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1.
S. Afr. j. psychiatry (Online) ; 30: 1-9, 2024. figures, tables
مقالة ي الانجليزية | AIM | ID: biblio-1551526

الملخص

Background: South African legislation advocates for equitable access to mental healthcare services integrated into general healthcare settings. Mental, neurological, and substance use (MNS) disorders are often comorbid. Pharmacoepidemiology provides indirect evidence of service provision for conditions amenable to medicine treatment. Aim: The study aims to evaluate medicine procurement for MNS disorders at different service levels in the health system. Setting: The Public health sector, Gauteng province formed the setting for the study. Method: A secondary analysis of the Gauteng pharmaceutical database was conducted using Anatomic Therapeutic Chemical (ATC) and defined daily dose (DDD) methodology. Anatomic Therapeutic Chemical classes of medicines for MNS disorders were included. Defined daily doses and costs were calculated per 1000 population served by each facility and service level. Statistical comparisons were made using chi-square testing. Results: General healthcare settings accounted for 90% (R118 638 248) and specialised hospitals for 10% (R13 685 032) of expenditure on medicines for MNS disorders, procuring 94% (n = 49 442 474) and 6% (n = 3 311 528) of DDDs, respectively. Although district clinics procured 60% of DDDs, they procured the least per 1000 population served, whereas district hospitals procured the most. For almost all ATC classes, procurement differed significantly between municipalities at every service level and between specialised hospitals. Conclusion: In Gauteng province, most medicines for MNS disorders are procured by general healthcare services, but access to care may not be equitable. While population coverage at district clinics appears low, district hospitals may experience the greatest care burden. Research regarding quality of care at each service level is recommended. Contribution: This study provides insight into service provision for MNS disorders.


الموضوعات
Mental Health , Costs and Cost Analysis
2.
Afr. j. prim. health care fam. med. (Online) ; 16(1): 1-3, 2024. figures, tables
مقالة ي الانجليزية | AIM | ID: biblio-1554855

الملخص

Family medicine is a relatively new discipline in the Democratic of the Congo. It was developed under South­South and Churches Collaboration with the aim of responding in a cost-efficient manner to the crisis of health practitioners in mostly Christian and protestant hospitals based in rural areas in the Democratic Republic of the Congo.


الموضوعات
Physicians, Family , Primary Health Care , Communicable Diseases , Costs and Cost Analysis , Delivery of Health Care , Noncommunicable Diseases , Family , Mentoring
3.
Acta Medica Philippina ; : 1-12, 2024.
مقالة ي الانجليزية | WPRIM | ID: wpr-1006501

الملخص

Objectives@#PhilHealth’s present health benefit scheme is largely centered on in-patient services. This inadvertently incentivizes hospital admissions for increased access to benefit coverage. To address this problem, this study proposes a costing method to comprehensively finance outpatient care. The objective of this paper is to estimate an annual primary care benefit package (PCBP) cost based on experience analysis (actual benefit usage) on the first year of implementation at an urban pilot site. @*Methods@#A cost analysis was conducted to assess a disease-agnostic primary care benefit package for an urban outpatient government facility over the first year of implementation. Costing information was gathered through staff interviews, accounting documents, and usage data from the electronic health records system available on-site. @*Results@#The annual primary care cost was defined as the estimated financial coverage for eligible employees and their eligible dependents (n=15,051). The annual utilization rate for consultations was reported at 51%. Of patients who consulted, approximately 38% accessed free available diagnostic procedures and 48% availed of free available medicines. Based on these usage rates, the annual primary care cost for the first year was computed at PhP 403.22 per capita. @*Conclusion@#Our study shows that on the first year of coverage in a government run urban outpatient facility, an allocation of PhP 403.22 per capita can allow coverage for a disease-agnostic package (comprehensive); this amount excludes out-of-pocket expenses incurred by the target population of this study. This amount is feasible only when coopted with opportunistic registration, reduction of untargeted check-ups, prior contextual community engagement, and streamlining of patient-transactions through an electronic health record (EHR).


الموضوعات
Healthcare Financing , Costs and Cost Analysis , Primary Health Care
4.
Acta Medica Philippina ; : 7-14, 2024.
مقالة ي الانجليزية | WPRIM | ID: wpr-1006398

الملخص

Objective@#This paper aims to provide a better understanding of the different engagement, cost, and resource considerations in developing and implementing mHealth solutions in the Philippines during the COVID-19 pandemic. @*Methods@#First, six participants completed a form to document the estimated costs of developing a pseudo mobile application with features to mitigate the pandemic. Second, ten key informant interviews determined the facilitators, barriers, and resource requirements in developing mHealth tools. @*Results@#The average cost estimate to develop and roll out a mobile application with public health and epidemiology features is Php 4,018,907 (US $78,650). The analysis of the interviews resulted in 12 themes organized in three domains: 1) facilitators and barriers in developing and sustaining mHealth solutions; 2) costs of sustaining mHealth technologies; and 3) factors affecting the costs of development and maintenance of mHealth technologies. @*Conclusion@#While differences in the cost estimates are evident, it provides a ballpark figure and the different factors that implementers need to sustain and maintain an mHealth solution. This paper hopes to inform policies and practices in engaging technology solution partners and in scaling up mHealth technologies.


الموضوعات
Telemedicine , COVID-19 , Costs and Cost Analysis
5.
Braz. j. biol ; 84: e255493, 2024. tab
مقالة ي الانجليزية | LILACS, VETINDEX | ID: biblio-1360217

الملخص

The demand for products to replace high-cost raw materials, such oil and fish meal, in the manufacture of feed for use in aquaculture, while also guaranteeing the nutritional quality of the diets, is increasing. Silage produced with fish and vegetables residues is a low-cost and efficient protein source. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the physiological and biochemical responses of tambaqui fingerlings fed four different levels of silage included in commercial feed with 28% crude protein, over two periods: 45 and 90 days. Each treatment was carried out over three replications, with 10 tambaqui in each 100 L experimental tank. At the end of each established period, blood samples were collected from five animals from each repetition to determine the hematological and biochemical variables. Body weight and total length, hepatosomatic and liposomal indices and hematocrit of specimens fed with diets supplemented with silage did not exhibit significant changes in both assessment period. After 45 days of feeding, the hemoglobin concentration increased when tambaqui were fed a diet including 20% silage. The red blood cell count, mean corpuscular volume and mean corpuscular hemoglobin did not change between treatments in either period. The total protein concentrations increased significantly in the plasma of tambaqui fed with diets with the inclusion of 5 and 10% of silage, evaluated after feeding for 45 days. It was found that the groups which had silage included in their diet did not exhibit significant alterations in the evaluated parameters, and the diet was therefore not consider harmful to the health of tambaqui. Therefore, the use of silage as a feed supplement during tambaqui farming is a sustainable alternative for producers, as it leads to a reduction of impacts of fish and vegetables waste disposal.


A procura por insumos que substituam produtos de alto custo, como óleo e farinha de peixe, na fabricação de rações para uso na aquicultura é crescente, sendo necessário garantir a qualidade nutricional das dietas. A silagem produzida a partir de resíduos de pescado e de vegetais apresenta-se como uma alternativa de baixo custo e eficiente fonte proteica. O objetivo do presente estudo foi avaliar as respostas fisiológicas e bioquímicas de alevinos de tambaqui alimentados com quatro níveis de inclusão de silagem em ração comercial com 28% de proteína bruta, em dois períodos: 45 e 90 dias. Cada tratamento foi realizado em três repetições, com 10 tambaquis em cada caixa experimental de 100 L. Ao término de cada período estabelecido, amostras sanguíneas foram coletadas de cinco animais de cada repetição para determinação das variáveis hematológicas e bioquímicas. Peso, comprimento total e índices hepatossomático e lipossomático de espécimes alimentados com silagem não mostraram alterações significativas em ambos os períodos de avaliação, bem como os valores de hematócrito. A concentração de hemoglobina de tambaqui após 45 dias de alimentação aumentou quando foi fornecida dieta com inclusão de 20% de silagem. A contagem de eritrócitos, volume corpuscular médio e hemoglobina corpuscular média não apresentaram alterações entre os tratamentos, em ambos os períodos. As proteínas totais aumentaram significativamente no plasma de tambaquis que receberam dietas com inclusão de 5 e 10% de silagem, avaliados após 45 dias de alimentação. Evidenciou-se que os grupos com inclusão de silagem na dieta não apresentaram alterações significativas nos parâmetros avaliados, assim não sendo prejudiciais à higidez do tambaqui. Portanto, o uso da silagem como suplemento alimentar durante o cultivo do tambaqui é uma alternativa sustentável para produtores, por promover a redução do descarte de resíduos de pescado e da agricultura.


الموضوعات
Animals , Aquaculture , Dietary Supplements , Costs and Cost Analysis , Diet , Fishes/growth & development
6.
Nursing (Ed. bras., Impr.) ; 26(306): 10030-10037, dez.2023. tab
مقالة ي الانجليزية, البرتغالية | LILACS, BDENF | ID: biblio-1526476

الملخص

Objetivos: - reconhecer a importância da equipa multidisciplinar na abordagem à pessoa com ferida complexa na cicatrização de feridas; - mapear a evidência/conhecimento sobre a temática em estudo. Método: Scoping review realizada entre 04 de janeiro e 01 de fevereiro de 2020, nas bases de dados Repositório Científico de Acesso Aberto de Portugal (RCAAP), EBSCO host (CINAHL e Medline) e Web of Science, utilizando estratégias de pesquisa adaptadas a cada base de dados. Resultados e discussão: A evidência científica demonstra a importância das equipas multidisciplinares na abordagem à pessoa com ferida complexa. Conclusão: Tratando-se de um processo complexo, é fundamental ter em consideração todos os elementos que influenciam e atrasam a cicatrização, para se conseguir melhorar os resultados no tratamento e nos custos associados.(AU)


Objectives: - to recognize the importance of the multidisciplinary team in the approach to the person with a complex wound in wound healing; - to map the evidence/knowledge on the subject under study. Method: Scoping review carried out between January 4 and February 1, 2020, in the databases Repositório Científico de Acesso Aberto de Portugal (RCAAP), EBSCO host (CINAHL and Medline) and Web of Science, using search strategies adapted to each database. Results and discussion: The scientific evidence demonstrates the importance of multidisciplinary teams in dealing with people with complex wounds. Conclusion: As this is a complex process, it is essential to take into account all the elements that influence and delay healing, in order to improve treatment results and associated costs. (AU)


Objetivos: - reconocer la importancia del equipo multidisciplinar en el abordaje de la persona con herida compleja en la cicatrización de heridas; - mapear la evidencia/conocimiento sobre el tema objeto de estudio. Método: Revisión de alcance realizada entre el 04 de enero y el 01 de febrero de 2020, en las bases de datos Repositório Científico de Acesso Aberto de Portugal (RCAAP), EBSCO host (CINAHL y Medline) y Web of Science, utilizando estrategias de búsqueda adaptadas a cada base de datos. Resultados y discusión: La evidencia científica demuestra la importancia de los equipos multidisciplinares en el abordaje de las personas con heridas complejas. Conclusión: Al tratarse de un proceso complejo, es fundamental tener en cuenta todos los elementos que influyen y retrasan la cicatrización para mejorar los resultados del tratamiento y los costes asociados.(AU)


الموضوعات
Patient Care Team , Wound Healing , Wounds and Injuries , Costs and Cost Analysis
7.
J. bras. econ. saúde (Impr.) ; 15(3): 190-199, Dezembro/2023.
مقالة ي الانجليزية, البرتغالية | LILACS, ECOS | ID: biblio-1553993

الملخص

Objective: To generate data on the costs associated with the diagnosis and treatment of obstructive ypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) from the perspective of the private health system in Brazil. Methods: A modified Delphi panel including seven different specialists (three clinical cardiologists with experience in obstructive HCM, two hemodynamicists with experience in septal ablation and two cardiac surgeons with expertise in myectomy), from two Brazilian states (São Paulo and Pernambuco), was conducted between August and November 2022. Two rounds of questions about the use of healthcare resources according to the functional class (NYHA I-IV) and a panel in a virtual platform were conducted to obtain the final consensus. Micro-costing defined costs and unit values were determined based on official price lists. Results: The total diagnosis cost per patient was estimated at BRL 11,486.81. The obstructive HCM management costs analysis showed average annual costs per patient of BRL 17,026.74, BRL 19,401.46, BRL 73,310.07, and BRL 94,885.75 for the functional classes NYHA I, NYHA II, NYHA III, and NYHA IV, respectively. The average costs per patient related to procedures in a year were BRL 12,698.53, BRL 13,462.30, BRL 58,841.67, and BRL 75,595.90 for the functional classes NYHA I, II, III, and IV, respectively. Conclusions: The annual costs of HCM management increased according to the functional class, highlighting the need for safe and effective strategies to improve patient's NYHA functional class while promoting a decrease in the need for invasive therapies.


Objetivo: Gerar dados acerca dos custos associados ao diagnóstico e tratamento da cardiomiopatia hipertrófica (CMH) obstrutiva, sob a perspectiva do sistema de saúde privado no Brasil. Métodos: Um painel Delphi modificado incluindo sete especialistas (três cardiologistas clínicos com experiência em CMH obstrutiva, dois hemodinamicistas com experiência em ablação de septo e dois cirurgiões cardíacos com experiência em miectomia) de dois estados brasileiros (São Paulo e Pernambuco) foi conduzido entre agosto e novembro de 2022. Foram realizadas duas rodadas de perguntas acerca da utilização de recursos de acordo com a classe funcional (NYHA I-IV) e uma reunião virtual para obtenção do consenso final. Os custos foram definidos por meio de microcusteio, e os valores unitários foram definidos com base em listas de preço oficiais. Resultados: O custo total do diagnóstico por paciente foi estimado em R$ 11.486,81. A análise de custos de manejo da CMH obstrutiva mostrou custos médios anuais por paciente de R$ 17.026,74, R$ 19.401,46, R$ 73.310,07 e R$ 94.885,75 para as classes funcionais NYHA I, NYHA II, NYHA III e NYHA IV, respectivamente. Os custos médios por paciente relacionados a procedimentos em um ano foram de R$ 12.698,53, R$ 13.462,30, R$ 58.841,67 e R$ 75.595,90 para as classes NYHA I, II, III e IV, respectivamente. Conclusões: Os custos anuais com o manejo da CMH aumentam de acordo com a classe funcional, destacando a necessidade de estratégias seguras e eficazes capazes de melhorar a classe funcional NYHA do paciente, ao mesmo tempo que promove diminuição da necessidade de terapias invasivas.


الموضوعات
Cardiomyopathy, Hypertrophic , Delphi Technique , Costs and Cost Analysis , Supplemental Health
8.
J. bras. econ. saúde (Impr.) ; 15(3): 172-177, Dezembro/2023.
مقالة ي الانجليزية, البرتغالية | LILACS, ECOS | ID: biblio-1553985

الملخص

Objetivo: Estimar o custo da sequência de tratamento considerando as terapias com niraparibe e bevacizumabe, respectivamente, como terapias de manutenção de 1L e 2L para pacientes com câncer de ovário (CO) epitelial com deficiência de recombinação homóloga (HRD) e BRCA selvagem (BRCAwt) em um horizonte temporal de cinco anos, sob a perspectiva do sistema de saúde suplementar brasileiro. Métodos: Foi desenvolvido um modelo de sobrevida particionado com três transições de estados de saúde, considerando os seguintes regimes em 1L e 2L, respectivamente: carboplatina + paclitaxel seguido de terapia de manutenção com niraparibe; carboplatina + gencitabina + bevacizumabe seguido pela continuação de bevacizumabe. As posologias em bula e as curvas de sobrevida livre de progressão dos respectivos estudos pivotais em cada uma das linhas terapêuticas foram utilizadas na análise, e o custo de tratamento foi calculado a partir da lista oficial de preços de medicamentos da CMED de abril de 2023. Resultados: O custo em 1L e 2L foi de BRL 868.830 e BRL 403.407, totalizando BRL 1.272.237 em um horizonte temporal de cinco anos, com 2,28 e 0,52 anos de vida livre de progressão, respectivamente, na 1L e 2L, com o total de 2,8 anos. Conclusões: O resultado da análise de custo de sequência de tratamento de câncer de ovário HRD/BRCAwt apresentou um custo total estimado de BRL 1.272.237, com 2,8 anos de vida livre de progressão. Essa análise contribui no entendimento dos custos e da eficácia esperada com o uso da terapia de manutenção de niraparibe em 1L e bevacizumabe em 2L em um horizonte temporal de cinco anos.


Objective: To estimate the cost of the treatment sequence, considering the maintenance therapies niraparib and bevacizumab, respectively, as maintenance therapies in 1L and 2L for patients with epithelial ovarian cancer with homologous recombination deficiency (HRD) and BRCA wild-type (BRCAwt) over a 5-year time horizon from the perspective of the Brazilian supplementary health system. Methods: A partitioned survival model was developed with three health state transitions, considering the following regimens in the 1L and 2L, respectively: carboplatin + paclitaxel followed by maintenance therapy with niraparib; carboplatin + gemcitabine + bevacizumab followed by the continuation of bevacizumab. The product's label and progression-free survival curves from the respective pivotal studies in each of the therapeutic lines were used in the analysis and the cost of treatment was calculated using as a reference the official CMED drug price list from April 2023. Results: The cost in 1L and 2L was BRL 868,830 and BRL 403,407, totaling BRL 1,272,237 over a 5-year period, with 2.28 and 0.52 years of progression-free survival, respectively in 1L and 2L, with a total of 2.8 years. Conclusions: The result of the analysis of the cost of the treatment sequence of ovarian cancer HRD/BRCAwt presented an estimated total cost of 1,272,237 with 2.8 year of progression-free survival. This analysis contributes to understand the expected cost and effectiveness with the use of maintenance therapy niraparib in 1L and bevacizumab in 2L over a 5-year time horizon.


الموضوعات
Ovarian Neoplasms , Costs and Cost Analysis , Supplemental Health , Poly(ADP-ribose) Polymerase Inhibitors
9.
Revista Digital de Postgrado ; 12(3): 373, dic. 2023. ilus, tab, graf
مقالة ي الأسبانية | LILACS, LIVECS | ID: biblio-1531731

الملخص

La Canasta Alimentaria Normativa (CAN) es un instrumento estratégico de planificación y seguimiento, que impacta el ámbito económico (fijación del salario mínimo SM y del umbral de la pobreza relativa), la seguridad alimentaria y la salud pública. El objetivo fue describir la evolución histórica de la CAN en Venezuela, contrastando su valoración económica respecto al SM durante el período 1990 ­ 2023. Tipo de estudio: Descriptivo. Se empleó la CAN del Instituto Nacional de Estadísticas/Instituto Nacional de Nutrición (INE/INN) y su comparación con la canasta del Centro de Documentación y Análisis Social de la Federación Venezolana de Maestros(CENDAS ­ FVM). Los valores mensuales de la CAN y del SM se recalcularon a dólares USA, de acuerdo a la tasa de cambio oficial. No se incluyó evaluación de la estructura interna, ni sus expresiones en términos de aporte de energía y nutrientes. Resultados: Desde 1990 hasta el año 2015, se requirieron entre1,0 y 1,8 SM y entre 0,6 y 1,7 Ingresos Mínimos Legales (IML)para acceder a la CAN. Para el año 2023 se requirieron hasta 78,3SM y 51,6 IML. El valor promedio de la canasta del CENDAS-FVM fue superior al valor de la CAN INE/INN, en una proporción de 1,7: 1. Conclusiones: la CAN resultó sensible en identificar los cambios y tendencias de su estimación económica, en el ambiente inflacionario venezolano. El uso de sus resultados está sujeta a cierto grado de discrecionalidad política. El costo de la CAN, expresa una contracción del poder de compra de los hogares venezolanos con potenciales impactos sobre la nutrición y la salud física y mental a corto y largo plazo.


The Normative Food Basket (NFB) represents astrategic planning and monitoring instrument, which impactsthe economic sphere (setting of the minimum wage (MW) andthe relative poverty threshold), food security and public health.The objective was to describe the historical evolution of the NFB in Venezuela, contrasting its economic valuation with respect to the MW during the period 1990 ­ 2023. Type of study: Descriptive. The NFB of the National Institute of Statistics/National Institute of Nutrition (NIS/NIN) was used and itscomparison with the basket of the Center for Documentationand Social Analysis of the Venezuelan Federation of Teachers (CENDAS ­ FVM). The monthly values of the NFB and theMW were recalculated into dollars (US$), according to theofficial exchange rate. No evaluation of the internal structurewas included, nor its expressions in terms of energy and nutrientcontribution. Results: From 1990 to 2015, between 1.0 and1.8 MW and between 0.6 and 1.7 Minimum Legal Income(MLI) were required to access the NFB. By 2023, up to 78.3MW and 51.6 MLI were required. The average value of the CENDAS-FVM basket was higher than the value of the NFBNIS/NIN, in a proportion of 1.7: 1. Conclusions: As a statistical operation, the NFB was sensitive in identifying changes andtrends in its estimate economic, in the Venezuelan inflationaryenvironment. The use of its results is subject to a certain degree ofpolitical discretion. The cost of CAN expresses a contraction inthe purchasing power of Venezuelan households with potentialimpacts on nutrition and physical/mental health in the shortand long term.


الموضوعات
Humans , Male , Female , Public Health , Malnutrition/economics , Food Supply/statistics & numerical data , Food Supply/standards , Food Supply/statistics & numerical data , Socioeconomic Factors , Costs and Cost Analysis/statistics & numerical data , Basic Health Services , Feeding Behavior , Inflation, Economic
10.
Rev. enferm. UERJ ; 31: e74612, jan. -dez. 2023.
مقالة ي الانجليزية, البرتغالية | LILACS, BDENF | ID: biblio-1444841

الملخص

Objetivo: analisar os custos operacionais de um pronto-socorro relacionados ao atendimento de pacientes COVID-19 em 2020 e 2021. Método: estudo transversal, descritivo de abordagem quantitativa. A mensuração dos custos utilizou-se da perspectiva do gestor hospitalar, por meio de microcusteio por absorção. Custos diretos, indiretos e variáveis, foram avaliados de cima para baixo (top-down). Resultados: o perfil predominante foi de homens, com idades entre 61 e 70 anos, casados, brancos e moradores de Londrina (Paraná, Brasil). O tempo médio de internação para pacientes graves foi 12,20 dias e, para os demais, 8,38 dias. O desfecho principal foi a alta hospitalar. Os custos operacionais em 2020 foram de R$28.461.152,87, já em 2021 os valores encontrados foram R$43.749.324,61. O custo médio do paciente-dia foi de R$2.614,45 em 2020 para R$3.351,93 em 2021. Conclusão: verificou-se aumento dos custos no período estudado. Conhecer os custos operacionais do pronto-socorro, possibilita o planejamento financeiro institucional contribuindo para qualificar a tomada de decisões gerenciais(AU)


Objective: to analyze the operating costs of an emergency room related to the care of COVID-19 patients in 2020 and 2021. Method: cross-sectional, descriptive study with a quantitative approach. The measurement of costs was used from the perspective of the hospital manager, through absorption micro-costing. Direct, indirect and variable costs were evaluated from top to bottom (top-down). Results: the predominant profile was men, aged between 61 and 70 years, married, white and living in Londrina (Paraná, Brazil). The mean length of stay for critically ill patients was 12.20 days and for the others, 8.38 days. The main outcome was hospital discharge. Operating costs in 2020 were BRL 28,461,152.87, while in 2021 the values found were BRL 43,749,324.61. The average patient-day cost went from R$2,614.45 in 2020 to R$3,351.93 in 2021. Conclusion: costs increased in the study period. Be aware of the operational costs of emergency room, enablement or institutional financial planning, contributing to qualify management decision-making(AU)


Objetivo: analizar los costos operativos de un servicio de urgencias relacionado con la atención de pacientes con COVID-19 en los años 2020 y 2021. Método: estudio descriptivo transversal con enfoque cuantitativo. Se utilizó la medición de costos desde la perspectiva del gestor del hospital, a través del microcosteo por absorción. Los costos directos, indirectos y variables se evaluaron de arriba hacia abajo (top-down). Resultados: el perfil predominante fue el de hombres, con edad entre 61 y 70 años, casados, blancos y residentes en Londrina (Paraná, Brasil). La estancia media de internación de los pacientes críticos fue de 12,20 días y, de los demás, de 8,38 días. El resultado principal fue el alta hospitalaria. Los costos operacionales en 2020 fueron de R$ 28.461.152,87, mientras que en 2021 los valores encontrados fueron de R$ 43.749.324,61. Los costos medios del paciente/día aumentaron de R$2.614,45 en 2020 a R$3.351,93 en 2021. Conclusión: se observó un aumento de los costos en el periodo estudiado. Conocer los costos operativos de un servicio de urgencias posibilita la planificación financiera institucional, contribuyendo a calificar la toma de decisiones gerenciales(AU)


الموضوعات
Humans , Male , Female , Hospital Costs/organization & administration , Costs and Cost Analysis/economics , Emergency Medical Services/economics , Cross-Sectional Studies , COVID-19 , Document Analysis
12.
J. bras. econ. saúde (Impr.) ; 15(1): 59-66, Abril/2023.
مقالة ي الانجليزية, البرتغالية | LILACS, ECOS | ID: biblio-1437952

الملخص

Objective: To assess healthcare resource utilization and hospitalization costs of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) exacerbations in the Brazilian private healthcare system. Methods: A retrospective cohort study, considering data from an administrative database of a private company (Orizon). Patients aged ≥40 years old and with at least one COPD-related claim identified by the ICD-10 code (J40 to J44) at any time during the eligibility period (January/2010 to December/2013) were included in the analysis. Follow-up was performed until December/2014, death or inactivation of a health plan. Sociodemographic characteristics, number of emergency visits, hospital admissions (number and length of stay), length of hospital stay in an intensive care unit (ICU), number of severe COPD exacerbations, therapeutic approach, and hospitalization costs were assessed. Results: The analysis included 8,254 COPD patients. Emergency visits, hospital admission, and exacerbation rates were 0.4, 0.2, and 0.1 per person-year, respectively. The mean length of hospital stays and the length of stay of patients requiring or not ICU stay were 16.6 (SD = 77.0), 8.7 (SD = 36.9), and 27.6 (SD = 109.7), respectively. Mean costs associated to emergency department visits and hospitalizations were 258.2 BRL (SD = 383.1) and 38,165.4 BRL (SD = 124,683.5), respectively. Hospitalizations costs without ICU stay were 11,810.1 BRL (SD = 31,144.1) and 74,585.3 BRL (SD = 182,808.1) for those with ICU utilization. Conclusion: Costs for COPD management during disease exacerbation are very high and may reach almost 75 thousand BRL per hospitalization. The prevention of COPD exacerbations and better disease control may reduce the economic burden on the private healthcare system in Brazil.


Objetivo: Avaliar a utilização de recursos e custos de pacientes com exacerbação da doença pulmonar obstrutiva crônica (DPOC) no sistema de saúde suplementar (SSS) do Brasil. Métodos: Estudo de coorte retrospectiva, considerando banco de dados administrativo de uma empresa privada (Orizon). Pacientes com ≥40 anos e pelo menos um registro de admissão relacionado à DPOC identificado com CID-10 J40-J44, entre janeiro/2010 e dezembro/2013, foram incluídos e acompanhados até dezembro/2014, morte ou inativação no plano. Características sociodemográficas, número de visitas de emergência, admissões hospitalares (número e tempo de hospitalização), tempo de hospitalização em unidade de terapia intensiva (UTI), número de exacerbações graves, estratégias terapêuticas e custos hospitalares foram as variáveis analisadas. Resultados: A análise incluiu 8.254 pacientes com DPOC. As taxas de visita à emergência, internação hospitalar e exacerbação da doença foram de 0,4, 0,2 e 0,1 por pessoa-ano, respectivamente. Os tempos médios de hospitalização, hospitalização sem utilização de UTI e hospitalização com necessidade de UTI foram de 16,6 (DP = 77,0), 8,7 (DP = 36,9) e 27,6 (DP = 109,7) dias, respectivamente. Os custos médios relacionados à visita de emergência e por hospitalização foram de 258,2 BRL (DP = 383,1) e 38.165,4 BRL (DP = 124.683,5), respectivamente. Os custos para pacientes que não utilizaram UTI foram de 11.810,1 BRL (DP = 31.144,1) e de 74.585,3 BRL (DP = 182.808,1) para aqueles com necessidade desse serviço. Conclusão: Os custos para o manejo dos pacientes com exacerbação da DPOC são muito elevados, podendo chegar a 75.000 BRL por hospitalização. A prevenção de exacerbações e o melhor controle da doença podem reduzir esse impacto econômico no SSS.


الموضوعات
Costs and Cost Analysis , Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive , Supplemental Health
13.
J. bras. econ. saúde (Impr.) ; 15(1): 71-80, Abril/2023.
مقالة ي الانجليزية, البرتغالية | LILACS, ECOS | ID: biblio-1437963

الملخص

Objetivo: Determinar a incidência de flebite, fatores de risco associados e custos diretos de tratamento. Métodos: Estudo descritivo, correlacional, com análise de custo direto. Utilizaram-se dados da documentação dos enfermeiros entre janeiro 2019 e agosto 2021. Resultados: Incluíram-se 2.374 pessoas com cateter venoso periférico, com internamento na cardiologia. A incidência de flebite foi de 12,38%, das quais 78,23% eram de grau 1 de severidade. Verificou-se associação estatística entre o desenvolvimento de flebite e a administração de amiodarona endovenosa, dias de hospitalização e serviço de internamento. Estimaram-se 1662€ de custos adicionais ao tratamento da flebite, em material clínico e horas de cuidados de enfermagem. Conclusão: Os cuidados de enfermagem são eficazes na identificação precoce e tratamento da flebite, promovendo redução de custos adicionais e garantindo melhores cuidados e ganhos em saúde.


Objective: This study aimed to identify the incidence rate of phlebitis, associated risk factors and treatment direct costs. Methods: Descriptive, correlational study with direct cost analisys. Data from the nurses' clinical records between January 2019 and August 2021 were used. Results: Included 2,374 files of people with peripheral venous catheter who were admitted to Cardiology. The phlebitis incidence rate was 12.38% and regarding severity 78.23% were grade 1. The phlebitits was significantly related with intravenous amiodarone administration, length of stay and physical department. This represents €1662 of additional treatment costs, in clinical supplies and nursing time. Conclusion: Nursing care is effective in the early identification and treatment of phlebitis, reducing costs and improve clinical and economic outcomes.


الموضوعات
Phlebitis , Catheterization, Peripheral , Costs and Cost Analysis , Catheters , Nursing Care
14.
J. bras. econ. saúde (Impr.) ; 15(1): 24-31, Abril/2023.
مقالة ي الانجليزية, البرتغالية | LILACS, ECOS | ID: biblio-1437938

الملخص

Objective: The study aimed to describe the profile and economic burden of patients with depression from the perspective of the Brazilian Private Healthcare System (PHS). Methods: A two-step methodological quantitative-qualitative research design was performed: retrospective descriptive analysis of the Orizon database of patients with at least one claim of depression (F33, F38, or F39) in PHS (2013-2019) and experienced physicians perspective from an expert meeting. Results: 1,802 patients fulfilling the eligibility criteria counted BRL 74,978 million across the 4-year period. Over this period, nearly 60% of patients had a medical appointment (6.6 appointments per patient, on average), 61% had a psychologist, 9.8% had a psychiatrist appointment, and an average of 115.2 exams and 8.7 emergency visits per patient were performed. According to the experts, the economic impact of depression is more significant when considering the indirect costs related to productivity loss and impairment in occupational and interpersonal functioning. Conclusion: Identifying and diagnosing patients with depression and their real burden is challenging; even with significant costs identified in the claim database analyses in the Brazilian PHS, the real impact must be higher if indirect costs are considered. The depressive disorder should be prioritized in the Brazilian PHS to establish more adequate health policies.


Objetivo: O estudo teve como objetivo descrever o perfil e a carga econômica de pacientes com depressão na perspectiva do Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS). Métodos: Foi realizado um projeto de pesquisa quantitativo-qualitativo metodológico em duas etapas: análise descritiva retrospectiva do banco de dados Orizon de pacientes com pelo menos uma alegação de depressão (F33, F38 ou F39) no PHS (2013- 2019) e perspectiva de médicos experientes de uma reunião de especialistas. Resultados: 1.802 pacientes que preencheram os critérios de elegibilidade totalizaram R$ 74,978 milhões no período de 4 anos. Nesse período, cerca de 60% dos pacientes tiveram consulta médica (6,6 consultas por paciente, em média), 61% tiveram psicólogo, 9,8% consulta com psiquiatra e foram realizados em média 115,2 exames e 8,7 atendimentos de emergência por paciente . Segundo os especialistas, o impacto econômico da depressão é mais significativo quando considerados os custos indiretos relacionados à perda de produtividade e prejuízo no funcionamento ocupacional e interpessoal. Conclusão: Identificar e diagnosticar pacientes com depressão e sua real carga é desafiador; mesmo com custos significativos identificados nas análises da base de sinistros do SUS brasileiro, o impacto real deve ser maior se considerados os custos indiretos. O transtorno depressivo deve ser priorizado na APS brasileira para o estabelecimento de políticas de saúde mais adequadas.


الموضوعات
Costs and Cost Analysis , Depression , Supplemental Health
15.
Saúde Soc ; 32(2): e220510pt, 2023. tab, graf
مقالة ي البرتغالية | LILACS | ID: biblio-1450454

الملخص

Resumo O objetivo deste artigo é apontar hipóteses de contradições que estariam incubadas historicamente nos sistemas de atividades da Vale, e que podem ter levado ao maior desastre ambiental do Brasil: o rompimento da barragem B I em Brumadinho, bem como à interdição de muitas outras barragens da empresa no estado de Minas Gerais, Brasil. Trata-se de uma análise de caso a partir de dados secundários disponíveis em entrevistas, documentos e textos publicados em diferentes mídias entre 2011 e 2021. Procuramos demonstrar, a partir da Teoria Histórico-Cultural da Atividade, as contradições verificadas em e entre sistemas de atividades da Vale, pois a empresa distribuiu dividendos vultosos aos seus acionistas, remunerou como nunca seus diretores, reduziu os custos em relação às receitas e diminuiu brutalmente a dívida interna, mas manteve investimentos insuficientes na gestão das barragens, culminando no rompimento da B I em 2019 e em 29 barragens interditadas em março de 2021. A financeirização tornou-se central para as operações da empresa. Este estudo aponta para um caminho metodológico do diálogo interdisciplinar que ajuda a esclarecer como as decisões gerenciais estratégicas, especialmente aquelas da gestão financeira, poderiam influenciar a gestão de produção, de manutenção e de segurança das barragens de rejeitos.


Abstract The objective of this article is to point out hypotheses of contradictions historically incubated in Vale's activity systems and that may have led to Brazil's biggest environmental disaster, the B I dam break in Brumadinho, and the interdiction of many other dams owned by Vale in the state of Minas Gerais, Brazil. This is a case analysis from secondary data available in interviews, documents, and texts published in different media between 2011 and 2021. We try to demonstrate, from the Historical-Cultural Theory of Activity, the contradictions verified in and between Vale's activity systems, since the company distributed large dividends to its shareholders, remunerated its directors as never before, reduced costs in relation to incomes, and brutally reduced internal debt, but keeping insufficient investments in dam management, culminating with the break of B I in 2019 and with 29 dams interdicted in March 2021. Financialization has become central to the company's operations. This study points to a methodological path of the interdisciplinary dialogue to help clarify how strategic managerial decisions, especially those of financial management, could influence the production, maintenance, and safety management of tailings dams.


الموضوعات
Brazil , Accidents, Occupational , Costs and Cost Analysis
16.
مقالة ي الانجليزية, البرتغالية | LILACS, BDENF | ID: biblio-1524021

الملخص

Objetivo: avaliar a opinião dos profissionais de saúde sobre o desperdício, em uma Unidade de Terapia Intensiva. Método: o método utilizado foi o qualitativo. Foi realizada uma entrevista com 66 profissionais de uma Unidade de Terapia Intensiva e analisados pelo método de Bardin. Resultados: através dos discursos obtidos em cada quadro, foram identificadas e destacadas as unidades de registro que permitiram a criação de dois quadros, o primeiro possibilitou a construção da categoria que denominada "Gestão de custos em saúde: o desperdício de materiais em UTI". Já o quadro 2, possibilitou a obtenção de duas categorias, "Capacitação profissional em saúde: a otimização da gestão de custos em UTI" e "a inserção do processo de gestão de custos em UTI". Conclusão: o primeiro passo para o combate ao desperdício é conhecer a realidade institucional. Os gestores necessitam estudar os percentuais e fontes de desperdício de seu serviço e o impacto desses nos custos


Objective: to evaluate the opinion of health professionals about waste in an Intensive Care Unit. Method: the method used was qualitative. An interview was conducted with 66 professionals from an Intensive Care Unit and analyzed by the Bandin method. Results: through the speeches obtained in each table, were identified and highlighted the units that allowed the creation of two tables, the first made it possible to construct the category called "Health cost management: the waste of materials in ICU". Table 2, on the other hand, made it possible to obtain two categories, "Professional training in health: the optimization of ICU cost management" and "the insertion of the ICU cost management process". Conclusion: the first step in the fight against waste is to know the institutional reality. Managers need to study the percentages and sources of their service waste and their impact on costs


Objetivo: evaluar la opinión de los profesionales de la salud sobre los desechos en una unidad de cuidados intensivos. Método: el método utilizado fue cualitativo. Se realizó una entrevista con 66 profesionales de una Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos y se analizó mediante el método Bandin. Resultados: através de los discursos obtenidos en cada tabla, se identificaron y destacaron las unidades de registro que permitieron la creación de dos tablas, la primera permitió construir la categoría denominada "Gestión de costos de salud: el desperdicio de materiales en la UCI". La Tabla 2, por otro lado, permitió obtener dos categorías, "Capacitación profesional en salud: la optimización de la gestión de costos de la UCI" y "la inserción del proceso de gestión de costos de la UCI". Conclusión: el primer paso en la lucha contra el desperdicio es conocer la realidad institucional. Los gerentes deben estudiar los porcentajes y las fuentes de desperdicio de sus servicios y su impacto en los costos


الموضوعات
Humans , Male , Female , Organization and Administration , Costs and Cost Analysis , Material Resources in Health , Hospital Costs , Intensive Care Units
17.
Clin. biomed. res ; 43(2): 100-108, 2023. tab
مقالة ي البرتغالية | LILACS | ID: biblio-1517446

الملخص

Introdução: O uso extensivo de medicamentos não padronizados causa aumento de custos em saúde, além de potencial redução de segurança e uso racional de medicamentos. A Comissão de Farmácia e Terapêutica orienta a prescrição de medicamentos, por meio da avaliação e seleção de medicamentos a serem incluídos no formulário de medicamentos padronizados, com base nas melhores evidências científicas disponíveis e no perfil dos pacientes locais, promovendo o uso racional de medicamentos. O objetivo deste trabalho foi analisar as solicitações de fornecimento de medicamentos não padronizados na instituição. Métodos: Trata-se de um estudo observacional e descritivo onde foram analisadas as solicitações de medicamentos não padronizados realizadas entre fevereiro de 2016 e dezembro de 2021, identificando os medicamentos envolvidos e seus respectivos custos. Resultados: Foram realizadas 203 solicitações no período, sendo 174 incluídas no estudo. Os medicamentos que tiveram mais solicitações foram o rituximabe (41), a imunoglobulina humana (31), o sucralfato (23), a nitazoxanida (12) e o eltrombopague (7). As solicitações com maior custo foram as de imunoglobulina humana (US$ 799,702.38), rituximabe (US$ 717,320.26), eltrombopague (US$ 281,062.50), ruxolitinibe (US$ 167,867.46) e bortezomibe (US$ 149,033.52). As principais clínicas que solicitaram medicamentos não padronizado foram a neurologia (47), a hematologia (30), as moléstias infecciosas e parasitárias (17), e a anestesiologia (12). As solicitações de maior custo foram realizadas pela neurologia (US$ 145,519.08), hematologia (US$ 120,980.25), transplante de medula óssea (US$ 51,635.11) e dermatologia (US$ 44,813.40). Conclusão: O estudo demonstrou que há um fluxo estruturado de solicitação de medicamentos não padronizados na instituição, sendo uma importante ferramenta de gerenciamento dessas solicitações, evitando a aquisição desnecessária de itens que não compõem o elenco terapêutico do hospital.


Introduction: Widespread use of non-formulary drugs (NFD) increases cost and may reduce safety and rational use of medicines. The Pharmacy and Therapeutics Committee provides guidance on drug prescription by evaluating and selecting medications to be included in a hospital's formulary based on best scientific evidence available and local patients' profile, promoting rational use of medicines. The objective of this study was to assess non-formulary drugs prescriptions at a tertiary hospital. Methods: This was a retrospective study. NFD prescribed and its associated costs were assessed through NFD request forms received from February 2016 to December 2021. Results: A total of 203 NFD request forms were received, from which 174 were included in this study. The most frequently prescribed NFD included rituximab (n = 41), immunoglobulin (31), sucralfate (23), nitazoxanide (12), and eltrombopag (7), with the highest costs being with immunoglobulin (US$ 799,702.38), rituximab (US$ 717,320.26), eltrombopag (US$ 281,062.50), ruxolitinib (US$ 167,867.46), and bortezomib (US$ 149,033.52). The most frequent requesting specialties were neurology (n = 47), hematology (30), infectious disease (17) and anesthesiology (12), and highest costs requests were from neurology (US$ 145,519.08), hematology (US$ 120,980.25), bone marrow transplant unit (US$ 51,635.11), and dermatology (US$ 44,813.40). Conclusion: This study showed that a structured request flow for NFD prescription is a critical procedure in order to better manage drug prescription within the hospital, promoting rational use of medicines and preventing unnecessary spending with drugs for which the clinical indication may be covered by a drug already in the hospital's formulary.


الموضوعات
Pharmacy and Therapeutics Committee/organization & administration , Pharmaceutical Preparations/supply & distribution , Drug Utilization/legislation & jurisprudence , Costs and Cost Analysis/statistics & numerical data
18.
Rev. Esc. Enferm. USP ; 57: e20230132, 2023. tab
مقالة ي الانجليزية, البرتغالية | LILACS, BDENF | ID: biblio-1521557

الملخص

ABSTRACT Objective: To analyze the direct costs of materials, medicines/solutions and healthcare professionals required to treat men with prostate cancer using High Intensity Focused Ultrasound. Method: Quantitative, exploratory-descriptive research, single case study type. Data were collected from electronic medical records/printed documentation from the Operating Room of a public teaching and research hospital. Health professionals estimated the respective time spent on activities in the following stages: "Before anesthetic induction", "Before performing thermal ablation", "During thermal ablation" and "After performing thermal ablation". Costs were calculated by multiplying the (estimated) time spent by the unit cost of direct labor, adding to the measured cost of materials, medicines/solutions. Results: The measured costs with materials corresponded to US$851.58 (SD = 2.17), with medicines/solutions to US$72.13 (SD = 25.84), and estimated personnel costs to US$196.03, totaling US$1119.74/procedure. Conclusion: The economic results obtained may support hospital managers in the decision-making process regarding the adoption of the High Intensity Focused Ultrasound for the treatment of prostate cancer.


RESUMEN Objetivo: Analizar los costos directos de materiales, medicamentos/soluciones y profesionales de la salud necesarios para tratar a hombres con cáncer de próstata a través de High Intensity Focused Ultrasound. Método: Investigación cuantitativa, exploratoria-descriptiva, tipo estudio de caso único. Los datos se obtuvieron de registros médicos electrónicos/documentación impresa del Centro Quirúrgico de un hospital público de enseñanza e investigación. Los profesionales de la salud estimaron el tiempo respectivo dedicado a las actividades en las siguientes etapas: "Antes de la inducción anestésica", "Antes de realizar la ablación térmica", "Durante la realización de la ablación térmica" y "Después de realizar la ablación térmica". Los costos se calcularon multiplicando el tiempo (estimado) invertido por el costo unitario de la mano de obra directa, sumándolo al costo medido de materiales, medicamentos/soluciones. Resultados: Los costos medidos con materiales correspondieron a US$851,58 (DE = 2,17), con medicamentos/soluciones a US$72,13 (DE = 25,84) y los costos de personal estimados a US$196,03, totalizando US$1119,74/procedimiento. Conclusión: Los resultados económicos obtenidos podrán apoyar a los gestores hospitalarios en el proceso de toma de decisiones respecto a la adopción del High Intensity Focused Ultrasound para el tratamiento del cáncer de próstata.


RESUMO Objetivo: Analisar os custos diretos com materiais, medicamentos/soluções e profissionais de saúde requeridos à realização do tratamento de homens com câncer de próstata via High Intensity Focused Ultrasound. Método: Pesquisa quantitativa, exploratória-descritiva, do tipo estudo de caso único. Coletaram-se os dados em prontuários eletrônicos/documentações impressas do Centro Cirúrgico de um hospital público de ensino e pesquisa. Profissionais de saúde estimaram os respectivos tempos despendidos em atividades constantes das etapas: "Antes da indução anestésica", "Antes da execução da termoablação", "Durante a execução da termoablação" e "Após a execução da termoablação". Calcularam-se os custos multiplicando-se o tempo (estimado) despendido pelo custo unitário da mão de obra direta, somando-se ao custo mensurado dos materiais, medicamentos/soluções. Resultados: Os custos mensurados com materiais corresponderam a US$851,58 (DP = 2,17), com medicamentos/soluções a US$72,13 (DP = 25,84) e os custos estimados com pessoal a US$196,03, totalizando US$1119,74/procedimento. Conclusão: Os resultados econômicos obtidos poderão subsidiar os gestores hospitalares no processo decisório quanto à adoção do High Intensity Focused Ultrasound para o tratamento do câncer de próstata.


الموضوعات
Humans , Male , Prostatic Neoplasms , Costs and Cost Analysis , Direct Service Costs , Ultrasound, High-Intensity Focused, Transrectal , Therapeutic Uses , Hospital Care
19.
Braz. J. Pharm. Sci. (Online) ; 59: e21525, 2023. tab, graf
مقالة ي الانجليزية | LILACS | ID: biblio-1439536

الملخص

Abstract The incorrect disposal of medicines and their environmental impact has been related to the health medicalization and the improper use of medication by society. In this sense, it is very important to know the profile of drug disposal for foster health policies. The aim was to identify the profile of disposal of medicines by the population, including the cost perspective. This is an inquiry descriptive study that began in September 2019. Medicine disposal health education program was carried out over six months in two University pharmacies. A questionnaire for sociodemographic and discarded medicines data collection was applied. Logistic regression analysis for variables association of correct disposal and the chi-square and t-student analysis for comparison between disposal programs were performed for a level of 5% and test power of 80%. Medicines weighed 23.3 kg and 28.5 kg, with the cost variation from US$ 13.5 to US$ 16.1 until the final treatment. The correct disposal was strongly associated with the disposal reason (p=0.013), source of information (p=0.006), prescription (p=0.03), form of use (p=0.01), acquisition source (p=0.001), cost with medication (p=0.0001), education (p=0.028) and age (p=0.05). The correct medicine disposal was associated with important features of the community related to education health.


الموضوعات
Drug Residues/economics , Health Education/classification , Environment , Pharmacies/classification , Students/classification , Universities/classification , Data Collection/instrumentation , Costs and Cost Analysis/statistics & numerical data , Medicalization/statistics & numerical data
20.
Braz. J. Pharm. Sci. (Online) ; 59: e22373, 2023. tab, graf
مقالة ي الانجليزية | LILACS | ID: biblio-1439538

الملخص

Abstract Quantitative Structure-Activity Relationship (QSAR) is a computer-aided technology in the field of medicinal chemistry that seeks to clarify the relationships between molecular structures and their biological activities. Such technologies allow for the acceleration of the development of new compounds by reducing the costs of drug design. This work presents 3D-QSARpy, a flexible, user-friendly and robust tool, freely available without registration, to support the generation of QSAR 3D models in an automated way. The user only needs to provide aligned molecular structures and the respective dependent variable. The current version was developed using Python with packages such as scikit-learn and includes various techniques of machine learning for regression. The diverse techniques employed by the tool is a differential compared to known methodologies, such as CoMFA and CoMSIA, because it expands the search space of possible solutions, and in this way increases the chances of obtaining relevant models. Additionally, approaches for select variables (dimension reduction) were implemented in the tool. To evaluate its potentials, experiments were carried out to compare results obtained from the proposed 3D-QSARpy tool with the results from already published works. The results demonstrated that 3D-QSARpy is extremely useful in the field due to its expressive results.


الموضوعات
Drug Design , Quantitative Structure-Activity Relationship , Machine Learning/classification , Costs and Cost Analysis/classification , Health Services Needs and Demand/classification
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