Changes in Height and Body Weight Within a Time Period of 35 Years in Males of the Same Age / Cambios en la Altura y el Peso Corporal en un Período de 35 Años en Hombres de la Misma Edad

SUMMARY: Height and body weight measurements are among the most important anthropometric variables when assessing a population's growth, development and body composition. This study aimed to evaluate the height and body weight variability of male entities aged 17-18 years within 35 years. This goal was realized by comparing the height and body weight of the population of the same gender and age in three different time studies. The descriptive statistical parameters and T-test for independent groups show systematic and significant differences in measured variables between three measurements in different timelines. Both in body height and body weight, from measurement to measurement, significant systematic and statistically significant differences (p<0.01) have been identified (1985: BH= 172.8cm, BW= 61.7kg; 2004: BH=176.8 cm, BW=66.9 kg; 2019: BH=178.5 cm, BW=72 kg). The results of this study prove that the change in the socio-economic status of a population over a period time of 35 years can significantly affect the growth and development of children/adolescents.

Las medidas de altura y peso corporal se encuentran entre las variables antropométricas más importantes a la hora de evaluar el crecimiento, el desarrollo y la composición corporal de una población. Este estudio tuvo como objetivo evaluar la variabilidad de la altura y el peso corporal de entidades masculinas de 17 a 18 años dentro de 35 años. Este objetivo se logró comparando la altura y el peso corporal de la población del mismo sexo y edad en tres estudios temporales diferentes. Los parámetros estadísticos descriptivos y la prueba T para grupos independientes muestran diferencias sistemáticas y significativas en las variables medidas entre tres mediciones en diferentes líneas de tiempo. Tanto en la altura como en el peso corporal, de medición en medición, se han identificado diferencias significativas sistemáticas y estadísticamente significativas (p<0,01) (1985: BH= 172,8 cm, BW= 61,7 kg; 2004: BH=176,8 cm, BW=66,9 kg; 2019: BH=178,5 cm, BW=72 kg). Los resultados de este estudio demuestran que el cambio en el estatus socioeconómico de una población durante un período de 35 años puede afectar significativamente el crecimiento y desarrollo de niños/ adolescentes.

Repercussões da Covid-19 na percepção de mudanças de peso e satisfação corporal: comparação entre mulheres com e sem transtornos alimentares / Impacts of Covid-19 on weight change perception and body satisfaction: a comparison between women with and without eating disorders

Introdução: A pandemia da Covid-19 trouxe consequências diversas para a saúde mental e física das pessoas. O contexto de isolamento social potencializou problemas relacionados à imagem corporal, principalmente em pessoas com transtornos alimentares. Objetivo: Analisar as repercussões da Covid-19 em variáveis antropométricas em relação a percepção de peso e satisfação corporal, comparando mulheres com transtornos alimentares e aquelas sem essa condição. Métodos: Estudo observacional, descritivo, comparativo e transversal. Mulheres com transtornos alimentares em tratamento (GTA) foram recrutadas de cinco serviços nas regiões Sul e Sudeste. A contrapartida, o grupo controle (GCO) foi composto por mulheres sem TA, recrutadas on-line e com o escore negativo no teste EAT-26. Questionários on-line foram aplicados entre junho de 2020 e janeiro de 2021. Análises estatísticas incluíram Qui-quadrado de Pearson ou Exato de Fisher e regressões logísticas pelo SPSS 23.0. Resultados: Participaram 174 mulheres jovens (31,94±9,35 anos), com formação superior (71,3%) e companheiro (61,5%), que estavam em isolamento social. O GTA foi composto por 58 mulheres e GCO, 116. A maioria (55,2%) do GTA notou aumento do peso corporal, enquanto se mostrou pouco satisfeita com a imagem corporal (81%), resultado diferente estatisticamente do GCO. A associação entre mulheres com TA e pouca satisfação corporal foi significativa (p=0,0010). Aquelas em isolamento social e com sobrepeso ou obesidade tiveram maior probabilidade de percepção de aumento de peso. Conclusão: A pandemia da Covid-19 intensificou a insatisfação corporal, principalmente entre mulheres com transtornos alimentares. Aquelas em isolamento com sobrepeso ou obesidade perceberam mais aumento de peso, apontando a necessidade de estratégias de intervenção para esses grupos.

Introduction: The Covid-19 pandemic led to various consequences for people's mental and physical health. The context of social isolation exacerbated problems related to body image, especially in individuals with eating disorders. Objective: To analyze the repercussions of Covid-19 on anthropometric variables regarding weight perception and body satisfaction, comparing women with eating disorders to those without this condition. Methods: Observational, descriptive, comparative, and cross-sectional study. Women with eating disorders in treatment (EDG) were recruited from five services in the South and Southeast regions of Brazil. The counterpart, the control group (CG), consisted of women without eating disorders recruited online and with a negative score on the EAT-26 test. Online questionnaires were applied between June 2020 and January 2021. Statistical analyses included Pearson's Chi-square or Fisher's Exact test and logistic regressions, performed using the SPSS 23.0 program. Results: Participants were 174 young women (31.94±9.35 years of age), with higher education (71.3%) and with a partner (61.5%), who were in social isolation. The EDG consisted of 58 women, with116 in the CG. The majority (55.2%) of the EDG noticed an increase in body weight while being dissatisfied with body image (81.0%), a statistically different result from the CG. The association between women with eating disorders and low body satisfaction was significant (p=.0010). Those in social isolation and overweight or obese were more likely to perceive weight gain. Conclusion: The Covid-19 pandemic intensified body dissatisfaction, especially among women with eating disorders. Those in isolation who were overweight or obese perceived more weight gain, indicating the need for intervention strategies for these groups.

Cardiovascular Fitness in Normal Weight and Obese Children and Adolescents - A Systematic Review of Studies Published After 2000s / Condición Cardiovascular en Niños y Adolescentes con Peso Normal y Obesos: Una Revisión Sistemática de Estudios Publicados Después de la Década del 2000

SUMMARY: The primary aim was to gather available data published after the 2000s, on cardiovascular fitness in normal weight and obese children and adolescents. Based on the data, the secondary aims were to identify the most used outcomes and to determine the differences in cardiovascular fitness in the mentioned populations. Following PRISMA recommendations, multiple databases were searched: Google Scholar, PubMed, Cochrane Library, ProQuest, and Research Gate, with additional inclusion criteria: original study published in English, normal weight and obese children and adolescents as participant sample, studies that have assessed cardiovascular fitness parameters, and studies with participant's nutrition state. A total of 19 studies, with a total of 4,988 included participants (both obese and normal weight) were identified, with the most common participants have presented better results in terms of BMI, BF%, VO2max, VO2peak and METs, while the HR values are inconsistently presented. Despite deficiencies the study deficiency in the last two decades, there are differences in the mentioned populations. Further studies should focus on including the technology that reaches teens and families for overweight and obesity prevention and advancements in standard measurements for juvenile overweight and obesity, as well as for the creation, adaption, and validation of measuring instruments. As good framework for future directions, there is a need for more concise and unified measurements of cardiovascular fitness parameters in normally weight and obese children and adolescents.

El objetivo principal fue recopilar datos disponibles publicados después de la década del 2000 sobre la condición cardiovascular en niños y adolescentes con peso normal y obesos. En base a estos datos, los objetivos secundarios fueron identificar los resultados más utilizados y determinar las diferencias en la condición cardiovascular en las poblaciones mencionadas. Siguiendo las recomendaciones de PRISMA, se realizaron búsquedas en múltiples bases de datos: Google Scholar, PubMed, Cochrane Library, ProQuest y Research Gate, con criterios de inclusión adicionales: estudio original publicado en inglés, niños y adolescentes con peso normal y obesidad como muestra participante, estudios que hayan evaluado enfermedades cardiovasculares, parámetros de condición física y estudios con el estado nutricional de los participantes. Se identificaron un total de 19 estudios, con un total de 4.988 participantes incluidos (tanto obesos como con peso normal), siendo las variables más comunes: IMC, %BF, VO2máx, VO2pico, FC, PAD, PAS y MET. Generalmente, los participantes con peso normal han presentado mejores resultados en términos de IMC, %BF, VO2máx, VO2peak y MET, mientras que los valores de FC se presentan de manera inconsistente. Independientemente de la deficiencia de estudios en las últimas dos décadas, existen diferencias en las poblaciones mencionadas. Estudios futuros deberían centrarse en incluir tecnología que llegue a adolescentes y familias para la prevención del sobrepeso y la obesidad y avances en las mediciones estándar del sobrepeso y la obesidad juvenil, así como para la creación, adaptación y validación de instrumentos de medición. Como buen marco para direcciones futuras, se necesitan mediciones más concisas y unificadas de los parámetros de la condición cardiovascular en niños y adolescentes con peso normal y obesos.

Liver Size and its Correlation with Anthropometric Parameters and Age / El Tamaño del Hígado y su Correlación con los Parámetros Antropométricos y la Edad

SUMMARY: The liver has over 500 physiological and biochemical roles in our organism so checking of liver size and function is a part of every clinical examination. Aim of our research was to estimate liver size on computed tomography (CT) of the abdomen images and to determinate relations between liver dimensions and anthropometric parameters. The research included 99 patients, 49 men and 50 women, who were referred for CT of abdomen. We measured body height (BH) and body mass (BM), and calculated body mass index (BMI) and body surface area (BSA). Also, on CT images we measured anteroposterior (AP), laterolateral (LL) and two craniocaudal liver diameters (one at the level of midclavicular line - CCmcl, and the other was maximal - CCmax). Liver volume (LV) was calculated with formula. Our results showed that AP diameter positively correlated with BSA (r=0.30) in women. LL diameter positively correlated with BH (r=0.43), and BSA (0.31) in men. CCmcl diameter positively correlated with BH (r=0.33), BM (r=0.31), and BSA (r=0.34) in men, while in women it correlated only with BH (r=0.38). CCmax diameter positively correlated with BH (r=0.33) and BSA (r=0.33) in men. LV positively correlated with BH and BSA in both men (r=0.36, r=0.33, respectively) and women (r=0.42, r=0.31, respectively), and in men also with BM (r=0.34). LL, CCmcl, CCmax, and LV negatively correlated with aging in both sexes After the age of 60, there was a decrease in size of LL, CC diameters, as well as in LV. We concluded that liver dimensions decrease with aging, regardless of sex at the expanse of LL and CC diameters which are related to the size of body parameters, so that for a precise evaluation of liver size all three diameters should be measured, LV as well as BH, BM, and BSA.

El hígado desempeña más de 500 funciones fisiológicas y bioquímicas en nuestro organismo, por lo que comprobar el tamaño y la función de este órgano es parte de cada examen clínico. El objetivo de nuestra investigación fue estimar el tamaño del hígado mediante tomografía computarizada (TC) de imágenes del abdomen y determinar las relaciones entre las dimensiones del hígado y los parámetros antropométricos. La investigación incluyó a 99 pacientes, 49 hombres y 50 mujeres, que fueron remitidos para TC de abdomen. Medimos la altura corporal (BH) y la masa corporal (BM), y calculamos el índice de masa corporal (IMC) y el área de superficie corporal (BSA). Además, en las imágenes de TC medimos los diámetros hepáticos anteroposterior (AP), laterolateral (LL) y dos craneocaudales (uno a nivel de la línea medioclavicular - CCmcl, y el diámetro máximo - CCmax). El volumen del hígado (VI) se calculó con una fórmula. Nuestros resultados mostraron que el diámetro AP se correlacionó positivamente con BSA (r = 0,30) en mujeres. El diámetro de LL se correlacionó positivamente con BH (r=0,43) y BSA (0,31) en hombres. El diámetro CCmcl se correlacionó positivamente con BH (r=0,33), BM (r=0,31) y BSA (r=0,34) en hombres, mientras que en mujeres se correlacionó solo con BH (r=0,38). El diámetro CCmax se correlacionó positivamente con BH (r=0,33) y BSA (r=0,33) en hombres. El VI se correlacionó positivamente con BH y BSA tanto en hombres (r=0,36, r=0,33, respectivamente) como en mujeres (r=0,42, r=0,31, respectivamente), y en hombres también con BM (r=0,34). LL, CCmcl, CCmax y LV se correlacionaron negativamente con el envejecimiento en ambos sexos. Después de los 60 años, hubo una disminución en el tamaño de los diámetros LL, CC y LV. Concluimos que las dimensiones del hígado disminuyen con la edad, independientemente del sexo, en la extensión de los diámetros LL y CC que están relacionados con el tamaño de los parámetros corporales, por lo que para una evaluación precisa del tamaño del hígado se debe medir LV como BH, BM y BSA.

Association between telomere length in the DNA of peripheral blood leukocytes and the propofol dose in anesthesia induction: an observational study

Abstract Introduction: Propofol is a widely used anesthetic and its dose is closely related to aging. Telomere length (TL) is a unique heritable trait, and emerging as a biomarker of aging, health and disease. Telomerase RNA component (TERC) plays an important role in maintaining TL. We proposed a hypothesis that propofol dose in general anesthesia can be predicted by measuring TL before operation, which greatly reduced the risk of anesthesia, especially the elderly. Methods: The association between the propofol dose in anesthesia induction and: TL in the DNA of peripheral blood leukocytes; body weight; sex; difference of the Bispectral Index (BIS) before and after anesthesia induction in patients was evaluated by multivariable linear regression analyses. The mutation at the 5'end or 3'end of TERC was detected. We recruited 100 patients of elective surgery. Results: We found that propofol dose in anesthesia induction was clearly correlated significantly with TL (r = 0.78, p < 0.001), body weight (r = 0.84, p = 0.004), sex (r = 0.83, p= 0.84, p = 0.004), sex (r = 0.83, p = 0.004), and difference of BIS before and after anesthesia induction (r = 0.85, p = 0.029). By comparing the absolute values of standardized regression coefficients (0.58, 0.21, 0.19, and 0.12) of the four variables, it can be seen that TL contributes the most to the propofol dose in anesthesia induction. However, the mutation at the 5' end or 3' end of TERC was not found. Conclusions: These findings provide preliminary evidence that the propofol dose in anesthesia induction was clearly correlated with genetically determined TL. TL may be a promising predictor of the propofol dose, which is beneficial to improve the safety of anesthesia and reduce perioperative complications.

Efeitos de um programa multiprofissional de tratamento da obesidade com treinamento aquático sobre parâmetros bioquímicos, composição corporal e aptidão física em adultos / Efectos de un programa de tratamiento multiprofesional de la obesidad con entrenamiento acuático sobre parámetros bioquímicos, composición corporal y condición física en adultos / Effects of a multiprofessional obesity treatment program with aquatic training on biochemical parameters, body composition and physical fitness in adults

Diante ao preocupante cenário mundial sobre a obesidade e a importância de intervenções multiprofissionais para mudança no estilo de vida da população com obesidade. O Objetivo foi analisar os efeitos de um programa multiprofissional para tratamento da obesidade com treinamento aquático, nos parâmetros bioquímicos, composição corporal e da aptidão física de adultos obesidade severa. O estudo foi conduzido por equipe multiprofissional com profissionais de Educação Física, Nutrição, Psicologia e Medicina, durante 24 semanas, com 16 indivíduos classificados com obesidade severa (IMC > 40 kg/m2). As Intervenções do programa proposto no estudo foram realizadas através treinamento aquático de exercícios aeróbicos associados com a orientação nutricional e psicológica. Foi analisada diminuição significativa no índice de Proteína C Reativa (mg/L) (p=0,0439); no percentual de gordura (%), ao final das 24 semanas do programa de tratamento (p=0,0136), também houve aumento significativo na força de pressão manual (kg) com 16 semanas (p=0,0006) e 24 semanas (p=0,0014). Este estudo apresentou resultados significativos na melhora dos parâmetros bioquímicos, composição corporal e da aptidão física em adultos com obesidade severa, justificando o quanto programas de tratamentos que visam a mudanças nos hábitos alimentares e estilo de vida são de grande importância para a saúde pública.

Ante el preocupante panorama mundial de la obesidad y la importancia de intervenciones multiprofesionales para el cambio en el estilo de vida de la población con obesidad, este estudio tiene como objetivo analizar los efectos de un programa multiprofesional para el tratamiento de la obesidad mediante entrenamiento acuático en parámetros bioquímicos, composición corporal y aptitud física en adultos con obesidad severa. El estudio fue llevado a cabo por un equipo multiprofesional compuesto por profesionales de Educación Física, Nutrición, Psicología y Medicina, durante un período de 24 semanas. Participaron 16 individuos clasificados con obesidad severa (IMC > 40 kg/m2). Las intervenciones del programa propuesto en el estudio incluyeron ejercicios aeróbicos acuáticos junto con orientación nutricional y psicológica. Se evidenció una disminución significativa en el índice de Proteína C Reactiva (mg/L) (p=0.0439); en el porcentaje de grasa (%), al final de las 24 semanas del programa de tratamiento (p=0,0136), también se evidencio un aumento estadísticamente significativo de la fuerza de presión manual (kg) con 16 semanas (p=0,0006) e 24 semanas (p=0,0014). Este estudio presentó resultados significativos en la mejora de los parámetros bioquímicos, composición corporal y aptitud física en adultos con obesidad severa, lo que justifica la importancia de los programas de tratamiento que se centran en los cambios en los hábitos alimentarios y el estilo de vida para la salud pública.

In the context of the concerning global prevalence of obesity and the critical need for multidisciplinary interventions to drive lifestyle changes among individuals with obesity, this study aims to investigate the effects of a comprehensive multidisciplinary program, including aquatic training, on biochemical parameters, body composition, and physical fitness in severely obese adults. Over a period of 24 weeks, a team of diverse professionals in Physical Education, Nutrition, Psychology, and Medicine collaborated on this research. The study enrolled sixteen participants with severe obesity (BMI > 40 kg/m2). The interventions encompassed aquatic aerobic exercises, accompanied by nutritional and psychological guidance. Significant improvements were observed in the C-Reactive Protein index (mg/L) (p=0.0439), with a notable reduction in body fat percentage (%) after the 24-week treatment program (p=0.0136). Additionally, manual pressure force (kg) displayed a statistically significant increase at 16 weeks (p=0.0006) and 24 weeks (p=0.0014). These compelling findings underscore the remarkable progress in biochemical parameters, body composition, and physical fitness among severely obese adults, underscoring the critical importance of treatment programs targeting dietary and lifestyle changes for public health improvement. By adopting a multidisciplinary approach, this study emphasizes the effectiveness of comprehensive interventions in addressing the complex challenges posed by severe obesity. In summary, this research reinforces the significance of implementing multidisciplinary programs to foster lifestyle modifications and provides valuable insights into tackling severe obesity in adult populations. By highlighting the pivotal role of holistic interventions, this study contributes to the ongoing global efforts to combat the escalating obesity epidemic.

Anthropometric Similarities and Differences in Children of Aymara and Non-Aymara Descent in Northern Chile: Implications for Health and Development / Similitudes y Diferencias Antropométricas en Niños de Etnia Aymara y Ascendencia No-Aymara en el Norte de Chile: Implicaciones para la Salud y el Desarrollo

SUMMARY: This study aims to assess the nutritional status of Aymara and non-Aymara children in Arica, comparing anthropometric measurements of boys and girls aged 4-10 to inform interventions for child health and development. We conducted a non-experimental, quantitative, cross-sectional study in Arica, Chile. The sample included 458 children, with equal representation of Aymara and non-Aymara children from diverse socioeconomic backgrounds. Trained research assistants collected anthropometric data using standardized techniques. IBM SPSS statistical software was used for data analysis, including Student's t-test and the Levene test. Both Aymara and non-Aymara children showed high prevalence of overweight and obesity. Boys had a meso-endomorph somatotype, while girls had an endomorph somatotype. Among 8-year-olds, non-Aymara children had a slightly higher mean body weight (35.87, SD 4.50) compared to Aymara children (32.27, SD 4.31), but the difference was not statistically significant (p>0.05). However, 10-year-old Aymara girls had a significantly higher mean body mass index (22.34, SD 4.21) than non-Aymara girls (20.10, SD 3.58) (p=0.05). Regarding body fat percentage, 10-year- old non-Aymara girls had a slightly higher mean (31.01, SD 5.64) than Aymara girls (26.12, SD 5.63), but the difference was not statistically significant (p>0.05). The study found high levels of overweight and obesity in children from northern Chile, increasing with age for both Aymara and non-Aymara groups. The somatotype patterns were consistent across both groups. Although the differences between Aymara and non-Aymara children were not statistically significant, the Aymara group showed slightly higher levels of overweight and obesity. Further research with a larger sample size is needed to confirm these results and identify potential trends. Efforts should focus on promoting healthy nutrition and physical activity to address the growing problem of overweight and obesity in this region.

Este estudio tiene como objetivo evaluar el estado nutricional de los niños Aymaras y no Aymaras en Arica, comparando las medidas antropométricas de niños y niñas de 4 a 10 años para informar las intervenciones para la salud y el desarrollo infantil. Realizamos un estudio no experimental, cuantitativo, de corte transversal en Arica, Chile. La muestra incluyó a 458 niños, con igual representación de niños Aymaras y no Aymaras de diversos estratos socioeconómicos. Asistentes de investigación capacitados recolectaron datos antropométricos utilizando técnicas estandarizadas. Se utilizó el software estadístico IBM SPSS para el análisis de datos, incluyendo la prueba t de Student y la prueba de Levene. Tanto los niños Aymaras como los no Aymaras presentaron una alta prevalencia de sobrepeso y obesidad. Los niños tenían un somatotipo meso-endomorfo, mientras que las niñas tenían un somatotipo endomorfo. Entre los niños de 8 años, los niños no Aymaras tenían un peso corporal medio ligeramente superior (35,87, DE 4,50) en comparación con los niños Aymaras (32,27, DE 4,31), pero la diferencia no fue estadísticamente significativa (p>0,05). Sin embargo, las niñas Aymaras de 10 años tenían un índice de masa corporal medio significativamente mayor (22,34, SD 4,21) que las niñas no Aymaras (20,10, SD 3,58) (p=0,05). En cuanto al porcentaje de grasa corporal, las niñas no Aymaras de 10 años tuvieron una media ligeramente superior (31,01, DE 5,64) que las niñas Aymaras (26,12, DE 5,63), pero la diferencia no fue estadísticamente significativa (p>0,05). El estudio encontró altos niveles de sobrepeso y obesidad en niños del norte de Chile, aumentando con la edad tanto para los grupos Aymaras como para los no Aymaras. Los patrones de somatotipo fueron consistentes en ambos grupos. Aunque las diferencias entre los niños Aymaras y no Aymaras no fueron estadísticamente significativas, el grupo Aymara mostró niveles ligeramente más altos de sobrepeso y obesidad. Se necesita más investigación con un tamaño de muestra más grande para confirmar estos resultados e identificar tendencias potenciales. Los esfuerzos deben centrarse en promover una nutrición saludable y la actividad física para abordar el creciente problema del sobrepeso y la obesidad en esta región.

Estado nutricio de niños del noroeste de México pre y post pandemia por COVID-19 / Nutritional status of children in northwest Mexico pre and post COVID-19 pandemic

Introducción. Mundialmente se observaron consecuencias negativas en la salud por el aislamiento social durante la pandemia de COVID-19; el sobrepeso y la obesidad mostraron tendencias crecientes. Objetivo. Analizar los cambios en el sobrepeso, obesidad y alimentación de escolares del noroeste de México antes y después del aislamiento por COVID-19. Materiales y métodos. Se colectaron y analizaron el peso, talla y circunferencia de cintura de escolares del noroeste de México pre y post pandemia por COVID 19 (n=479 y n=820). Además, se analizaron los cambios en la alimentación en una submuestra de 203 y 179 escolares pre y post pandemia, respectivamente. Resultados. La edad promedio de los escolares en 2019 fue 8,9 ±1,75 y en el 2022 de 9,1 ± 1,54 años. Se observó un aumento de 6,2 puntos porcentuales en la prevalencia de sobrepeso y obesidad y diferencias en la distribución de las categorías del estado nutricio (p=0,049) entre los dos periodos. También, se observaron cambios en la adiposidad central con un aumento de 3 centímetros en la circunferencia de cintura (p=0,001; 62,6 y 65,6 cm). El índice de alimentación saludable (IAS) mostró una alimentación poco saludable durante los dos periodos. Conclusiones. El aumento en las prevalencias de sobrepeso y obesidad, así como de obesidad central durante la emergencia epidemiológica, indicaron un deterioro del estado nutricio de los escolares, que coincide con los reportes en poblaciones a nivel mundial y en Latinoamérica; los resultados resultan preocupantes dada la problemática antes de la emergencia(AU)

Introduction. Negative health consequences due to social isolation during the COVID-19 pandemic were observed worldwide; overweight and obesity showed increasing trends. Objective. To analyze the changes in overweight, obesity and diet of schoolchildren in northwest Mexico before and after lockdown due to COVID-19. Materials and methods. Weight, height, and waist circumference of schoolchildren (n=479 pre-pandemic and n=820 post-pandemic) were collected in public schools located in medium to high marginalization neighborhoods. In the same periods dietary data was collected from a subsample of 203 and 179 schoolchildren, respectively. Results. The average age of schoolchildren in 2019 was 8,9 ±1,75 and 9,1 ± 1,54 in 2022. An increase in percentage of 6,2 was observed in the overweight plus obesity prevalence and a significant difference in the distribution of nutritional status (p=0,049) between the two periods. In addition, changes in central adiposity were observed, with an increase of 3 centimeters in waist circumference (p=0,001; 62,6 and 65,6 cm). The healthy eating index (HAI) classified the diet of schoolchildren as unhealthy during both periods. Conclusions. The increase in the prevalence of overweight and obesity, as well as central adiposity is worrying given that they were already a health problem before the COVID 19 confinement(AU)

Perfil antropométrico de judocas de elite argentinos / Anthropometric profile of Argentine elite Judokas

Introducción: el judo es un deporte de combate cuya clasificación competitiva depende del peso corporal, lo cual está destinado a promover competencias parejas y equitativas en cuanto a capacidades físicas se refiere. El avance de las ciencias del entrenamiento y de la nutrición deportiva generó una mejora de la composición corporal en los deportistas, redundando en un aumento de los valores de masa muscular y en una disminución de la masa adiposa. El objetivo del estudio fue estimar la composición corporal de las personas que practican Judo participantes del campeonato nacional argentino del año 2021. Materiales y métodos: se realizó un estudio transversal descriptivo a los/as participantes del campeonato nacional de judo del año 2021. Fueron evaluados un total de 183 judocas (51 mujeres y 132 varones), según el protocolo de medición de la ISAK. Para la determinación de la composición corporal se utilizó el método de fraccionamiento anatómico de cinco componentes de Kerry Ross. Resultados: el promedio de las judocas fue de 30,5% para la masa adiposa y de 44,5% para la masa muscular; no se encontraron diferencias estadísticamente significativas en los distintos grupos de edad. Los varones obtuvieron un valor promedio de 22,4% para la masa adiposa y 49,1%para la masa muscular; en este caso se encontraron diferencias significativas entre los distintos grupos de edad, tanto para la masa adiposa como para la muscular y la masa ósea. Discusión: se necesitan más estudios con grupos estratificados en función de la división de peso corporal para poder establecer patrones de referencia específicos para el trabajo en ciencias del ejercicio y la nutrición. Conclusión: la optimización de la composición corporal de las personas que practican Judo redunda positivamente en la mejora de las capacidades físicas específicas. Los datos presentados constituyen una referencia específica de utilidad para la evaluación y seguimiento de las personas que practican Judo. La estratificación por grupos etarios y división de peso corporal permitirá delimitar mejor aún los valores de cada categoría de edad. Se considera relevante vincular la composición corporal con las pruebas físicas y los resultados deportivos, a fin de establecer un mejor perfil del judoca argentino. (AU)

Introduction: judo is a combat sport whose competitive classification depends on body weight, intended to promote even and equitable compe-titions in terms of physical abilities. Advances in the sciences of training and sports nutrition have led to an improvement in the body composition of athletes, resulting in an increase in muscle mass and a decrease in adipose mass. This study aimed to estimate the body composition of judo fighters participating in the 2021 Argentine National Championship. Materials and methods: we conducted a descriptive cross-sectional study of participants of the 2021 national judo championship. We evaluated 183 judokas (51 women and 132 men) applying the ISAK measurement protocol. We used the Kerry Ross five-component fractional anatomic method to determine body composition. Results: the average for female judo players was 30.5% for adipose mass and 44.5% for muscle mass; we found no statistically significant diffe-rences in the different age groups. The average value for males was 22.4% for adipose mass and 49.1% for muscle mass; in this case, we found significant differences between the different age groups for adipose mass and muscle and bone mass. Discussion: there is a need for more studies with stratified groups according to body weight division to establish specific reference standards for the work in exercise science and nutrition. Conclusion: the optimization of the body composition of female and male judo players has a positive effect on the improvement of specific physical capacities. The data presented constitute a relevant reference for the evaluation and follow-up of judokas. The stratification by age groups and body weight division will allow a better delimitation of the values of each age category. Linking body composition with physical tests and results is considered relevant to obtain a better profile of the Argentinian judo player. (AU)

Salud física, calidad de vida y bienestar psicológico de trabajadores(as) universitarios chilenos en tiempos de COVID-19 / Physical health, quality of life and psychological well-being of workers in a Chilean university community in times of COVID-19

Introducción: COVID-19 no solamente tuvo efectos en la salud física de las personas, se sumó a una serie de otras problemáticas que afectarán la salud de las personas a mediano y largo plazo. El objetivo de la investigación fue identificar la percepción del nivel de actividad física, calidad de vida y bienestar psicológico de trabajadores y trabajadoras de una comunidad universitaria chilena durante la pandemia COVID-19. Se aplicó una encuesta online durante los meses de junio y julio de 2022 a285 sujetos, 65% mujeres y 35% hombres, de estamentos, administrativo y académicos (64% y 36% respectivamente). Los resultados indican que un 58% disminuyó su actividad física durante la pandemia en el 2020 y un 51% durante el año 2021. Un 52% señala que aumentó de peso corporal durante el 2020 y un 46% durante el 2021. En relación a su bienestar psicológico, un 49% percibe que empeoró durante el año 2020 y un 36% declara lo mismo para el año 2021.Conclusiones: La pandemia por COVID-19, generó efectos negativos en la actividad física, calidad de vida y bienestar psicológico de las personas. El desafío para las instituciones de educación superior es desarrollar programas para fomentar la promoción y prevención en salud para la comunidad universitaria en un contexto postpandémico(AU)

Introduction: COVID-19 not only had effects on people's physical health, it added to a series of other problems that will affect people's health in the medium and long term. The objective was to identify the perception of the level of physical activity, quality of life and psychological wellbeing of workers in a Chilean university community during the COVID-19 pandemic. The study was developed under a quantitative paradigm, it was descriptive cross-sectional. An online survey was applied during the months of June and July 2022 to 285 subjects, 65% women and 35% men, from estates, administrative and academic (64% and 36% respectively). The results indicate that 58% decreased their physical activity during the pandemic in 2020 and 51% during 2021. 52% say they increased body weight during 2020 and 46% during 2021. In relation to their psychological well-being, 49% perceive that it worsened during the year 2020, and 36% declare the same for the year 2021.Conclusions: The COVID-19 pandemic generated negative effects on people's physical activity, quality of life and psychological well-being. The challenge for higher education institutions is to develop programs to foster health promotion and prevention for the university community in a post-pandemic context(AU)

Percentiles de peso, talla e índice de masa corporal de escolares de Mendoza. Comparación con la referencia de la Organización Mundial de la Salud / Body mass index, weight, and height percentiles in school-aged children from Mendoza. A comparison with the WHO reference

Introducción. La Organización Mundial de la Salud (OMS) recomienda el uso de tablas de referencia para monitorear el crecimiento y estado nutricional de niños, niñas y adolescentes. El peso corporal, la talla y el índice de masa corporal (IMC) son las variables más utilizadas. El presente trabajo tiene como objetivos estimar los percentiles de peso, talla e IMC de escolares (2009-2011) residentes en el departamento San Rafael (Mendoza) y compararlos con la referencia internacional de la Organización Mundial de la Salud, a fin de establecer su pertinencia para la evaluación del crecimiento y estado nutricional de dicha población. Población y métodos. Se realizó un estudio antropométrico transversal en 3448 escolares de entre 4,00 y 13,49 años de edad. Se utilizó el programa LMS ChartMarker Pro para calcular los valores percentilares de peso/edad, talla/edad e IMC/edad, por sexo y edad, y se compararon con las curvas de la OMS. Además, se calcularon diferencias porcentuales (D%) para estimar las diferencias y su significación estadística mediante prueba de Wilcoxon. Resultados. La población de San Rafael mostró, en varones y mujeres, valores percentilares superiores de peso e IMC (D% ≈7 % y 9 %, respectivamente), y menores de talla (D% ≈0,8 %) que los de la OMS (p <0,05). Conclusión. Las diferencias encontradas alertan sobre el empleo de la referencia OMS en la población escolar de San Rafael, ya que sobreestimaría las prevalencias de sobrepeso, obesidad y desnutrición crónica, y subestimaría la de desnutrición aguda y global. Esta situación resalta la importancia de contar con una referencia local.

Introduction. The World Health Organization (WHO) recommends the use of reference tables to monitor the growth pattern and nutritional status of children and adolescents. Body mass index (BMI), weight, and height are the most commonly used variables. The objective of this study was to estimate the BMI, weight, and height percentiles for school-aged children (2009-2011) living in the department of San Rafael (Mendoza) and compare them to the international World Health Organization reference to establish their relevance for the evaluation of the growth pattern and nutritional status of this population. Population and methods. A cross-sectional anthropometric study was conducted in 3448 school-aged children aged 4.00 to 13.49 years. The LMS ChartMarker Pro software was used to estimate the BMI- for-age, weight-for-age, and height-for-age percentiles, by sex and age, and they were compared with the WHO curves. Besides, percentage differences (%D) were calculated to estimate the differences and their statistical significance using the Wilcoxon test. Results. The population of boys and girls in San Rafael showed higher weight and BMI (%D ≈ 7% and 9%, respectively) percentiles, and lower height (%D ≈ 0.8%) values than WHO reference (p < 0.05). Conclusion. The differences found warn about the use of the WHO reference in the school-aged population of San Rafael since it would overestimate the prevalence of overweight, obesity, and chronic malnutrition and underestimate the prevalence of acute and global malnutrition. This situation highlights the importance of having a local reference resource

Compuestos bioactivos de canela y su efecto en la disminución del síndrome metabólico: revisión sistemática / Bioactive compounds of cinnamon and their effect on decreasing metabolic syndrome: systematic review

Introducción. El síndrome metabólico (SM) aumenta el ingreso hospitalario y el riesgo de desarrollar COVID-19, los fármacos utilizados para su tratamiento ocasionan efectos secundarios por lo que se ha optado por la búsqueda de alternativas terapéuticas a base de compuestos bioactivos contenidos en plantas medicinales. La canela se utiliza como agente terapéutico debido a sus propiedades comprobadas con diversos mecanismos de acción reportados en el tratamiento de varias patologías. Objetivo. Documentar los estudios in vitro, in vivo, estudios clínicos y los mecanismos de acción reportados del efecto de la administración de extractos y polvo de canela en las comorbilidades relacionadas con el SM. Materiales y métodos. Revisión sistemàtica de artículos en bases de datos electrónicas, incluyendo estudios de canela en polvo, extractos acuosos, de acetato de etilo y metanol de la corteza de canela, período de 5 años, excluyendo todo artículo relacionado a su efecto antimicrobiano, antifúngico y aceite de canela. Resultados. Las evidencias de los principales compuestos bioactivos contenidos en la canela validan su potencial en el tratamiento de enfermedades relacionadas al SM, con limitados estudios que indagan en los mecanismos de acción correspondientes a sus actividades biológicas. Conclusiones. Las evidencias de las investigaciones validan su potencial en el tratamiento de estas patologías, debido a sus principales compuestos bioactivos: cinamaldehído, transcinamaldehído, ácido cinámico, eugenol y, antioxidantes del tipo proantocianidinas A y flavonoides, los cuales participan en diversos mecanismos de acción que activan e inhiben enzimas, con efecto hipoglucemiante (quinasa y fosfatasa), antiobesogénico (UPC1), antiinflamatorio (NOS y COX), hipolipemiante (HMG-CoA) y antihipertensivo (ECA)(AU)

Introduction. Metabolic syndrome (MS) increases hospital admission and the risk of developing COVID-19. Due to the side effects caused by the drugs used for its treatment, the search for therapeutic alternatives based on bioactive compounds contained in medicinal plants has been chosen. Cinnamon is used as a therapeutic agent due to its proven properties with various mechanisms of action reported in the treatment of various pathologies. Objective. To document the in vitro and in vivo studies, clinical studies and the mechanisms of action reported on the effect of the administration of cinnamon extracts and powder on comorbidities related to MS. Materials and methods. Systematic review of articles in electronic databases, including studies of cinnamon powder, aqueous extracts, ethyl acetate and methanol from cinnamon bark, over a period of 5 years, excluding all those articles related to its antimicrobial, antifungal and antimicrobial effect. cinnamon oil. Results. The evidence of the main bioactive compounds contained in cinnamon validates its potential in the treatment of diseases related to MS, with limited studies that investigate the mechanisms of action corresponding to its biological activities. Conclusions. Research evidence validates its potential in the treatment of these pathologies, due to its main bioactive compounds: cinnamaldehyde, transcinnamaldehyde, cinnamic acid, eugenol, and antioxidants of the proanthocyanidin A type and flavonoids, which participate in various mechanisms of action that activate and they inhibit enzymes, with hypoglycemic (kinase and phosphatase), antiobesogenic (UPC1), anti-inflammatory (NOS and COX), lipid-lowering (HMG-CoA) and antihypertensive (ACE) effects(AU)

Variaciones morfológicas de la glándula submandibular en ratas obesas por acción de glutamato monosódico / Morphological variations of the submandibular gland in obese rats by the action of monosodium glutamate

Este estudio tuvo como objetivo demostrar la existencia de variaciones morfológicas en el tejido conectivo de la glándula submandibular de ratas obesas expuestas a glutamato monosódico (GMS). Se utilizaron 12 ratas Sprague Dawley machos recién nacidas (6 ratas para el grupo 1, control; 6 ratas para el grupo 2 (GMS), 4 mg/g de glutamato monosódico de peso (5 dosis) mantenidas por 16 semanas respectivamente con una dieta y agua ad libitum. En el estudio se realizó un análisis estereológico e histológico, demostrándose una variación en el tejido conectivo presentando una disminución del volúmen glandular, mayor fibrosis, y disminución de adipocitos a nivel periférico siendo reemplazado por tejido rico en colágeno. Los vasos sanguíneos observados a nivel estereológico no presentan mayores cambios en cuanto a volumen, superficie y área.

SUMMARY: This study aims to demonstrate the existence of morphological variations in the connective tissue of the submandibular gland of obese rats exposed to MSG. Twelve male newborn Sprague Dawley rats were used (6 rats for group 1, control; 6 rats for group 2 (MSG), 4 mg/g of monosodium glutamate of weight (5 doses) maintained for 16 weeks respectively with a diet and water ad libitum. In the study, a stereological and histological analysis was carried out, demonstrating a variation in the connective tissue, presenting a decrease in the glandular volume, greater fibrosis, and a decrease in adipocytes at the peripheral level, being replaced by tissue rich in collagen. Blood cells observed at the stereological level do not present major changes in terms of volume, surface and area, but in the histological study greater vascularization is observed.

Avaliação do consumo alimentar e estado nutricional de crianças menores de dois anos de uma comunidade quilombola / Assessment of food consumption and nutritional status of children under two years of age in a quilombola community / Evaluación del consumo de alimentos y del estado nutricional de niños menores de dos años en una comunidad quilombola

A Vigilância Alimentar e Nutricional é uma das diretrizes da Política Nacional de Alimentação e Nutrição, sendo considerada essencial para a atenção nutrição e monitoramento do estado nutricional e das práticas de consumo alimentar, possibilitando o reconhecimento de alimentos ou comportamentos que se relacionam à alimentação saudável e não saudável para fornecer subsídios para o planejamento e organização do cuidado. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o consumo alimentar e o estado nutricional de crianças de 0 a 23 meses que residem na Comunidade Quilombola de Córrego dos Iús-CE. O percurso metodológico trata-se de um estudo do tipo pesquisa- intervenção, que consistiu em uma tendência das pesquisas participativas que busca compreender a vida de coletividades na sua diversidade qualitativa. Identificamos 11 crianças, menores de dois anos na comunidade. Devido às perdas, às recusas ou à ausência do responsável no domicílio, a amostra estudada foi composta por 9 participantes. A partir da avaliação antropométrica, verificamos os agravos nutricionais mais importantes foram o peso elevado para idade (44.4%), risco de sobrepeso para estatura e obesidade para estatura apresentaram respectivamente (11.1%), sobrepeso para IMC por idade (11.1%). Os achados sugerem que a população estudada esteja passando por uma transição nutricional. Nossa pesquisa nos permitiu perceber que as crianças pertencem as famílias de baixo poder econômico. É necessário a consolidação de políticas públicas para melhorar a saúde da comunidade estudada.

Food and Nutrition Surveillance is one of the guidelines of the National Food and Nutrition Policy, and is considered essential for nutritional care and monitoring of nutritional status and food consumption practices, enabling the recognition of foods or behaviors that are related to healthy eating and unhealthy to provide subsidies for the planning and organization of care. The objective of this study was to evaluate the food consumption and nutritional status of children aged 0 to 23 months living in the Quilombola Community of Córrego dos Iús-CE. The methodological course is a research- intervention type study, which consisted of a trend of participatory research that seeks to understand the life of collectivities in its qualitative diversity. We identified 11 children under two years of age in the community. Due to losses, refusals or the absence of the responsible person at home, the studied sample consisted of 9 participants. From the anthropometric assessment, we verified the most important nutritional problems were high weight for age (44.4%), risk of overweight for height and obesity for height presented respectively (11.1%), overweight for BMI for age (11.1%). The findings suggest that the studied population is going through a nutritional transition. Our research allowed us to realize that children belong to families with low economic power. It is necessary to consolidate public policies to improve the health of the studied community. KEYWORDS: Health Education; Nutritional Status; Group with Ancestors from the African Continent; Public health.

La Vigilancia Alimentaria y Nutricional es una de las directrices de la Política Nacional de Alimentación y Nutrición, y se considera esencial para la atención nutricional y el seguimiento del estado nutricional y las prácticas de consumo de alimentos, lo que permite el reconocimiento de los alimentos o comportamientos que están relacionados con la alimentación saludable y no saludable para proporcionar subsidios para la planificación y organización de la atención. El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar el consumo de alimentos y el estado nutricional de los niños de 0 a 23 meses que viven en la Comunidad Quilombola de Córrego dos Iús-CE. El curso metodológico es un estudio de tipo investigación-intervención, que consistió en una tendencia de investigación participativa que busca comprender la vida de las colectividades en su diversidad cualitativa. Identificamos 11 niños menores de dos años en la comunidad. Debido a pérdidas, negativas o ausencia del responsable en el domicilio, la muestra estudiada quedó constituida por 9 participantes. A partir de la evaluación antropométrica, verificamos que los problemas nutricionales más importantes fueron peso elevado para la edad (44,4%), riesgo de sobrepeso para la estatura y obesidad para la estatura presentados respectivamente (11,1%), sobrepeso para el IMC para la edad (11,1%). Los hallazgos sugieren que la población estudiada está pasando por una transición nutricional. Nuestra investigación nos permitió constatar que los niños pertenecen a familias de bajo poder económico. Es necesario consolidar políticas públicas para mejorar la salud de la comunidad estudiada.

Atletas de Taekwondo apresentam desequilíbrio muscular entre os músculos flexores e extensores do joelho: achados preliminares / Taekwondo athletes have muscle imbalance between knee flexors and extensions: preliminary findings / Los atletas de Taekwondo presentan un desequilibrio muscular entre los flexores y los extensores de la rodilla: hallazgos preliminares

Durante a prática de taekwondo com movimentos repetitivos, sistematizados e com certa sobrecarga de treino, o indivíduo pode gerar possíveis adaptações orgânicas que resultam em problemas posturais com grandes chances de desencadear desequilíbrio muscular. Objetivo: Verificar a presença de desequilíbrio entre os grupos musculares agonistas e antagonistas da articulação do joelho e entre membros dominantes e não dominantes de praticantes de taekwondo por meio da dinamometria isocinética. Método: Estudo transversal, observacional e descritivo realizado com nove praticantes de taekwondo do sexo masculino. Utilizou-se um dinamômetro isocinético para investigar o pico de torque, pico de torque por peso corporal, trabalho total, potência média, relação agonista/antagonista e índice de fadiga. Os dados dos membros dominante e não dominante foram comparados por meio do teste t-student para amostras pareadas. Foram calculados o intervalo de confiança de 95% da diferença média, o tamanho de efeito e o poder das análises. Resultados: Os músculos extensores dos membros dominante e não dominante apresentaram diferença média significante de 15,49 Nm (IC95% 7,27; 23,70; p=0,002) para pico de torque e de 22,64% (IC95% 11,83; 33,46; p=0,001) para pico de torque por peso corporal a 60°/s, representando tamanho de efeito médio. Conclusão: Os atletas de taekwondo apresentaram maior pico de torque e maior pico de torque por peso corporal dos músculos extensores do joelho a 60º/s no lado dominante. A relação agonista/ antagonista foi inferior a 60% e mais da metade dos atletas apresentaram uma diferença maior que 10% no pico de torque flexor no lado não dominante.

During taekwondo practice with the repetitive motions, systematized and with certain training overload, the person can generate possible organic adaptations that result in postural problems with a great chances of triggering muscle imbalance. Objective: To verify the presence of imbalance between agonist and antagonist muscle groups of knee joint and between dominant and non-dominant limbs through isokinetic dynamometry. Methods: Cross-sectional, observational and descriptive study realized with nine male taekwondo practitioners. An isokinetic dynamometer was used to investigate the peak torque, peak torque by body weight, total work, average power, agonist/antagonist ratio and fatigue index. Data from the dominant and non-dominant limbs were compared by t-student test for pared samples. The 95% confidence interval of the mean difference, the effect size and the power of analyses power were calculated. Results: The extensor muscles of the dominant and non-dominant limbs showed mean difference of 15,49 Nm (IC95% 7,27; 23,70; p=0,002) for peak torque and of 22,64% (IC95% 11,83; 33,46; p=0,001) for peak torque by body weight at 60°/s, representing average effect size. Conclusion: The taekwondo athletes had higher peak torque and higher peak torque by body weight of the knee extensors muscles in the dominant side. The agonist/ antagonist ratio was less than 60% and more than half of the athletes showed a difference greater than 10% in the peak flexor torque on the non-dominant side.

Durante la práctica de taekwondo con los movimientos repetitivos, sistematizados y con cierta sobrecarga de entrenamiento, la persona puede generar posibles adaptaciones orgánicas que deriven en problemas posturales con grandes posibilidades de desencadenar desequilibrios musculares. Objetivo: Verificar la presencia de desequilibrio entre grupos musculares agonistas y antagonistas de la articulación de la rodilla y entre miembros dominantes y no dominantes mediante dinamometría isocinética. Métodos: Estudio transversal, observacional y descriptivo realizado con nueve practicantes masculinos de taekwondo. Se utilizó un dinamómetro isocinético para investigar el par máximo, el par máximo por peso corporal, el trabajo total, la potencia media, la relación agonista/antagonista y el índice de fatiga. Los datos de las extremidades dominantes y no dominantes se compararon mediante la prueba t- student para muestras de pared. Se calcularon el intervalo de confianza del 95% de la diferencia media, el tamaño del efecto y la potencia de los análisis. Resultados: Los músculos extensores de los miembros dominantes y no dominantes mostraron una diferencia media de 15,49 Nm (IC95% 7,27; 23,70; p=0,002) para el par máximo y de 22,64% (IC95% 11,83; 33,46; p=0,001) para el par máximo por peso corporal a 60°/s, lo que representa el tamaño medio del efecto. Conclusiones: Los atletas de taekwondo presentaron un mayor par máximo y un mayor par máximo por peso corporal de los músculos extensores de la rodilla en el lado dominante. La relación agonista/antagonista fue inferior al 60% y más de la mitad de los atletas mostraron una diferencia superior al 10% en el pico de par flexor en el lado no dominante.

Mathematical models to describe the growth curves of Vietnamese Ri chicken / Modelos matemáticos para descrever as curvas de crescimento do frango Ri vietnamita

Abstract Ri chicken is the most popular backyard chicken breed in Vietnam, but little is known about the growth curve of this breed. This study compared the performances of models with three parameters (Gompertz, Brody, and Logistic) and models containing four parameters (Richards, Bridges, and Janoschek) for describing the growth of Ri chicken. The bodyweight of Ri chicken was recorded weekly from week 1 to week 19. Growth models were fitted using minpack.lm package in R software and Akaike's information criterion (AIC), Bayesian information criterion (BIC), and root mean square error (RMSE) were used for model comparison. Based on these criteria, the models having four parameters showed better performance than the ones with three parameters, and the Richards model was the best one for males and females. The lowest and highest value of asymmetric weights (α) were obtained by Bridges and Brody models for each of sexes, respectively. Age and weight estimated by the Richard model were 8.46 and 7.51 weeks and 696.88 and 487.58 g for males and for females, respectively. Differences in the growth curves were observed between males and female chicken. Overall, the results suggested using the Richards model for describing the growth curve of Ri chickens. Further studies on the genetics and genomics of the obtained growth parameters are required before using them for the genetic improvement of Ri chickens.

Resumo O frango Ri é a raça de frango de quintal mais popular do Vietnã, mas pouco se sabe sobre a curva de crescimento dessa raça. Este estudo comparou o desempenho de modelos com três parâmetros (Gompertz, Brody e Logistic) e modelos contendo quatro parâmetros (Richards, Bridges e Janoschek) para descrever o crescimento do frango Ri. O peso corporal do frango Ri foi registrado semanalmente da semana 1 à semana 19. Os modelos de crescimento foram ajustados usando o pacote minpack.lm no software R e o critério de informação de Akaike (AIC); critério de informação bayesiano (BIC) e erro quadrático médio (RMSE) foram usados ​​para comparação de modelos. Com base nesses critérios, os modelos com quatro parâmetros apresentaram melhor desempenho do que os com três parâmetros, sendo o modelo de Richards o melhor para homens e mulheres. O menor e o maior valor dos pesos assimétricos (α) foram obtidos pelos modelos Bridges e Brody para cada um dos sexos, respectivamente. A idade e o peso estimados pelo modelo de Richard foram de 8,46 e 7,51 semanas e 696,88 e 487,58 g para homens e mulheres, respectivamente. Diferenças nas curvas de crescimento foram observadas entre frangos machos e fêmeas. No geral, os resultados sugeriram o uso do modelo de Richards para descrever a curva de crescimento de frangos Ri. Mais estudos sobre a genética e genômica dos parâmetros de crescimento obtidos são necessários antes de usá-los para o melhoramento genético de frangos Ri.

Effect and mechanism of Puerariae Lobatae Radix in alleviating insulin resistance in T2DM db/db mice based on intestinal flora / 中国中药杂志

This study aimed to examine the effect and underlying mechanism of Puerariae Lobatae Radix on insulin resistance in db/db mice with type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM) based on the analysis of intestinal flora. Fifty db/db mice were randomly divided into a model group(M group), a metformin group(YX group), a high-dose Puerariae Lobatae Radix group(YGG group), a medium-dose Puerariae Lobatae Radix group(YGZ group), and a low-dose Puerariae Lobatae Radix group(YGD group). Another 10 db/m mice were assigned to the normal group(K group). After continuous administration for eight weeks, body weight and blood sugar of mice were measured. Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA) was used to detect glycosylated serum protein(GSP) and fasting serum insulin(FINS), and insulin resistance index(HOMA-IR) was calculated. The histopathological changes in the pancreas were observed by HE staining. Tumor necrosis factor(TNF)-α expression in the pancreas was detected using immunohistochemistry. The structural changes in fecal intestinal flora in the K, M, and YGZ groups were detected by 16S rRNA. Western blot was used to detect the expression of farnesoid X receptor(FXR) and takeda G protein-coupled receptor 5(TGR5) in the ileum, cholesterol 7α-hydroxylase(CYP7A1) and sterol 27α-hydroxylase(CYP27A1) in the liver, and G protein-coupled receptors 41(GPR41) and 43(GPR43) in the colon. Compared with the K group, the M group showed increased body weight, blood sugar, serum GSP, fasting blood glucose(FBG), and FINS, increased HOMA-IR, inflammatory infiltration of islet cells, necrosis and degeneration of massive acinar cells, unclear boundary between islet cells and acinar cells, disturbed intestinal flora, and down-regulated FXR, TGR5, CYP7A1, CYP27A1, GPR41, and GPR43. Compared with the M group, the YX, YGG, YGZ, and YGD groups showed decreased body weight, blood sugar, serum GSP, FBG, and FINS, islet cells with intact and clumpy morphology and clear boundary, necrosis of a few acinar cells, and more visible islet cells. The intestinal flora in the YGZ group changed from phylum to genus levels, and the relative abundance of intestinal flora affecting the metabolites of intestinal flora increased. The protein expression of FXR, TGR5, CYP7A1, CYP27A1, GPR41, and GPR43 increased. The results show that Puerariae Lobatae Radix can improve the inflammatory damage of pancreatic islet cells and reduce insulin resistance in db/db mice with T2DM. The mechanism of action may be related to the increase in the abundance of Actinobacteria, Bifidobacterium, and Bacteroides in the intestinal tract and the protein expression related to metabolites of intestinal flora.

Updated growth standards for Chinese children under 7 years of age / 中华儿科杂志

Objective: To construct growth standards for Chinese children under 7 years of age. Methods: Cross-sectional study design based on national representative data on children's growth and development in 2015 was used. Stratified cluster sampling method was used. A total of 83 628 healthy children aged 0-<7 years from 9 cities, including Beijing, Harbin, Xi'an, Shanghai, Nanjing, Wuhan, Guangzhou, Fuzhou, and Kunming, were investigated from June to November 2015, excluding those with adverse conditions that may impact the establishment of the growth standards. Weight, length (height) and head circumference were measured using unified measurement tools and measurement methods. The Lambda-Mu-Sigma method was employed to establish percentile and standard deviation score reference values of weight-for-age, length (height)-for-age, head circumference-for-age, weight-for-length (height) and body mass index (BMI)-for-age of the study population. The standard deviation score curves of the new-established growth standards were compared with the 2009 reference standards. Results: Reference values of percentile (P3, P10, P25, P50, P75, P90, P97) and standard deviation score (-3, -2, -1, 0,+1,+2,+3) of weight-for-age, length (height)-for-age, head circumference-for-age, weight-for-length (height) and BMI-for-age were obtained. Compared with the 2009 growth standards, the difference of weight at P50 was -0.1-0.4 kg, the difference of length (height) at P50 was 0.1-1.3 cm, the difference of head circumference at P50 was -0.2-0.2 cm, the difference of weight for length (height) at P50 was -0.2-0.5 kg, and the difference of BMI at P50 was -0.2-0.2 kg/m2. The main differences were as follows: weight for girls aged 5.0-<7.0 years was 0.4-0.6 kg higher at +2 s, height for boys and girls aged 2.0-<7.0 years was 0.4-1.4 cm higher at -2 s, and BMI for boys and girls aged 5.0-<7.0 years was 0.1-0.3 kg/m2 higher at +2 s than the 2009 reference standards. Conclusion: The newly established growth standards for Chinese children under 7 years of age that have achieved a minor revision to the 2009 reference standards, are recommended for nationwide use in growth monitoring and nutritional assessment.

A control study of steroid withdrawal protection strategy after kidney transplantation in children / 中华儿科杂志

Objective: To study the influence of steroid withdrawal protection strategy on height growth in pediatric patients after kidney transplantation. Methods: The prospective cohort study enrolled 40 stage 5 chronic kidney disease children receiving kidney transplantation from July 2017 to September 2022 at Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center. Based on the primary preoperative disease, patients with immune abnormality-associated glomerular diseases or unknown causes were assigned to the steroid maintenance group, in which patients received steroid tapering within 3 months after surgery to a maintenance dose of 2.5 to 5.0 mg/d. While patients with hereditary kidney disease or congenital urinary malformations were assigned to the steroid withdrawal group, in which patients had steroids tapered off within 3 months. The characteristics of height catch-up growth and clinical data were compared between the 2 groups at baseline, 6, 12, 18 and 24 months after kidney transplantation. T-test, repeated measurement of variance analysis, Mann-Whitney U test, and Fisher exact test were used for the comparison between the 2 groups. Results: Among the 40 children, 17 were males, 23 were females, 25 were in the steroid withdraw group ((7.8±2.8) years old when receiving kidney transplantation) and 15 cases were in the steroid maintenance group ((7.6±3.5) years old when receiving kidney transplantation). The study population was followed up for (26±12) months. The total dose per unit body weight of steroids in the steroid withdrawal group was lower than that in the steroid maintenance group ((0.13±0.06) vs. (0.36±0.19) mg/(kg·d), t=5.83, P<0.001). The height catch-up rate (ΔHtSDS) in the first year after kidney transplantation in the steroid withdraw and steroid maintenance groups was 1.0 (0.7, 1.4) and 0.4 (0.1, 1.0), respectively; in the second year, the ΔHtSDS in the steroid withdraw group was significantly higher than that in the steroid maintenance group (1.1 (0.2, 1.7) vs. 0.3 (0, 0.8), U=28.00, P=0.039). The HtSDS in the steroid withdrawal group at the five follow-up time points was -2.5±0.8, -2.0±0.8, -1.5±0.8, -1.3±0.9 and -0.5±0.3, respectively, while in the steroid maintenance was -2.4±1.3, -2.2±1.1, -2.0±1.0, -1.8±1.0 and -1.6±1.0, respectively. There were statistically significant differences in HtSDS at different follow-up time points in both 2 groups (F=19.81, P<0.01), but no statistical differences in overall impact between the 2 groups (F=1.13, P=0.204). The steroid treatment was interaction with the increase of follow-up time (F=3.62, P=0.009). At the 24th month after transplantation, the HtSDS in the steroid withdrawal group was significantly higher than that in the steroid maintenance group (P=0.047). Six patients in the steroid withdrawal group experienced antibody-mediated immune rejection (AMR), while 3 did in the steroid maintenance group. Moreover, there was no significant difference in AMR between the two groups (χ2=0.06, P=0.814). Conclusion: The steroid withdrawal protection strategy favors the height catch-up growth in pediatric patients after kidney transplantation and does not increase the risk of postoperative antibody-mediated immune rejection.