Preferences of Medical Technology Students on COVID-19 Personal preventive behaviors and university safety protocols: A conjoint analysis

@#The increase in coronavirus disease (COVID-19) cases in the Philippines has created an alarming issue in high-density public places, such as schools and universities. Personal preventive behaviors that the students exercise play a big part in whether such behaviors prevent or only predispose them even more to contracting the virus. Several factors may influence the personal preventive behaviors of an individual. These include attitude, awareness, personal beliefs, and culture concerning the disease. Through outlining these several factors, the researchers aim to identify the main attributes that determine students’ preferred COVID-19 personal preventive behavior and implemented precautionary measures. The researchers used a two-part survey: socioeconomic and demographic followed by an orthogonal plan. The safety protocols implemented by the university were found to be the most important factor, followed by knowledge about the disease, communication channels, attitude, and social construct of the family. Thus, this follows that based on the attribute’s importance value, the students prefer safety protocols that are most implemented by the university while social construct of the family is the least preferred. These findings suggest that the safety protocols implemented by the university are the most important factor, hence, policy implementation and strengthening should be observed by the university.

Enhancing gestational diabetes management in Filipino patients: Evaluating the impact of education on knowledge, attitude, and pregnancy outcomes at a Tertiary Medical Center

Introduction@#Patient education is integral in the management of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), a common pregnancy complication that may cause adverse perinatal outcomes. This study evaluated the effect of diabetes education on the knowledge and attitude among patients with GDM, comparing pre- vs post-diabetes session scores and determining pregnancy outcomes.@*Methodology@#A one-group pre-test and post-test experimental design study was conducted on 75 patients after one- session diabetes counseling using the Gestational Diabetes Mellitus Knowledge Questionnaire (GDMKQ) and the third version of the Diabetes Attitude Scale (DAS-3).@*Results@#Of the 75 subjects, 84% exhibited adequate knowledge of diabetes. Post-education, a significant increase in the total scores was seen among those less than 35 years of age (p-value: 0.003), both employed and unemployed (p-value: 0.0.026, 0.047, respectively), with a secondary level of education (p-value: 0.014) and multigravid (p-value: 0.015). An overall median positive attitude score of 3.6 was documented. For neonatal outcomes, no adverse events existed. For maternal outcomes, 17.9% had elevated fasting blood glucose while 7.1% had elevated 2-hour post-glucose tolerance test.@*Conclusion@#Diabetes education improves patient’s knowledge but not their attitude. Hence, improvement in attitude interventions should be incorporated into the current diabetes education program.

Effectiveness of child-rearing information booklet among adolescent mothers: A quasi-experimental non-equivalent pre-test-post-test control group study

Background@#Child-rearing is challenging for adolescent mothers at risk of providing limited care to their children because of the challenges and demands of simultaneously being an adolescent and a mother. Children aged 0-2 years depend on caregivers like their young mothers to promote their physical, emotional, social, and cognitive growth and development.@*Objective@#The study aimed to determine the effectiveness of the Child-rearing Information Booklet (CRIB) among adolescent mothers with children aged 0-2 years on the three dimensions of knowledge, attitude, and practices.@*Methods@#The study utilized the quasi-experimental non-equivalent pre-test-post-test control group design to investigate 30 intervention and 30 comparison adolescent mothers with children aged 0-2 years who met the study criteria in Baguio City from January 2019 to January 2021. The fishbowl sampling technique was used in selecting the population and the specific barangays. A validated self-made questionnaire (I-CVI of 0.95 with Cronbach's α of 0.96) determined both groups' knowledge, attitude, and practices (KAP). The study used the weighted mean for adolescent mothers' KAP while an independent sample t-test analyzed the significant change in the scores of both groups and to answer the significant difference in the pre- and post-test scores between the two groups.@*Results@#The results revealed that both groups are knowledgeable about child-rearing skills. Both groups have a favorable attitude when caring for their children and have a very satisfactory practice in childcare. The study also yielded a significant difference in the change of scores in the pre-and post-test scores of the two groups, specifically in knowledge and practice, while no significant difference in their attitude. It also presented a significant difference in the post-test scores between the two groups along with their knowledge (large effect size), attitude (medium effect size), and practices (large effect size).@*Conclusions@#Adolescent mothers have pre-existing KAP in child-rearing. The CRIB effectively enhances adolescent mothers' child-rearing knowledge and practice. Also, the increase of scores in KAP in child-rearing during the posttest may not be solely caused by the CRIB but also influenced by their age, level of education, living environment, experience in child-rearing, and age of their child. The CRIB has a high practical significance in improving the knowledge and practices among adolescent mothers but not in their attitude.

Knowledge, attitudes, and practices in colorectal cancer screening in the Philippines

Background and Objective@#Colorectal cancer (CRC) has the third highest incidence in the Philippines. Currently, there is a paucity in literature that is focused on the knowledge, attitudes, and perceptions of Filipinos regarding CRC screening. This is the first study in the Philippines that describes this. @*Methods@#This is a cross-sectional study that validated a 52-item Filipino questionnaire on the knowledge on colorectal cancer, willingness to undergo CRC screening, and perceived benefits and barriers to fecal occult blood test (FOBT) and colonoscopy. The study enrolled household heads more than 20 years of age residing in both urban and rural communities in the Philippines. @*Results@#The UP-PGH CRC KAP (University of the Philippines – Philippine General Hospital Colorectal Cancer Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices) and Rawl Questionnaire’s validity and internal consistency were established in a pilot study of 30 respondents. A total of 288 respondents were then enrolled to the main study group with a median age of 54.0. Knowledge scores for prognosis and utility of CRC screening were modest (6.3/12 and 8.4/20, respectively). Perceived benefit scores to FOBT and colonoscopy were high (9.9/12 and 13.9/16, respectively).Median scores to barriers to FOBT and colonoscopy were intermediate (22.5/36 and 35.8/60, respectively). Notably, a vast majority (86.1%) were willing to participate in CRC screening programs initiated by the government, and 46.9% agreed to undergo screening tests even as out-of-pocket expense. @*Conclusion@#The UP-PGH CRC KAP Questionnaire as well as the Filipino translation of the Rawl Questionnaire are reliable and valid tools in extensively assessing the knowledge of Filipinos on CRC and willingness to undergo screening, as well as the benefits of and barriers to FOBT and colonoscopy. Knowledge scores were modest suggesting that directed educational campaigns and awareness programs can aid in increasing awareness about CRC and its screening. Household income and highest educational attainment were significantly positively correlated with knowledge scores, and perceived benefits of and barriers to CRC screening. Scores were generally comparable between urban and rural communities.

Attitudes and perceptions about ageism among nursing students: a scoping review / Actitudes y percepciones sobre edadismo entre los estudiantes de enfermería: una revisión de alcance / Atitudes e percepções sobre idadismo em estudantes de enfermagem: revisão de escopo

Objective: to map scientific knowledge on nursing students' attitudes and perceptions regarding ageism. Method: scoping review according to the recommendations of the Joanna Briggs Institute. The study question was: What are scientific evidence available on the attitudes and perceptions of nursing students regarding ageism? The search was conducted in 12 databases using the Rayyan application and the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews. The studies were selected by two reviewers using a data extraction tool. Results: of the 4,595 files, 46 that were published between 1984 and 2022 were selected, and the quantitative method was the most used. The most commonly used instrument was the Kogan's Attitudes Toward Old People Scale. Positive, negative, mixed, neutral, and inconclusive attitudes and perceptions were identified. Conclusion: attitudes and perceptions about ageism are diverse and not conclusive. Future intervention studies are recommended to detect changes in the behavior of nursing students in the face of ageism.

Objetivo: mapear el conocimiento científico sobre las actitudes y percepciones de los estudiantes de enfermería respecto al edadismo. Método: La pregunta del estudio fue: ¿Qué evidencia científica está disponible sobre las actitudes y percepciones de los estudiantes de enfermería respecto al edadismo? La búsqueda se realizó en 12 bases de datos utilizando la aplicación Rayyan y la Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews . Los estudios fueron seleccionados por dos revisores mediante una herramienta de extracción de datos. Resultados: de los 4.595 artículos, se seleccionaron 46 publicados entre 1984 y 2022, siendo el método cuantitativo el más utilizado. La herramienta más utilizada fue el Kogan's Attitudes Toward Old People Scale . Se identificaron actitudes y percepciones positivas, negativas, mixtas, neutras y no concluyentes. Conclusión: las actitudes y percepciones sobre la discriminación por edad son diversas y no concluyentes. Se recomiendan futuros estudios de intervención para detectar cambios en el comportamiento de los estudiantes de enfermería ante el edadismo.

Objetivo: mapear o conhecimento científico sobre as atitudes e percepções dos estudantes de enfermagem em relação ao idadismo. Método: revisão de escopo segundo as recomendações do Joanna Briggs Institute . A pergunta de estudo foi: Quais são as evidências científicas disponíveis sobre as atitudes e percepções dos estudantes de enfermagem no que diz respeito ao idadismo? A busca foi realizada em 12 bases de dados utilizando o aplicativo Rayyan e o Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews . Realizou-se a seleção dos estudos por dois revisores, com uso de um instrumento para a extração dos dados. Resultados: dos 4.595 arquivos, selecionaram-se 46 publicados entre 1984 e 2022, sendo que a maioria utilizou o método quantitativo. O instrumento mais utilizado foi o Kogan's Attitudes Toward Old People Scale e os estudos mostraram que os estudantes apresentaram atitudes e percepções positivas, negativas, mistas, neutras e não conclusivas. Conclusão: as atitudes e percepções sobre idadismo são diversificadas e não conclusivas. Recomenda-se estudos futuros de intervenção para detecção de mudanças de comportamento dos estudantes de enfermagem frente ao idadismo.

Mujeres andinas: actitudes en el uso de plantas para el tratamiento de eventos ginecológicos / Andean women: Attitudes towards the use of plants for the treatment of gynecological Events

Introducción: Las enfermedades a menudo constituyen alteraciones fisiológicas que requieren acciones inminentes según su gravedad, ante ello, las mujeres andinas ponen en práctica sus conocimientos y actitudes ancestrales a fin de resolverlas, por ser el medio más inmediato. Objetivo: Interpretar las actitudes en el uso de plantas para el tratamiento de algunos eventos ginecológicos, de las mujeres andinas procedentes de la provincia de Hualgayoc, Perú. Materiales y métodos: Estudio cualitativo, exploratorio, de diseño fenomenológico ­ hermenéutico, desarrollado con 16 mujeres andinas, mediante una entrevista semiestructurada, en base a una guía de entrevista con validez de contenido óptima. Los resultados emergieron a partir de la codificación abierta, axial y selectiva y se presentan organizados en subcategorías y categorías. Resultados: Las categorías obtenidas fueron las actitudes favorables hacia la utilización de plantas y las situaciones ginecológicas para su uso, entre las subcategorías están: complacencia por los efectos alcanzados, seguridad para continuar usándolas, aptitud para aconsejar su uso, saberes sobre sus acciones terapéuticas, eventos para su utilización y formas de preparación de las plantas. Discusión: Diversos estudios internacionales convergen en actitudes similares, que se manifiestan en una mayor confianza en la medicina tradicional, conductas favorables de aceptación, convicción en sus efectos, proyección anímica de mejora y disposición para continuar con su uso. Conclusión: Las mujeres mostraron su satisfacción por los resultados obtenidos con el uso de plantas medicinales, al ser beneficiosas, oriundas de su zona y no generar gasto, su uso frecuente fue para paliar dolores durante la menstruación, infecciones de la vagina y trabajo de parto

Introduction: Diseases often represent physiological changes that require immediate action depending on the severity. Faced with these changes, Andean women put into practice their ancestral knowledge and attitudes to find a solution, as they are the most immediate means at their disposal. Objective: To interpret the attitudes of Andean women in the province of Hualgayoc, Peru, towards using plants for treating some gynecological events. Materials and Methods: A qualitative, exploratory, hermeneutic phenomenological design study was conducted with 16 Andean women through a semi-structured interview based on an interview guide with optimal content validity. The results emerged from open, axial, and selective coding and were organized into subcategories and categories. Results: The categories obtained were favorable attitudes towards using plants and gynecological situations for using plants. The subcategories include satisfaction with the results achieved, safety to continue using plants, aptitude to advise on the use of plants, knowledge of plant's therapeutic effects, events for using plants, and methods of preparing them. Discussion: Several international studies converge on similar attitudes, manifested in greater trust in traditional medicine, favorable acceptance behavior, belief in its effects, a mental projection of getting well, and willingness to continue its use. Conclusion: The women were satisfied with the results obtained from the use of medicinal plants because they were beneficial, indigenous to their region, and did not involve any expense. The frequent use of plants was to alleviate pain during menstruation, vaginal infections, and labor.

Introdução: As doenças frequentemente constituem alterações fisiológicas que requerem ações iminentes de acordo com sua gravidade, diante disso, as mulheres andinas colocam em prática seus conhecimentos e atitudes ancestrais para resolvê-las, pois este é o meio mais imediato. Objetivo: Interpretar as atitudes das mulheres andinas da província de Hualgayoc, Peru, em relação ao uso de plantas para o tratamento de alguns eventos ginecológicos. Materiais e Métodos: Estudo qualitativo, exploratório, fenomenológico-hermenêutico, desenvolvido com 16 mulheres andinas, por meio de uma entrevista semiestruturada, baseada em um guia de entrevista com validade de conteúdo ideal. Os resultados emergiram de uma codificação aberta, axial e seletiva e são apresentados organizados em subcategorias e categorias. Resultados: As categorias obtidas foram atitudes favoráveis ao uso de plantas e situações ginecológicas para seu uso, entre as subcategorias estão: satisfação com os efeitos alcançados, segurança para continuar usando-as, aptidão para aconselhar seu uso, conhecimento sobre suas ações terapêuticas, eventos para seu uso e formas de preparar as plantas. Discussão: Vários estudos internacionais convergem em atitudes semelhantes, que se manifestam em uma maior confiança na medicina tradicional, comportamentos favoráveis de aceitação, convicção em seus efeitos, projeção de melhoria do humor e disposição para continuar com seu uso. Conclusão: As mulheres ficaram satisfeitas com os resultados obtidos com o uso de plantas medicinais, pois elas são benéficas, nativas de sua área e não geram gastos; seu uso frequente foi para aliviar a dor durante a menstruação, infecções vaginais e parto.

Percepción de los estudiantes sobre el consumo de drogas psicoactivas en su universidad / Perception of Students Regarding Psychoactive Drug Use at Their University / Percepção de estudantes sobre o consumo de drogas psicoativas na universidade

entre los jóvenes universitarios se ha observado una tolerancia creciente hacia el consumo de drogas, debido ­entre otros factores­ a una reducción en la percepción de riesgo, que puede con-tribuir a la normalización del consumo. El objetivo fue analizar la percepción de los estudiantes de unauniversidad pública mexicana sobre la situación y la gravedad del consumo de drogas en su institución mediante diversos indicadores. Materiales y métodos: se analizó la base de datos derivada de la aplica-ción del Cuestionario sobre Consumo de Drogas en Estudiantes Universitarios (codeu-3), en el que partici-paron 19 815 estudiantes; se realizaron comparaciones según sexo y área académica utilizando pruebas de chi-cuadrado y el análisis post hoc de Bonferroni. Resultados: las mujeres indicaron tener una menor percepción de riesgo que los hombres sobre las variables analizadas (percepción de los participantes sobre el consumo de drogas en su facultad, venta y gravedad del consumo de drogas, según sexo y área académica y conductas de docentes y estudiantes que facilitan el consumo de alcohol y la postura de las autoridades universitarias ante estudiantes consumidores, según sexo y área académica). Conclusión: los resultados muestran diferencias en la percepción de hombres y mujeres, así como las diferencias asociadas con la adscripción de los estudiantes en las distintas áreas académicas, por lo que se sugiere profundizar el estudio de estos aspectos.

There is a growing tolerance toward drug use among university students due to a reduction in the perception of risk, which is considered as those judgments or intuitions held regarding the danger of a situation that can contribute to the normalization of consumption. This study aimed to analyze the perception of the students at a Mexican public university toward the situation and seriousness of drug use in the university using various indicators. Materials and methods: The database derived from the application of the Questionnaire on Drug Use in University Students (codeu-2 by its name in Spanish), in which 19,815 students from a Mexican public university participated, was analyzed, and comparisons were made according to gender and academic area using chi-squared tests and Bonferroni's post hocanalysis. Results: Women were reported to have a lower perception of risk than men on the variables analyzed (participants' perception of drug use in their faculty, sale and severity of drug use, according to gender and academic area, and behaviors of teachers and students that facilitate alcohol use and the position of university authorities towards student consumers, according to gender and academic area). Conclusion: The results indicated the importance of studying in greater depth the differences in the perception of men and women, as well as their affiliation in the different academic areas.

tem-se observado entre os jovens universitários uma crescente tolerância ao uso de dro-gas, devido à redução da percepção de risco, que é considerada como aqueles julgamentos ou intuições que se fazem sobre o perigo de uma situação, o que pode contribuir para a normalização do consumo. O objetivo do estudo foi analisar a percepção dos estudantes de uma universidade pública mexicana sobre a situação e a gravidade do uso de drogas em sua instituição por meio de vários indicadores. Materiais e métodos: analisou-se a base de dados derivada da aplicação do Questionário de Uso de Drogas em Estudantes Universitários (codeu-2), do qual participaram 19,815 estudantes; as comparações foram feitas de acordo com o gênero e a área acadêmica por meio de testes de qui-quadrado e análise post hoc de Bonferroni. Resultados: as mulheres relataram menor percepção de risco do que os homens nas variáveis analisadas (percepção dos participantes sobre o uso de drogas na faculdade, venda e gravidade do uso de drogas, por gênero e área acadêmica, e comportamentos de professores e alunos que facilitam o consumo de álcool e a atitude das autoridades universitárias perante estudantes consumidores, de acordo com o gênero e área acadêmica). Conclusão: os resultados mostram diferenças na percepção de homens e mulheres, bem como as diferenças associadas à inserção dos alunos nas diferentes áreas acadêmicas, para o que se sugere aprofundar o estudo desses aspectos.

Knowledge, attitudes, and practices on teledermatology among dermatologists in the Philippines

Background@#Teledermatology has been widely used during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic to overcome barriers in access to care. The objective of this study was to assess the current knowledge, attitudes, and practices regarding teledermatology among dermatologists in the Philippines.@*Materials and Methods@#This was a cross-sectional and analytical study conducted from January 2022 to April 2022, among Filipino dermatologists using a self-administered online questionnaire. Descriptive statistics was used to summarize the demographics of the participants. The two-sample t-test, Chi-square test, and multiple logistic regression model were used to analyze the data.@*Results@#Out of 113 respondents, 108 (95.5%) had adequate knowledge and a positive attitude toward teledermatology. The majority (110/113, 97.35%) practiced teledermatology. The most commonly used platform was instant messaging applications(78/100, 70.91%), and the most common factor that influenced their practice was patient demands or needs(74/110, 67.27%). Those who did not practice teledermatology cited technological difficulties as the main reason.@*Conclusion@#Teledermatology was widely used by Filipino dermatologists to provide remote care during the COVID-19 pandemic. However, to fully utilize its potential and limit potential issues associated with its use even after the pandemic, continuous training and education among dermatologists and a more enabling technological environment may be needed.

Assessment of attitude and practices toward breaking the bad news among physicians in a national tertiary government hospital for infectious diseases from October 2020 to October 2021

Background@#Delivering bad news to patients is one of the most difficult tasks of physicians that play a big role in the process of treatment and cooperation of patients. Patients generally have the right to be informed of their condition, but the debate over the importance of the attitude of telling the truth is still an issue. @*Objective@#This study aimed to understand the attitude and practices toward breaking the bad news among physicians in a National Tertiary Government Hospital for infectious Diseases from October 2020 to October 2021.@*Methods@#This cross-sectional study was conducted at the San Lazaro Hospital from October 2020 to October 2021. A self-administered questionnaire was adapted to elicit information on physicians’ knowledge and practices about breaking bad news to patients and their families. Inclusion criteria included all the practicing physicians assigned in the clinical areas either full time or part time medical specialists, residents and fellows and hospitalist in San Lazaro Hospital. Physicians who were assigned in the non-clinical areas and did not see or handle patients and non-employees of the institution and who refused to sign the informed consent were excluded. Total Purposive Sampling was utilized. Data were gathered using a validated 3-part 34 item personally administered questionnaire and was presented in Descriptive Statistics Frequency distribution for the demographics, ANOVA, Linear regression analysis.@*Results@#A total of 100 participants was included and based on socio-demographic characteristics of respondents toward breaking the bad news. Majority of the respondents were aged 35 – 54 years old with 52 or 52%, female with 69 or 69%, were fellows with 41 or 41%, specialty was Family Medicine with 36 or 36%, and majority of the respondent’s qualification was GP with training with 46 or 46%. The study revealed that sex (t = -2.070, p = 0.042) had significant association to the attitude and practices toward breaking the bad news among practicing physicians at 0.05 level of significance. Thus, male respondents has had higher attitude and practices toward breaking the bad news as compare to female respondents. @*Conclusion@#According to the findings of this study, clinicians at San Lazaro Hospital demonstrated a good attitude and practice regarding breaking the bad news between October 2020 and October 2021. The researcher believed want to help their patients, and most of them have the necessary knowledge and skills for breaking bad news.

Relationship of awareness, knowledge, attitude and skills in telemedicine among resident physicians in a tertiary government hospital in Las Piñas City: A cross sectional study

Background@#During the COVID-19 pandemic, the advent of telemedicine was significantly utilized in providing continuous healthcare. Various studies showed that it is an effective way of health care delivery in any specialty cases such as in Pediatrics, Obstetrics & Gynecology, Medicine and Surgery. Recently, there’s an increase in utilization of the Awareness, Knowledge, Attitude & Skills (AKAS) Surveys in health care research but there’s paucity of data regarding its use in telemedicine. @*Objective@#The main objective of this study was to assess the awareness, knowledge, attitude and skills regarding telemedicine and correlate it to the various demographics among the resident physicians. @*Methods@#This is an analytical cross-sectional study utilizing an adopted, validated and self-administered questionnaire. A total of 37 resident physicians from different specialties were included in the study. @*Results@#This study showed that the resident physicians have high awareness, knowledge and attitude but with average skills regarding telemedicine. This study also found out that there is a significant association between their awareness and year level, knowledge and computer & internet skills, attitude and residency specialty & formal training regarding telemedicine, skills and computer & internet skills and time of exposure to telemedicine. Lastly, there’s an association between the total AKAS scores and time of exposure to telemedicine. All of which have moderate degrees of association. @*Conclusions@#Telemedicine, although novel, is very important specially this time of pandemic. After knowing that there’s significant association between the AKAS scores of resident physicians, the conduct of telemedicine should be guided by these especially in terms of policy making. It is recommended to have formal skills training in conducting telemedicine to all the resident physicians. It is also recommended to have a better internet connection and updated computer specifications in line with the current guidelines to be able to effectively deliver health care through telemedicine.

Perceived knowledge, attitude and readiness to accept towards COVID-19 vaccine among health care staffs in a tertiary government hospital

Introduction@#Fear and concern over vaccine safety are the most common reasons for vaccine hesitancy. During the COVID-19 pandemic, healthcare staff are among those at high risk of contracting the virus. They are also the public’s vital source of information and in providing trust regarding COVID-19 vaccines. This study was conducted to assess perception, attitude, and vaccination acceptance towards COVID-19 vaccines among healthcare staff at Eastern Visayas Regional Medical (EVMC).@*Objective@#To assess the perceived knowledge, attitude, and readiness to accept COVID-19 Vaccines among Eastern Visayas Regional Medical Center (EVMC) healthcare staff.@*Methods@#This analytic cross-sectional study included all medical and allied personnel employed at EVMC. Data were collected with signed consent through self-administration of a researcher-developed validated questionnaire, subsequently analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics.@*Results@#About 634 participated, many belonged to the age group 30-39 years old (47.8%), mostly female (66.3%), single (50 %), and Roman Catholic (89.4%). Data showed no significant relationship between age, sex, marital status, religion, and the presence of chronic illness of the healthcare staff towards perceived knowledge, attitude, and readiness towards the COVID-19 vaccine. However, their clinical role was noted as significant towards their perceived knowledge and attitude (p-value = <.001). Overall, the healthcare staff response showed a moderate to high perceived knowledge and attitude about COVID-19 vaccine acceptance (p-value= <.001).@*Conclusions@#Notably, the clinical role of healthcare staff is significantly related to their perceived knowledge and attitude towards the COVID-19 vaccine. Moreover, they manifested moderate to high levels of perceived knowledge, attitude, and COVID-19 vaccine acceptance. These results may help address COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy, thus strengthen vaccine confidence among the general population. Furthermore, it provides inputs to create strategies that will enhance vaccine literacy and acceptance, directly addressing the community’s concerns and misconceptions, particularly those vulnerable groups that may easily contract severe infection.

Attitudes and perceptions of Filipino clinicians and pathologists towards the autopsy as a medical tool

Background@#Globally, autopsy rates have been continually declining over the course of several years. Previous studies have shown that the perception of pathologists and clinicians may serve as significant factors which may affect the performance of autopsy and contribute to its decreased rate. This study was conducted to determine the attitudes and perceptions of Filipino clinicians and pathologists toward the autopsy as a medical tool.@*Methodology@#This is a cross-sectional descriptive survey of two groups of physicians. Forty-four (n = 44) pathologists nationwide and thirty-three (n = 33) clinicians from Central Visayas participated in the study. A total of seventy-seven (n = 77) physicians completed a survey using a standardized online questionnaire.@*Results@#Of the 77 respondents, 94% of clinicians and 75% of pathologists believed that autopsies could provide relevant findings that could change future clinical practice. Despite this, only 6% of clinicians and 20% of pathologists indicated that the number of autopsy cases in their institutions was sufficient. With regards to their practice, pathologists most strongly agreed (mean = 4.30) that material for medico-legal autopsies should be readily available for teaching and research. However, they most strongly disagreed (mean = 2.00) that residents receive adequate training in performing medico-legal autopsies. The two groups of physicians surveyed determined that there is a deficiency in the number of autopsy cases. This is further influenced by clinicians’ concerns about litigation, religious/superstitious beliefs, and the delay in releasing autopsy results. Furthermore, pathologists specified that performing autopsies was excessively time-consuming with an unjustifiable cost. Sixty-two percent of the pathologists signified more strongly than the clinicians that modern diagnostic techniques have diminished the need to perform hospital autopsies. Nonetheless, 86% of Filipino physicians acknowledged that the autopsy is an important medical tool that should be performed for patients with unknown diagnoses and unexpected death. The number of observed and/or performed autopsy cases was a major factor that affected the pathologists’ attitudes and perceptions toward autopsy.@*Conclusion@#In general, there is recognition of the autopsy’s usefulness as a medical tool among the pathologists and clinicians surveyed. However, the lack of cases referred for autopsy remains a challenge undermining the benefits that are derived from its performance.

Knowledge and attitudes towards COVID-19 infection and anxiety levels of Nigerian youths regarding the COVID-19 pandemic

Objectives@#Youths can function as agents of change by disseminating essential information, but they are also considered a vulnerable group in the COVID-19 pandemic. Literature on COVID-related knowledge, attitude, and anxiety has not focused comprehensively on youths. This study assesses the knowledge, attitudes, and anxiety level of youths in eastern Nigeria during the COVID-19 pandemic.@*Methods@#We conducted a descriptive cross-sectional study using an online survey among young people between the ages of 18 and 35 years in southeastern Nigeria during the COVID-19 pandemic. We analyzed data using the Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) version 25 software. We used descriptive statistics, the Chi-square test, and bivariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses to measure the associations. A p-value of < 0.05 was considered statistically significant at a 95 percent confidence level.@*Results@#We included 397 participants. Majority of the study participants (88%) had a high level of knowledge about COVID-19. Around 68% showed a good attitude toward COVID-19 prevention, overall low anxiety related to the COVID-19 pandemic was proportionally higher at 57.43%. Knowledge and educational level were statistically significantly associated with anxiety levels related to the COVID-19 pandemic. @*Conclusion@#The young adults had a good knowledge of the COVID-19 transmission and symptoms, positive attitude, and low anxiety levels. Those with higher educational levels had good knowledge and lower anxiety level. Public health and mental health experts can use this material to help reduce high levels of anxiety among the vulnerable population affected by the pandemic.

Pediatrician knowledge, attitude and practices on children’s oral health in a tertiary public hospital in the Philippines: A descriptive study

Background@#Dental caries is a tolerated and overlooked chronic disease in the Philippines. The 2018 National Survey on Oral Health of the Department of Health found that 85.2% of Filipino children aged five years old have dental caries. Prevention and management of this disease can be established early with better collaborations between dental professionals and pediatricians who generally see children promptly in their well-baby check-ups.@*Objective@#The study aimed to evaluate pediatricians' knowledge, attitude, and practices on dental caries prevention among their child patients.@*Method@#A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted in March 2017 among pediatricians working in a tertiary public hospital in Metro Manila through a self-administered questionnaire. The questionnaire gathered data on knowledge about dental caries prevention, attitude towards the importance of dental screening and oral hygiene instructions, and dental health practices.@*Results@#Among the 122 participants, 67.8% scored high in the oral health knowledge part, 85.0% revealed a positive attitude toward dental caries prevention, and many claimed that they frequently included dental caries risk assessment and preventive oral health education in their clinical practices.@*Conclusion@#Most pediatricians had high knowledge and a positive attitude toward dental caries prevention, although responses varied in the practice component. It will be valuable to continue improving the oral health proficiency of pediatricians to benefit early dental caries prevention in young patients.

Knowledge, attitudes, and practices regarding menopause among female employees aged 45 years old and above in a tertiary government hospital

Background@#Studies show that employers and healthcare practitioners should be aware of the difficulties women experience during menopause. Cultural norms and social influences may affect each woman’s experience during menopause.@*Objective@#This study aimed to assess the knowledge, attitudes, and practices regarding menopause among female employees working in a tertiary government hospital. @*Methods@#This is a descriptive, observational, cross-sectional research design, that used a validated and reliable questionnaire.@*Results@#The mean age of respondents was 51.75±5.06 years. Majority of the respondents belong to the Nursing Department, followed by the Allied Health (30%), Medical (21%) and Administrative Department (9%). Overall, they had a High Level of Knowledge (Mean = 7.59), a Strongly Evident Attitude (Mean = 3.85), and Highly Manifested Practices (Mean=3.85) regarding menopause.@*Conclusion@#With the knowledge that the respondents have on menopause, the attitude that these women have become is strongly evident. Women who have adequate knowledge on menopause are able to tolerate its complications with a positive attitude and approach. This knowledge also highly manifested in their practices.

Effects of COVID-19 fear and anxiety on attitudes towards complementary and alternative medicine use in women with gynecological cancer during the COVID-19 pandemic / 中西医结合学报

OBJECTIVE@#Patients with gynecological cancer commonly use complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) methods to cope with the disease. However, despite the existence of treatment strategies, the effect of fear and anxiety caused by coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic on attitudes about CAM use is unclear. This study was carried out to investigate the effect of fear and anxiety experienced by patients with gynecological cancer during the COVID-19 pandemic on their attitudes towards the use of CAM.@*METHODS@#This is a cross-sectional and descriptive study that included 177 women with gynecological cancer; participants were recruited from a social networking site for cancer patients in Turkey between June and December 2021. Data were collected using an online survey that included the Personal Information Form, the Fear of COVID-19 Scale, the Coronavirus Anxiety Scale, and the Attitude Towards Holistic Complementary and Alternative Medicine Scale. Descriptive statistics, t-test, Pearson's correlation test, and simple linear and multiple regression analyses were performed to analyze the data.@*RESULTS@#During the pandemic, 55.4% of the participants reported using CAM methods, but only 22.6% were using CAM before the pandemic. The participants who used CAM during the pandemic also scored higher on the fear of COVID-19 and coronavirus anxiety scales (20.69 ± 5.37 and 13.09 ± 6.29, respectively) compared to the participants who did not use CAM (9.29 ± 2.72 and 6.35 ± 2.06, respectively). Fear of COVID-19 accounted for 52% of the CAM attitude score, while coronavirus anxiety accounted for 15% of the CAM attitude score. Fear of COVID-19 and coronavirus anxiety together accounted for 53% of CAM attitude.@*CONCLUSION@#Gynecological cancer patients with high levels of COVID-19-related anxiety and fear during the pandemic used CAM more. Given that the psychological effects of the pandemic will continue in the coming years, CAM use should be evaluated as a coping strategy, especially due to the COVID-19-related anxiety and fear experienced by patients with gynecological cancer. While the rational and effective CAM methods should be supported, strategies should be developed to prevent misuse of CAM and its interference in prescribed medical treatments. Please cite this article as: Uslu-Sahan F, Yesilcınar I, Kurt G, Hancer E, Guvenc G. Effects of COVID-19 fear and anxiety on attitudes towards complementary and alternative medicine use in women with gynecological cancer during the COVID-19 pandemic. J Integr Med. 2023; 21(4): 377-384.

Resolução de conflitos familiares por adolescentes e defesa do domínio pessoal / Adolescents' family conflict resolution and defense of personal domain / Resolución de conflictos familiares por adolescentes y defensa del dominio personal

Compreender as estratégias de resolução de conflitos utilizadas por adolescentes na relação com seus pais é fundamental para entender como ocorre seu desenvolvimento saudável. Este artigo investigou a resolução de conflitos de adolescentes em situações de confronto entre o seu domínio pessoal e o controle parental. 36 adolescentes com idades entre 15 e 17 anos, divididos igualmente conforme o sexo, responderam a uma entrevista semiestruturada, que continha quatro situações de conflito hipotéticas. Os dados foram submetidos à análise de conteúdo semântica e a testes não paramétricos. Os resultados foram categorizados em sete estratégias: Assunção de culpa, Submissão, Mentira, Hostilidade, Diálogo/Explicação, Negociação e Outra. A forma predominante de resolução utilizada foi o Diálogo/Explicação, considerada como uma forma recorrente de defender o domínio pessoal. Foram encontradas diferenças em relação ao sexo dos participantes e à situação hipotética. Por fim, os resultados são discutidos em termos de grau de autonomia e tipo de defesa do domínio pessoal.(AU)

Understanding the conflict resolution strategies used by adolescents in their relationship with their parents is fundamental to understanding how their healthy development occurs. This article investigated the resolution of conflicts by adolescents in confrontation situations between their personal domain and parental control. A total of 36 adolescents, aged 15 to 17 years, divided equally according to sex, answered a semi-structured interview that contained four hypothetical conflict situations. Data were subjected to semantic content analysis and non-parametric tests. The results were categorized into seven strategies: Assumption of Guilt, Submission, Lie, Hostility, Dialogue/Explanation, Negotiation, and Other. The predominant form of resolution used was Dialogue/Explanation, considered a recurrent form of defense of the personal domain. Differences were found depending on the participants' gender and the hypothetical situation. Finally, the results are discussed regarding the degree of autonomy and type of defense of the personal domain.(AU)

Enterarse de las estrategias de resolución de conflictos que los adolescentes utilizan en la relación con sus padres es fundamental para comprender cómo ocurre el desarrollo saludable de los adolescentes. A partir de una entrevista semiestructurada, presentamos cuatro situaciones hipotéticas de conflicto que fueron analizadas y respondidas por 36 adolescentes de entre 15 y 17 años, divididos según el género. Los datos se sometieron a un análisis de contenido semántico y a pruebas no paramétricas. Los resultados se categorizaron en siete estrategias de resolución de conflictos: Asunción de culpa, Sumisión, Mentira, Hostilidad, Diálogo/Explicación, Negociación y Otros. La forma de resolución más utilizada fue Diálogo/Explicación, y esta categoría fue una forma de defensa del dominio personal. Asimismo, se encontraron diferencias en función del género de los participantes y conforme la situación hipotética. Los resultados se discuten en términos de grado de autonomía y tipo de defensa del dominio personal.(AU)

Tiros na escola: algumas referências para a psicologia na assistência à comunidade escolar / School shotting: some references for psychology in school comunity support / Tíros em la escuela: algunas referencias para la psicología em la asistencia à comunidad escolar

A atuação em situações de emergências e desastres apresentam-se como um dos grandes desafios na atuação dos profissionais da Psicologia, demandando intervenções singulares, desde o primeiro contato com as vítimas e o com entorno afetado pelo ocorrido, passando pelo trabalho interdisciplinar e interinstitucional junto aos órgãos públicos de segurança, justiça, assistência e saúde. O presente artigo tem como objetivo apresentar, por meio da experiência na assistência às vítimas na Escola Estadual Raul Brasil, as particularidades e adversidades enfrentadas durante o primeiro semestre de intervenções emergenciais que antecederam a contratação de psicólogos por parte do poder público municipal para continuidade das ações. Por meio de relatos de experiência em intervenções psicológicas, obtidos em diferentes instituições para a assistência às vítimas, este trabalho também visa apresentar alternativas que possam servir de referências para a intervenção do psicólogo e da psicóloga em situações de emergências e desastres, especialmente ocorridas na comunidade escolar. Observou-se que a realização do trabalho interdisciplinar e interinstitucional somado à participação da direção da escola no planejamento das ações e a realização de plantões psicológicos e rodas de conversa junto à comunidade escolar foram fundamentais para a assistência às vítimas do ocorrido.(AU)

Timely response to emergency and disaster situations is a major challenge for Psychology professionals and require particular interventions, from initial contact with the victims and the affected environment to interdisciplinary and interinstitutional collaboration with public security, justice, assistance and health agencies. Based on the experience of providing assistance to the victims of the State School Raul Brasil, this paper presents the adversities and specificities faced during the first semester of emergency interventions implemented before psychologists were hired by municipal officials for the continuity of care. By analyzing experience reports on psychological interventions obtained from different institutions for victim assistance, this paper proposes alternatives to be used as reference for psychological intervention in emergency and disaster situations, especially those experienced by the school community. Interdisciplinary and interinstitutional collaboration with the school board for planning actions and offering psychological services and conversation circles for the school community was fundamental to assist the victims.(AU)

La actuación en situaciones de emergencias es uno de los grandes desafíos a los profesionales de la psicología, pues demanda intervenciones singulares desde el primer contacto con las víctimas y con el contexto afectado por lo ocurrido, pasando por la interdisciplinaridad e interinstitucionalidad junto a los organismos públicos de seguridad, justicia, asistencia y salud. Este artículo tiene como objetivo presentar, por medio de la experiencia de la asistencia a las víctimas del colegio estadual Raul Brasil (en São Paulo, Brasil), las particularidades y adversidades enfrentadas durante el primer semestre de las intervenciones de emergencia que antecedieron la contratación de psicólogos por parte del municipio para continuidad de las acciones. Por medio de reportes de experiencia en intervenciones psicológicas, obtenidos en diferentes instituciones para la asistencia a las víctimas, este estudio también pretende presentar alternativas que puedan servir de referencia en la intervención de psicólogos y psicólogas en situaciones de emergencia y desastres, especialmente ocurridas en la comunidad escolar. Se verificó que la realización del trabajo interdisciplinar e interinstitucional, la participación de la dirección del colegio en la implementación de acciones y la realización de guardias psicológicas y círculos de conversación con la comunidad escolar fueron fundamentales para una asistencia a las víctimas.(AU)

Adaptação acadêmica em universitários / Academic adaptation in university students / Adaptación académica en estudiantes universitários

O objetivo do estudo foi investigar o impacto das variáveis habilidades sociais, resolução de problemas sociais, automonitoria, autoeficácia e coping na adaptação acadêmica em estudantes de instituições de ensino superior públicas e privadas. Participaram 637 estudantes de ambos os sexos, sendo 36,5% (115) homens de instituições públicas e 22,3% (72) de instituições privadas, com idade variando entre 18 e 38 anos (M=24,7; DP=6,3), de diferentes graduações. Foram utilizados o Inventário de Resolução de Problemas Sociais, o Inventário de Habilidades Sociais, a Escala de Automonitoria, a Escala de Autoeficácia Acadêmica de Estudantes do Ensino Superior, o Inventário de Estratégias de Coping e o Questionário de Vivências Acadêmicas-reduzido. A autoeficácia na gestão acadêmica (40,9%) e a autoafirmação na expressão de afeto positivo (13,7%) apresentaram maior impacto para os estudantes de instituições públicas e privadas, podendo contribuir com possíveis intervenções no processo de adaptação ao ensino superior. Pesquisas prospectivas podem investigar questões relacionadas a dados sociodemográficos.(AU)

The aim of the study was to investigate the impact of the variables Social Skills, Resolution of Social Problems, Self-monitoring, Self-efficacy and Coping on Academic Adaptation in students from public and private higher education institutions. 637 students of both sexes participated, being 36.5% (115) men from public institutions and 22.3% (72) from private institutions, aged between 18 to 38 years (M = 24.7; SD = 6.3), of different grades. The Social Problem Solving Inventory, the Social Skills Inventory, the Self-Monitring Scale, the Higher Education Students' Academic Self-Efficacy Scale, the Coping Strategies Inventory and the Academic Experiences-Reduced Questionnaire were used. Self-efficacy in Academic Management (40.9%) and Self-affirmation in the Expression of Positive Affection (13.7%) had a greater impact on students from public and private institutions, which may contribute to possible interventions in the process of adapting to Higher Education. Prospective research can investigate issues related to sociodemographic data.(AU)

El objetivo del estudio fue investigar el impacto de las variables Habilidades sociales, Resolución de problemas sociales, Autocontrol, Autoeficacia y Afrontamiento en la adaptación académica en estudiantes de instituciones de educación superior públicas y privadas. Participaron 637 estudiantes de ambos sexos, siendo 36,5% (115) hombres de instituciones públicas y 22,3% (72) de instituciones privadas, con edades entre 18 y 38 años (M = 24,7; SD = 6,3), de diferentes grados. Se utilizaron el Inventario de Resolución de Problemas Sociales, el Inventario de Habilidades Sociales, la Escala de Autocontrol, la Escala de Autoeficacia Académica de los Estudiantes de Educación Superior, el Inventario de Estrategias de Afrontamiento y el Cuestionario de Experiencias Académicas Reducidas. La Autoeficacia en la Gestión Académica (40,9%) y la Autoafirmación en la Expresión de Afecto Positivo (13,7%) tuvieron un mayor impacto en los estudiantes de instituciones públicas y privadas, lo que puede contribuir a posibles intervenciones en el proceso de adaptación a la Educación Superior. La investigación prospectiva puede investigar cuestiones relacionadas con los datos sociodemográficos.(AU)

Inventory of parenting systems and styles: a measure for early childhood / Inventário de sistemas e estilos parentais: uma medida para a primeira infância / Inventario de estilos y sistemas de crianza: una medida para la primera infância

The Component Model of Parenting (CMP), from an evolutionary perspective, proposes a phylogenetically evolved repertoire of six systems (body contact, body stimulation, face-to-face exchange, object stimulation, and primary care) and two parenting styles (distal and proximal) by combining some of these systems. We developed the Inventory of Parenting Systems and Styles (ISEP) and applied it to hospitals and schools to analyze its psychometric properties. The parenting measure analysis we propose evolved 70 primary caregivers of young children with a mean age of 22.44 months. ISEP consists of 26 daily situations and assesses the most common parenting practices caregivers adopted in each one of them. Besides, we created a Coding Guide to Parenting Practice. It enabled us to classify each response according to the CMP systems. We found a variance of 84.67% and 95.55% in codification agreement between expert judges and a significant intraclass correlation coefficient for all parenting systems, which discloses validity evidence on the response process of the inventory. Our analyses indicated the occurrence of all parental systems, with a prevalence of narrative envelope and body stimulation. Cluster analysis revealed two clusters, one formed by proximal style and another by distal style, in accordance with the interactions of the system, representing a validity of evidence based on the internal structure of the instrument. ISEP provides reasonable measures for research and professional practice in Psychology. Further research with more extensive and diverse samples is necessary to refine the instrument and, especially its guide.(AU)

O Modelo de Componentes da Parentalidade (MCP) da perspectiva evolucionista propõe seis sistemas - contato corporal, estimulação corporal, contato face a face, estimulação por objeto, envelope narrativo e cuidado primário - universais e filogeneticamente evoluídos, e dois estilos parentais - distal e proximal - oriundos da combinação de alguns desses sistemas. Para analisar propriedades psicométricas de uma medida de parentalidade, o Inventário de Sistemas e Estilos Parentais (ISEP) foi aplicado em contexto escolar e hospitalar, em 70 cuidadores primários de crianças com idade média de 24,44 meses. O ISEP, construído para este estudo, apresenta 26 situações cotidianas e solicita que cuidadores indiquem a prática parental mais comumente adotada em cada uma delas, e cada resposta foi classificada em um dos sistemas do MCP por um Guia de Codificação de Práticas Parentais. A concordância entre juízes com a codificação variou entre 84,67% e 95,55%, e os coeficientes de correlação intraclasse foram significativos para todos os sistemas de parentalidade, representando uma evidência de validade por processo de resposta do inventário. As análises indicaram a ocorrência de todos os sistemas parentais, com predominância de envelope narrativo e estimulação corporal. Uma análise de cluster formou dois conglomerados, um derivando o estilo proximal e outro o estilo distal, de acordo com a interação entre os sistemas, constituindo uma evidência de validade baseada na estrutura interna do instrumento. O ISEP mostrou ser uma medida promissora para a pesquisa e a prática profissional em Psicologia. Outras pesquisas com amostras mais amplas e diversificadas são necessárias para refinamento do instrumento e do guia.(AU)

El Modelo Componencial del Parentaje (MCP), desde una perspectiva evolutiva, propone seis sistemas (contacto corporal, estimulación corporal, contacto cara a cara, estimulación con objetos, envoltura narrativa y atención primaria), universales y filogenéticamente evolucionados, así como dos estilos parentales (distal y proximal) que se originan combinando algunos de ellos. Para analizar las propiedades psicométricas de una medida parental, se aplicó el Inventario de Estilos y Sistemas de Crianza (ISEP), en el contexto escolar y hospitalario, a 70 cuidadores primarios de niños con una edad media de 24,44 meses. El ISEP fue construido para el presente estudio, presenta 26 situaciones cotidianas y crianza los cuidadores deben indicar la práctica parental más común adoptada en cada una de ellas. Una Guía de Codificación de Prácticas Parentales permite clasificar cada respuesta en uno de los sistemas del MCP. La concordancia entre los jueces con la codificación varió entre 84,67% y 95,55% y los coeficientes de inter-correlación en todos los sistemas parentales fueron significativos, evidenciando su validez por el proceso de respuesta al inventario. Los análisis indicaron la ocurrencia de todos los sistemas parentales, con predominio de envoltura narrativa y estimulación corporal. Un análisis de clusters formó dos conglomerados, derivando el estilo proximal y el estilo distal, según la interacción entre los sistemas, constituyendo evidencia de validez basada en la estructura interna del instrumento. El ISEP demostró ser una medida valida y fiable para la investigación y la práctica profesional en Psicología. Se necesita más investigación con muestras más grandes y diversificadas para perfeccionar el instrumento.(AU)