الملخص
ABSTRACT Purpose: To evaluate the rate of cystoid macular edema development among cataract surgery patients on four different therapeutic regimens. Methods: The present study is a retrospective analysis of 5,380 eyes following uncomplicated phacoemulsification at Wake Forest University. The study period went from July 2007 to December 2012. Patients received one of four regimens, as follows: postoperative generic ketorolac 0.4% and prednisolone 1%, postoperative name-brand ketorolac 0.45% and prednisolone 1%, postoperative bromfenac 0.09% and prednisolone 1%, preoperative and postoperative bromfenac 0.09% alone. A statistical analysis was performed to assess the differences in rate of cystoid macular edema development among the four different therapeutic regimens. The diagnosis of cystoid macular edema required worsening of vision and evidence of increased macular thickness on optical coherence tomography. Results: The overall rate of cystoid macular edema was 0.82%. Treatment by postoperative generic ketorolac 0.45% and prednisolone 1% demonstrated the highest rate of cystoid macular edema development (2.20% of the cases). Postoperative name-brand ketorolac 0.45% and prednisolone 1% exhibited intermediate rates of cystoid macular edema development (0.90% of the cases). Postoperative administration of bromfenac 0.09% and prednisolone 1% exhibited intermediate rates of cystoid macular edema development (0.44% of the cases). Preoperative and postoperative bromfenac 0.09% alone resulted in the lowest rate of cystoid macular edema development (0.09% of the cases). The rate of cystoid macular edema was significantly lower when bromfenac was used alone vs. either regimen where ketorolac and prednisolone were used (OR 0.043, 95% CI 0.002 to 0.312; p<0.001). Conclusions: Post-cataract surgery cystoid macular edema developed less frequently following topical non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs regimen compared to the other therapies evaluated. Bromfenac, without corticosteroids, achieved lower rates of cystoid macular edema vs. various combinations of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs with corticosteroids.
RESUMO Objetivo: Avaliar a taxa de desenvolvimento do edema macular cistóide em pacientes submetidos à cirurgia de catarata em quatro esquemas terapêuticos diferentes. Métodos: O presente estudo é uma análise retrospectiva de 5.380 olhos após facoemulsificação não complicada na Wake Forest University. O período do estudo foi entre julho de 2007 e dezembro de 2012. Os pacientes receberam um dos quatro esquemas: cetorolaco genérico pós-operatório 0,4% e prednisolona 1%, cetorolaco 0,45% pós-operatório e prednisolona 1%, bromfenac 0,09% e a prednisolona 1% pós-operatório, bromfenaco 0,09% no pré-operatório e isoladamente no pós-operatório. Uma análise estatística foi realizada para avaliar as diferenças na taxa de desenvolvimento do edema macular cistóide entre os quatro diferentes regimes terapêuticos. O diagnóstico de edema macular cistóide exigiu uma piora da visão e uma evidência de aumento da espessura macular na tomografia de coerência óptica. Resultados: A taxa global de edema macular cistóide foi de 0,82%. O tratamento com cetorolaco genérico pós-operatório 0,45% e prednisolona 1% demonstrou a maior taxa de desenvolvimento de edema macular cistóide (2,20% dos casos). O cetorolaco 0,45% e a prednisolona 1% no pós-operatório exibiram taxas intermediárias de desenvolvimento de edema macular cistóide (0,90% dos casos). A administração de bromofenac 0,09% e de prednisolona 1% no pós-operatório apresentou taxas intermediárias de desenvolvimento de edema macular cistóide (0,44% dos casos). O bromfenac 0,09% no pré e pós-operatório isoladamente resultou na menor taxa de desenvolvimento de edema macular cistóide (0,09% dos casos). A taxa de edema macular cistóide foi significativamente menor quando o bromfenac foi utilizado isoladamente em relação ao esquema onde cetorolaco e a prednisolona foram usados (OR 0,043, 95% CI 0,002 a 0,312; p<0,001). Conclusões: O edema macular cistóide pós-cirurgia de catarata desenvolveu-se com menor frequência após o tratamento tópico de medicamentos anti-inflamatórios não esteroidais, comparado às outras terapias avaliadas. Bromfenac, sem corticosteróides, alcançou taxas mais baixas de edema macular cistóide vs. Várias combinações em comparação com as várias combinações de drogas anti-inflamatórias não esteroidais com corticosteróides.
الموضوعات
Humans , Male , Female , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Benzophenones/therapeutic use , Bromobenzenes/therapeutic use , Prednisolone/therapeutic use , Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal/therapeutic use , Macular Edema/prevention & control , Phacoemulsification/adverse effects , Cataract , Macular Edema/etiology , Retrospective Studies , Drug Therapy, Combinationالملخص
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the utility of dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (DCE-MRI) using macromolecular contrast agent (P792) for assessment of vascular disrupting drug effect in rabbit VX2 liver tumor models. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This study was approved by our Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee. DCE-MRI was performed with 3-T scanner in 13 VX2 liver tumor-bearing rabbits, before, 4 hours after, and 24 hours after administration of vascular disrupting agent (VDA), using gadomelitol (P792, n = 7) or low molecular weight contrast agent (gadoterate meglumine [Gd-DOTA], n = 6). P792 was injected at a of dose 0.05 mmol/kg, while that of Gd-DOTA was 0.2 mmol/kg. DCE-MRI parameters including volume transfer coefficient (K(trans)) and initial area under the gadolinium concentration-time curve until 60 seconds (iAUC) of tumors were compared between the 2 groups at each time point. DCE-MRI parameters were correlated with tumor histopathology. Reproducibility in measurement of DCE-MRI parameters and image quality of source MR were compared between groups. RESULTS: P792 group showed a more prominent decrease in K(trans) and iAUC at 4 hours and 24 hours, as compared to the Gd-DOTA group. Changes in DCE-MRI parameters showed a weak correlation with histologic parameters (necrotic fraction and microvessel density) in both groups. Reproducibility of DCE-MRI parameters and overall image quality was not significantly better in the P792 group, as compared to the Gd-DOTA group. CONCLUSION: Dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging using a macromolecular contrast agent shows changes of hepatic perfusion more clearly after administration of the VDA. Gadolinium was required at smaller doses than a low molecular contrast agent.
الموضوعات
Animals , Male , Rabbits , Antineoplastic Agents/therapeutic use , Benzophenones/therapeutic use , Disease Models, Animal , Heterocyclic Compounds/administration & dosage , Liver Neoplasms/drug therapy , Magnetic Resonance Imaging , Organometallic Compounds/administration & dosage , Reproducibility of Results , Valine/analogs & derivativesالملخص
To study the efficacy and safety of a parenteral formulation of 'Manyana' (a combination of diclofenac + pitofenone + fenpiverinium) in ureteric, biliary and intestinal colic, an open labelled study was conducted at two centres. A total of 206 patients were enrolled and evaluated for decrease in pain with time on a visual analogue scale. A statistically significant difference was observed in pain within 30 minutes of drug administration and the pain relief lasted for as long as 24 hours post dosing. The study shows definite synergism between the antispasmodics pitofenone and fenpiverinium with the NSAID-diclofenac, reducing the prostaglandin levels and also the spasm related to colic.
الموضوعات
Adolescent , Adult , Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal/therapeutic use , Benzophenones/therapeutic use , Biliary Tract Diseases/drug therapy , Colic/drug therapy , Diclofenac/therapeutic use , Drug Combinations , Female , Humans , Injections, Intramuscular , Intestinal Diseases/drug therapy , Male , Middle Aged , Parasympatholytics/therapeutic use , Piperidines/therapeutic use , Ureteral Diseases/drug therapyالملخص
In this double blind, prospective study, the relative efficacy of Diclofenac + Pitofenone + Fenpiverinium (Manyana) and Analgin + Pitofenone + Fenpiverinium (Baralgan) in 200 patients of biliary, ureteric and intestinal colic was evaluated. Patients were given these coded drugs thrice daily for five days starting from day 0 to day 5. The results of the present clinical evaluation demonstrated that Manyana appeared to be superior to Baralgan in biliary and ureteric colic while it was therapeutically equivalent to Baralgan in reducing the pain intensity in intestinal colic. Both the medications were tolerated well and there were no side-effects reported.
الموضوعات
Adolescent , Adult , Benzophenones/therapeutic use , Biliary Tract Diseases/drug therapy , Colic/diagnosis , Diclofenac/therapeutic use , Dipyrone/therapeutic use , Double-Blind Method , Drug Combinations , Female , Humans , Intestinal Diseases/drug therapy , Male , Middle Aged , Pain Measurement , Parasympatholytics/therapeutic use , Piperidines/therapeutic use , Prospective Studies , Time Factors , Ureteral Diseases/drug therapyالموضوعات
Adolescent , Adult , Benzophenones/therapeutic use , Biliary Tract Diseases/diagnosis , Colic/diagnosis , Diclofenac/therapeutic use , Dipyrone/therapeutic use , Double-Blind Method , Drug Combinations , Drug Synergism , Drug Therapy, Combination , Female , Humans , Intestinal Diseases/diagnosis , Male , Middle Aged , Parasympatholytics/therapeutic use , Piperidines/therapeutic use , Prospective Studies , Treatment Outcome , Ureteral Diseases/diagnosisالملخص
Las prostaglandinas GE2 inducen en la vesícula aumento de secreción de líquido intravesicular, aumento de la tensión, favorece la fuerza de contracción y disminuyen la capacidad de absorción. En el presente trabajo los pacientes tratados con 100 mg de indometacina vía rectal BID, demuestraron una disminución de los diámetros y área significativa P < 0.05 a las 24 y 48 horas. El volumen vesicular a las 24 horas era de ESP 9,10 cm3, 95% IC - 55,28 + 73,49 P < 0,05; a las 48 horas era de ESP 8,57 cm3, 95% IC - 55,16 + 68,30 P < 0,05. La reducción del score del dolor a las 24 y 48 horas es significativo P < 0,001. En el grupo que recibió Baralcina 1 amp IV C/12 horas, también demostramos disminución de los diámetros y área vesicular a las 24 y 48 horas P > 0,10 NS. El volumen vesicular se redujo a las 24 horas: ESP 5,94 cm3, 95% IC - 64,72 + 76,60 P > 0,10 NS; a las 48 horas: ESP 3,5 cm3, 95% IC - 59,52 + 66,52 P > 0,40 NS. La reducción del puntaje del dolor es significante P < 0,001 sólo a las 48 horas. En el grupo tratado con indometacina el número de pacientes sin dolor a las 48 horas es significativamente mayor, ESP 0,21; 95% IC - 0,46 + 0,88 P < 0,001. En conclusión la indometacina es un medicamento útil en el tratamiento del cólico biliar y colecistitis, debido a que reduce el volumen vesicular, la tensión, el dolor y la fuerza de contracción