rates of morbidity, but it is expensive and patency is uncertain. The aim of this review is to compare these two treatments by analyzing the outcomes reported in primary and secondary studies. A narrative review is conducted of the literature published over the last 5 years. Six retrospective studies, two meta-analyses, one clinical trial and one Cochrane systematic review were selected. We were unable to draw firm conclusions because of small patient samples and short follow-up periods. There is no clear evidence to indicate that the outcomes of one or another elective treatment are superior. New randomized trials should be conducted to determine the role endovascular treatment has to play in management of this type of aneurysm

Contrast-Induced Acute Kidney Injury after Coil Embolization for Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage

PURPOSE: Contrast-induced acute kidney injury (CI-AKI) is associated with poor outcomes after percutaneous coronary intervention. However, CI-AKI has rarely been evaluated within the neurovascular field. The aim of this study was to investigate the incidence and clinical implication of CI-AKI after coil embolization in patients with an aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Between January 2005 and March 2016, 192 patients who underwent coil embolization were enrolled in this study. CI-AKI was defined as an increase from baseline serum creatinine concentration of >25% or >0.5 mg/dL within 72 hours after coil embolization. A poor clinical outcome was defined as a score of ≥3 on the modified Rankin Scale at one-year post-treatment. RESULTS: A total of 16 patients (8.3%) died as a result of medical problems within one year. CI-AKI was identified in 14 patients (7.3%). Prominent risk factors for one-year mortality included CI-AKI [odds ratio (OR): 16.856; 95% confidence interval (CI): 3.437–82.664] and an initial Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) score ≤8 (OR: 5.565; 95% CI: 1.703–18.184). A poor clinical outcome was associated with old age (≥65 years) (OR: 7.921; 95% CI: 2.977–21.076), CI-AKI (OR: 11.281; 95% CI: 2.138–59.525), an initial GCS score ≤8 (OR 31.02; 95% CI, 10.669–90.187), and a ruptured aneurysm (p=0.016, OR: 4.278) in posterior circulation. CONCLUSION: CI-AKI seems to be an independent predictor of the overall outcomes of aSAH after endovascular treatment.

Bucle sintomático y aneurisma de arteria carótida interna extracraneal / Symptomatic loop and extracranial internal carotid artery aneurysm

Los aneurismas de arteria carótida interna son una entidad infrecuente pero de gran importancia por sus potenciales complicaciones, como embolización, ruptura, compresión estructuras adyacentes y otras. Su también rara asociación con bucle o lazo de 360º de la arteria carótida interna a dicho nivel, aumenta el riesgo de accidentes cerebrovasculares, y por tanto necesario su tratamiento específico. Se presenta el caso clínico de una paciente de 71 años con bucle sintomático y aneurisma sacular de arteria carótida interna sometidos a tratamiento quirúrgico. Se realizó disección y resección del aneurisma y del bucle carotideo con anastomosis término-terminal de la arteria carótida interna. No hubo complicaciones. Fue dada de alta con antiagregación oral y a los tres años de evolución se mantiene asintomática(AU)

The internal carotid artery aneurysms are an infrequent condition of great importance because of their potential complications such as embolization, rupture, and compression of adjacent structures and others. The rare association of aneurysms with the 360º loop of the internal carotid artery at that level increases the risk of strokes and therefore, their specific treatment is required. This is a 71 years-old female patient who presented with symptomatic loop and secular aneurysm in the internal carotid artery, which had been operated on. Dissection and resection of the carotid aneurysm and loop was made using termino-terminal anastomosis of the internal carotid artery. There were no complications. She was discharged from hospital with an oral anti-aggregate treatment and after three years, she remains asymptomatic(AU)

Arco aórtico derecho con subclavia izquierda aberrante y divertículo de Kommerell. Una causa de anillo vascular / Right-side aortic arch with aberrant left subclavian artery and Kommerell's diverticulum. A cause of vascular ring

Resumen: El arco aórtico derecho puede estar asociado a subclavia izquierda aberrante, en algunos casos esta se origina de una dilatación aneurismática que se conoce como divertículo de Kommerell. Se presentan 2 casos de anillo vascular formado por un arco aórtico derecho, subclavia izquierda anómala con divertículo de Kommerell y persistencia del conducto arterioso izquierdo con una revisión de la literatura acerca del desarrollo embriológico y los métodos de imagen que ayudan al diagnóstico de esta rara anomalía vascular.

Abstract: The right-side aortic arch may be associated with aberrant left subclavian artery, in some cases this artery originates from an aneurismal dilation of the aorta called Kommerell's diverticulum. A report is presented on 2 cases of vascular ring formed by a right-side aortic arch, anomalous left subclavian artery, Kommerell's diverticulum and left patent ductus arteriosus. A review the literature was also performed as regards the embryological development and the imaging methods used to help in the diagnosis of this rare vascular anomaly.

Endoscopic endonasal management of cerebrospinal fluid rhinorrhea after anterior clinoidectomy for aneurysm surgery: changing the paradigm of complication management / Endoscopia endonasal no tratamento da fístula liquórica após clinoidectomia anterior na cirurgia de aneurisma: mudando o paradigma no manejo desta complicação

ABSTRACT Resection of the anterior clinoid process results in the creation of the clinoid space, an important surgical step in the exposure and clipping of clinoidal and supraclinoidal internal carotid artery aneurysms. Cerebrospinal fluid rhinorrhea is an undesired and potentially serious complication. Conservative measures may be unsuccesful, and there is no consensus on the most appropriate surgical treatment. Two patients with persistent transclinoidal CSF rhinorrhea after aneurysm surgery were successfully treated with a combined endoscopic transnasal/transeptal binostril approach using a fat graft and ipsilateral mucosal nasal septal flap. Anatomical considerations and details of the surgical technique employed are discussed, and a management plan is proposed.

RESUMO A ressecção da clinóide anterior resulta na criação do espaço clinoideo, um passo cirúrgico importante na exposição e clipagem de aneurismas dos segmentos clinoideo e supraclinoideo da artéria carótida interna. Fístula liquórica é uma das complicaçoes mais indesejadas e é potencialmente grave. O manejo com medidas conservadoras pode ser bem sucedido, e não há consenso sobre o tratamento cirúrgico mais adequado. Dois pacientes com rinorréia persistente secundária a fistula liquórica transclinoidal após cirurgia de aneurisma foram tratados com sucesso por uma abordagem endoscópica combinada transnasal/transseptal binostril usando um enxerto de gordura e retalho de mucosa naso-septal ipsilateral. Considerações anatômicas e detalhes da técnica cirúrgica empregada são discutidos, e um plano de manejo destes tipo de fistula líquorica é proposto.

Aberrant right subclavian artery-esophageal fistula: massive upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage secondary to prolonged intubation / Fístula de artéria subclávia direita anômala com esôfago - hemorragia digestiva alta maciça secundária a intubação gástrica prolongada

ABSTRACT Aberrant right subclavian artery-esophageal fistula is a rare but potentially fatal complication. It may be associated with procedures, such as tracheostomy and tracheal or esophageal intubation, and yields massive upper gastrointestinal bleeding difficult to identify and to control. A high index of suspicion is essential for early diagnosis and better prognosis. We report a rare case of a patient who survived after emergent surgical procedure for massive upper gastrointestinal bleeding secondary to aberrant right subclavian artery-esophageal fistula after prolonged intubation.

RESUMO A fístula de artéria subclávia direita anômala com o esôfago é uma complicação rara, mas potencialmente fatal. Pode estar associada a procedimentos como traqueostomia e intubação traqueal ou esofágica e originar hemorragia digestiva alta maciça, de difícil identificação e controle. Um elevado índice de suspeição é essencial para o diagnóstico precoce e a melhoria do prognóstico. Relatamos caso raro de doente que sobreviveu após intervenção cirúrgica emergente por hemorragia digestiva alta maciça secundária a fístula de artéria subclávia direita anômala com esôfago, após intubação gástrica prolongada.

Posibles causas de aneurisma y pseudoaneurisma de la fístula arteriovenosa en pacientes con insuficiencia renal / Possible causes of aneurysm and pseudoaneurysm of the arteriovenous fistula in patients with renal failure

El acceso vascular ideal debe proporcionar un flujo adecuado a las necesidades de la diálisis, debe ser de larga duración y tener una baja tasa de complicaciones. La realización de una fístula autóloga se considera de primera elección como acceso vascular para la hemodiálisis. Si bien se conocen las causas de los aneurismas y pseudoaneurismas de las fistulas, estos son muy pocos frecuentes y por ello es importante conocer que aparecen. Mostramos varios casos de aneurismas y pseudoaneurismas de las fístulas, causas y que hacer para evitarlos. Se presentan seis casos de pacientes con fístulas arteriovenosas para hemodiálisis realizada la cirugía en el hospital "Victoria Mahe" de islas Seychelles en dos años, el diagnóstico fue clínico y ultrasonográfico. Se encontró un paciente diabético de edad avanzada con pseudoaneurismas de la arteria de la fístula luego de su ligadura a nivel del codo; uno con múltiples aneurismas venosos en una fístula de más de cinco años de evolución y cuatro pacientes con pseudoaneurismas de la vena por ruptura de las fístulas. Es importante no solo hacer un acceso vascular para diálisis, sino cuidar del mismo para evitar que aparezcan los aneurismas y pseudoaneurismas, para ello: rotar los sitios de punción, evitar la hipotensión severa, educar a los pacientes sobre lo que no deben hacer con el brazo de la fístula y realizar una buena asepsia y antisepsia antes de iniciar la diálisis para evitar la sépsis y con ello otras complicaciones, y preparar al personal de enfermería que realizará el proceder(AU)

The ideal vascular access should provide adequate flow to meet dialysis requirements, should be long lasting and also have a low rate of complications. Autologous fistula is considered the first choice for vascular access in hemodialysis. If the causes of aneurysms and pseudoaneurysms of fistulae are well known, they are very unusual and so, it is important to know why they occur. Several cases of aneurysms and pseudoaneurysms of fistulae, their causes and how to prevent them were shown. Six cases with arteriovenous fistulae for hemodialysis were presented; the surgery was performed in "Victoria Mahe" Hospital in Seychelles islands in two years, the diagnosis was clinical and ultrasonographic. There were one elderly diabetic patient with pseudo-aneurysm in the artery of the fistula after ligation at the elbow, one with multiple venous aneurysms in a fistula of over 5 years of progression and four patients with vein pseudo-aneurysms due to fistula rupture. It is very important not only to make a vascular access for dialysis, but also to take care of it so as to avoid aneurysms and pseudoaneurysms. To this end, it is advisable to rotate the puncture sites, to severe hypotension, to educate patients about what should not be done with the fistula arm, to perform good aseptic- antiseptic actions before starting dialysis to prevent sepsis and other complications and to prepare nurses to conduct the procedure(AU)

Aneurisma de la Vena de galeno en neonato, menejo y cuidaddo de enfermería / Aneurysm of the vein of galen in infant, handling and nursing care

La vena de Galeno es el vaso más grande de la región pineal localizándose dentro de la cisterna cuadrigeminal. Dicha cisterna engloba al espacio que corresponde a la región pineal. Se encuentra entre ambas fisuras coroideas y presenta una configuración piramidal. Las malformaciones de la vena de Galeno son anormalidades congénitas que han causado alta tasa de morbilidad y mortalidad pero a partir de los años noventa el desarrollo de técnicas de diag- nóstico prenatal y de terapia endovascular han permitido modificar el pronóstico. El aneurisma de la vena de Galeno es poco frecuente; se origina de un defecto en la fusión de las venas cerebrales internas en la formación entre la 6tª y la 11va semana de gestación, puede manifestarse en el período neonatal como falla cardiaca congestiva de evolución tórpida de acuerdo con el tamaño de la lesión, produce un cuadro de falla cardíaca de alto gasto, cianosis y convulsio- nes. Su etiología se desconoce. Se presenta caso de recién nacido a término, que ingresa a la unidad de cuidados intensivos por vómitos desde las 9 horas de nacido, llanto agudo inexplicable llamando la atención desviación de la comisura labial derescha. Al examen físico con fontanela tensa, taquipneiceo. Se le realiza tomografía axial computarizada (TAC) que reporta; Aneurisma de la vena de Galeno y hemorragia sub-aracnoidea, con hidrocefalia secundaria al aneurisma. El neonato fallece súbitamente a los cuatro días de nacido por falla cardíaca...(AU)

Angiolipoma intracraniano adjacente a aneurisma sacular cerebral: relato de caso e revisão da literatura / Intracranial Angiolipoma Associated with Cerebral Saccular Aneurysm: Case Report and Review of Literature

Angiolipomas são neoplasias benignas compostas por adipócitos maduros e proliferação vascular angiomatosa de rara ocorrência no Sistema Nervoso Central. É relatado o caso de angiolipoma em cisterna silviana adjacente a aneurisma sacular de artéria cerebral média. São discutidas as características imagenológicas do tumor e a possibilidade de uma origem comum com lesões vasculares intracranianas. Este é o primeiro caso relatado de angiolipoma intracraniano associado a aneurisma de artéria cerebral média.

Angiolipomas are benign neoplasms composed of mature fat cells and vascular angiomatous proliferation of rare incidence in Central Nervous System.It's related a case of angiolipoma in Sylvian fissure associated with cerebral saccular aneurysm of medial cerebral artery. Imagenologic characteristics of the tumor and a possible common origin with intracranial vascular lesions are discussed. This is the first reported case of intracranial angiolipoma involving medial cerebral artery aneurysm.

Endovascular Recanalization of a Thrombosed Native Arteriovenous Fistula Complicated with an Aneurysm: Technical Aspects and Outcomes

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the technical aspects and outcomes of endovascular recanalization of a thrombosed native arteriovenous fistula (AVF) complicated with an aneurysm. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Sixteen patients who had a thrombosed AVF complicated with an aneurysm (two radiocephalic and 14 brachiocephalic) were included in this study. Recanalization procedures were performed by mechanical thrombectomy using the Arrow-Trerotola percutaneous thrombectomy device and adjunctive treatments. We evaluated dose of thrombolytic agent, underlying stenosis, procedure time, technical and clinical success, and complications. The primary and secondary patency rates were calculated using the Kaplan-Meier analysis. RESULTS: The thrombolytic agents used were 100000 U urokinase mixed with 500 IU heparin (n = 10) or a double dose of the mixture (n = 6). The thrombi in aneurysms were removed in all but two patients with non-flow limiting residual thrombi. One recanalization failure occurred due to a device failure. Aspiration thrombectomy was performed in 87.5% of cases (n = 14). Underlying stenoses were found in the outflow draining vein (n = 16), arteriovenous anastomosis or juxtaanastomosis area (n = 5), and the central vein (n = 3). Balloon angioplasty was performed for all stenoses in 15 patients. Two patients with a symptomatic central vein stenosis underwent insertion of a stent after balloon angioplasty. Mean procedure time was 116.3 minutes. Minor extravasation (n = 1) was resolved by manual compression. Both technical and clinical success rates were 93.8% (n = 15). The primary patency rates at 3, 6, and 12 months were 70.5%, 54.8%, and 31.3%, respectively. The secondary patency rates at 3, 6, and 12 months were 70.5%, 70.5%, and 47.0%, respectively. CONCLUSION: Thrombosed AVF complicated with an aneurysm can be successfully recanalized, and secondary patency can be prolonged with endovascular treatment.

Renal autotransplantation to treat renal artery aneurysm: case report / Autotransplante renal para tratamento de aneurisma de artéria renal: relato de caso

CONTEXT: Renal artery aneurysm (RAA) is uncommon and usually asymptomatic, but complications like rupture or thromboembolism of the aneurysm can occur, with consequent renal infarction. Most of the clinical findings are found incidentally through imaging examinations, in investigating other diseases. Renal autotransplantation (RAT) is an alternative treatment for complex RAA, with satisfactory results described in the literature. CASE REPORT: The patient was a 48-year-old man with a history of systemic arterial hypertension, thrombocytopenia and advanced hepatosplenic schistosomiasis. He complained of right lumbar pain, which was investigated through imaging examinations (computed tomography and angiotomography). These revealed right RAA of 2.5 cm in diameter. Evaluation by the vascular surgery team found that this was untreatable using endovascular methods. The treatment performed was open right nephrectomy with kidney preservation in solution, followed by aneurysmectomy, suturing of the injured artery and kidney reimplantation in the right iliac fossa with anastomosis of the iliac vessels and ureter. The durations of the surgery and kidney ischemia were 385 and 140 minutes, respectively. The patient was discharged on the 20th postoperative day, with creatinine concentration of 1.4 mg/dL, urea 41 mg/dL, urine volume 1400 mL/24 h and ascites treated with diuretics. CONCLUSION: RAT is indicated basically in three situations: extracorporeal reconstruction of complex aneurysms of the renal pedicle, extensive ureteral injury, and conservative kidney cancer surgery in patients with a single kidney. This study presents a case of a patient with advanced liver disease and RAA that was untreatable using endovascular methods and was successfully treated using RAT. .

CONTEXTO: O aneurisma de artéria renal (AAR) é incomum e, em geral, assintomático, mas podem ocorrer complicações como rotura ou embolia de trombos do aneurisma com consequente infarto renal. A maioria dos achados clínicos é encontrada acidentalmente por exames de imagem na investigação de outras doenças. O autotransplante renal (ATR) constitui-se em alternativa de tratamento de AAR com resultados satisfatórios descritos na literatura. RELATO DE CASO: Paciente masculino, 48 anos, com histórico de hipertensão arterial sistêmica, plaquetopenia e esquistossomose hepatoesplênica avançada. Referia dor lombar direita que após exames de imagem (tomografia computadorizada e angiotomografia) revelou AAR direita com 2,5 cm de diâmetro não tratável por via endovascular após avaliação da equipe de cirurgia vascular. O tratamento realizado foi uma nefrectomia aberta direita com preservação renal em solução, seguida de aneurismectomia, sutura da artéria lesada e reimplante do rim na fossa ilíaca direita com anastomoses dos vasos ilíacos e do ureter. O tempo cirúrgico e de isquemia renal foram de 385 e 140 minutos, respectivamente. Recebeu alta hospitalar no vigésimo dia do pós-operatório, com concentrações de creatinina de 1,4 mg/dL, ureia de 41 mg/dL, volume urinário de 1400 mL/24 h e ascite tratada com diuréticos. CONCLUSÃO: O ATR está indicado basicamente em três casos: reconstrução extracorpórea de aneurismas complexos do pedículo renal, lesão ureteral extensa e cirurgia conservadora de câncer renal em pacientes com único rim. Este estudo apresenta caso de paciente com doença hepática avançada e AAR intratável por método endovascular e tratado com sucesso por ATR. .

Spontaneous perirenal haemorrhage in polyarteritis nodosa

Patients presenting with flank pain are likely to have urological pathology but when features of hypotension are present high index of suspicion is needed to reach the cause such as perirenal haemorrhage. Spontaneous perirenal haemorrhage [SPH] is an uncommon presentation of vasculitis, autoimmune disease or malignancy. It is common in males in the age group between 30 and 60 years. Polyarteritis nodosa [PAN] is one of the commonest vascular diseases associated with SPH. Angiography adds valuable information to the diagnosis and management and can prevent unnecessary nephrectomy. We report a case of SPH that was successfully managed with angioembolization

Ophthalmic Artery Aneurysm: Potential Culprit of Central Retinal Artery Occlusion

Central retinal artery occlusion (CRAO) is one of the most devastating ophthalmic emergencies, causing acute painless visual loss in the affected eye. We describe the first case of acute non-arteritic CRAO associated with peripheral ophthalmic artery aneurysm and its clinical course after intra-arterial thrombolysis therapy. This case suggests that ophthalmic artery aneurysm can be the cause of CRAO and should be included in the differential diagnosis of CRAO.