الملخص
ABSTRACT Benzodiazepines are psychoactive drugs that are prescribed worldwide with limited information on their ocular side effects. Acute angle closure glaucoma is an adverse event with a high risk of blinding, especially in the elderly. We report two patients under 45 years old who presented with bilateral acute angle closure secondary to use of two long half-life benzodiazepines (clonazepam and alprazolam). In addition to suspending the use of these medications and administering ocular hypotensive drugs, both patients were successfully treated with bilateral peripheral laser iridotomy. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of bilateral acute angle closure secondary to the use of clonazepam and alprazolam.(AU)
RESUMO Os benzodiazepínicos são medicamentos psicoativos prescritos em todo o mundo, mas com poucas informações sobre seus efeitos colaterais oculares. O glaucoma por fechamento agudo do ângulo iridocorneano é um dos eventos adversos com maior risco de cegueira, sendo descrito particularmente em idosos. Relatamos aqui dois pacientes com menos de 45 anos de idade, com fechamento agudo do ângulo bilateral secundário ao uso de dois diferentes benzodiazepínicos de meia-vida longa (clonazepam e alprazolam). Além da suspensão dessas medicações e do tratamento clínico com drogas hipotensoras oculares, ambos os casos alcançaram sucesso com iridotomias periféricas bilaterais à laser. Considerando o conhecimento atual, estes são os primeiros relatos de fechamento agudo do ângulo bilateral secundária ao uso de clonazepam e alprazolam.(AU)
الموضوعات
Humans , Alprazolam/therapeutic use , Glaucoma, Angle-Closure/drug therapy , Clonazepam/therapeutic use , Iridectomy/instrumentation , Lasersالملخص
ABSTRACT The diagnosis of angle-closure glaucoma secondary to iridociliary cysts is challenging and lacks compiled literature support. We present a rare case of bilateral angle-closure glaucoma associated with pseudoplateau iris due to multiple ciliary cysts and conducted a systematic review of the literature to find similar case reports published between November 2006 and November 2016. Only 19 case reports present treatment modalities, and most cases required more than one therapeutic approach for controlling the intraocular pressure. Pseudoplateau iris attributed to iridociliary cysts should be considered in the differential diagnosis of patients with narrow angles, particularly those with ocular hypertension and glaucoma, in which management is complex. In addition to gonioscopy, ultrasound biomicroscopy is considered the conclusive method for accurate diagnosis.
RESUMO O diagnóstico de glaucoma de ângulo fechado secundário a cistos iridociliares é desafiador e não possui suporte da literatura compilada. Apresentamos um caso bilateral raro de glaucoma de ângulo fechado associado à íris pseudoplateau devido a cistos ciliares múltiplos e realizamos uma revisão sistemática da literatura de relatos de casos similares publicados entre novembro de 2006 e novembro de 2016. Apenas 19 relatos de casos apresentaram as modalidades de tratamento e na maioria deles foi necessário mais de uma abordagem terapêutica para controlar a pressão intra-ocular. Íris pseudoplateau atribuída a cistos iridociliários deve ser considerada no diagnóstico diferencial de pacientes com ângulos estreitos, particularmente aqueles com hipertensão ocular e glaucoma, em que o manejo é complexo. Além da go nioscopia, a biomicroscopia ultra-sônica é considerada o método conclusivo para o diagnóstico correto.
الموضوعات
Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Uveal Diseases/complications , Glaucoma, Angle-Closure/etiology , Ciliary Body , Cysts/complications , Tonometry, Ocular , Glaucoma, Angle-Closure/diagnosis , Glaucoma, Angle-Closure/drug therapy , Microscopy, Acoustic , Tomography, Optical Coherenceالملخص
ABSTRACT We report a case of a 5-year-old girl with persistent fetal vasculature who presented with unilateral acute angle closure caused by aqueous misdirection syndrome that was apparently associated with regression of cycloplegia. Initial treatment with topical steroids, anti-glaucomatous drops, and atropine showed insufficient control of the intraocular pressure (IOP). Surgical treatment with lensectomy and vitrectomy resulted in satisfactory IOP control and no complications at the 6-month follow-up.
RESUMO Relatamos o caso de uma criança de 5 anos, sexo feminino com persistência do vítreo primário que apresentou crise de fechamento angular por síndrome do mau direcionamento do humor aquoso, aparentemente associado a regressão da cicloplegia. Tratamento inicial com corticoide tópico, colírios antiglaucomatosos e atropina mostraram controle insuficiente da pressão intraocular (PIO). Tratamento cirúrgico com lensectomia e vitrectomia anterior permitiu o controle satisfatório da PIO, sem intercorrências no seguimento de 6 meses.
الموضوعات
Humans , Female , Child, Preschool , Glaucoma, Angle-Closure/etiology , Persistent Hyperplastic Primary Vitreous/complications , Vitrectomy , Glaucoma, Angle-Closure/surgery , Glaucoma, Angle-Closure/drug therapy , Glaucoma, Angle-Closure/diagnostic imaging , Ultrasonography , Gonioscopy , Intraocular Pressureالملخص
Glaucoma agudo é a apresentação mais sintomática dentro do quadro glaucomatoso, podendo evoluir com perda visual irreversível em poucas horas. Costuma acometer indivíduos com anatomia predisponente. Seu diagnóstico e início rápido do tratamento são fundamentais para preservação do prognóstico visual do paciente.
Acute glaucoma is the most symptomatic presentation of the glaucomatous disease, which can progress to irreversible blindness in just a few hours if left untreated. It typically occurs in patients with predisponent anatomy. It's prompt recognition and fast initiation of therapy is the mainstay to provide a good visual outcome for the patient.
الموضوعات
Glaucoma , Glaucoma, Angle-Closure/diagnosis , Glaucoma, Angle-Closure/drug therapy , Emergenciesالملخص
Introducción: Antecedentes: Descripción de la condición de salud de interés: El glaucoma se define como una neuropatía óptica con daño estructural del nervio óptico acompañado de una disfunción visual secundaria (1). Un daño leve del nervio óptico puede ser asintomático; 50% de los pacientes en países desarrollados con glaucoma pueden no saber que padecen de dicha enfermedad (2-3) . Sin embargo, conforme la enfermedad avanza los síntomas se instauran y empeoran reduciendo la visión periférica, la sensibilidad al contraste, entre otras funciones propias de la visión, comprometiendo la realización de las actividades diarias y en última instancia, el desarrollo de ceguera. Descripción de la tecnología: El tratamiento farmacológico para el glaucoma busca disminuir la presión intraocular a un nivel que sea seguro para el paciente, disminuyendo la producción de humor acuoso o aumentando la salida del mismo del ojo, con el fin de evitar la aparición de ceguera por glaucoma. Evaluación de efectividad y seguridad: Pregunta de investigación: En pacientes con Glaucoma de Ángulo Abierto o Cerrado o con Presión Intraocular elevada, ¿es más efectivo y seguro el timolol y dorzolamida en combinaciones en comparación con brimonidina, timolol, latanoprost, acetazolamida, pilocarpina, betaxolol, tafluprost o bimatoprost para reducir la presión intraocular? La pregunta de investigación fue validada teniendo en cuenta las siguientes fuentes de información: registro sanitario INVIMA, Acuerdo 029 de 2011, guías de práctica clínica, reportes de evaluación de tecnologías, revisiones sistemáticas y narrativas de la literatura, estudios de prevalencia/incidencia y carga de enfermedad, consulta con expertos temáticos, y otros actores clave. Población: Adultos con diagnóstico de hipertensión intraocular, glaucoma de ángulo abierto o de ángulo cerrado. Tecnología de interés: \tTimolol y dorzolamida en combinaciones (Timolol con: dorzolamida, latanoprost, travoprost, bimatoprost. Dorzolamida combinado con Timolol). Conclusiones: Efectividad: en pacientes con presión intraocular o glaucoma de ángulo abierto, timolol en sus combinaciones (travoprost o latanoprost) es más efectivo que los análogos de prostaglandinas solos (latanoprost y travoprost) para la reducción de la presión intra ocular. Asimismo, la combinación de timolol con travoprost, latanoprost y dorzolamida comparado con timolol solo, es más efectiva para la reducción de la presión intraocular. Seguridad: las combinaciones de medicamentos producen más hiperemia conjuntival que el tratamiento con un solo medicamento. No hay evidencia de comparaciones directas entre los medicamentos de interés para definir diferencias respecto a seguridad. La combinación de timolol con bimatoprost fue la que más eventos adversos produjo, comparado con la monoterapia de travoprost, seguido de latanoprost. dorzolamida con timolol es más seguro en comparación con bimatoprost como monoterapia. No se encontró evidencia para otras combinaciones de timolol o dorzolamida.(AU)
الموضوعات
Humans , Adult , Glaucoma, Angle-Closure/drug therapy , Glaucoma, Open-Angle/drug therapy , Ocular Hypertension/drug therapy , Timolol/administration & dosage , Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors/administration & dosage , Treatment Outcome , Colombia , Biomedical Technology , Drug Therapy, Combination , Antihypertensive Agents/administration & dosageالملخص
Introducción: Antecedentes: Descripción de la condición de salud de interés: El glaucoma se define como una neuropatía óptica con daño estructural del nervio óptico acompañado de una disfunción visual secundaria (1). Un daño leve del nervio óptico puede ser asintomático; 50% de los pacientes en países desarrollados con glaucoma pueden no saber que padecen de dicha enfermedad (2-3) . Sin embargo, conforme la enfermedad avanza los síntomas se instauran y empeoran reduciendo la visión periférica, la sensibilidad al contraste, entre otras funciones propias de la visión, comprometiendo la realización de las actividades diarias y en última instancia, el desarrollo de ceguera. Descripción de la tecnología: El tratamiento farmacológico para el glaucoma busca disminuir la presión intraocular a un nivel que sea seguro para el paciente, disminuyendo la producción de humor acuoso o aumentando la salida del mismo del ojo, con el fin de evitar la aparición de ceguera por glaucoma. Evaluación de efectividad y seguridad: Pregunta de investigación: En pacientes con Glaucoma de Ángulo Abierto o Cerrado o con Presión Intraocular elevada, ¿es más efectivo y seguro el travoprost en comparación con brimonidina, timolol, latanoprost, acetazolamida, pilocarpina, betaxolol, tafluprost o bimatoprost para reducir la presión intraocular? La pregunta de investigación fue validada teniendo en cuenta las siguientes fuentes de información: registro sanitario INVIMA, Acuerdo 029 de 2011, guías de práctica clínica, reportes de evaluación de tecnologías, revisiones sistemáticas y narrativas de la literatura, estudios de prevalencia/incidencia y carga de enfermedad, consulta con expertos temáticos, y otros actores clave. Criterios de elegibilidad de la evidencia: Criterios de inclusión: Población. Adultos con diagnóstico de hipertensión intraocular, glaucoma de ángulo abierto o de ángulo cerrado. Tecnología de interés: Travoprost. \r\nComparadores: brimonidina, timolol, latanoprost, acetazolamida, pilocarpina, betaxolol, tafluprost y bimatoprost. Desenlaces: Reducción de la presión intraocular; Eventos adversos. Discusión: Para el tratamiento de glaucoma hay varias opciones terapéuticas, enumeradas anteriormente, y por tanto puede ocurrir que no hayan comparaciones directas entre ciertos tratamientos (comparaciones cabeza a cabeza) y en ocasiones es necesario apoyarse en evidencia indirecta como en los mata-análisis en red. Los resultados de los meta-análisis en red presentados en este reporte difieren en cuanto a la efectividad al comparar travoprost contra timolol, uno reporta una efectividad mayor del travoprost mientras que el otro estudio no reporta diferencias estadísticamente significativas. No obstante otro estudio que reportó esta comparación, apoya una mayor efectividad del travoprost versus timolol. La comparación de latanoprost y travoprost fue reportada por dos estudios y ambos concuerdan en que tiene una efectividad similar. Sin embargo, contra bimatoptost, que es el otro miembro de la familia de los análogos de prostaglandinas, también ha divergencias en cuanto a las conclusiones, sin embargo el meta-análisis que incluyo más estudios primarios da cuenta de una mayor efectividad para el bimatoprost. El tratamiento con travoprost se asocia con mayores eventos adversos, hiperemia conjuntival, que timolol, bimtatoprost y que el latanoprost. A pesar de que es un evento adverso meno, es importante tener en cuenta que dicho evento adverso puede impactar en la adherencia al tratamiento y por ende los pacientes con la presencia de hiperemia conjuntival pueden abandonar el tratamiento. Conclusiones: -Efectividad: travoprost es más efectivo que el timolol para reducir la presión intraocular. No hay diferencias estadísticamente significativas entre travoprost y latanoprost. Entre travoprost y bimatoprost no hay resultados concluyentes sobre diferencias en efectividad. No se identificó evidencia para comparaciones contra brimonidina, latanoprost, acetazolamida, pilocarpina, betaxolol, tafluprost y bimatoprost; -Seguridad: travoprost tiene una mayor probabilidad de desarrollar hiperemia conjuntival, el cual es un evento secundario menor, cuando se compara frente a timolol, bimatoprost y latanoprost. No se identificó evidencia para comparaciones contra brimonidina, latanoprost, acetazolamida, pilocarpina, betaxolol, tafluprost y bimatoprost.(AU)
الموضوعات
Humans , Glaucoma, Angle-Closure/drug therapy , Glaucoma, Open-Angle/drug therapy , Ocular Hypertension/drug therapy , Ophthalmic Solutions , Treatment Outcome , Colombia , Biomedical Technology , Travoprost/administration & dosageالملخص
Antecedentes: Descripción de la condición de salud de interés: El glaucoma se define como una neuropatía óptica con daño estructural del nervio óptico acompañado de una disfunción visual secundaria. Un daño leve del nervio óptico puede ser asintomático; 50% de los pacientes en países desarrollados con glaucoma pueden no saber que padecen de dicha enfermedad. Sin embargo, conforme la enfermedad avanza los síntomas se instauran y empeoran reduciendo la visión periférica, la sensibilidad al contraste, entre otras funciones propias de la visión, comprometiendo la realización de las actividades diarias y en última instancia, el desarrollo de ceguera. Descripción de la tecnología: El tratamiento farmacológico para el glaucoma busca disminuir la presión intraocular a un nivel que sea seguro para el paciente, disminuyendo la producción de humor acuoso o aumentando la salida del mismo del ojo, con el fin de evitar la aparición de ceguera por glaucoma. Evaluación de efectividad y seguridad: Pregunta de investigación: En pacientes con Glaucoma de Ángulo Abierto (GAA) o Cerrado (GAC) o con Presión Intraocular (PIO) elevada, ¿es más efectiva y segura la combinación de brimonidina con timolol, en comparación con brimonidina, timolol, latanoprost, acetazolamida, pilocarpina, betaxolol, tafluprost o Bimatorprost para reducir la presión intraocular? La pregunta de investigación fue validada teniendo en cuenta las siguientes fuentes de información: registro sanitario INVIMA, Acuerdo 029 de 2011, guías de práctica clínica, reportes de evaluación de tecnologías, revisiones sistemáticas y narrativasd la iteratura, estudios de prevalencia/incidencia y carga de enfermedad, consulta con expertos temáticos, y otros actores clave. prevalencia/incidencia y carga de enfermedad, consulta con expertos temáticos, y otros actores clave. Población: Adultos con diagnóstico de hipertensión intraocular, glaucoma de ángulo abierto o de ángulo cerrado. Métodos de síntesis de la evidencia: Para cada comparación y sus respectivos desenlaces (de seguridad y efectividad) se seleccionó el estudio que cumplió con los siguientes criterios: a) disponibilidad de evidencia directa (estudios cabeza a cabeza, con análisis pragmáticos "Intención a Tratar"), b) evidencia de alta calidad, c) no importante heterogeneidad clínica, estadística y metodológica y d) precisión del tamaño del efecto. Conclusiones: Efectividad: La combinación de \r\nbrimonidina con timolol es igual de efectiva a timolol como monoterapia. No se encontraron comparaciones contra brimonidina, latanoprost, acetazolamida, pilocarpina, betaxolol, tafluprost y bimatoprost. Seguridad: Seguridad: No se encontraron desenlaces de seguridad en el estudio incluido.
الموضوعات
Humans , Glaucoma, Angle-Closure/drug therapy , Glaucoma, Open-Angle/drug therapy , Ocular Hypertension/drug therapy , Technology Assessment, Biomedical , Timolol/administration & dosage , Treatment Outcome , Drug Therapy, Combination , Brimonidine Tartrate/administration & dosageالملخص
PURPOSE: To evaluate changes in anterior chamber depth (ACD) and angle width induced by phacoemulsification and intraocular lens (IOL) implantation in eyes with glaucoma, using anterior segment optical coherence tomography (AS-OCT). METHODS: Eleven eyes of 11 patients with angle-closure glaucoma (ACG) and 12 eyes of 12 patients with open-angle glaucoma (OAG) underwent phacoemulsification and IOL implantation. Using AS-OCT, ACD and angle parameters were measured before and 2 days after surgery. Change in intraocular pressure (IOP) and number of ocular hypotensive drugs were evaluated. RESULTS: After surgery, central ACD and angle parameters increased significantly in eyes with glaucoma (p < 0.05). Prior to surgery, mean central ACD in the ACG group was approximately 1.0 mm smaller than that in the OAG group (p < 0.001). Post surgery, mean ACD of the ACG group was still significantly smaller than that of the OAG group. No significant differences were found in angle parameters between the ACG and OAG groups. In the ACG group, postoperative IOP at the final visit was significantly lower than preoperative IOP (p = 0.018) and there was no significant change in the number of ocular hypotensive medications used, although clinically, patients required fewer medications. In the OAG group, the IOP and number of ocular hypotensive drugs were almost unchanged after surgery. CONCLUSIONS: The ACD and angle width in eyes with glaucoma increased significantly after phacoemulsification and IOL implantation. Postoperative ACD significantly differed between the ACG and OAG groups, whereas angle parameters did not differ.
الموضوعات
Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Anterior Chamber/anatomy & histology , Glaucoma, Angle-Closure/drug therapy , Glaucoma, Open-Angle/drug therapy , Intraocular Pressure , Lens Implantation, Intraocular/adverse effects , Phacoemulsification/adverse effects , Postoperative Period , Preoperative Period , Tomography, Optical Coherenceالملخص
Context: Peripheral anterior synechiae (PAS; synechiae anterior to functional trabecular meshwork) formation in primary angle-closure glaucoma (PACG) hampers access to uveoscleral outflow. Thus, the role of bimatoprost in such patients with 360° synechiae was evaluated. Aims: To assess efficacy and safety profile of bimatoprost 0.03% in lowering intraocular pressure (IOP) in 360° synechial angle-closure glaucoma patients. Settings and Design: This was a prospective, non-randomized, non-comparative, selective analysis, single-center pilot study. Materials and Methods: A total of 23 eyes of 20 Indian chronic angle-closure glaucoma (CACG) patients with IOP greater than 21 mmHg, 360° PAS and no visual potential in the study eye underwent detailed eye examination. Baseline IOP was measured and YAG peripheral iridotomy was performed for complete angle-closure reconfirmation. Bimatoprost 0.03% was administered for 8 weeks as once-daily evening dose. IOP reduction within treatment group was determined with “paired t-test”. Results: The mean reduction in IOP from baseline to 8 weeks of bimatoprost therapy was 15.3 ± 9.5 mmHg (P < 0.001). The most commonly observed adverse event was conjunctival hyperemia (35%). Bimatoprost was well tolerated in the study. Conclusions: In this study, exclusively involving patients with 360° synechial angle-closure glaucoma and no visual potential, bimatoprost 0.03% treatment demonstrated a statistically significant IOP reduction. Hence, it can be inferred that bimatoprost 0.03% is an efficacious treatment modality in this subgroup of patients for reducing IOP.
الموضوعات
Adult , Aged , Amides/administration & dosage , Amides/adverse effects , Antihypertensive Agents/administration & dosage , Antihypertensive Agents/adverse effects , Cloprostenol/administration & dosage , Cloprostenol/adverse effects , Cloprostenol/analogs & derivatives , Conjunctiva/blood supply , Drug Administration Schedule , Female , Glaucoma, Angle-Closure/drug therapy , Glaucoma, Angle-Closure/physiopathology , Humans , Hyperemia/chemically induced , Intraocular Pressure/drug effects , Male , Middle Aged , Pilot Projects , Prospective Studies , Treatment Outcomeالملخص
Primary angle closure glaucoma (PACG) is equally prevalent in Indian in Asian population as the primary open angle glaucoma. Eighty-six percent of people with PACG are in Asia, with approximately 48.0% in China, 23.9% in India and 14.1% in southeast Asia. To understand PACG, it is mandatory to understand its classification and type of presentation with the underlying pathophysiology. The treatment options are medical, laser and/or surgical. The present article provides an overview of PACG.
الموضوعات
Acute Disease , Antihypertensive Agents/therapeutic use , Asia/epidemiology , China/epidemiology , Chronic Disease , Glaucoma, Angle-Closure/drug therapy , Glaucoma, Angle-Closure/epidemiology , Glaucoma, Angle-Closure/surgery , Humans , Iris/surgery , Laser Therapy , Ophthalmologic Surgical Procedures , Prevalenceالملخص
A 45-year-old male presented with intractable glaucoma following 360-degree angle recession after blunt trauma. He underwent an uncomplicated trabeculectomy with mitomycin-C (MMC). Adequate precautions were taken to reduce the chances of sudden lowering of intraocular pressure (IOP). He did not have any intraoperative shallowing of the anterior chamber or postoperative hypotony, but still developed ocular decompression retinopathy. On detailed review of the previously reported cases we discovered that besides a large IOP drop after surgery, either the preoperative rise of IOP in all these cases was over a relatively short period or the course of their glaucomatous process was likely to have exposed them to intermittent spikes of high IOP. To our knowledge this factor has not been previously postulated in the pathophysiology of ocular decompression retinopathy. We illustrate this with a rare case of ocular decompression retinopathy after trabeculectomy with MMC for post-traumatic angle recession glaucoma.
الموضوعات
Alkylating Agents/administration & dosage , Combined Modality Therapy , Decompression, Surgical/adverse effects , Eye Injuries/complications , Glaucoma, Angle-Closure/drug therapy , Gonioscopy , Humans , Intraocular Pressure , Male , Middle Aged , Mitomycin/administration & dosage , Retinal Hemorrhage/etiology , Trabeculectomy , Visual Acuity , Wounds, Nonpenetrating/complicationsالملخص
Ocular complications in dengue fever are uncommon but may result in visual loss. The authors report the first documented case of a patient with dengue fever who presented with simultaneous bilateral acute angle closure glaucoma. The disease was confirmed by specific serological tests. Despite the treatment, severe visual impairment occurred in this case.
Complicações oculares são incomuns na dengue, mas podem resultar em perda visual. Os autores relatam o primeiro caso de um paciente com dengue que apresentou glaucoma agudo bilateral. Testes sorológicos confirmaram a doença. Apesar do tratamento, houve perda visual grave.
الموضوعات
Aged , Female , Humans , Severe Dengue/complications , Glaucoma, Angle-Closure/etiology , Acute Disease , Atrophy/diagnosis , Glaucoma, Angle-Closure/drug therapy , Iris/pathologyالملخص
Topiramato é droga derivada das sulfas e utilizada sistemicamente como anticonvulsivante. Pode produzir efusão uveal e causar glaucoma agudo por fechamento angular pelo deslocamento da íris e do cristalino anteriormente, com miopização transitória. O processo cede com a suspensão da droga, se identificado precocemente. Os autores relatam, pela primeira vez na literatura científica nacional, um caso no qual a efusão uveal ocorreu após a administração de topiramato para tratamento de enxaqueca. Paciente branca de 40 anos foi examinada no setor de emergência do Hospital Banco de Olhos de Porto Alegre apresentando cefaléia intensa, dor ocular e diminuição da visão em ambos os olhos. Referia uso de topiramato desde dez dias antes do início dos sintomas. O exame biomicroscópico mostrava injeção conjuntival, quemose e câmara anterior rasa nos dois olhos. A pressão intra-ocular era de 40 mmHg no olho direito e 38 mmHg no olho esquerdo. Os achados fundoscópicos estavam normais nos dois olhos. A ultra-sonografia ocular mostrou efusão uveal e descolamento de coróide bilateral nos dois olhos. Foi realizado o diagnóstico de efusão uveal relacionada com o uso de topiramato. A medicação foi suspensa com melhora do quadro clínico e da acuidade visual três dias após a apresentação inicial. A efusão uveal induzida por drogas ocorre raramente. O topiramato pode causar edema do corpo ciliar e relaxamento da zônula, com conseqüente deslocamento anterior do diafragma irido-cristaliniano, causando miopização aguda e fechamento angular. Como o mecanismo de fechamento angular não envolve bloqueio pupilar, iridectomias periféricas e o uso de mióticos tópicos não são efetivos nesses casos. Houve regressão completa do quadro após a suspensão da medicação.
This paper reports a clinical case of uveal effusion in both eyes causing bilateral acute angle closure glaucoma in a young patient after oral administration of topiramate, a new anticonvulsivant medication. Rarely, some drugs have produced uveal effusions, forward shift of the iris-lens diaphragm, transient myopia and secondary angle closure glaucoma. A 40-year old white woman was seen at the emergency department of the "Hospital Banco de Olhos de Porto Alegre (RS)" - Brazil, with severe headaches and blurry vision in both eyes. Her medications included topiramate, started 10 days before. Slit lamp examination revealed conjunctival injection, chemosis and shallow anterior chambers. Intraocular pressure measured 40 and 38 mmHg. Fundoscopic examination findings were normal. Ultrasound scan was performed and demonstrated separation between the choroidal layer and the sclera. A diagnosis of bilateral uveal effusion associated with the use of oral topiramate was made. Topiramate was then discontinued. The patient reported symptomatic improvement by the third day after initial examination. Symptoms were resolved and visual acuity returned to normal. Topiramate may cause ciliary body edema and relaxation of zonules, which induces a forward shift of the lens-iris diaphragm with acute myopia and angle closure. As the mechanism of angle closure does not involve pupillary block, peripheral iridectomy and topical miotics are not useful in the treatment of this type of secondary angle-closure glaucoma. Drug-induced uveal effusions occur rarely. The patient improved after topiramate discontinuation.
الموضوعات
Humans , Female , Middle Aged , Anticonvulsants/adverse effects , Fructose/adverse effects , Fructose/analogs & derivatives , Glaucoma, Angle-Closure/chemically induced , Acute Disease , Glaucoma, Angle-Closure/drug therapy , Visual Acuityالملخص
OBJECTIVE: To report three cases of delayed choroidal detachment after treatment with topical prostaglandin analogs. MATERIAL AND METHOD: Intervention three case reports. Four eyes of three patients with chronic angle closure glaucoma developed choroidal detachment after using topical prostaglandin analogs. RESULTS: Three patients with chronic angle closure glaucoma developed chroidal detachment in one week, three weeks and two years after using travoprost, bimatoprost and latanoprost respectively. All of them resolved after discontinuation of these medications. All of the eyes that developed chroidal detachment were pseudophakic. CONCLUSION: Travoprost, bimatoprost and latanoprost may lead to choroidal detachment and hypotony. Pseudophakic patients may be at high risk of the development of chroidal detachment. Topical prostaglandin analogs should be used cautiously in these patients.
الموضوعات
Administration, Topical , Aged , Amides , Choroid Diseases/chemically induced , Cloprostenol/adverse effects , Female , Glaucoma, Angle-Closure/drug therapy , Humans , Lipids/adverse effects , Middle Aged , Ocular Hypotension , Prostaglandins F, Synthetic/adverse effects , Prostaglandins, Synthetic/adverse effects , Risk Factors , Time Factorsالملخص
Objetivos: Avaliar a frequência dos tipos de glaucoma no Setor de Glaucoma do Hospital das Clínicas da Universidade Estadual de Campinas. Métodos: estudo Transversal de 329 pacientes atendidos no Setor de Glaucoma da Universidade Estadual de Campinas entre 1 de outubro e 20 de dezembro de 2000, com avaliação dos tipos de glaucoma e conduta terapêutica. Resultados: De 329 pacientes atendidos no Ambulatório de Glaucoma, 132 foram encaminhados ao ambulatório por suspeita de glaucoma (40,1 por cento) e 197 como glaucoma diagnosticado (59,9 por cento). Dos 132 suspeitos de glaucoma, 90 (68,2 por cento) foram confirmados como tendo glaucoma e 42 (31,8 por cento) encontraram-se em acompanhamento. Dos 329 pacientes avaliados, 238 (86 por cento) tinham glaucoma, 42 (12,8 por cento) suspeita de glaucoma, 2 (0,6 por cento) diagnóstico de glaucoma excluído e 2 (0,6 por cento) hipertensão ocular. Dos 530 olhos glaucomatosos, havia 298 (56,2 por cento) glaucomas primários de ângulo aberto, 108 (20,4 por cento) glaucomas primários de ângulo estreito, 21 (4 por cento) glaucomas pós-facectomia, 19 (3,6 por cento) glaucomas congênitos e 16 (3 por cento) glaucomas de pressão normal. A conduta terapêutica odotada foi inicialmente clínica em todos os casos. Após seguimento médio de 10,5 meses, 89 (16,8 por cento) olhos necessitaram tratamento com laser: 72 (13,6 por cento) iridotomias, 7 (1,3 por cento) trabeculoplastias e 10 (1,9 por cento) panfotocoagulações. Cento e setenta e cinco olhos (33 por cento) foram submetidos a tratamento cirúrgico. Conclusão: O tipo mais frequente de glaucoma observado foi o glaucoma primário de ângulo aberto, seguido por glaucoma primário de ângulo estreito. Glaucomas como o de pressão normal e o pseudo-exfoliativo foram pouco frequentes na população estudada.
الموضوعات
Humans , Male , Female , Middle Aged , Glaucoma , Cross-Sectional Studies , Glaucoma , Glaucoma, Open-Angle/surgery , Glaucoma, Open-Angle/diagnosis , Glaucoma, Open-Angle/drug therapy , Glaucoma, Angle-Closure/surgery , Glaucoma, Angle-Closure/diagnosis , Glaucoma, Angle-Closure/drug therapyالملخص
OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy and safety profile of brimonidine as adjunctive therapy to beta-blockers between primary open angle glaucoma (POAG) and chronic angle closure glaucoma (CACG) in Asian eyes. DESIGN: Three-months, open-label, prospective study. PARTICIPANTS: Twenty-three patients (35 eyes) with POAG and 25 patients (39 eyes) with CACG were enrolled in the study. INTERVENTION: Patients with POAG or CACG post iridectomy whose IOP was inadequately controlled with topical beta-blocker monotherapy were included. Then, brimonidine 0.2 per cent was added twice daily in both groups. Study visit occurred at weeks 2, 4, 8, and 12. Complete ophthalmic examinations were performed in all visits. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Efficacy was determined by reduction in IOP from baseline and tolerability was assessed by reports of adverse events. RESULTS: After 3 months of brimonidine adjunctive treatment, the mean (+/- SEM) IOP reduction were 4.37+/-0.34 mmHg (19.4%) in POAG and 4.54+/-0.37 mmHg (20.1%) in CACG (p= 0.741). No serious ocular or systemic adverse event was reported. CONCLUSION: Brimonidine was well tolerated, efficacious and provided additive IOP reduction in POAG and CACG.
الموضوعات
Adrenergic alpha-Agonists/therapeutic use , Adrenergic beta-Antagonists/therapeutic use , Drug Therapy, Combination , Female , Glaucoma, Angle-Closure/drug therapy , Glaucoma, Open-Angle/drug therapy , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Prospective Studies , Quinoxalines/therapeutic use , Thailand , Treatment Outcomeالملخص
Objective: To investigate the effect of latanoprost in IOP after laser iridectomy or filtering surgery Methodology: Patients of chronic angle closure glaucoma post laser iridectomy or filtering surgery were given latanoprost 0.005 percent eye drop in the evening for 2-6 weeks after a washout period ranging from 5 days - 28 days. IOP was measured at 9:00 a. m., 1:00 p.m. and 5: 00 p.m. per patient using a calibrated goldmann applanation tonometer Results: 29 patients were enrolled in study. There was a significant reduction in IOP among these patients Conclusion: Latanoprost 0.005 percent provides a significant reduction in IOP among patients with residual angle closure after laser iridectomy or filtering surgery. (Author)
الموضوعات
Humans , Male , Female , Humans , Male , Female , Latanoprost , Intraocular Pressure/drug effects , Glaucoma, Angle-Closure , Glaucoma, Angle-Closure/drug therapyالملخص
Objetivo: Avaliar o efeito do tartarato de brimonidina a 0,2 por cento tópico, ins-tilado de 12/12 horas, na circulaçäo retrobulbar em pacientes portadores de glaucoma. Métodos: Foram estudados os 2 olhos de 16 pacientes portadores de glaucoma primário de ângulo aberto e glaucoma crônico de ângulo estreito com iridotomia. Usando o Doppler colorido foram avaliados: velocidade sistólica máxima, velocidade diastólica final e índice de resistência das artéria central da retina, artéria ciliar posterior curta temporal e artéria oftálmica. As avaliaçöes foram feitas antes e depois do uso da brimonidina. Resultados: O tartarato de brimonidina a 0,2 por cento aumentou significativamente a velocidade sistólica máxima (28,24 para 34,23 cm/seg) e velocidade diastólica final (6,62 para 8,10 cm/seg) no olho direito e reduziu o índice de resistência (0,75 para 0,71) no olho esquerdo da artéria oftálmica. Conclusäo: O tartarato de brimonidina 0,2 por cento 2x/dia aumentou significativamente a velocidade sistólica máxima e velocidade diastólica final e reduziu índice de resistência da artéria oftálmica de pacientes glaucomatosos. Este efeito sugere que a brimonidina pode beneficiar pacientes glaucomatosos com insuficiência vascular na cabe-ça do nervo óptico.
الموضوعات
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , Blood Circulation/physiology , Glaucoma, Open-Angle/drug therapy , Glaucoma, Angle-Closure/drug therapy , Quinoxalines/therapeutic use , Ultrasonography, Doppler, Color , Optic Nerve/blood supply , Prospective Studies , Blood Flow Velocity/physiologyالملخص
Thirty-three eyes of 33 patients were prospectively evaluated to study the short term efficacy, safety, and overall surgical outcome of initial trabeculectomy for primary glaucomas with adjunctive intraoperative or postoperative 5-Fluorouracil (5-FU) use. Twelve eyes serving as controls underwent trabeculectomy without adjunctive antimetabolites. Eleven eyes received intraoperative 5-FU, while 10 eyes received subconjunctival 5-FU postoperatively. Intraocular pressure (IOP) was maintained below 22 mmHg at 3 months of follow up in 90.9% and 80% of patients in the intraoperative and postoperative 5-FU groups, respectively, without use of additional antiglaucoma medications, whereas 66.7% of the patients in the control group achieved similar IOP levels. Hypotony (IOP < 6 mmHg) was seen more commonly after intraoperative 5-FU (27.3%). Corneal epithelial defects were seen exclusively in the postoperative 5-FU group (40%). The use of intraoperative 5-FU exclusively as a mode of antimetabolites delivery seems an acceptable alternative to enhance success rates of trabeculectomy for the primary glaucomas.