الملخص
Introducción. El dengue es la enfermedad transmitida por mosquitos con mayor propagación mundial en los últimos años. Presenta un amplio espectro de manifestaciones clínicas y, en ocasiones, evoluciona a un estado crítico llamado dengue grave. Su tratamiento es de sostén. La información disponible acerca de las características clínicas, epidemiológicas y de laboratorio de la enfermedad en la población pediátrica es limitada. Objetivo. Describir la epidemiología y las manifestaciones clínicas y de laboratorio de la enfermedad. Población y métodos. Estudio descriptivo, observacional y retrospectivo. Incluyó pacientes entre 1 y 180 meses asistidos por dengue probable o confirmado en un hospital de niños, desde el 01 de enero de 2020 hasta el 31 de mayo de 2020. Resultados. Se incluyeron 85 pacientes por criterios microbiológicos de positividad o clínicoepidemiológicos. Veinticinco (29 %) confirmados por RT-PCR, todos serotipos DENV-1. La mediana de edad fue de 108 meses (rango intercuartílico: 84-144). Las principales manifestaciones clínicas fueron fiebre, cefalea y mialgias. Los hallazgos de laboratorio más importantes fueron leucopenia, trombocitopenia y elevación de transaminasas. Conclusión. El reconocimiento y la comprensión de las alteraciones clínicas y de laboratorio que se presentan durante la enfermedad pueden permitir un abordaje eficaz y contribuir a la reducción de cuadros clínicos más graves en los niños.
Introduction. Dengue has been the most widespread mosquito-borne disease worldwide in recent years. It develops with a broad spectrum of clinical manifestations and sometimes progresses to a critical condition known as severe dengue. It is managed with supportive treatment. Available information about its clinical, epidemiological, and laboratory characteristics in the pediatric population is limited. Objective. To describe the clinical, epidemiological, and laboratory characteristics of dengue. Population and methods. Descriptive, observational, and retrospective study. It included patients aged 1 to 180 months seen due to probable or confirmed dengue at a children's hospital between 1/1/2020 and 5/31/2020. Results. A total of 85 patients with positive microbiological or clinical-epidemiological criteria were included. Of these, 25 (29%) were confirmed by RT-PCR; all corresponded to DENV-1 serotype. Patients' median age was 108 months (interquartile range: 84144). The main clinical manifestations were fever, headache, and myalgia. The most important laboratory findings were leukopenia, thrombocytopenia, and high transaminase levels. Conclusion. The recognition and understanding of clinical and laboratory alterations that occur during dengue disease may allow an effective approach and help to reduce the more severe clinical form in children.
الموضوعات
Humans , Animals , Infant , Child, Preschool , Child , Adolescent , Thrombocytopenia , Dengue/diagnosis , Dengue/epidemiology , Leukopenia , Retrospective Studies , Fever/epidemiology , Serogroupالملخص
Objective: To analyze the differences between adults and children in the epidemic characteristics and clinical manifestations of chickenpox and provide a reference for the prevention strategy adjustment of chickenpox. Methods: The incidence data of chickenpox surveillance in Shandong Province from January 2019 to December 2021 were collected. Descriptive epidemiological methods were used to analyze the distribution of cases, and the chi-square test was used to compare the differences in epidemiological characteristics and clinical manifestations of varicella cases between adults and children. Results: A total of 66 182 cases of chickenpox were reported from 2019 to 2021, including 24 085 cases of adults chickenpox, the male to female sex ratio was 1∶1 (12 032∶12 053), basically the same for men and women, and 42 097 cases of children chickenpox, with a gender ratio of 1.4∶1, the male to female ratio was 1.4∶1 (24 699∶17 398). Fever in chickenpox cases was mainly low and moderate, but the proportion of moderate fever with temperature between 38.1 and 39.0 ℃ in children cases (35.0%,14 744/42 097) was significantly higher than that in adults (32.0%,7 696/24 085). The number of herpes in chickenpox cases was mainly less than 50, but the proportion of severe cases with 100-200 herpes in children was higher than that in adults. The incidence rate of complications was 1.4% (333/24 085) in adults chickenpox, the incidence rate of complications was 1.7% (731/42 097) in children chickenpox. The incidence of encephalitis and pneumonia in children was higher than in adults, and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). The proportion of chickenpox cases was mainly outpatient, but the hospitalization rate of children cases was 14.4% (6 049/42 097), higher than that of adults, which was 10.7% (2 585/24 085). Conclusions: There were differences between adult chickenpox and child chickenpox in terms of epidemic and clinical manifestations; the symptoms of child chickenpox were more serious than adult chickenpox. However, the adult chickenpox population is generally susceptible and lacks immune strategy protection, which calls for more attention.
الموضوعات
Child , Humans , Adult , Male , Female , Infant , Chickenpox/prevention & control , Hospitalization , Incidence , Pneumonia/epidemiology , Epidemics , Fever/epidemiology , Chickenpox Vaccineالملخص
INTRODUCCIÓN: En marzo de 2020 la enfermedad por coronavirus 19 fue declarada pandemia por la Organización Mundial de la Salud. Los síntomas más comunes fueron fiebre, tos, astenia, disnea y dolor muscular. Los compromisos pulmonar y del sistema nervioso central presentaron características desafiantes para los médicos asistenciales. Los objetivos del estudio fueron conocer las características epidemiológicas y clínicas de sobrevivientes a infección por SARS-CoV-2 en una región de Argentina, y determinar las diferencias entre género, grupos etarias, año de contagio, tiempo de evolución desde el diagnóstico. MÉTODOS: Se realizó un estudio observacional descriptivo y analítico de corte transversal. Se aplicó un cuestionario auto administrado, que estuvo disponible entre agosto y diciembre de 2021. RESULTADOS: La media de edad fue de 39,4 ± 13,9 años, el 72,8% fueron mujeres. La comorbilidad más frecuente fue hipertensión arterial (11,7%). La mayoría de los pacientes fueron ambulatorios (81,9%). Los síntomas de presentación más frecuentes a cualquier edad, fueron astenia (83,7%), fiebre (54,9%), cefalea (60,8%), anosmia (64,8%), ageusia (53,2%), tos (54,4%) y mialgias (53,7%). Para el grupo de 18 a 29 años los síntomas de presentación más prevalentes fueron cefalea (69,4%), anosmia 69,1%), ageusia (60,2%), odinofagia (45%) y rinitis/congestión nasal (46,9%). En el grupo de 30 a 64 años se observó mayor prevalencia de mialgias (55,8%), artralgias (41%), falta de concentración/memoria (28,3%). Los hombres mostraron más prevalencia de fiebre (64,9% versus 51,1%; p < 0,001) y neumonía (23,5% versus 13,4%; p < 0,001). Luego de las 12 semanas del diagnóstico 38,1% de los pacientes persistían con astenia, 23,6% con anosmia/disosmia y 21,2% con trastornos de concentración/memoria. CONCLUSIONES: La enfermedad por coronavirus 19 presenta un patrón de síntomas sistémicos común a todos los grupos etarios. No obstante, los grupos más jóvenes presentan más prevalencia de síntomas de afección del sistema nervioso central como la anosmia y los grupos intermedios, mayor prevalencia de trastornos cognitivos. Los síntomas más allá de las 12 semanas del diagnóstico alcanzaron a algo más del 10% de los participantes.
INTRIDUCTION: In March 2020, the World Health Organization (WHO) declared a pandemic for coronavirus 19. Typical symptoms were fever, cough, asthenia, dyspnea, and muscle pain. Pulmonary and central nervous system compromise presented challenging characteristics for healthcare physicians. The objectives of this study were to identify epidemiological and clinical characteristics of SARS-COV-2 infection survivors in a region of Argentina and to determine differences between gender, age groups, year of infection, and evolution time since diagnosis. METHODS: A descriptive and analytical cross-sectional observational study was carried out. A self-administered questionnaire was applied, which was available between August and December 2021. RESULTS: Among 1868 individuals included, the mean age was 39.4 ± 13.9 years, and 72.8% were female. Arterial hypertension was the most frequent comorbidity (11.7%). The majority were outpatients (81.9%). The most frequent presentation symptoms at all ages were asthenia (83.7%), fever (54.9%), headache (60.8%), anosmia (64.8%), ageusia (53.2%), cough (54.4%) and myalgias (53.7%). For the 18 to 29 years old age group, the most prevalent presentation symptoms were: headache (69.4%), anosmia (69.1%), ageusia (60.2%), odynophagia (45%), and rhinitis/nasal congestion (46.9%). In the 30 to 64 years old age group, there was a higher prevalence of myalgias (55.8%), arthralgias (41%), and concentration/memory disorder (28.3%). Male showed higher prevalence of fever (64.9% versus 51.1%; p < 0.001) and pneumonia (23.5% versus 13.4%; p < 0.001). After 12 weeks from diagnosis, 38.1% of patients persisted with asthenia, 23.6% with anosmia/dysosmia, and 21.2% with concentration/memory disorders. CONCLUSIONS: Systemic symptoms were common to all age groups with coronavirus 19 disease; however, younger, and intermediate age groups presented a higher prevalence of central nervous system symptoms such as anosmia and cognitive disorders, respectively. Symptoms beyond 12 weeks of diagnosis reached slightly more than 10% of the participants.
الموضوعات
Humans , Male , Female , Adolescent , Adult , Middle Aged , Young Adult , Ageusia/diagnosis , Ageusia/epidemiology , COVID-19/complications , COVID-19/epidemiology , Asthenia , Cross-Sectional Studies , Survivors , Cough/etiology , Cough/epidemiology , Fever/etiology , Fever/epidemiology , SARS-CoV-2 , Anosmia , Headache/etiology , Headache/epidemiologyالملخص
Actualización mundial sobre sarampión a marzo de 2022, y datos en la región de las Américas y en Argentina. Se presentan los datos de casos notificados en la Ciudad de Buenos Aires, a la Semana Epidemiológica 12 de 2022, cobertura de vacunación, y acciones de vigilancia epidemiológica.
الموضوعات
Epidemiological Monitoring , Measles/prevention & control , Measles/transmission , Measles/epidemiology , Argentina , Fever/epidemiology , Latin Americaالملخص
Objetivos El objetivo de este estudio es determinar a qué tipo de patologías nos enfrentamos. Utilizamos la Clasificación Internacional de Atención Primaria para asegurar una nomenclatura objetiva y comparable. Métodos Se realizó un estudio descriptivo, observacional y retrospectivo de una muestra de 108102 consultas de atención primaria de pacientes que acudieron a Urgencias de nuestro hospital para evaluar la epidemiología de la atención pediátrica brindada entre 2011 y 2019. Utilizamos el sistema de clasificación diagnóstica ICPC-2. Resultados El número de asistencias fue mayor en enero, febrero y marzo, así como los fines de semana. Tras ser atendidos, el 6,7% de los pacientes ingresaron en nuestro hospital. Las patologías más frecuentes fueron las infecciones del tracto respiratorio superior, gastroenteritis, fiebre y traumatismos / lesiones. Las patologías que con mayor frecuencia dieron lugar a ingresos hospitalarios fueron fiebre, bronquitis, gastroenteritis y vómitos (p> 0,001). En los ingresos hospitalarios de menores de 1 año, la bronquitis fue la patología más frecuente, mientras que entre los de 1 a 6 años fue la gastroenteritis y entre los de 7 a 14 años fue la apendicitis aguda (p <0,001). Conclusiones Las patologías pediátricas suponen un porcentaje importante de las visitas a urgencias, destacando las infecciones del tracto respiratorio superior, las infecciones intestinales y la fiebre. Sería aconsejable incrementar los recursos de personal en los fines de semana. Es necesario enfatizar en la educación sanitaria de la población para ajustar la demanda de asistencia en los servicios públicos. Se requiere más investigación para adaptar mejor la terminología ICPC-2.
Objectives The aim of this study is to determine what type of pathologies we are facing. We use the International Classification of Primary Care to ensure an objective and comparable nomenclature. Methods We carried out a descriptive, observational, and retrospective study of a sample comprising 108102 primary care encounters of patients presenting at our hospital's Emergency Room to assess the epidemiology of the pediatric care provided between 2011 and 2019. We used the ICPC-2 diagnosis classification system. Results The number of attendances was higher in January, February, and March, as well as at weekends. After being seen, 6.7% of patients were admitted to our hospital. The most frequent pathologies were upper respiratory tract infections, gastroenteritis, fever and trauma/injury. Pathologies most frequently resulting in hospital admissions were fever, bronchitis, gastroenteritis and vomiting (p>0.001). In hospital admissions involving patients under 1 year of age, bronchitis was the most frequent pathology, while among those aged between 1 and 6 years, it was gastroenteritis and among those aged between 7 and 14 years it was acute appendicitis (p<0.001). Conclusions Pediatric pathologies account for a significant percentage of visits to the emergency room, highlighting infections of the upper respiratory tract, intestinal infections, and fever. It would be necessary to increase staff resources on the weekends. It is highly recommended to emphasize the health education of the population to adjust the demand for assistance in public services. More research is required to better adapt the ICPC-2 terminology.
الموضوعات
Humans , Male , Female , Infant, Newborn , Infant , Child, Preschool , Child , Adolescent , Pediatrics , Pediatric Emergency Medicine/statistics & numerical data , Hospitals, General/statistics & numerical data , Respiratory Tract Infections/epidemiology , Wounds and Injuries/epidemiology , Retrospective Studies , Emergency Service, Hospital/statistics & numerical data , Fever/epidemiology , Gastroenteritis/epidemiologyالملخص
BACKGROUND: The Araucania region in Chile had the greatest COVID-19 incidence and lethality in Chile Aim: To describe the clinical characteristics and evolution of patients admitted for COVID-19 in a high complexity Hospital in the region of La Araucanía-Chile. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Review of medical records of the first 169 patients aged 55 ± 17 years (50% women) admitted for COVID-19 between march and may, 2020 at a regional hospital in Temuco Chile. RESULTS: The most common comorbidities of these patients were hypertension, diabetes, and obesity. The symptom triad of cough, dyspnea and fever was present in 85%. Less frequent symptoms were diarrhea and vomiting. Biomarkers at admission such as ferritin, D-dimer, among others, were significantly higher among patients who required admission to the Intensive Care Unit. The presence of cough, dyspnea and fever were significantly associated with longer hospitalization time and requirement for mechanical ventilation. Hypertension and obesity were significantly associated with longer hospitalization stay. Eight percent of patients died. Conclusions: Symptoms such as cough, dyspnea and fever and specific biomarkers on admission were associated with a worse evolution of adult inpatients with COVID-19.
الموضوعات
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , COVID-19/epidemiology , Hypertension/complications , Hypertension/epidemiology , Biomarkers , Comorbidity , Chile/epidemiology , Retrospective Studies , Cough/complications , Dyspnea/etiology , Dyspnea/epidemiology , Fever/complications , Fever/epidemiology , SARS-CoV-2 , Hospitalization , Hospitals , Obesity/complications , Obesity/epidemiologyالملخص
Abstract Background: The SARS-CoV-2 virus may affect both adults and children. Although COVID-19 has a lower prevalence in infancy and has been described as mild, the clinical characteristics may vary, and there is a possibility of complications. The objectives of this study were to describe the clinical and epidemiological aspects of confirmed COVID-19 pediatric cases in the state of Sinaloa, Mexico, during the first 3 months of the pandemic, and children admitted with COVID-19 to a secondary hospital. Methods: This case series includes all patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection confirmed by PCR (polymerase chain reaction) test, identified in the state epidemiological surveillance system (SISVER) between March 1 and May 31, 2020. Confirmed patients admitted to the Sinaloa Pediatric Hospital (HPS) in the same period are also described. Results: Fifty-one children with SARS-CoV-2 were included, of which ten were admitted to the HPS. The median age was 10 years. The more frequent symptoms were fever (78%), cough (67%), and headache (57%). Most cases were mild or asymptomatic. Three patients with comorbidities died. Only four of ten patients identified in HPS were admitted with the diagnosis of possible COVID-19. Conclusions: SARS-CoV-2 infection in children was mostly mild or asymptomatic, and the clinical presentation varied. There is a possibility of complications, especially in children with comorbidities.
Resumen Introducción: El SARS-CoV-2 puede afectar tanto a adultos como a niños. Aunque la COVID-19 presenta menor prevalencia en la infancia y se ha descrito como leve, las características clínicas pueden ser variables y existe la posibilidad de complicaciones. Los objetivos de este estudio fueron describir las características clínicas y epidemiológicas de los casos pediátricos confirmados en el Estado de Sinaloa, México, durante los primeros 3 meses de la pandemia, y de los niños con COVID-19 internados en un hospital de segundo nivel. Métodos: Esta serie de casos incluyó pacientes con infección por SARS-CoV-2 confirmados por prueba de reacción en cadena de la polimerasa (PCR), identificados en el Sistema de Vigilancia Epidemiológica de Enfermedades Respiratorias (SISVER) del 1 de marzo al 31 de mayo de 2020. Se describen también las características de todos los niños confirmados en el Hospital Pediátrico de Sinaloa (HPS) en las mismas fechas. Resultados: Se incluyeron 51 niños con infección por SARS-CoV-2, de los cuales 10 fueron internados en el HPS. La mediana de edad fue de 10 años. Los síntomas más frecuentes fueron fiebre (78%), tos (67%) y cefalea (57%). La mayoría de los casos fueron leves o asintomáticos. Tres pacientes con comorbilidad fallecieron. Solo cuatro de diez pacientes identificados en el HPS ingresaron bajo sospecha de COVID-19. Conclusiones: La infección por SARS-CoV-2 en los niños fue, en su mayoría, asintomática o leve, y la presentación fue variable. Existe la posibilidad de que se produzcan complicaciones, principalmente en niños con comorbilidad.
الموضوعات
Adolescent , Child , Child, Preschool , Female , Humans , Infant , Infant, Newborn , Male , Cough/epidemiology , Fever/epidemiology , COVID-19/epidemiology , Headache/epidemiology , Severity of Illness Index , Polymerase Chain Reaction , Cough/virology , Asymptomatic Infections/epidemiology , Fever/virology , COVID-19/physiopathology , Headache/virology , Hospitalization , Mexicoالملخص
Resumo O estudo analisa a compreensão de pais ou responsáveis por crianças de zero a cinco anos acerca da febre, da condução e do atendimento desse quadro, realizado no serviço de urgência e emergência. A pesquisa qualitativa, por meio da técnica de análise temática, foi feita a partir de entrevistas com 14 pais ou responsáveis que procuraram um serviço pediátrico de urgência e emergência em um município do interior de São Paulo por esse motivo. Os dados coletados foram analisados por meio da técnica de análise temática. As experiencias dos pais que procuram esses serviços relacionam-se a três temas principais: temor da febre; os cuidados com criança febril; e a experiência de atendimento no serviço de urgência e emergência. Identificou-se que o medo exagerado da febre prevalece e que os pais/responsáveis se sentem seguros frente à tecnologia existente nos serviços de urgência e emergência. Os cuidados adotados, todavia, nem sempre são os recomendados para a situação apresentada.
Abstract The study analyses the understanding of parents or guardians of children aged zero to five years old about fever, the conduct and care for this condition, carried out in the urgent and emergency service. The qualitative research, which used the thematic analysis technique, was carried out through interviews with 14 parents or guardians who sought an urgent and emergency Pediatric Service in a municipality in the countryside of São Paulo for this reason. The experiences of parents who seek these services are associated to three main topics: fear of fever; care for a febrile child; and the experience of care at the urgent and emergency services. It was identified that an exaggerated fear of fever predominates and that parents / guardians feel safe regarding the existing technology found in urgent and emergency services. The adopted precautions, however, are not always those recommended for the existing situation.
الموضوعات
Humans , Infant, Newborn , Infant , Child, Preschool , Child , Parents , Emergency Medical Services , Brazil , Qualitative Research , Fever/therapy , Fever/epidemiologyالملخص
Resumo Com exceção da febre amarela, as febres ainda foram pouco exploradas pela historiografia da saúde brasileira. No século XIX, contudo, sua presença na vida social era quase incontornável, atingindo enormes parcelas da população. Suas vítimas padeciam de uma grande variedade de sintomas em que a identificação e a terapêutica eram objeto de intensos debates nos círculos médicos. A intelectualidade luso-brasileira, atenta tanto aos debates médicos europeus quanto a experiências clínicas, esforçou-se para fornecer respostas na forma de intensa produção impressa; no entanto, as manifestações febris encontradas nos trópicos representavam um desafio extra à sua formação europeia, forçando-a a conjugar experiências adquiridas em partes distintas do Império na constituição de saberes específicos sobre as febres tropicais.
Abstract Although fevers (with the exception of yellow fever) have not yet been fully explored by the historiography of Brazilian health, they were almost inevitable in nineteenth-century Brazilian society, affecting huge portions of the population. Their victims suffered from a wide variety of symptoms, and identification and treatment of these symptoms were the object of intense debates in medical circles. The Luso-Brazilian intelligentsia considered European medical debates as well as their own clinical experiences and attempted to provide answers in a flurry of publications. Even so, the manifestations of fever in the tropics presented a challenge that lay beyond their European training, forcing them to combine experiences acquired in different parts of the Empire to comprise specific knowledge on tropical fevers.
الموضوعات
Humans , Male , Female , History, 19th Century , Fever/history , Portugal , Brazil/epidemiology , Fever/epidemiologyالملخص
RESUMEN Con el objetivo de describir las manifestaciones de pacientes con enfermedad por coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19), se evaluaron variables sociodemográficas, antecedentes, manifestaciones clínicas y radiológicas, tratamientos y evolución en pacientes que ingresaron por emergencia, del 6 al 25 de marzo de 2020, al Hospital Nacional Edgardo Rebagliati Martins en Lima. Se registraron 17 pacientes: el 76% eran varones, edad promedio de 53,5 años (rango de 25 a 94); el 23,5% había regresado del extranjero; 41,2% referido de otros establecimientos de salud; 41,2% ingresó a ventilación mecánica; falleció el 29,4% (5 pacientes). Los factores de riesgo detectados fueron adulto mayor, tener hipertensión arterial y obesidad; los principales síntomas, tos, fiebre y disnea; los hallazgos de laboratorio frecuentes, proteína C reactiva elevada y linfopenia; la presentación radiológica predominante, el infiltrado pulmonar intersticial bilateral. Se reporta una primera experiencia en el manejo de pacientes con diagnóstico de la COVID-19 grave en el Perú.
ABSTRACT In order to describe manifestations from patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), sociodemographic variables such as, previous medical history, clinical and radiological manifestations, treatments and evolution of patients were evaluated. This took place from March 6th to 25th, 2020, in the "Edgardo Rebagliati Martins" National Hospital in Lima. Seventeen patients were registered: 76% were male, with an average age of 53.5 years (range 25-94); 23.5% had returned from abroad; 41.2% were referred from other health facilities; 41.2% were admitted to mechanical ventilation; 29.4% (5 patients) died. The risk factors detected were: advanced age, arterial hypertension and obesity. The main symptoms detected were: cough, fever and dyspnea. Frequent laboratory findings were: elevated C-reactive protein and lymphopenia. The predominant radiological presentation was bilateral interstitial lung infiltrate. A first experience in the management of patients diagnosed with severe COVID-19 in Peru is reported.
الموضوعات
Humans , Male , Female , Patients , Peru , Pneumonia, Viral/physiopathology , Respiration, Artificial , Coronavirus Infections/physiopathology , COVID-19 , Hospitalization , Pneumonia, Viral , Pneumonia, Viral/mortality , Pneumonia, Viral/therapy , Severity of Illness Index , Retrospective Studies , Risk Factors , Coronavirus Infections , Coronavirus Infections/mortality , Coronavirus Infections/therapy , Cough/etiology , Cough/epidemiology , Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome , Dyspnea/etiology , Dyspnea/epidemiology , Emergency Medical Services , Pandemics , Fever/etiology , Fever/epidemiologyالملخص
RESUMEN La enfermedad del coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) es poco frecuente en niños y su salud se ve poco comprometida en la mayoría de casos. La presentación clínica más común es tos, fiebre y eritema faríngeo, los casos graves suelen presentarse con taquipnea. El curso de la enfermedad es de una a dos semanas. Los hallazgos de laboratorio son inespecíficos, entre ellos, linfopenia, elevación de la proteína C reactiva y la procalcitonina. En fases iniciales, la radiografía torácica es usualmente normal, y los hallazgos tomográficos más comunes son consolidaciones con signo del halo, vidrio esmerilado y nódulos pequeños, que afectan principalmente las zonas subpleurales. El manejo es sintomático y, en los casos graves, debe estar enfocado a brindar soporte respiratorio. Se recomienda que la manipulación de las secreciones respiratorias sea limitada y que se tengan las mismas precauciones para evitar contaminación que en pacientes adultos.
ABSTRACT COVID-19 is rarely reported in children and they are mildly affected in most cases. The most common clinical presentation of COVID-19 is cough, fever and sore throat; severe cases show tachypnea. The course of the disease is from one to two weeks. Laboratory findings are nonspecific; lymphopenia, elevation of C-reactive protein and procalcitonin have been described. Early chest X-ray is usually normal, and the most common tomographic findings are consolidations with halo, ground-glass opacities and tiny nodules which mainly affects subpleural areas. Management of the disease is supportive; in severe cases, it should be focused on respiratory support. It is recommended to limit the handling of respiratory secretions and to follow the same preventive measures provided to adults.
الموضوعات
Child , Humans , Pneumonia, Viral/epidemiology , Coronavirus Infections/epidemiology , Cough/epidemiology , Fever/epidemiology , Pneumonia, Viral/physiopathology , Severity of Illness Index , Pharyngitis/epidemiology , Pharyngitis/virology , Tomography, X-Ray Computed , Age Factors , Coronavirus Infections/physiopathology , Cough/virology , Pandemics , Fever/virology , COVID-19الملخص
ABSTRACT Febrile illnesses in developing countries are often misdiagnosed as malaria or typhoid fever. Although arboviral infections have similar clinical symptoms, they are usually not screened because of limited resources and the fact that there are several viruses in this group. Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) has been isolated in parts of Nigeria, but there is no documented evidence of the infection in Kogi State. This study determined seroprevalence of active and past CHIKV infection among febrile patients who tested negative for malaria and typhoid fever. Sera from 243 febrile patients were screened for CHIKV IgG and IgM using an immunochromatographic test kit. Clinical and socio-demographic variables were collected using a structured questionnaire. Recent CHIKV infection was observed in 5.8% of the study participants while 25.1% had IgG antibodies demonstrating previous infection. Significant associations were observed between seropositivity and age of participants (p < 0.001), sex (p = 0.044), marital status (p = 0.002), and occupation (p < 0.001). Clinical symptoms such as fever, joint pain, and headache were significantly associated with seropositivity. This study identified recent CHIKV infection in Anyigba. Therefore, there is need for routine screening of febrile patients and molecular characterization to determine the nature of circulating strains.
الموضوعات
Humans , Male , Female , Child , Adolescent , Adult , Middle Aged , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Young Adult , Chikungunya Fever/epidemiology , Reference Values , Socioeconomic Factors , Immunoglobulin G/immunology , Immunoglobulin G/blood , Immunoglobulin M/blood , Immunoassay , Seroepidemiologic Studies , Chikungunya virus/immunology , Prevalence , Cross-Sectional Studies , Sex Distribution , Age Distribution , Fever/epidemiology , Chikungunya Fever/immunology , Antibodies, Viral/blood , Nigeria/epidemiologyالموضوعات
Humans , Male , Female , Adolescent , Adult , Middle Aged , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Young Adult , Pneumonia, Viral/transmission , Coronavirus Infections/transmission , Disease Transmission, Infectious/statistics & numerical data , Infectious Disease Incubation Period , Pneumonia, Viral/epidemiology , Pneumonia, Viral/virology , Respiratory Distress Syndrome, Newborn/epidemiology , Respiratory Distress Syndrome, Newborn/virology , Comorbidity , China/epidemiology , Communicable Disease Control/methods , Coronavirus Infections/complications , Coronavirus Infections/diagnosis , Coronavirus Infections/epidemiology , Coronavirus Infections/virology , Disease Transmission, Infectious/prevention & control , Cough/epidemiology , Cough/virology , Pandemics , Fever/epidemiology , Fever/virology , Myalgia/epidemiology , Myalgia/virology , Betacoronavirus/genetics , Hospitalization/statistics & numerical data , Intensive Care Units/statistics & numerical dataالملخص
INTRODUCCIÓN: El personal de salud, entre ellos los médicos, es parte fundamental en primera línea de defensa ante la pandemia de COVID-19, causada por SARS-Cov-2. OBJETIVO: Caracterizar la clínica y evolución de los primeros casos de contagio por coronavirus en médicos de Perú. METODOLOGÍA: Se presentan una serie de seis casos de médicos infectados por coronavirus, con positividad confirmada para COVID-19, mostrando la evolución diaria desde el diagnóstico de la enfermedad, sus principales signos y síntomas, la evolución de los mismos y hasta el desenlace en cada caso. RESULTADOS: De los casos estudiados, cinco fueron hombres, tenían una mediana de edad de 28 años (rango intercuartílico: 27 a 33). Tres de ellos trabajaban más de 12 horas al día en servicios de hospitalización y emergencia; y tres no contaban con mascarilla como método de protección personal. Los síntomas más frecuentes fueron la temperatura axilar superior a 38 grados Celsius, el malestar general, la tos seca y la odinofagia (este último en tres pacientes). En cuanto al diagnóstico con la prueba molecular, tuvo una mediana de tres días de demora (con rango: de 2 a 6 días). Los síntomas que más persistieron fueron la tos seca (presente durante 10 días en cuatro médicos), y la disgeusia como síntoma único, que tuvo la mayor duración (15 días en un solo médico). En los seis casos la evolución fue favorable. Sin embargo, aún se tienen deficiencias para la definición de reincorporación laboral a sus centros hospitalarios. DISCUSIÓN: A pesar de ser un número pequeño de casos, es el primer reporte en personal de salud y que detalla día a día la evolución de los síntomas de COVID-19. Esto puede servir para la salud ocupacional, e incluso como base para la vigilancia y monitorización de los casos en una población mayor.
INTRODUCTION: Health personnel, including physicians, are a fundamental part of the first line of defense against the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. OBJECTIVE: To characterize the clinical manifestations and course of the first cases of contagion by SARS-CoV-2 in doctors of Peru. METHODOLOGY: We present a series of six cases of doctors infected by SARS-CoV-2, with confirmed positivity for COVID-19, showing the daily evolution from the diagnosis of the disease, its main signs and symptoms, evolution, and until the outcome in each case. RESULTS: Five were men. The median age was 28 years (interquartile range: 27 to 33). In three cases the physician worked more than 12 hours a day in emergency and hospitalization services and not wear a mask at all times. The most frequent symptoms were axillary temperature above 38°C, malaise, dry cough, and odynophagia (the latter in three of the cases). The diagnosis was made at a median of 3 days (interquartile range: 3 to 4 days). The symptoms that persisted the most were dry cough (present during ten days in four doctors). Dysgeusia was the only symptom with the most extended duration (15 days in only one doctor). In the six cases, the course was favorable. However, these doctors found it difficult to return to functions in their hospital centers adequately. DISCUSSION: Despite a small number of cases, it is the first report detailing the evolution of symptoms day by day, which can help for occupational health and even for case surveillance and monitoring.
الموضوعات
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Physicians , Infectious Disease Transmission, Professional-to-Patient , COVID-19 Testing , COVID-19/physiopathology , Peru , Cough/epidemiology , Cough/virology , Dysgeusia/epidemiology , Dysgeusia/virology , Pandemics , Fever/epidemiology , Fever/virology , COVID-19/diagnosis , COVID-19/transmission , Masks/statistics & numerical dataالملخص
ABSTRACT Objective: To evaluate inflammatory signs presented in medical records of patients with a main diagnosis of epileptic seizures, admitted in an emergency unit. Method: Cross-sectional and retrospective study. The sample was composed of 191 medical records, from children, adolescents, adults, and elders, with a clinical diagnosis of epileptic seizures, admitted between June 2016 and June 2017 at the emergency unit of a hospital in Porto Alegre/RS. Results: The prevalent inflammatory signs were tachypnea (33.5%) and/or fever (27.2%) associated with leukocytosis (P=0.030). Children/adolescents had seizures less frequently (P=0.010) and these were due to fever (P=0.000). Adults presented seizures more frequently (P=0.006), which were related to medication/intoxication (P=0.000). In elders, seizures occurred due to metabolic or circulatory abnormalities (P=0.000), less often due to fever (P=0.005). Conclusion: Seizures are related to fever and tachypnea, being caused by different etiologies according to age, being more frequent in adults. Fever is related to leukocytosis, regardless of age.
RESUMEN Objetivo: Evaluar signos inflamatorios registrados en prontuarios de pacientes con diagnóstico principal de crisis epilépticas, admitidos en unidad de emergencia. Método: Estudio transversal, retrospectivo. Muestra compuesta por 191 prontuarios de pacientes pediátricos, adolescentes, adultos y ancianos, diagnosticados con crisis epilépticas, admitidos entre junio de 2016 a junio de 2017 en unidad de emergencia de un hospital de Porto Alegre/RS. Resultados: Prevalencia del taquipnea (33,5%) y/o fiebre (27,2%) como signos inflamatorios, fiebre relacionada a leucocitosis (P=0,030). Niños/adolescentes tienen crisis menos frecuentes (P=0,010) de origen febril (P=0,000). Los adultos presentaron mayor número de eventos (P=0,006), provocados por medicamentos/intoxicaciones (P=0,000). En ancianos, crisis ocurrieron debido a disturbios metabólicos/circulatorios (P=0,000),menor ocurrencia de fiebre (P=0,005). Conclusión: Crisis epilépticas están relacionadas a fiebre y taquipnea, presentando diferentes etiologías según grupo de edad, con mayor ocurrencia entre adultos. Fiebre relacionada con el leucocitosis, independientemente de la edad.
RESUMO Objetivo: Avaliar os sinais inflamatórios registrados em prontuários de pacientes com diagnóstico principal de crise epiléptica, admitidos em unidade de emergência. Método: Estudo transversal, retrospectivo. Amostra composta por 191 prontuários de pacientes pediátricos, adolescentes, adultos e idosos, com diagnóstico clínico de crise epiléptica, admitidos entre junho de 2016 a junho de 2017, na unidade de emergência de um hospital de Porto Alegre/RS. Resultados: Prevalência do relato de taquipneia (33,5%) e/ou febre (27,2%) como sinais inflamatórios, estando febre relacionada à leucocitose (P=0,030). Crianças/adolescentes tiverem crises menos frequentes (P=0,010) ede origem febril (P=0,000). Adultos apresentaram maior número de eventos (P=0,006), provocados por medicações/intoxicações (P=0,000). Nos idosos, crises ocorreram por distúrbios metabólicos/circulatórios (P=0,000), com menor ocorrência de febre (P=0,005). Conclusão: Crises epilépticas estão relacionadas à presença de febre e taquipneia, apresentando diferentes etiologias conforme faixa etária, com maior frequência de ocorrência entre adultos. Febre está relacionada à leucocitose, independentemente da idade.
الموضوعات
Adolescent , Adult , Aged , Child , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Young Adult , Epilepsy/etiology , Fever/complications , Tachypnea/complications , Leukocytosis/complications , Seizures/etiology , Seizures/epidemiology , Bradycardia/complications , Bradycardia/epidemiology , Cross-Sectional Studies , Retrospective Studies , Age Factors , Emergency Service, Hospital , Epilepsy/epidemiology , Fever/epidemiology , Tachypnea/epidemiology , Hospitalization , Inflammation/complicationsالملخص
RESUMEN Objetivo Generar una propuesta preliminar de un sistema integral de vigilancia del síndrome febril agudo para el municipio de Villeta, Cundinamarca, que contribuya en los procesos de recolección de datos en la presentación de casos en humanos y animales. Materiales y Métodos Un estudio retrospectivo transversal de 40 fichas de notificación obligatoria para pacientes con sospecha de dengue captados durante octubre de 2011 y marzo de 2013 en el hospital Salazar de Villeta, que generó una base de datos analizada por el programa Epiinfo 7. Asimismo, debido a la evidencia de circulación de leptospirosis y rickettsiosis en dicho municipio y considerando que estas etiologías son de carácter zoonótico, se realizó una adaptación respecto al evento en canino. De esta manera, estos resultados permitieron diseñar la propuesta de un sistema de vigilancia conformada por definiciones operativas de caso para las etiologías febriles, algoritmos de acción e instrumentos de notificación. Resultados El 60% de las personas que consultaron por síndrome febril pertenecían a la cabecera municipal; el 30% de los pacientes fueron menores de 10 años. Los síntomas manifestados con mayor frecuencia fueron: fiebre (98%), mialgias (85%), cefalea (75%) y artralgias (65%). El mayor número de casos se presentó en septiembre de 2012. El sistema de vigilancia propuesto contribuirá al fortalecimiento de la vigilancia sindrómica, que considera cuatro componentes: humano, animal, comunitario y ambiental, lo que facilita la identificación y la atención oportuna de los casos de síndrome febril agudo. Conclusión El sistema de vigilancia sindrómica permite abordar integralmente las enfermedades febriles con signos comunes haciendo más eficiente el proceso de notificación.(AU)
ABSTRACT Objective To generate a preliminary proposal of an integral surveillance system for the acute febrile syndrome in Villeta municipality, Cundinamarca department, with the goal to establish a collection processes and data capture in the presentation of human and animal cases. Materials and Methods A database was generated from a cross-sectional retrospective study of 40 sheets of mandatory reporting for suspected dengue patients collected during October 2011 and March 2013 from Hospital Salazar of Villeta. These data were analyzed by the Epiinfo 7 program. Also, because of the evidence of leptospirosis and rickettsial circulation in this municipality and whereas these etiologies are zoonotic, an adaptation was made regarding the event in dogs. These results allowed to design the proposed system, including operational surveillance case definitions for febrile etiologies, action algorithms and reporting tools. Results Sixty percent of people who consulted for febrile syndrome belonged to the county seat. 30% of patients were under 10 years. Fever (98%), myalgia (85%), headache (75%) and arthralgia (65%) were the symptoms reported with more frequency. The largest number of cases occurred in September, 2012. The proposed system of syndromic surveillance will strengthen surveillance considering four components: human, animal, community and environmental by facilitating the opportune identification and treatment of cases of acute febrile illnesses. Conclusion The syndromic surveillance system allows to relate comprehensively febrile illnesses with common signs, making the reporting process more efficient.(AU)
Objetivo: Gerar uma proposta preliminar de sistema de vigilância integral da síndrome febril aguda para o município de Villeta, Cundinamarca, que contribua com os processos de coleta de dados na apresentação de casos em humanos e animais. Materiais e Métodos: Estudo transversal retrospectivo de 40 fichas de notificação obrigatória de pacientes com suspeita de dengue capturadas durante outubro de 2011 e março de 2013 no hospital Salazar de Villeta, que gerou um banco de dados analisado pelo programa Epiinfo 7. Também, devido ao evidências de circulação de leptospirose e riquetsiose no referido município e considerando que essas etiologias são zoonóticas por natureza, foi feita uma adaptação quanto ao evento em cães. Dessa forma, esses resultados possibilitaram o desenho da proposta de um sistema de vigilância composto por definições de casos operacionais para etiologias febris, algoritmos de ação e instrumentos de notificação. Resultados: 60% das pessoas que consultaram por síndrome febril pertenciam à sede do município; 30% dos pacientes eram menores de 10 anos. Os sintomas mais frequentemente manifestados foram: febre (98%), mialgias (85%), cefaleia (75%) e artralgias (65%). O maior número de casos foi apresentado em setembro de 2012. O sistema de vigilância proposto contribuirá para o fortalecimento da vigilância sindrômica, que considera quatro componentes: humano, animal, comunitário e ambiental, o que facilita a identificação e o atendimento oportuno dos casos. de síndrome febril aguda. Conclusão: O sistema de vigilância sindrômica permite abordar de forma abrangente as doenças febris com sinais comuns, tornando o processo de notificação mais eficiente.(AU)
الموضوعات
Fever/epidemiology , Epidemiological Monitoring , Cross-Sectional Studies , Retrospective Studies , Colombia/epidemiology , Disease Notification/methodsالملخص
Introducción: La vigilancia del síndrome febril inespecífico es objeto de especial atención, frecuente expresión de la ocurrencia de enfermedades emergentes y reemergentes; su detección oportuna permite formular medidas de intervención adecuadas. Objetivo: Evaluar el comportamiento de la vigilancia del síndrome febril inespecífico. Métodos: Se realizó una investigación observacional descriptiva de corte transversal, mediante la vigilancia activa y pasiva. La población objeto de estudio se determinó por los 384 pacientes detectados con síndrome febril inespecífico en las tres áreas de salud: Juan M. Páez Inchausti, Leonilda Tamayo Matos y Oreste Falls Oñate en la Isla de la Juventud, durante el período de enero a junio de 2017. Se utilizó como fuente primaria de datos la encuesta epidemiológica de cada caso. Para el análisis se emplearon frecuencias absolutas, relativas y tasas. Se evaluaron dos atributos del sistema (oportunidad y valor predictivo positivo). Resultados: La mayor notificación se produjo en las últimas semanas estadísticas, con predominio del área de salud Juan M. Páez Inchausti, que mostró una tasa de 61,8 x 104 hab. Al sexo masculino se atribuyeron 207 casos (48,6 x 10 4 hab.) y la mayor incidencia se evidenció en los menores de 1 año con 48 casos (497,9 x 104 hab). La frecuencia de síntomas presentó el 95,8 por ciento (368) para la fiebre, seguido de la cefalea 47,1 por ciento (181). El atributo de oportunidad se evaluó de medianamente suficiente y el valor predictivo positivo se consideró bajo. Conclusiones: La vigilancia mostró su mayor efectividad en las últimas semanas. Según características demográficas predominó el sexo masculino y la mayor incidencia fue en los menores de 1 año. Existen algunas insuficiencias en el cumplimiento de los atributos esenciales, sin embargo, no afecta el resultado del sistema en su conjunto(AU)
Introduction: The surveillance of the unspecific febrile syndrome is a subject of special attention because it is the most common expression of the occurrence of emerging and re-emerging diseases. Its timely detection allows the formulation of adequate intervention measures. Objective: To evaluate the behavior of the surveillance of the unspecific febrile syndrome. Methods: A descriptive, cross-sectional, observational investigation was carried out through active and passive surveillance. The population studied was determined by 384 patients detected having unspecific febrile syndrome, in three health areas: Juan M. Páez Inchausti, Leonilda Tamayo Matos y Orestes Falls Oñate, located in Isla de la Juventud special municipality , from January to June 2017 . The epidemiological survey of each case was used as the primary source of data. For the analysis, absolute frequencies, relative frequencies and rates were used. Two attributes of the system were evaluated (opportunity and positive predictive value). Results: The highest notification occurred in the last weeks being predominant Juan M. Páez Inchausti health area, which showed the highest rate (61.8 x 104 inhab.). 207 cases were of the male sex (48.6 x 10 4 inhab.) and the highest incidence was evidenced in those younger than 1 year, with 48 cases (497.9 x 104 inhab). The frequency of symptoms was of 95.8 percent (368) for fever, followed by headache 47.1 percent (181). The opportunity attribute was evaluated as medium enough and the PPV was low. Conclusions: The surveillance showed its greatest effectiveness in the last weeks. According to the socio-demographic characteristics, the male sex predominated and the incidence was greater in the ages from 1 to 4 years old. There are some deficiencies in the fulfillment of the essential attributes; however, it does not affect the result of the system as a whole(AU)
الموضوعات
Communicable Diseases, Emerging/prevention & control , Fever/prevention & control , Fever/epidemiology , Epidemiological Monitoring , Arbovirus Infections/diagnosis , Epidemiology, Descriptive , Cross-Sectional Studiesالملخص
Introducción. El objetivo del estudio fue investigar la relación entre reflujo vesicoureteral (RVU) y daño renal en pacientes con infección urinaria (IU) sin fiebre, primera IU febril e IU recurrente. El objetivo secundario, determinar si la proteína C-reactiva (PCR) actuaría como predictor de nefroesclerosis en las IU febriles. Población y métodos. Estudio prospectivo; pacientes pediátricos con IU sin fiebre, primera IU febril e IU recurrente. Los análisis de laboratorio de rutina incluyeron hemograma completo, urea, creatinina, análisis de orina completamente automatizado, urocultivo y PCR. Se realizó ecografía urológica luego del diagnóstico de IU, cistouretrografía miccional tras seis semanas y gammagrafía renal estática con ácido dimercaptosuccínico marcado con 99mTc tras seis meses a todos los participantes. Resultados. Participaron 47 niños con IU sin fiebre, 48 con primera IU febril y 61 con IU recurrente. Hubo una diferencia estadísticamente significativa entre los grupos respecto de RVU y nefroesclerosis (p= 0,001 y p= 0,011, respectivamente). También hubo una diferencia estadísticamente significativa respecto de nefroesclerosis entre los pacientes con y sin RVU (p= 0,001). Además, se estableció una diferencia estadísticamente significativa respecto de nefroesclerosis (p < 0,05) en los pacientes con PCR cinco veces mayor o menor que el valor de corte aceptado (5 mg/dl). Conclusión. La proporción de nefroesclerosis fue paralela a la frecuencia de RVU. Cuanto mayor era el grado de RVU, mayor era el daño renal. Se determinó una correlación positiva entre PCR elevada y nefroesclerosis, lo que señala esclerosis durante el diagnóstico de pielonefritis.
Introduction. The aim was to investigate the relationship between vesicoureteral reflux (VUR) and renal damage in non-febrile, febrile for the first time and recurrent urinary tract infection (UTI) patients. The secondary aim was to determine whether C-reactive protein (CRP) in febrile UTIs could be a predictor of renal scarring. Population and methods. This prospective study included non-febrile, febrile for the first time and recurrent pediatric UTI cases. The routine lab analyses comprised a complete blood count, urea, creatinine, fully automated urinalysis, urine culture and CRP analyses. All the participants were examined using urine ultrasonography subsequent to their UTI diagnosis, voiding cystourethrography (VCUG) after six weeks and Tc-99m dimercaptosuccinic acid (DMSA) static renal scintigraphy after six months. Results. There were included 47 children with non-febrile UTIs, 48 with first febrile UTIs and 61 with recurrent UTIs. A statistically significant difference was found among the groups in terms of VUR and renal scarring (p= 0.001 and p= 0.011, respectively). A statistically significant difference was also found in terms of renal scarring between patients with and without VUR (p= 0.001). Moreover, a statistically significant difference was also present in relation to renal scarring (p <0.05) in patients with five-fold lower or higher CRP values than the accepted cut-off value (5mg/dl). Conclusion. The ratio of renal scars detected was found to be parallel to the VUR frequency. The higher the VUR grade, the more renal damage was found. A positive correlation between elevated CRP and renal scarring was determined, indicating the presence of scarring during the diagnosis of pyelonephritis.
الموضوعات
Humans , Male , Female , Infant, Newborn , Infant , Child, Preschool , Child , Adolescent , Urinary Tract Infections/complications , Vesico-Ureteral Reflux/epidemiology , Cicatrix/epidemiology , Kidney/pathology , Pyelonephritis/complications , Pyelonephritis/diagnosis , Recurrence , Urinary Tract Infections/epidemiology , Vesico-Ureteral Reflux/etiology , C-Reactive Protein/metabolism , Prospective Studies , Ultrasonography/methods , Cicatrix/etiology , Technetium Tc 99m Dimercaptosuccinic Acid/administration & dosage , Fever/etiology , Fever/epidemiology , Kidney/diagnostic imagingالملخص
ABSTRACT Background A/H1N1 influenza is a viral disease that affects a significant part of the population mainly in winter, leading to increased number of medical consultations, hospitalizations and consequently care spending in emergency. Methods This is a case-series retrospective study, involving patients admitted to a tertiary hospital in southern Brazil in 2016 with a clinical diagnosis of acute respiratory infection of the influenza type and laboratory confirmation of influenza A/H1N1. Results 64 patients were included, mostly male, median age of 48.3 months. Chronic underlying diseases were found in 73% of the patients, and these patients evolved to the most unfavorable outcome. About vaccination, of the 57 patients with an age range for vaccination, only 28% had complete vaccination coverage. The main clinical manifestations found in the included patients were fever, cough, intercostal indrawing, wheezing, tachypnea and pulmonary crackles. These patients were mainly followed-up with laboratory tests and chest X-ray. Consolidation was evident in 43% of patients followed by interstitial infiltrate in 33%. A five-day course of neuraminidase inhibitor was prescribed for all patients, as recommended by the WHO, but due to the complications, 73% of the patients required antibiotic therapy, and 61% oxygen therapy. The majority of patients had a favorable outcome, but 11 required intensive care and one died. Conclusions A/H1N1 influenza persists as an important public health problem, mainly due to high morbidity and hospitalization rates. It is important to identify patients with A/H1N1 influenza and clinical situations with higher risk of complications. Through this study, it is possible to analyze the characteristics of pediatric patients with A/H1N1 influenza and mainly to emphasize assistance of populations with comorbidities, since they present higher rates of complications and death.
الموضوعات
Humans , Male , Female , Infant , Child, Preschool , Child , Adolescent , Influenza, Human/epidemiology , Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype , Hospitals, University/statistics & numerical data , Time Factors , Brazil/epidemiology , Comorbidity , Retrospective Studies , Risk Factors , Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction , Influenza, Human/pathology , Influenza, Human/therapy , Fever/epidemiology , Tachypnea/epidemiology , Length of Stayالملخص
En esta edición, se expondrán fundamentalmente los casos de sarampión confirmados de la Ciudad. Ante la circulación del virus de sarampión en países de América y el resto del mundo, la importación de casos es actualmente la forma de entrada del mismo al país y la Ciudad. Se deberá tener en cuenta que la Ciudad de Buenos Aires no presenta casos autóctonos desde 1999 y que confluyen en el momento actual varios factores que pueden desencadenar un brote ante la introducción de un caso: el incremento de susceptibles; la vigilancia cuya tasa de detección, durante varios años, no llegó a la establecida internacionalmente; bajas coberturas de vacunación y que la Ciudad representa el punto más importante del país para la entrada y salida de turistas hacia y desde otros países del mundo. La principal medida para evitar la reintroducción y diseminación del virus del sarampión y la rubéola es sin duda la vacunación de la población susceptible; ésta, junto a un sistema de vigilancia (clínica y de laboratorio) de alta calidad y suficientemente sensible son los pilares para impedir la producción de brotes relacionados con la importación y mantener eliminada esta enfermedad. El sistema de Vigilancia cumple el rol fundamental: detectar oportunamente los casos sospechosos a fin de accionar de manera rápida y efectiva.