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2.
مقالة ي الأسبانية | LILACS, UNISALUD, BINACIS | ID: biblio-1551673

الملخص

En esta editorial, la autora aborda la problemática de las prácticas de bajo valor en la medicina contemporánea: aquellas intervenciones terapéuticas o diagnósticas carentes de respaldo científico, que aumentan la probabilidad de daños, generan desperdicio de recursos y amenazan la eficiencia del sistema de salud. En un contexto de preocupación global por el exceso médico y las consecuencias del sobreuso de intervenciones inefectivas, resalta la relevancia del concepto de prevención cuaternaria en la atención sanitaria, y señala la iniciativa internacional Choosing Wisely como una estrategia para identificar y revertir las prácticas de bajo valor, destacando la importancia del cambio cultural y la participación activade los pacientes. Finalmente, la autora presenta el lanzamiento de Choosing Wisely Argentina, una colaboración entre asociaciones científicas locales con el compromiso de transformar la práctica médica en este país, priorizando el bienestar del paciente y adoptando un enfoque integral hacia la atención sanitaria. (AU)


In this editorial, the author addresses the problem of low-value practices in contemporary medicine: those therapeutic or diagnostic interventions that lack scientific support and increase the probability of damage, generate waste of resources,and threaten the efficiency of the health system. In a context of global concern about medical excess and the consequences of the overuse of ineffective interventions, she highlights the relevance of the concept of quaternary prevention in healthcare, and points to the international Choosing Wisely initiative as a strategy to identify and reverse low-value practices, highlighting the importance of cultural change and active patient participation. Finally, the author presents the launch of Choosing Wisely Argentina, a collaboration amongst local scientific associations with the commitment to transform medical practice in this country, prioritizing patient well-being and adopting a comprehensive approach to health care. (AU)


الموضوعات
Practice Patterns, Physicians'/standards , Low-Value Care , Organizational Objectives , Health Systems/economics , Evidence-Based Medicine , Medical Overuse , Patient Comfort , Quaternary Prevention
3.
Rev Enferm UFPI ; 12(1): e4400, 2023-12-12.
مقالة ي الانجليزية, البرتغالية | LILACS, BDENF | ID: biblio-1523427

الملخص

Evidências Científicas (ECs) configuram-se como "resultados de pesquisas científicas", realizadas através de procedimentos que incorporaram critérios de validade, isto é, viabilidade (F-feasibility), adequação (A-appropriateness), significado (M-meaning) e efetividade (E-effectiveness) das práticas de saúde, levando-se em conta todasas possíveis fontes de vieses. O termo Prática Baseada em Evidências (PBE) foi cunhado entre as décadas de 70 e 80, sendo originário do movimento da Medicina Baseada em Evidências (MBE), quando foi proposta uma hierarquia dos níveis de ECs, de modo a direcionar a busca das melhores ECs disponíveis para a tomada de decisões na prática clínica. No ano de 2002, enfermeiras engajadas na prática clínica e em pesquisa estabeleceram um modelo para implementação da PBE, o "Advancing Research and Clinical Practice through Close Collaboration(ARCC)", com o intuito de aprimorar e melhor integrar a pesquisa à prática clínica, atrelando aos cuidados de saúde locorregionais e nacionais. Assim, a PBE consiste em uma abordagem ancorada na resolução de problemas para prover o cuidado em saúde que integra as melhores ECs disponíveis provenientes de estudos bem delineados, e combina com as preferências e valores do paciente e a expertisedo profissional de saúde. Para a implementação da PBE na prática clínica, épreciso que o profissional de saúde mantenha a atitude questionadora de modo a transformar a prática clínica. O fio condutor da PBE éa utilização de resultados de pesquisas na prática. Nesse sentido, o movimento de Enfermagem Baseada em Evidências emerge como um elo que interliga as melhores ECs e sua aplicação na prática clínica, primando pela tomada de decisão para um cuidado cientificamente qualificado e seguro. Na prática do enfermeiro, a aplicação da PBE consiste em sete passos: 1) elaboração da questão clínica; 2) busca de ECs; 3) avaliação crítica das ECs recuperadas no processo de busca; 4) tomada de decisões com base nas melhores ECs; 5) avaliação dos resultados da decisão clínica a ser implementada; 6) mudanças com base nas ECs disponíveis; 7) disseminação dos resultados da decisão clínica/mudança da práxis.


Scientific Evidence (ScE) is configured as "results of scientific research", carried out through procedures that incorporated validity criteria, that is, feasibility (F), appropriateness (A), meaning (M) and effectiveness (E) of health practices, taking into consideration all possible sources of bias.The term Evidence-Based Practice (EBP) was created between the 1970s and 1980s, originating from the Evidence-Based Medicine (EBM) movement, where a hierarchy of levels of ScE was proposed, in order to direct the search for best available ScE for decision-making in clinical practice.In 2002, nurses engaged in clinical practice and research established a model for the implementation of EBP, the "Advancing Research and Clinical Practice through Close Collaboration (ARCC)", with the aim of improving and better integratingresearch into clinical practice, linking local and national health care actions. Thus, EBP consists of a problem-solving approach to providing health care actions that integrate the best available ScE from well-designed studies, and combines with the patient's preferences and values and the health professional's expertise. In order to consolidate the implementation of EBP in clinical practice, the health professional must maintain a questioning attitude in such a way as to transform clinical practice. The guiding principle of EBP is the use of research results in practice. In this sense, the Evidence-Based Nursing movement emerges as a link that connects the best ScE and its application in clinical practice, focusing on decision-making for care scientifically qualified and safe. In nursing practice, the application of EBP consists of seven steps: 1) elaboration of the clinical question; 2) search for ScE; 3) critical evaluation of the ScE retrieved in the search process; 4) decision-making based on the best ScE; 5) evaluation of the results of the clinical decision to be implemented; 6) changes based on the available ScE; 7) dissemination of the results of the clinical decision/praxis change.


الموضوعات
Research , Evidence-Based Medicine , Evidence-Based Practice
5.
J. coloproctol. (Rio J., Impr.) ; 43(4): 245-250, Oct.-Dec. 2023. tab
مقالة ي الانجليزية | LILACS | ID: biblio-1528940

الملخص

Introduction: Scientific studies in Brazil grew around 10.7% compared to previous years. However, the level of quality of evidence has been decreasing. The aim in our study is to examine the meeting abstracts of the Brazilian congress of coloproctology and analyze the level of evidence in trends and variables. Methods: A descriptive bibliometric study, working with secondary data to review scientific abstracts in the annals of the coloproctology congress from 2015 to 2019. Results: A total of 1756 abstracts of the Brazilian Congress of Coloproctology were analyzed for 5 years (2015-2019). There was a higher trend of abstracts presented with lower levels of evidence (level of evidence 5: 52.3% and 3: 30%), being the majority composed of case reports (49.4%) and retrospective studies (30.4%). The last two years analyzed (2018: 55.2% and 2019: 59.3%) had a predominance above average of case reports. From 2017 to 2019 there was a significant decrease in the number of level 2 evidence studies (18.10%,11.80% and 5.50%), while the number of studies with level 5 evidence showed an increase (45.60%, 56.60% and 61.40%). Statistical analysis occurred in only 17%, with an important decrease for the last two years (2018: 13.6%; 2019: 12.1%). Conclusions: Although the data of this study is from the Brazilian coloproctology point of view, they are important for the global scientific community, as they allow a quantitative evaluation of the relative contribution from the level of evidence of Brazilian coloproctology researchers to the scientific scenario. (AU)


الموضوعات
Colorectal Surgery , Congresses as Topic/statistics & numerical data , Bibliometrics , Evidence-Based Medicine
6.
مقالة ي الانجليزية | LILACS | ID: biblio-1538277

الملخص

Introduction: The Journal Club is an environment for exchanging information within the medical context concerning updated literature and evidence-based medicine. Considering the importance of constantly updating the acquired knowledge and scenarios of social isolation imposed by the COVID-19 pandemic, the Journal Club event was held virtually, aiming to expand the understanding of the scientific methodology among medical students by understanding the differences among each type of evidence pyramid study by reading and discussing scientific articles. Methodology: An analytical, prospective, and cross-sectional study was conducted in October 2021. The Journal Club event took place in nine classes where each type of evidence pyramid study was addressed. The sample included 20 medical students. A questionnaire was used at the beginning and end of the event to assess the participants' knowledge from the classes taught and was divided into two parts: participant identification data and 19 questions regarding the types of studies present on the pyramid of evidence. Results: It was found that after the pre- and post-event analysis of the questionnaire among the 19 questions, correct answers increased in 17, among which 3 obtained a statistically significant value: questions 1 (p = 0.031), 15 (p = 0.039), and 18 (p = 0.016). Discussion: An increase in the number of correct answers was noted between pre- and post-classes, which may indicate an improved understanding of the subject among students. Furthermore, the study demonstrated that the students had little involvement in scientific research (only 25% had ever been involved in a project). Conclu-sion: Based on the analysis of the participants' performance in the pre- and post-event questionnaires, it can be concluded that the medical students were able to expand their knowledge of scientific methodology (AU).


Introdução: O Journal Club é um ambiente para troca de informações dentro do contexto médico, diante de uma literatura atualizada e medicina baseada em evidências. Tendo em vista a importância da atualização constante de conhecimentos adquiridos e o cenário de isolamento social imposto pela pandemia da COVID-19, o evento Journal Club foi realizado virtualmente, com o objetivo de ampliar o entendimento sobre metodologia científica entre estudantes de medicina por meio da compreensão das diferenças de cada tipo de estudo da pirâmide de evidências a partir da leitura e discussão de artigos científicos. Metodologia: Estudo analítico, prospectivo e transversal realizado em outubro de 2021. O evento Journal Club ocorreu em nove aulas onde foram abordados cada tipo de estudo da pirâmide de evidência. A amostra foi composta por 20 estudantes de medicina. Um questionário foi aplicado no início e ao final do evento para avaliar o conhecimento dos participantes a partir das aulas ministradas, e foi dividido em duas partes, a primeira com dados de identificação do participante e a segunda com 19 questões sobre os tipos de estudos presentes na pirâmide de evidência. Resultados: Observou-se que, após a análise do questionário pré e pós-evento, dentre as 19 questões realizadas, houve um aumento de acertos em 17 entre as quais 3 obtiveram um valor estatístico significativo: questões 1 (p= 0,031), 15 (p=0,039) e 18 (p= 0,016). Discussão: Notou-se aumento dos acertos de questões entre o pré e pós-aulas, podendo indicar uma melhora no entendimento por parte dos acadêmicos acerca do assunto. Além disso, o estudo mostrou uma baixa atuação dos acadêmicos em pesquisas científicas (apenas 25% já se envolveram em algum projeto). Conclusão: A partir da análise do desempenho dos participantes nos questionários pré e pós-evento é possível afirmar que os estudantes de medicina conseguiram ampliar seu conhecimento sobre metodologia científica (AU).


الموضوعات
Evidence-Based Medicine , Information Dissemination , Education, Medical, Undergraduate
8.
مقالة ي الانجليزية | LILACS | ID: biblio-1551157

الملخص

Objectives: To compare the clinical, epidemiological, and laboratory profiles of bacterial infection or colonization among patients hospitalized in COVID-19 and non-COVID-19 intensive care units (ICUs) in Southeast Pará, Brazil. Methods:This was a retrospective analytical study based on the analyses of electronic medical records and microbiological reports of patients admitted to the ICU of a regional hospital located in Pará in the Brazilian Amazon due to complications associated with COVID-19 and other causes from March 2020 to December 2021. The sample consisted of data from the medical records of 343 patients collected after approval by the ethics and research committee (opinion number 5281433) was granted. The data extracted from the bacteriological and antibiogram culture reports were analyzed to characterize the clinical-epidemiological profile of the patients. The data were transferred and tabulated in Microsoft Excel 2019 to conduct a descriptive analysis, and the associated statistical analyses were performed using Stata 17.0 statistical soft-ware. Results: Of the total patients, 59.5% were hospitalized in the COVID-19 ICU and 40.5% were hospitalized in the non-COVID-19 ICU. Most individuals admitted to the COVID-19 ICU and non-COVID-19 ICU were aged between 66 and 78 years and between 54 and 66 years, respectively. The hospitalization duration in the COVID-19 ICU was fewer than 15 days, whereas that in the non-COVID-19 ICU was 15 to 30 days. Deaths were more frequent in the Covid-19 ICU compared to the non-Covid-19 ICU (64% versus 41%). In contrast, hospital discharge was more frequent in the non-Covid-19 ICU (58.3% versus 34.8%).The most prevalent comorbidity in both ICUs was circulatory system disease. Gram-negative bacteria were the most frequent etiological agent in both groups and were present in 63.1% of the cultures analyzed. Regarding the phenotypic profile of resistance, carbapenemase production was detected in 43.0% of the cultures analyzed. Multidrug resistance against antimicrobial drugs was more frequent in the non-COVID-19 ICU (55.7%). Most of the antimicrobial drug prescriptions for were empirical. Conclusions: The recurrence of secondary infections and bacterial colonization in both COVID-19 and non-COVID-19 ICU patients should not be underestimated. The clinical, microbiological, and bacterial resistance profiles elucidated in this study highlight the need to develop and implement holistic and assertive strategies to control and mitigate these problems. Which will contribute to an improved prognosis for patients and quality of life patients (AU).


Objetivos: Comparar o perfil clínico, epidemiológico e laboratorial das infecções ou colonizações bacterianas entre pacientes internados em UTI COVID-19 e não-COVID-19 no Sudeste do Pará, Brasil. Métodos: Trata-se de um estudo analítico retrospectivo baseado na análise de prontuários eletrônicos e laudos microbiológicos de pacientes internados em um hospital regional localizado no Pará, na Amazônia brasileira, devido a complicações associadas à COVID-19 e outras causas no período de março de 2020 a dezembro de 2021. A amostra foi constituída por dados dos prontuários de 343 pacientes coletados após aprovação pelo Comitê de ética em Pesquisa (parecer número 5281433). Os dados extraídos dos laudos de cultura bacteriológica e antibiograma foram analisados para caracterizar o perfil clínico-epidemiológico dos pacientes. Foram realizadas análises descritivas e inferenciais utilizando o Stata 17.0 statistical software. Resultados: Do total de pacientes, 59,5% estavam internados na UTI COVID-19 e 40,5% na UTI não-COVID-19. A maioria dos indivíduos apresentavam idades entre 54 e 78. O tempo de internação na UTI COVID-19 foi inferior a 15 dias, enquanto na UTI não-CO-VID-19 foi de 15 a 30 dias. Os óbitos foram mais frequentes na UTI Covid-19 em relação à UTI não-Covid-19 (64% versus 41%). Em contrapartida, a alta hospitalar foi mais frequente na UTI não Covid-19 (58,3% versus 34,8%). A comorbidade mais prevalente em ambas as UTIs foi a doença do aparelho circulatório. As bactérias Gram-negativas foram os agentes etiológicos mais frequentes em ambos os grupos e estiveram presentes em 63,1% das culturas analisadas. Em relação ao perfil fenotípico de resistência, a produção de carbapenemase foi detectada em 43,0% das culturas analisadas. A multirresistência aos antimicrobianos foi mais frequente na UTI não COVID-19 (55,7%). A maioria das prescrições de antimicrobianos foram empíricas. Conclusões: A recorrência de infecções secundárias e colonizações bacterianas em pacientes com COVID-19 e não COVID-19 em UTIs não devem ser subestimadas. Os perfis de resistência bacteriana elucidados neste estudo destacam a necessidade da implementação de estratégias holísticas e assertivas visando o controle e mitigação dessa problemática, o que contribuirá para a melhoria do prognóstico, bem como, a qualidade e segurança dos paciente (AU).


الموضوعات
Humans , Drug Resistance, Multiple , Evidence-Based Medicine , Coinfection , COVID-19 , Intensive Care Units
9.
Diagn. tratamento ; 28(3): 121-5, jul-set de 2023. ilus 1
مقالة ي البرتغالية | LILACS, SMS-SP | ID: biblio-1517920

الملخص

As recomendações de atividade física para a população foram avançando desde os tempos em que somente a atividade intensa e contínua de pelo menos uma hora de duração eram as indicadas, passando para moderadas de pelo menos 30 minutos, diminuição do tempo sentado, até as evidências de que "Todo Passo ou Movimento Conta". Chegamos agora às propostas de atividade intensa, mas de curta ou curtíssima duração; que facilitariam a incorporação ao estilo de vida. As primeiras evidências são cercadas de grande entusiasmo, podendo se tornar em uma nova tendência de prescrição, mas requerem novos estudos para passarem a fazer parte do rol oficial das recomendações.


الموضوعات
Humans , Male , Female , Exercise , Evidence-Based Medicine , Sedentary Behavior , Accelerometry
10.
Int. j. morphol ; 41(4): 1240-1253, ago. 2023. ilus, tab
مقالة ي الأسبانية | LILACS | ID: biblio-1514343

الملخص

La expansión y consolidación de la práctica clínica basada en la evidencia ha llevado entre otras, a la necesidad de realizar una variedad cada vez mayor de tipos de revisión de la literatura científica; lo que permite avanzar en el conocimiento y comprender la amplitud de la investigación sobre un tema de interés, teniendo en cuenta que una de las propiedades del conocimiento es su carácter acumulativo. Sin embargo, la diversidad de la terminología utilizada genera confusión de términos y conceptos. El objetivo de este manuscrito fue proporcionar un listado de los tipos de revisiones de la literatura más frecuentemente utilizados con sus características y algunos ejemplos de ellas. Revisión cualitativa. Se examinaron de forma dirigida las bases de datos PubMed, WoS y Scopus, en búsqueda de términos asociados a tipos de revisiones y síntesis de la literatura científica. Se encontraron 21 tipos de revisión; y 29 variantes y sinonimias asociadas; las que ilustran los procesos de cada una de ellas. Se da una descripción general de las características de cada cual, junto con las fortalezas y debilidades percibidas. No obstante, se verificó que sólo algunos tipos de revisión poseen metodologías propias y explícitas. Este enfoque, proporciona un punto de referencia para quienes realizan o interpretan revisiones en el ámbito sanitario, y sugiere dos tipos de propuestas de clasificación.


SUMMARY: The expansion and consolidation of evidence-based clinical practice has led, among other things, to the need to carry out an increasing variety of types of literature reviews, which allows advancing in knowledge and understanding the breadth of research on a topic of interest. However, the diversity of the terminology used generates confusion of terms and concepts. The aim of this manuscript was to provide a list of the most frequently used review types with their characteristics and some examples. Qualitative review. PubMed, WoS and Scopus databases were examined in a directed way, searching for terms associated with types of reviews and syntheses of the scientific literature. Twenty-one types of review, and 29 variants and associated synonymies were found; those that illustrate the processes of each of them. An overview of the characteristics of each is given, along with perceived strengths and weaknesses. However, it was verified that only some types of review have their own explicit methodologies. This approach, provides a point of reference for those who perform or interpret reviews in the health field and suggests two classification proposals.


الموضوعات
Review Literature as Topic , Meta-Analysis as Topic , Evidence-Based Medicine , Systematic Reviews as Topic
12.
Diagn. tratamento ; 28(2): 93-103, abr-jun. 2023. tab, tab
مقالة ي البرتغالية | LILACS | ID: biblio-1427645

الملخص

Contextualização: O transtorno de déficit de atenção e hiperatividade (TDAH) é um transtorno do neurodesenvolvimento bastante prevalente e caracterizado por alterações nos níveis de atenção, presença de hiperatividade e impulsividade, cuja efetividade das abordagens terapêuticas é discutível atualmente. Objetivos: Sumarizar as evidências de revisões sistemáticas da Cochrane, referentes à efetividade das intervenções para tratamento de TDAH. Métodos: Trata-se de overview de revisões sistemáticas Cochrane. Procedeu-se à busca na Cochrane Library (2023), sendo utilizado o descritor MeSH "Attention Deficit Disorder with Hiperactivity". Todas as revisões sistemáticas de ensaios clínicos foram incluídas. O desfecho primário de análise foi a melhora clínica (redução dos sintomas). Resultados: Treze estudos foram incluídos, totalizando 317 ensaios clínicos (n = 25.946 participantes). Foram avaliadas intervenções com anfetaminas, antidepressivos, ácidos graxos poli-insaturados tipo ômega 3 e 6, acupuntura, terapia de meditação, terapia cognitivo-comportamental e treinamento dos pais. Discussão: Nenhuma intervenção mostrou efetividade com evidência de boa qualidade. Embora a maioria das intervenções pareça trazer algum benefício na redução dos sintomas do TDAH, há riscos de efeitos adversos, em geral não graves, sobretudo nos tratamentos farmacológicos. Os estudos realizados até o momento são heterogêneos e desprovidos de análises por subgrupos, o que impacta a obtenção de melhor evidência. Sugere-se a realização de novos ensaios clínicos com padronização de relato dos resultados. Conclusão: Não há suporte com bom nível de evidência atualmente para a maioria das intervenções para tratamento do TDAH, à luz das revisões sistemáticas da Cochrane, sendo sugerida a realização de novos ensaios clínicos de qualidade.


الموضوعات
Humans , Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity/therapy , Evidence-Based Medicine , Clinical Trials as Topic , Treatment Outcome , Systematic Reviews as Topic
13.
Diagn. tratamento ; 28(2): 87-92, abr-jun. 2023. tab, tab
مقالة ي البرتغالية | LILACS, SES-SP | ID: biblio-1427640

الملخص

Contextualização: A migrânea, também conhecida por enxaqueca, é um distúrbio sensorial relacionado a fatores genéticos, psicológicos e anatômicos, que afeta cerca de 10% dos adultos, trazendo impacto pessoal, social e econômico. Objetivos: Sumarizar as evidências de revisões sistemáticas, referentes à efetividade da toxina botulínica para prevenção de migrânea. Métodos: Trata-se de overview de revisões sistemáticas. Procedeu-se à busca em três bases eletrônicas de dados: Cochrane - Central de Registros de Ensaios Clínicos ­ CENTRAL (2023), PubMed (1966-2023) e EMBASE (1974-2023), sendo utilizados os descritores MeSH "Migraine disorders" e "Botulinum toxins". Todas as revisões sistemáticas de ensaios clínicos randomizados (ECRs) em humanos foram incluídas. O desfecho primário de análise foi a melhora clínica. Resultados: Foram recuperadas 21 revisões sistemáticas e, diante dos critérios de inclusão, 4 foram incluídas, totalizando 94 ECRs (n = 16.104 participantes). Os estudos sugerem que a toxina botulínica pode ser benéfica na redução do número de crises, intensidade de dor e melhora na qualidade de vida dos pacientes. Entretanto, a evidência é limitada. Discussão: Embora os estudos incluídos tragam benefícios favoráveis à toxina botulínica para prevenção da migrânea, a evidência é de baixa qualidade, diante da heterogeneidade, fragilidades metodológicas e riscos nas análises desses estudos. Sugere-se a comparação da efetividade da toxina botulínica com outras intervenções disponíveis, objetivando melhor elucidação da questão. Conclusão: Parece haver algum benefício da toxina botulínica para prevenção de crises de migrânea, mas a evidência até o momento é limitada, sendo recomendada a comparação com outras terapêuticas utilizadas para prevenção da migrânea.


الموضوعات
Humans , Botulinum Toxins/therapeutic use , Evidence-Based Medicine , Migraine Disorders/prevention & control , Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic , Treatment Outcome , Systematic Reviews as Topic
16.
China Journal of Chinese Materia Medica ; (24): 4829-4833, 2023.
مقالة ي صينى | WPRIM | ID: wpr-1008652

الملخص

Evidence-based medicine plays an important role in promoting the scientific nature of clinical decision-making. Howe-ver, there is a problem where evidence derived from clinical research may not necessarily be applicable to individual patients. Evidence-based medicine has been introduced into the field of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM) for over 20 years, and although certain achievements have been made, the overall level of clinical research evidence based on the principles of evidence-based medicine in TCM is not high. The acceptance of TCM diagnosis and treatment guidelines developed based on evidence-based medicine methods is generally low. As revealed by the analysis of the problems in the application of evidence-based medicine in the field of TCM, it is found that there is a structural contradiction between clinical randomized controlled trial(RCT) of TCM and the characteristics of TCM clinical practice. They cannot comprehensively, objectively, and truthfully reflect the clinical efficacy and safety of TCM. Conducting clinical RCTs of TCM in pursuit of "evidence" actually means giving up the advantages of TCM in clinical treatment based on syndrome differentiation, prescription changes along with syndromes, and treatment in accordance with three categories of disease cause, which leads to sacrificing some clinical effectiveness of TCM. Based on the concept of evidence-based medicine, this article proposed the construction of "clinical syndrome-based medicine" based on the optimal clinical experience, which was suitable for the characteristics of TCM clinical practice. The key to clinical syndrome-based medicine is the optimal clinical experience, and the core elements of the optimal clinical experience are regularity and reproducibility. Real-world research methods are recommended as a reference for obtaining the optimal clinical experience. Clinical syndrome-based medicine, combining the characteristics of TCM clinical practice and incorporating the concept of evidence-based medicine, is the product of integrating TCM into evidence-based medicine. It is dedicated to improving the clinical efficacy of TCM along with evidence-based medicine.


الموضوعات
Humans , Reproducibility of Results , Medicine, Chinese Traditional , Treatment Outcome , Evidence-Based Medicine , Syndrome , Drugs, Chinese Herbal/therapeutic use
17.
Chinese Acupuncture & Moxibustion ; (12): 977-981, 2023.
مقالة ي صينى | WPRIM | ID: wpr-1007429

الملخص

As a diagnostic method to guide the treatment of sinew/fascia diseases, jingjin (muscle regions of meridians) differentiation is an important component of syndrome differentiation system of acupuncture and moxibustion. In clinical practice, because of the limitations of the ideological guidance of the holistic view, the systemic and dialectical thinking and the syndrome element collection, the system of diagnosis and treatment of sinew/fascia diseases is not comprehensive. Through combing the origin of the holistic view of jingjin, the paper expounds the differentiation framework of sinew/fascia diseases from 4 aspects of differentiation, i.e. the location of disease, etiology, nature of disease and condition of disease. It suggests to construct jingjin differentiation system by taking the holistic ideas as the core, the syndrome element research as the common method and the evidence-based medicine as the theoretical basis so that the thinking of syndrome differentiation and the diagnostic approaches based on jingjin theory can be enriched.


الموضوعات
Humans , Acupuncture Therapy , Evidence-Based Medicine , Language , Meridians , Moxibustion , Syndrome
18.
Chinese Journal of Surgery ; (12): 446-450, 2023.
مقالة ي صينى | WPRIM | ID: wpr-985781

الملخص

The incidence of parastomal hernia is substantially high, significantly affecting the quality of life of patients with stoma. How to effectively solve the problem of parastomal hernia is a long-term focus of hernia and abdominal wall surgery and colorectal surgery. The European Hernia Society guidelines on prevention and treatment of parastomal hernia published in 2018 has recommended the use of a prophylactic mesh to prevent parastomal hernia for the first time. In the following 5 years, more randomized controlled trials of multi-center, large-sample, double-blind, long-term follow-up have been published, and no significant effect of mesh prophylaxis has been observed on the incidence of parastomal hernia. However, whether mesh could decrease surgical intervention by limiting the symptoms of parastomal hernias would become a potential value of prophylaxis, which requires further research to elucidate.


الموضوعات
Humans , Hernia, Ventral/surgery , Surgical Mesh/adverse effects , Quality of Life , Incisional Hernia/prevention & control , Surgical Stomas/adverse effects , Evidence-Based Medicine , Colostomy/adverse effects , Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic
19.
China Journal of Chinese Materia Medica ; (24): 6269-6277, 2023.
مقالة ي صينى | WPRIM | ID: wpr-1008825

الملخص

The Guidelines for prevention and treatment of colorectal adenoma with integrated Chinese and western medicine are put forward by Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine and approved by China Association of Chinese Medicine. According to the formulation processes and methods of relevant clinical practice guidelines, the experts in clinical medicine and methodology were organized to discuss the key problems to be addressed in the clinical prevention and treatment of colorectal adenoma(CRA) and provided answers following the evidence-based medicine method, so as to provide guidance for clinical decision-making. CRA is the major precancerous disease of colorectal cancer. Although the prevention and treatment with integrated Chinese and western medicine have been applied to the clinical practice of CRA, there is still a lack of high-quality guidelines. Four basic questions, 15 clinical questions, and 10 outcome indicators were determined by literature research and Delphi questionnaire. The relevant randomized controlled trial(RCT) was retrieved from CNKI, Wanfang, VIP, SinoMed, PubMed, EMbase, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, and 2 clinical trial registries, and finally several RCTs meeting the inclusion criteria were included. The data extracted from the RCT was imported into RevMan 5.3 for evidence synthesis, and the evidence was evaluated based on the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development, and Evaluations(GRADE). The final recommendations were formed by the nominal group method based on the evidence summary table. The guidelines involve the diagnosis, screening, treatment with integrated Chinese and western medicine, prevention, and follow-up of colorectal adenoma, providing options for the clinical prevention and treatment of CRA.


الموضوعات
Humans , Adenoma/prevention & control , Colorectal Neoplasms/prevention & control , Drugs, Chinese Herbal/therapeutic use , Evidence-Based Medicine , Medicine, Chinese Traditional
20.
São Paulo; s.n; s.n; 2023. 206 p. tab.
أطروحة جامعية ي البرتغالية | LILACS | ID: biblio-1437697

الملخص

Diretrizes clínicas (DCs) de alta qualidade são importantes para a assistência efetiva de pacientes com doenças crônicas, incluindo a depressão. A depressão é um dos principais problemas de saúde mundial, sendo um dos transtornos psiquiátricos mais comumente encontrados na prática médica, afetando cerca de 300 milhões de pessoas. Além de sua natureza debilitante e onerosa, muitas vezes pode levar a desfechos graves, tal como o suicídio, principalmente em pacientes que não respondem aos tratamentos. Assim, o objetivo geral desta tese foi identificar fatores das DCs associados à qualidade metodológica desses documentos e de suas recomendações, e comparar as recomendações para duas situações de falhas da farmacoterapia: pacientes não respondedores e pacientes com depressão resistente ao tratamento (DRT). Operacionalmente, foram feitas revisões sistemáticas da literatura em bases científicas e específicas de DCs, e incluídas DCs publicadas nos últimos onze anos que contivessem recomendações para o tratamento farmacológico de adultos com depressão. Para avaliação geral das DCs, foi aplicado o instrumento AGREE II, e para avaliação específica das recomendações, o instrumento AGREE-REX. As DCs foram consideradas de alta qualidade quando pontuaram com escores maiores ou iguais a 60% (no estudo descrito no capítulo 2) e maiores ou iguais a 80% (no estudo descrito no capítulo 3) no domínio 3 (Rigor de desenvolvimento) do AGREE II. As DCs com recomendações de alta qualidade foram as que pontuaram com mais de 60% no domínio 1 (Aplicabilidade Clínica) do AGREE-REX. Das 63 DCs selecionadas, 17 (27%) apresentaram alta qualidade, e 7 (11%) apresentaram recomendações de alta qualidade. Os fatores associados à maior qualidade foram gerenciamento de conflitos de interesses, equipe multiprofissional e tipo de instituição. A inclusão de representante do paciente na equipe também foi associada a recomendações de maior qualidade. Verificou-se que a maioria das DCs concorda com a necessidade de: reavaliar o diagnóstico, a presença de comorbidades, a adesão ao tratamento, ajustar a dosagem do antidepressivo e adicionar psicoterapia como os primeiros passos para aqueles que não respondem ao tratamento antidepressivo de primeira linha. Em relação às recomendações, há falhas importantes, incluindo a não apresentação de definição padronizada de resposta adequada/inadequada/parcial, e o não estabelecimento de tempo de tratamento necessário para declarar DRT. Todas as DCs incluíram a possibilidade de substituição do antidepressivo, potencialização com outros medicamentos e combinação de antidepressivos. Todavia, três DCs não recomendaram uma sequência entre eles. Por fim, verificou-se que das 17 DCs de alta qualidade e das 7 DCs com recomendações de alta qualidade, apenas duas incluíram definição e recomendações para DRT. Não existe consenso entre as DCs de alta qualidade quanto à definição e uso do termo DRT. Não foi possível extrair uma estratégia terapêutica convergente para DRT em adultos. Os resultados obtidos reforçam a necessidade de maior foco no aprimoramento da qualidade das DCs e de suas recomendações, especialmente nos subgrupos relativos à resposta inadequada ao tratamento e a DRT, nas quais as definições não são claras


High-quality clinical practice guidelines (CPGs) are important for treating patients with chronic diseases such as depression. Depression is a major health concern worldwide, affecting approximately 300 million people. It is one of the most prevalent psychiatric disorders in medical practice. It is not only debilitating and costly but can also lead to tragic consequences such as suicide, particularly in patients who do not respond to treatment. The objective of this thesis was to identify CPGs factors associated with the methodological quality of these documents and their recommendations. Furthermore, this thesis aimed to compare the recommendations in two pharmacotherapy failure situations: inadequate response to treatment and treatment-resistant depression (TRD). Systematic literature reviews were conducted on scientific and CPG-specific databases. Reviews were also conducted on CPGs published in the last eleven years that included recommendations for pharmacological treatment of adults with depression. The AGREE II instrument was used for the CPGs general assessment, while the AGREE-REX instrument was used specifically to assess their recommendations. CPGs were considered high quality if they achieved a score of at least 60% in the study mentioned in Chapter 2 and a score of at least 80% in the study mentioned in Chapter 3 in the AGREE II, rigour of development domain. The CPGs with high-quality recommendations were those that scored greater than 60% in Domain 1 (Clinical Applicability) of the AGREE-REX. Of the 63 selected CPGs, 17 (27%) were high quality, and 7 (11.1%) had recommendations of high quality. Factors associated with higher quality were conflict of interest management, multi-professional team, and type of institution. Inclusion of a patients representative on the team was associated with higher quality recommendations. Most CPGs agreed with the need to reassess diagnoses, comorbidities, and treatment adherence. They also agreed on adjusting antidepressant dosage and providing psychotherapy as a first step for patients who do not respond to first-line antidepressant treatment. There are significant shortcomings in the recommendations. In particular, the lack of a standardized definition of adequate, inadequate, or partial response to treatment and the lack of clarity surrounding the duration of treatment required to establish TRD. All CPGs included the possibility of antidepressant substitution, potentiation with other drugs, and a combination of antidepressants. However, three CPGs did not recommend a preferred sequence for these interventions. Finally, of the 17 high-quality CPGs and the 7 CPGs with high-quality recommendations, only two included definition and recommendations for TRD. There is no consensus among the high-quality CPGs regarding the definition and use of the term TRD. Ultimately, finding a convergent therapeutic strategy for TRD in adults was not possible. These results highlighted the need to focus more on improving the quality of CPGs and their recommendations, especially in the subgroups related to inadequate response to treatment and TRD, where definitions are unclear


الموضوعات
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Patients/classification , Practice Guideline , Depression/drug therapy , Depressive Disorder/diagnosis , Depressive Disorder, Treatment-Resistant/diagnosis , Patient Care Team/ethics , Evidence-Based Medicine/classification , Antidepressive Agents/administration & dosage
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