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1.
مقالة ي الانجليزية | LILACS | ID: biblio-1412372

الملخص

Objective: To present the study protocol for the Homebound Elderly People Psychotherapeutic Intervention (HEPPI), a home-delivered cognitive-emotional intervention aimed at homebound older adults with mild cognitive impairment and depression and/or anxiety symptoms. Methods: A two-arm, open-label, parallel-group randomized controlled trial will be conducted to compare the effects of HEPPI with treatment as usual. Homebound older adults will be recruited from the community through contact with their health care networks in mainland Portugal. All participants will complete baseline, post-intervention, and 3-month follow-up assessments. Primary outcomes will be changes in episodic memory and depression and anxiety symptoms. Secondary outcomes will include changes in general cognition, attentional control, subjective memory complaints, quality of life, functional status, and loneliness. Relevance: The availability of evidence-based home-delivered non-pharmacological interventions meeting the cognitive and emotional needs of the homebound older population could improve their access to mental health care resources and increase their mental health and quality of life.


Objetivo: Apresentar o protocolo do estudo da Homebound Elderly People Psychotherapeutic Intervention (HEPPI), uma intervenção cognitivo-emocional, realizada no domicílio, dirigida a adultos idosos confinados no domicílio com declínio cognitivo leve e sintomatologia depressiva e/ou ansiógena. Métodos: Será realizado um ensaio clínico randomizado, controlado e aberto, com o objetivo de comparar os efeitos da intervenção HEPPI com um grupo de tratamento usual. Os idosos confinados no domicílio serão recrutados na comunidade, em Portugal continental, por meio de contato com sua rede de prestação de cuidados de saúde. Todos os participantes serão avaliados em três momentos: pré-intervenção, pós-intervenção e três meses depois da intervenção. As alterações na memória episódica e na sintomatologia depressiva e ansiógena serão os desfechos primários, já os secundários serão constituídos pelas alterações no funcionamento cognitivo geral, controle atencional, queixas subjetivas de memória, qualidade de vida, capacidade funcional e solidão. Relevância: A disponibilidade de intervenções não farmacológicas em domicílio com evidência empírica, que atendam às necessidades cognitivas e emocionais dos adultos idosos confinados no domicílio, poderá facilitar o seu acesso a recursos de saúde mental, bem como melhorar sua saúde mental e qualidade de vida.


الموضوعات
Humans , Aged , Anxiety/therapy , Cognition Disorders/therapy , Depression/therapy , Health Services for the Aged , Home Care Services , Person-Centered Psychotherapy/methods
2.
In. Graña, Andrea; Calvelo, Estela; Fagúndez, Yohana. Abordaje integral del paciente con cáncer: atención desde la medicina y especialidades. Montevideo, Cuadrado, 2022. p.555-573, tab.
كتاب ي الأسبانية | LILACS, UY-BNMED, BNUY | ID: biblio-1418109
3.
Prensa méd. argent ; 107(7): 333-343, 20210000. fig
مقالة ي الأسبانية | LILACS, BINACIS | ID: biblio-1358825

الملخص

El síndrome de fatiga crónica es una enfermedad caracterizada, principalmente, por la manifestación de la fatiga, el dolor muscular difuso, y alteraciones en el sueño, en un periodo de no menos de 6 meses y que no son explicables por alguna causa. Es llamativo que, luego de un periodo de tiempo de padecer la COVID-19, los pacientes presenten síntomas similares a los hallados en el síndrome de fatiga crónica. A esta afección se la denomino síndrome pos-COVID. Los virus son los principales sospechosos en la aparición de ambos síndromes, estos podrían ocasionar la generación de daño mitocondrial, una neuroinflamación, alteración en el sistema glinfático o la disfunción en el eje hipotálamo-pituitario-adrenal entre otros. Dichos mecanismos serían los implicados en la aparición de los síntomas que padecen los pacientes con estos síndromes. El objetivo de esta revisión literaria es analizar y describir los posibles mecanismos que explicarían la manifestación de los síntomas del síndrome de fatiga crónica en los pacientes que hayan sufrido la COVID-19. Hasta el momento no existen tratamientos totalmente efectivos para erradicar los síntomas en ambos síndromes. Dado el abanico de síntomas que padecen estos pacientes, el enfoque terapéutico debe ser interdisciplinario para tratar de mejorar su calidad de vida.


الموضوعات
Humans , Quality of Life , Fatigue Syndrome, Chronic/etiology , Fatigue Syndrome, Chronic/prevention & control , Fatigue Syndrome, Chronic/therapy , Chronic Disease/therapy , Cognition Disorders/therapy , Mitochondrial Diseases/pathology , Diagnosis, Differential , Glymphatic System , Anosmia/therapy , COVID-19/complications
4.
Rev. cuba. inform. méd ; 11(2)jul.-dic. 2019. graf
مقالة ي الأسبانية | LILACS, CUMED | ID: biblio-1093326

الملخص

El uso de programas de entrenamiento y rehabilitación cognitiva asistido por computadora facilita abordar dificultades del funcionamiento cognitivo con precisión y consistencia. Este tipo de asistencia ha estado basado en los últimos años en juegos serios de tecnologías web, Realidad Virtual y Realidad Aumentada. En el presente trabajo se realizó una revisión bibliográfica de los juegos serios con estas tecnologías para el entrenamiento y la rehabilitación cognitiva, valorándose su incidencia en la motivación y las implicaciones de sus métodos y dispositivos de interacción en personas tratadas con estos juegos. Se exponen evidencias de individuos que han sido atendidos bajo este tipo de tratamiento no farmacológico(AU)


The use of computer-assisted cognitive training and rehabilitation programs facilitates addressing cognitive functioning difficulties with greater precision and consistency. This type of assistance has been based in recent years on serious games of web, Virtual Reality and Augmented Reality technologies. In the present paper, a bibliographic review of serious games with these technologies was carried out for training and cognitive rehabilitation, evaluating their incidence in the motivation and the implications of their methods and interaction devices in people treated with these games. Evidence is presented of individuals who have been treated under this type of non-pharmacological treatment(AU).


الموضوعات
Humans , Male , Female , Cognition , Cognition Disorders/therapy , Video Games , Virtual Reality , Augmented Reality
5.
Prensa méd. argent ; 105(4): 205-213, jun 2019.
مقالة ي الانجليزية | LILACS, BINACIS | ID: biblio-1045980

الملخص

The study was aimed at investigating the features of gnostic functions in the elderly people suffering from dementia. To implement the objectives of the study and to solve the set tasks, the following methods were used: visual gnosis tests (recognition of images, the selection of three subject pictures, selecting parts of a whole, etc.), the acoustic gnosis tests (score and perception of rhythms, recognition of nonspeech sounds), and tactile gnosis tests (tactile identification, Teuber test, Foerster test). When running the visual gnosis tests, the elderly people with the dementia diseases slowly initiated the tasks, made numerous errors, and sometimes could not cope with the tasks at all. Also, the perception integrity disorders, the presence of fragmentation, lack of accuracy, differentiation, preservation of specific objective images-objects, and the violation in the understanding of the spatial arrangement of things were revealed. When performing the auditory-motor coordination tests, the elderly people suffering from dementia needed more time to listen to, they asked for the repeated sound representation, and there were often errors in the rhythmic structure reproduction. When performing the tactile gnosis tests, the elderly people suffering from dementia had difficulties in identifying the subject by touch, in understanding the right and left-sided spatial relationships, and also made errors in recognizing one of the touches when the experimenter touched their hands. Based on the study results, the recommendations have been developed for the preservation and improvement of the existing gnostic functions' disorders in the elderly people suffering from dementia. The recommendations are complex, and they can also be useful for the medical staff whose professional activity is directly related to the elderly people suffering from dementia, their relatives and the persons closest to them.


الموضوعات
Humans , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Pattern Recognition, Visual , Trail Making Test , Acoustics , Cognition , Cognition Disorders/therapy , Dementia/pathology , Agnosia/pathology
6.
Rev. Esc. Enferm. USP ; 53: e03458, 2019. tab, graf
مقالة ي الانجليزية | LILACS, BDENF | ID: biblio-990377

الملخص

ABSTRACT Objective: To identify the best available evidence on the efficacy of Reminiscence Therapy in cognition, depressive symptoms and quality of life in elderly individuals with cognitive impairment. Method: The methodology proposed by the Joanna Briggs Institute was used. Studies focused on group Reminiscence Therapy aimed at institutionalized elderly people with cognitive impairment aged 65 or over were considered. The critical analysis, extraction and synthesis of results was performed by two independent researchers. Results: Four randomized clinical trials and two quasi-experimental studies (n=296) were included. Given the heterogeneous characteristics of studies found, it was impossible to perform a meta-analysis. Of the six studies included, two presented statistically significant results for efficacy in cognition, and three for efficacy in reducing depressive symptoms. In none of the studies was evaluated the elderly's quality of life. Conclusion: Reminiscence Therapy has potential efficacy for maintaining cognition and decrease of depressive symptomatology in the target population.


RESUMEN Objetivo: Identificar la mejor evidencia disponible acerca de la efectividad de la Terapia de Reminiscencia en la cognición, sintomatología depresiva y calidad de vida en ancianos con compromiso cognitivo. Método: Se utilizó la metodología propuesta por el Joanna Briggs Institute. Fueron considerados estudios centrados en la Terapia de Reminiscencia en grupo, dirigida a personas mayores con edad superior o igual a 65 años, con compromiso cognitivo e institucionalizadas. El análisis crítico, extracción y síntesis de resultados los desarrollaron dos investigadores independientes. Resultados: Fueron incluidos cuatro ensayos clínicos randomizados y dos estudios cuasi-experimentales (n=296); las características heterogéneas de los estudios encontrados imposibilitaron el metaanálisis. De los seis estudios incluidos, dos presentaron resultados estadísticamente significativos para la efectividad en la cognición y tres para la efectividad en la reducción de sintomatología depresiva. En ninguno de los estudios se evaluó la calidad de vida de los ancianos. Conclusión: La Terapia de Reminiscencia presenta potencial efectividad en el mantenimiento de la cognición y disminución de la sintomatología depresiva en la población meta.


RESUMO Objetivo: Identificar a melhor evidência disponível sobre a eficácia da Terapia de Reminiscência na cognição, sintomatologia depressiva e qualidade de vida em idosos com compromisso cognitivo. Método: Utilizou-se da metodologia proposta pelo Joanna Briggs Institute. Foram considerados estudos centrados na Terapia de Reminiscência em grupo, dirigida a pessoas idosas com idade superior ou igual a 65 anos, com compromisso cognitivo e institucionalizadas. A análise crítica, extração e síntese de resultados foi desenvolvida por dois investigadores independentes. Resultados: Foram incluídos quatro ensaios clínicos randomizados e dois estudos quasi-experimentais (n=296); as características heterogéneas dos estudos encontrados impossibilitaram a metanálise. Dos seis estudos incluídos, dois apresentaram resultados estatisticamente significativos para a eficácia na cognição e três para a eficácia na redução de sintomatologia depressiva. Em nenhum dos estudos foi avaliada a qualidade de vida dos idosos. Conclusão: A Terapia de Reminiscência apresenta potencial eficácia na manutenção da cognição e diminuição da sintomatologia depressiva na população-alvo.


الموضوعات
Aged , Cognition Disorders/therapy , Depression/therapy , Quality of Life , Patient-Centered Care
7.
Rev. Pesqui. (Univ. Fed. Estado Rio J., Online) ; 9(3): 753-759, jul.-set. 2017. tab, graf
مقالة ي الانجليزية, البرتغالية | LILACS, BDENF | ID: biblio-982957

الملخص

Objective: To evaluate cognitive aspects in institutionalized elderly people before and after realization of cognitive stimulation activities. Method: It is a semi-experimental and quantitative study. It was performed in a Long Term Care Institutions for the Elderly (ILPI) located in Natal, Rio Grande do Norte with the elderly who reached the minimum score in the survey instrument Mini Mental State Examination. They were only 26% of the residents. Results: After stimulation activities it was observed that the elderly were able to maintain or to increase the score for the various aspects evaluated. It was confirmed by statistical analysis using the Wilcoxon test a significant difference between the groups before and after, given by p-value = 0.027. Conclusion: It was identified that the realization of cognitive stimulation activities gets responses that contribute to the increase of the Mini Mental State Examination score.


Objetivo: Avaliar aspectos cognitivos em idosos institucionalizados antes e após a realização de atividades de estimulação cognitiva. Métodos: Trata-se de estudo quase experimental, contemplando uma abordagem quantitativa. Foi realizado em uma instituição de longa permanência na cidade do Natal/RN com os idosos que atingiram o ponto de corte no instrumento de pesquisa Mini Exame do Estado Mental, que somam apenas 26% do total de residentes. Resultados: Após as atividades de estimulação percebeu-se que os idosos conseguiram manter ou aumentar a pontuação dos diversos aspectos avaliados. Foi comprovado pela análise estatística, utilizando o teste de Wilcoxon, que há diferença significativa entre os grupos antes e depois, dado pelo p-valor = 0,027. Conclusão: Identificou-se que com a realização de atividades de estimulação cognitiva foram obtidas respostas que contribuíram para o aumento do escore do Mini Exame do estado mental.


Objetivo: Evaluar los aspectos cognitivos en los ancianos institucionalizados antes y después de realizar actividades de estimulación cognitiva. Método: Se realizó un estudio cuasi-experimental, contemplando un enfoque cuantitativo. Se llevó a cabo en una institución de larga estancia en la ciudad de Natal/RN con las personas mayores que alcanzaron el punto de corte en el instrumento de la encuesta Mini Examen del Estado Mental, que representan sólo el 26 % de todos los residentes. Resultados: Después de actividades de estimulación se dieron cuenta de que los ancianos eran capaces de mantener o aumentar la puntuación de los diferentes aspectos evaluados. Se confirmó por análisis estadístico, usando la prueba de Wilcoxon, una diferencia significativa entre los grupos antes y después, dado por p-valor = 0,027. Conclusión: Se identificó que con la realización de actividades de estimulación cognitiva fueron las respuestas que han contribuido al aumento en la puntuación Mini Examen del Estado Mental.


الموضوعات
Male , Female , Humans , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Cognition , Frail Elderly , Health Services for the Aged , Health of Institutionalized Elderly , Homes for the Aged , Brazil , Cognition Disorders/diagnosis , Cognition Disorders/nursing , Cognition Disorders/prevention & control , Cognition Disorders/therapy
8.
Rev. bras. anestesiol ; 65(6): 491-496, Nov.-Dec. 2015. tab, graf
مقالة ي البرتغالية | LILACS | ID: lil-769891

الملخص

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Epidural catheter bacteria filters are barriers in the patient-controlled analgesia/anaesthesia for preventing contamination at the epidural insertion site. The efficiency of these filters varies according to pore sizes and materials. METHOD: The bacterial adhesion capability of the two filters was measured in vitro experiment. Adhesion capacities for standard Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 25923) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (ATCC 27853) strains of the two different filters (Portex and Rusch) which have the same pore size were examined. Bacterial suspension of 0.5 Mc Farland was placed in the patient-controlled analgesia pump, was filtered at a speed of 5 mL/h. in continuous infusion for 48 h and accumulated in bottle. The two filters were compared with colony counts of bacteria in the filters and bottles. At the same time, the filters and adhered bacteria were monitored by scanning electron microscope. RESULTS: Electron microscopic examination of filters showed that the Portex filter had a granular and the Rusch filter fibrillary structure. Colony counting from the catheter and bottle showed that both of the filters have significant bacterial adhesion capability (p < 0.001). After the bacteria suspension infusion, colony countings showed that the Portex filter was more efficient (p < 0.001). There was not any difference between S. aureus and P. aeruginosa bacteria adhesion. In the SEM monitoring after the infusion, it was physically shown that the bacteria were adhered efficiently by both of the filters. CONCLUSION: The granular structured filter was found statistically and significantly more successful than the fibrial. Although the pore sizes of the filters were same - of which structural differences shown by SEM were the same - it would not be right to attribute the changes in the efficiencies to only structural differences. Using microbiological and physical proofs with regard to efficiency at the same time has been another important aspect of this experiment.


JUSTIFICATIVA E OBJETIVOS: Os filtros antibacterianos para cateter epidural são barreiras da analgesia/anestesia controlada pelo paciente para evitar a contaminação do local de inserção epidural. A eficácia desses filtros varia de acordo com o material e o tamanho dos poros. MÉTODO: A capacidade de aderência bacteriana dos dois filtros foi medida em experimento in vitro. Avaliamos a capacidade de aderência das cepas padrão de Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 25923) e Pseudomonas aeruginosa (ATCC 27853) de dois filtros diferentes (Portex e Rusch), mas com poros do mesmo tamanho. Uma suspensão bacteriana grau 0,5 de McFarland foi colocada na bomba de analgesia controlada pelo paciente e filtrada a uma velocidade de 5 mL/h em infusão contínua por 48 horas e acumulada em frasco. Os dois filtros foram comparados com contagens de colônias de bactérias nos filtros e frascos. Ao mesmo tempo, os filtros e as bactérias aderidas foram monitorados com microscópio eletrônico de varredura. RESULTADOS: O exame dos filtros por microscópico eletrônico mostrou que a estrutura do filtro Portex era granulada e a do filtro Rusch fibrilar. A contagem de colônias do cateter e do frasco mostrou que ambos os filtros tinham uma capacidade de adesão bacteriana significativa (p < 0,001). Após a infusão da suspensão bacteriana, as contagens de colônias mostraram que o filtro Portex foi mais eficiente (p < 0,001). Não houve qualquer diferença entre as adesões de bactérias S. aureus e P. aeruginosa. Na monitoração por MEV após a infusão, ficou fisicamente evidente que as bactérias foram aderidas de modo eficaz por ambos os filtros. CONCLUSÃO: O filtro com estrutura granular foi estatística e significativamente mais bem- sucedido do que o filtro com estrutura fibrilar. Embora o tamanho dos poros dos filtros fosse igual - as diferenças estruturais mostradas pelo MEV eram semelhantes -, não seria justo atribuir as alterações de eficiência apenas às diferenças estruturais. O uso ao mesmo tempo de provas microbiológicas e físicas para avaliar a eficácia foi outro aspecto importante deste experimento.


الموضوعات
Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Cognition Disorders/therapy , Depressive Disorder, Major/therapy , Executive Function/physiology , Psychotherapy/methods , Comorbidity , Cognition Disorders/diagnosis , Cognition Disorders/epidemiology , Depressive Disorder, Major/epidemiology , Severity of Illness Index , Treatment Outcome
9.
Arq. neuropsiquiatr ; 73(2): 90-95, 02/2015. tab
مقالة ي الانجليزية | LILACS | ID: lil-741176

الملخص

Objective This study will evaluate how decreasing depression severity via group psychotherapy affects the cognitive function of patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) who are also diagnosed with depression and cognitive dysfunction. Method MS patients completed the Brief Repeatable Battery of Neuropsychological Tests and Beck Depression Inventory (BDI). The group members diagnosed with depression and cognitive dysfunction underwent group psychotherapy for 3 months. Upon completion of psychotherapy, both tests were readministered. Results Depression and cognitive dysfunction were comorbid in 15 (13.9%) of patients. Although improvement was detected at the end of the 3-month group psychotherapy intervention, it was limited to the BDI and the Paced Auditory Test. Conclusion Group psychotherapy might decrease cognitive impairment in MS patients. .


Objetivo Avaliar como a melhora da depressão grave através da psicoterapia afeta a função cognitiva de pacientes com esclerose múltipla (EM) diagnosticados com depressão e disfunção cognitiva. Método Foram aplicados a pacientes com EM o “Brief Repeatable Battery of Neuropsychological Test” e o ınventário de depressão de beck (BDI). Os pacientes com depressão e disfunção cognitiva foram submetidos a psicoterapia de grupo por 3 meses. Depois desse período, foram reaplicados os mesmos testes. Resultados Depressão e disfunção cognitiva foram detectadas conjuntamente em 15 (13,9%) dos pacientes. Embora os pacientes se tivessem recuperado ao fim dos 3 meses de psicoterapia de grupo, somente através do BDI e do “Paced Auditory Test” foi possível detectar uma recuperação significativa. Conclusão Psicoterapia de grupo pode diminuir o comprometimento cognitivo em pacientes com EM. .


الموضوعات
Adult , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Cognition Disorders/therapy , Cognition/physiology , Depressive Disorder/therapy , Multiple Sclerosis/psychology , Psychotherapy, Group/methods , Analysis of Variance , Cognition Disorders/psychology , Depressive Disorder/psychology , Neuropsychological Tests , Sex Factors , Statistics, Nonparametric , Time Factors , Treatment Outcome
10.
Braz. J. Psychiatry (São Paulo, 1999, Impr.) ; 36(4): 322-329, Oct-Dec/2014. graf
مقالة ي الانجليزية | LILACS | ID: lil-730589

الملخص

Objective: To evaluate the influence of environmental enrichment (EE) on memory, cytokines, and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in the brain of adult rats subjected to experimental pneumococcal meningitis during infancy. Methods: On postnatal day 11, the animals received either artificial cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) or Streptococcus pneumoniae suspension intracisternally at 1 × 106 CFU/mL and remained with their mothers until age 21 days. Animals were divided into the following groups: control, control + EE, meningitis, and meningitis + EE. EE began at 21 days and continued until 60 days of age (adulthood). EE consisted of a large cage with three floors, ramps, running wheels, and objects of different shapes and textures. At 60 days, animals were randomized and subjected to habituation to the open-field task and the step-down inhibitory avoidance task. After the tasks, the hippocampus and CSF were isolated for analysis. Results: The meningitis group showed no difference in performance between training and test sessions of the open-field task, suggesting habituation memory impairment; in the meningitis + EE group, performance was significantly different, showing preservation of habituation memory. In the step-down inhibitory avoidance task, there were no differences in behavior between training and test sessions in the meningitis group, showing aversive memory impairment; conversely, differences were observed in the meningitis + EE group, demonstrating aversive memory preservation. In the two meningitis groups, IL-4, IL-10, and BDNF levels were increased in the hippocampus, and BDNF levels in the CSF. Conclusions: The data presented suggest that EE, a non-invasive therapy, enables recovery from memory deficits caused by neonatal meningitis. .


الموضوعات
Animals , Male , Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor/blood , Cognition Disorders/therapy , Cytokines/blood , Environmental Exposure , Memory Disorders/therapy , Meningitis, Pneumococcal/therapy , Brain/physiopathology , Disease Models, Animal , Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay , Neurogenesis/physiology , Neuronal Plasticity/physiology , Rats, Wistar , Recovery of Function , Reproducibility of Results , Treatment Outcome
11.
Rev. ter. ocup ; 25(1): 51-59, jan.-abr. 2014. ilus, tab
مقالة ي البرتغالية | LILACS | ID: lil-746382

الملخص

O envelhecimento acarreta declínio em funções cognitivas, porém a capacidade de reserva pode ser otimizada, visandomanter e restaurar habilidades. Resultados positivos de programasde estimulação com idosos reforçam essa afirmação. Este trabalho objetiva identificar opiniões de participantes do Programa de estimulação da memória (PEM), desenvolvido pelo Laboratório de Gerontologia do Curso de Terapia Ocupacional da FMUSP. Trata-se de um estudo prospectivo, qualitativo, exploratório e descritivo, realizado em 2013, por meio de grupos focais, junto a indivíduos com sessenta anos ou mais, participantes do PEM em 2010 e 2011. Participaram 21 idosos, sendo 18 mulheres (85,7%), 11 (52,4%) com setenta anos ou mais, 18 (85,8%) com mais de 4 anos de escolaridade. Os participantes referiram dificuldades cognitivas atuais, porém afirmam que o PEM fornece estratégias para compensação, redução e conscientização acerca das mudanças decorrentes doenvelhecimento. Afirmam que o PEM contribuiu para melhora da memória nas atividades cotidianas e trouxeram sugestões para seu aprimoramento, como a de adequação às demandas de cada idoso. Apesar de perdas e recusas de parte dos potenciais participantes,o estudo permitiu obter opiniões acerca do PEM, orientando sua utilização como estratégia em terapia ocupacional.


The aging causes decline in cognitive functions although the cognitive reserve can be optimized aiming to maintain and restore cognitive abilities. Positive results in the stimulationprograms with elderly people reinforces this idea. This work aims to identify the opinions of participants of memory stimulation program (MSP), developed by the Gerontology Laboratory of the Occupational Therapy Course at the School of Medicine of the USP. Thisis a prospective, qualitative, exploratory and descriptive study, thatused focal groups developed in 2013. They were composed by sixty years old people or more, participants of MSP at 2010 and 2011. 21 elderly participated, 85.7% were women, 52.4% seventy years old people or more, 85.8% with more than 4 years of schooling. The participants reported current cognitive diffi culties, but they affirm that the MSP provides strategies both to its compensation, reductionand acquisition of knowledge about the changes related to aging. The participants affi rm that MSP contributed to improved memory in daily activities and they brought up suggestions for its improvement, such as adequacy of MSP to demands of each elderly. Despite that some potential participants didn’t attempted to the study, it allow to obtain opinions about the MSP guiding their use as a strategy of Occupational Therapy.


الموضوعات
Humans , Male , Female , Middle Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Activities of Daily Living , Aging , Focus Groups , Aged , Memory , Health Promotion , Occupational Therapy , Health Services for the Aged , Cognition Disorders/prevention & control , Cognition Disorders/therapy
13.
Rev. cuba. endocrinol ; 23(2): 157-165, mayo-ago. 2012.
مقالة ي الأسبانية | LILACS, CUMED | ID: lil-645538

الملخص

Introducción: la histidinemia es un defecto metabólico dentro del grupo de aminoacidemias. El defecto enzimático de la histidasa (histidin-amono-liasa) provoca alta concentración de histidina en sangre, líquido cefalorraquídeo, en la orina y en el sudor. Métodos: un estudio de caso muestra el desarrollo evolutivo de un niño con histidinemia atípica y el impacto de la rehabilitación desde la edad temprana hasta la edad escolar. Resultados: la condición patológica causada por la histidinemia atípica limita el desarrollo motor, neurológico, neuropsicológico, conductual y escolar del niño. La rehabilitación temprana muestra que las habilidades primarias de la marcha se adquieren en la etapa esperada, pero los problemas motores complejos mantienen su limitación en el desarrollo. Las dificultades en el lenguaje oral persisten en toda la edad temprana, la rehabilitación posibilita su perfeccionamiento con la edad. Conclusiones: la histidinemia atípica muestra en el desarrollo alteraciones neurológicas, neuropsicológicas, neurofisiológicas, conductuales y académicas. La rehabilitación temprana brinda mejores condiciones de vida del infante. El carácter crónico de la enfermedad posibilita un pronóstico negativo en áreas esenciales como la conducta y la vida escolar(AU)


Introduction: histidinemia is a metabolic defect within the group of aminoacidemias. The enzymatic defect of histidase (histidin-amono-lyase) cause high histidine concentration in the blood, the cerebrospinal fluid, in urine, and sweat. Methods: a case study showed the developmental evolution of a child with atypical histidinemia and the impact of rehabilitation from early age to school age. Results: the pathological condition caused by atypical histidinemia limits the motor, neurological, neuropsychological, behavioural and educational development of the child. The early rehabilitation shows that primary gait abilities are acquired in the expected phase, but the complex motor problems remained in the development phase. The language difficulties persist throughout the early childhood, but rehabilitation makes it possible to improve oral expression as age increases. Conclusions: atypical histidinemia reveals neurological, neuropsychological, neurophysiological, behavioural and academic alterations in the development of the child. The early rehabilitation provides better living conditions to the child. The chronic nature of the disease indicates a negative prognosis in essential areas such as behaviour and education(AU)


الموضوعات
Humans , Child , Histidine Ammonia-Lyase/metabolism , Histidine/analysis , Developmental Disabilities , Cognition Disorders/therapy
14.
Salud(i)ciencia (Impresa) ; 18(5): 415-418, ago. 2011.
مقالة ي الأسبانية | LILACS | ID: lil-620049

الملخص

Objetivo: Evaluar la dependencia funcional y el deterioro cognitivo de los pacientes con cáncer avanzado atendidos en sus domicilios dentro de un programa de cuidados paliativos desarrollado por una Unidad de Hospitalización a Domicilio perteneciente a un hospital de tercer nivel (agudos). Pacientes y métodos: Se analizaron 3063 pacientes que corresponden a la totalidad de enfermos de cáncer avanzado atendidos por la unidad entre enero 2000 y diciembre de 2009. Resultados: Se destaca la fuerte dependencia física y el marcado deterioro cognitivo de los pacientes al ingreso en el programa. La estancia media fue de 12 días (desviación estándar 18). El 57.5% de los pacientes falleció en su propio domicilio, el 12% reingresó en nuestro hospital y el 11% fue derivado a una unidad de cuidados paliativos de hospital sociosanitario. Los pacientes que fallecieron en el domicilio eran mayores (72 años) que los que reingresaron en el hospital (68) (p < 0.01) y al ser incluidos en el programa presentaban mayor nivel de dependencia funcional y deterioro cognitivo. Conclusiones: La complejidad relacionada con la dependencia funcional y el deterioro cognitivo de los pacientes y, como consecuencia, con la carga de cuidados que necesitan no determina el lugar de la muerte. La edad de los enfermos es un factor modulador de la ubicación del paciente a lo largo de la evolución de su enfermedad.


الموضوعات
Humans , Male , Female , Aged , Palliative Care/statistics & numerical data , Palliative Care/organization & administration , Palliative Care , Home Care Services/statistics & numerical data , Home Care Services , Cognition Disorders/therapy , Spain
16.
Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology [Andeesheh Va Raftar]. 2011; 17 (1): 44-52
ي اللغة الفارسية | IMEMR | ID: emr-146523

الملخص

The present research investigates the efficacy of Group Cognitive-Remediation Therapy [GCRT] in decreasing clinical symptoms and enhancing cognitive performance among patients with schizophrenia. Forty subjects were randomly selected from inpatients with at Razi Psychiatry Schizophrenia Hospital, and were assigned to one experimental and one control group, each one comprising 20 subjects. Both groups received drug therapy, and the experimental group received 16 sessions of GCRT in addition. Subjects were examined before, during and after intervention, using measures for assessing positive and negative symptoms, neuro-behavioral and cognitive examination, and nurse observation. Data were analyzed using multivariate repeated measures. GCRT had decreased positive and negative symptoms in patients in the experimental group, and enhanced their cognitive performance. However, it had no effect on behavioral performance. Treatment of patients with schizophrenia requires a multifaceted program, which takes cognitive disorders into consideration. GCRT, which is based upon the Iranian socio-cultural situation, could be effective for improving cognitive disorders and decreasing clinical symptoms


الموضوعات
Humans , Schizophrenia/rehabilitation , Cognition Disorders/therapy , Schizophrenic Psychology , Treatment Outcome
17.
Rev. bras. crescimento desenvolv. hum ; 21(3): 894-898, 2011. tab
مقالة ي البرتغالية | LILACS | ID: lil-647173

الملخص

Alterações de humor e distúrbios de saúde mental têm reconhecida influência no comportamento social, familiar e escolar de crianças e adolescentes. A incidência desses transtornos tem apresentado a tendência de aumento em todo o mundo e seu diagnóstico precoce aventa discussões a respeito da interferência dessas patologias no processo natural de desenvolvimento psicocognitivo de seus portadores. Este estudo pretende descrever como a depressão infantil interfere no desenvolvimento cognitivo, a partir de alterações na esfera psicocognitiva. Para tal, foram consultadas as bases de dados da SciELO e da Bi-blioteca Virtual de Saúde (BVS) no período de 2006 a 2011, utilizando os termos "depressão", "infantil" e "desenvolvimento". Após seleção dos resultados, oito artigos foram usados para a elaboração deste trabalho. Os resultados evidenciaram que a depressão infantil repercute negativamente no desenvolvimento cognitivo infantil. Transtornos psíquicos fazem a criança reconhecer-se como incapaz e expressar sentimentos de vergonha, indefinição, baixos níveis de autoestima e distanciamento das demandas da aprendizagem. O profissional de educação deve estar apto a reconhecer essas alterações manifestadas no ambiente escolar. A análise dos estudos mostrou que um ambiente externo saudável possibilita adequada maturação do sistema cognitivo e protege a criança da depressão infantil. Enquanto a maioria dos estudos sugere relação causal entre depressão e dificuldade cognitiva, outros estudos mostram a relação inversa, em que a baixa cognição gera sintomas de depressão. A dificuldade de aprendizagem e a depressão infantil podem coexistir sem que haja, necessariamente, uma relação de causalidade entre si. Dessa forma, faz-se necessário o diagnóstico precoce a fim de que as modificações do desenvolvimento cognitivo possam ser reparadas, sem maiores injúrias para as crianças acometidas.


الموضوعات
Humans , Male , Female , Child , Adolescent , Child Behavior Disorders , Child Development , Cognition Disorders , Depression , Learning Disabilities , Mental Health , Cognition Disorders/therapy , Early Diagnosis
18.
Journal of Guilan University of Medical Sciences. 2010; 18 (72): 81-93
ي اللغة الفارسية | IMEMR | ID: emr-98370

الملخص

Alzheimer as a prevalent central nervous system disease has no definitive treatment yet. So, regarding to herbal medicine recommendation, an important candidate herb, Crocus sativus L. extract [CSE] was investigated on ICY STZ-induced learning, memory, and cognitive impairment in male rats. The Effect of aqueous crocus sativus L. extract on intracerebroventricular streptozotocin-induced cognitive deficits in male rat. We use STZ injection as a model for Alzheimer's disease. For this purpose due to an animal stereotaxic surgery, the rats were injected with STZ-icv bilaterally, on 1st and 3[rd] days [3 mg/kg]. The learning and memory performance was assessed using passive avoidance paradigm, and for spatial cognition evaluation, Y maze task was used. Sixty male rats were divided to following groups: 1- Control, 2- Sham [which received only ACSF], 3-Control + CSE, 4-STZ, 5-STZ+CSE. The STZ-injected rats received CSE [30 mg/kg;i.p.]. These rats were treatment one day before surgery for three weeks and then were subjected to learning and memory tests. In Y maze test the non repetitive percentage of arm entrance were considered as alternation behavior [intelligence quotient]. Data in Passive avoidance task was the latent period [s] for passing from light to dark room due to adaptation periods. However, for the passive avoidance test nonparametric Kruskal-Wallis test was used, which if significant, was followed by Mann-Whitney U-test for pair-wise comparisons. Data for the Y maze task were evaluated by Wilcoxon's rank sum test It was found that CSE-treated STZ-injected rats showed higher correct choices and lower errors in Y maze than vehicle-treated STZ-injected rats. In addition, CSE administration significantly attenuated learning and memory impairment in treated STZ-injected group in passive avoidance test. These results demonstrated the effectiveness of CSE in preventing the cognitive deficits caused by STZ-icv in rats and its potential in the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease


الموضوعات
Animals, Laboratory , Male , Phytotherapy , Plant Extracts , Cognition Disorders/therapy , Alzheimer Disease/therapy , Rats , Memory , Streptozocin , Treatment Outcome
19.
Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing ; : 724-735, 2010.
مقالة ي الكورية | WPRIM | ID: wpr-178461

الملخص

PURPOSE: In this study a cognitive enhancement group training program of 10 sessions was provided for community-dwelling elders and the effects on cognitive function, depression and quality of life were tested. METHODS: A quasi-experimental study using a nonequivalent control group, pre-post design was used. The participants were 87 elders whose cognitive function was within the normal range. Of these elders, 45 were assigned to the experimental group and 42 to the control group. The intervention was conducted once a week for 10 weeks. Chi-square test, t-test, paired t-test, Wilcoxon rank sum test and Wilcoxon signed rank test were used to analyze the data. RESULTS: After the program, the cognitive function (t=-2.85, p=.006), depression (z=2.82, p=.005) and quality of life (t=2.79, p=.007) of the experimental group was significantly better than those of the control group. Especially, immediate recall (z=2.45, p=.014) and concentration (z=2.58, p=.010) in the subcategory of cognitive function were significantly better than that of the control group. CONCLUSION: The findings indicate that the cognitive enhancement group training program was effective in enhancing the cognitive function, depression and quality of life for elders and could therefore be considered as a positive program for emotional and cognitive support for community-dwelling elders.


الموضوعات
Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Female , Humans , Male , Cognition Disorders/therapy , Cognitive Behavioral Therapy , Depression , Memory, Short-Term , Program Evaluation , Quality of Life , Recognition, Psychology
20.
Rev. Fed. Odontol. Colomb ; 71(223): 36-41, mayo-jun. 2008.
مقالة ي الأسبانية | LILACS | ID: lil-541034

الملخص

Objetivo: diseñar, implementar y evaluar un programa de higiene oral para niños y jóvenes con discapacidad cognitiva, psicomotora y de lenguaje. Materiales y métodos: este estudio es cuasi-experimental y su objetivo es mejorar la higiene bucal mediante la implementación de un programa que utiiza las estrategias de musicoterapia (Minueto y Rondó del divertimento en Re efecto Mozart) y tableros de comunicación, en una población de 41 niños y jóvenes etre 3 y 28 años con discapacidad cognitiva, psicomotora y del lenguaje, de la Corporación Seres Integrales Serin. Se hizo una revisión de las deficiencias de cada uno de los niños, se diseñó el programa, capacitación a padres y terapeutas, acondicionamiento de la planta física y acercamiento a la comunidad. Se realizó toma del índice inicial, actividades alusivas a la higiene bucal, toma de índice intermedio, refuerzo de actividades y posteriormente toma de índice final. Resultados: después de la implementación del nivel 0 de estimulación con niños con discapacidad, disminuyó el 33 por ciento del índice de higiene bucal; el nivel 1 disminuyó el 49 por ciento del índice de higiene oral; el nivel 2 disminuyó en un 56 por ciento; el nivel 3 disminuyó el 59 por ciento del índice de higiene oral, el nivel 4 disminuyó el 68 por ciento del índice de higiene oral y el nivel 5 disminuyó en un 70 por ciento del índice de higiene oral. Conclusión: programa de higiene oral donde se utilizaron estrategias tales como la musicoterapia y tableros de comunicación. La capacitación a padres y tutores favoreció la disminución del índice de higiene oral en niños y jóvenes con discapacidad cognitiva psicomotora y del lenguaje.


الموضوعات
Humans , Male , Adolescent , Adult , Child, Preschool , Child , Female , Dental Care for Disabled/methods , Health Education, Dental , Health Programs and Plans , Oral Hygiene/education , Toothbrushing/methods , Music Therapy/methods , Oral Hygiene Index , Data Interpretation, Statistical , Psychomotor Disorders/therapy , Cognition Disorders/therapy , Language Disorders/therapy
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