الملخص
Colossoma macropomum, known locally as tambaqui, is the native fish most farmed in Brazil, however, technological advances are needed to reach efficient production rates. Modulating growth factors, such as growth hormone, may be associated with improved growth rate and feed efficiency. The use of exogenous hormone for fish rearing is prohibited in Brazil, yet the experimental use of bovine hormone can be useful in research aimed at understanding how to stimulate endogenous growth hormones in fish. Therefore, the present study had the strict objective of understanding the effects of growth hormone on the physiology and zootechnical parameters of C. macropomum under experimental conditions. The animals were intraperitoneally injected every fifteen days with 1, 10 and 100 g g-1 of bGH using 0.9% NaCl saline as diluent. The 10 and 100 g g-1 bolus had a positive effect on the performance indexes of C. macropomum: weight gain (g), growing length (cm), daily weight gain (g), feed conversion and specific growth rate (% per day). The bGH promoted a greater increase in length than in mass, which caused a reduction in condition factor of the individuals receiving a bolus of 10 and 100 g g-1. Furthermore, bGH caused no changes in glucose levels, cortisol, hematological parameters, plasma levels of Na+ and K+, and activity of gills H+-ATPase and Na+, K+-ATPase, at least during the experimental period considered in the present study.
O tambaqui, Colossoma macropomum, é o peixe nativo mais cultivado no Brasil. No entanto, avanços tecnológicos são necessários para incrementar as taxas de produção. Fatores de crescimento moduladores, como o hormônio do crescimento, podem estar associados a uma melhoria na taxa de crescimento e eficiência alimentar. O uso de hormônio exógeno para a criação de peixes é proibido por lei no Brasil, porém, o uso experimental do hormônio bovino pode ser útil em pesquisas que visam determinar mecanismos de estímulo dos hormônios de crescimento endógenos em peixes. Portanto, o presente estudo teve como objetivo estrito a compreensão dos efeitos do hormônio de crescimento sobre a fisiologia e os parâmetros zootécnicos de C. macropomum em condições experimentais . Os animais foram injetados intraperitonealmente a cada quinze dias com 1, 10 e 100 g g-1 de bGH, utilizando solução salina a 0,9% de NaCl como diluente. Observou-se que as concentrações 10 e 100 g g-1 tiveram um efeito positivo sobre os índices de desempenho de C. macropomum em ganho de massa (g), crescimento em comprimento (cm), ganho de massa diário (g), conversão alimentar e taxa de crescimento específico (% por dia). O bGH promoveu ganho maior em comprimento do que em massa, o que causou diminuição do fator de condição nos indivíduos que receberam 10 e 100 g g-1. Além disso, o bGH não causou alterações nos níveis de glicose, cortisol, parâmetros hematológicos, níveis plasmáticos de Na+ e K+ e na atividade de H+-ATPase e Na+, K+-ATPase nas brânquias durante o período experimental.
الموضوعات
Animals , Characiformes/growth & development , Characiformes/blood , Growth Hormone/adverse effects , Aquaculture , Osmoregulationالملخص
The hormonal abuse in physical exercise practioners is very common. Many pleople believe these substances can promote skeletal muscle hyperthrophy and improve physical fitness without health damaging effects. However, this is another myth that science unmasked. This article updates information regarding abuse of insulin, growth hormone, thyroid hormones, and erythropoitin. The peptide hormone abuse can cause motor paralysis, skeletal muscle damage and loss, diabetes mellitus, hypothyroidism, arterial hypertension, sweating, headaches, vomiting and enhances the risk for atherosclerosis, thrombosis, osteoporosis, and cancer.
الموضوعات
Sports , Exercise , Peptide Hormones/adverse effects , Erythropoietin/adverse effects , Erythropoietin/physiology , Sports/physiology , Exercise/physiology , Growth Hormone/adverse effects , Growth Hormone/physiology , Peptide Hormones/physiology , Thyroid Hormones/adverse effects , Thyroid Hormones/physiology , Humans , Insulins/adverse effects , Insulins/physiologyالملخص
Growth hormone [GH], insulin-like growth factor-I [IGF-I], IGF-binding protein [GH/IGF/IGFBP] axis has been suggested both to maintain normal renal function and to play an important role in the development of diabetic nephropathy [DN], in patients with type 1 diabetes [T1D]. Nephromegaly [NM] and microalbuminuria [MA] are early markers of DN. Study the role of urinary concentrations of GH and IGF-I in the development of DN, in children and adolescents suffering T1D, A total of 50 children and adolescents with T1D of 6-14 years old were recruited from the Pediatric Diabetes Clinic at King Abdulaziz University Hospital, 23 were males and 27 were females. Subjects were divided into two groups; 20 with early-onset diabetes and 30 with long-term diabetes. Both groups were subjected to history-taking, clinical examination including body mass index [BMI], pubertal staging according to the rating of Tanner[1], assessment of glycemic control, measurement of kidney volume [KV], as a marker of glomerular hypertrophy, by ultrasonography [U/S]. The overall rate of MA and NM accounted for 20% [10/50] and 26% [13/50], respectively, being more detected in long-term diabetics than that in patients with early-onset diabetes, with significant difference. Long-term diabetics had significantly higher albumin excretion rate [AER] and urinary GH and IGF-I concentrations than that in early-onset diabetics. The mean BMI, pubertal duration, urinary GH and urinary IGF-I were significantly higher among diabetics positive for MA than that among diabetics negative for MA. our data, which reflect increased mean urinary GH / IGF-I production, strengthen the evidence of an association between GH and MA and NM and also implicate urinary GH/ IGF-I in DN, particularly in children and adolescents with long-term diabetes, increased pubertal duration and poor glycemic contro
الموضوعات
Humans , Male , Female , Growth Hormone/adverse effects , Insulin-Like Growth Factor I/adverse effects , Diabetic Nephropathies/complications , Childالملخص
The diagnosis of idiopathic short stature (ISS) is common among patients with short stature, especially those with a height lower than 2 standard deviations (SD) of the mean. The diagnosis of ISS is considered in children with short stature in whom no recognizable causes are found after a proper evaluation by pediatric endocrinologists. The professional must perform a complete personal and family history, appropriate anthropometry and physical examination and confirm that general and specific laboratory studies including supraphysiological stimuli to measure growth hormone, are normal. Growth hormone (GH) treatment is safe and effective in patients with ISS. Its effects are very similar to those observed in other conditions that affect growth as Turner Syndrome and Small for Gestational Age Short Children. However, treatment is still controversial because ethical, psychological, social, cultural and economic issues, wich are difficult to evaluate, must be taken into account. Individual patient differences and their family environment must also be considered. The hormone is more often indicated to fulfil parent or social environment needs rather than the wish of the patients. Although the treatment is safe, it is not free of complications and its results are often poorer than those expected by patients or their parents. The Chilean Society of Endocrinology and diabetes commissioned a panel of experts among its members, to generate a consensus document on ISS and the use of growth hormone, to provide information and recommendations to the Chilean community.
الموضوعات
Humans , Body Height , Growth Hormone/therapeutic use , Growth Disorders/psychology , Growth Disorders/drug therapy , Body Image , Consensus , Growth Hormone/adverse effects , Interpersonal Relations , Risk Factors , Self Concept , Social Supportالملخص
O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o efeito da somatotropina recombinante bovina (rbST) sobre os marcadores do metabolismoenergético, proteico, mineral e hepático de touros mantidos em semiconfinamento. Foram utilizados 20 touros de raçasAberdeen Angus e Brangus, sendo divididos aleatoriamente em dois grupos (Placebo e rbST), para que no Placebo fosseadministrado via subcutânea duas doses de NaCl, 0,9% e no rbST fosse administrado o rbST (Lactotropin®). Foram realizadascinco coletas de sangue, com intervalo de 14 dias, para avaliação da concentração de triacilgliceróis e colesterol comomarcadores energéticos, ureia, como indicador proteico, fosfatase alcalina e fósforo como marcadores minerais e asenzimas aspartato aminotransferase (AST) e a gama glutamiltransferase (GGT) como indicadoras da função hepática. Aaplicação de rbST não influenciou os marcadores energéticos, minerais, e proteico, exceto a enzima hepática GGT (P 0,05).Estes resultados indicam que a utilização do rbST em touros não alterou o metabolismo, pois os parâmetros avaliadosmantiveram-se dentro dos padrões considerados fisiológicos para a espécie.
The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of recombinant bovine somatotropin (rbST) on metabolic markers for energy, protein, mineral and hepatic metabolism of sires kept grazing and receiving concentrate. Twenty sires Aberdeen Angus and Brangus used for this experiment were divided in two groups (Placebo and rbST). The group Placebo received subcutaneous administration of NaCl, 0.9% and rbST receive rbST twice. Five blood collections with 14 days of interval were made for evaluation of triglyceride and cholesterol as energetic metabolism markers, urea, as proteic marker, alkaline phosphatase and phosphorus as minerals markers and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and gamma glutamyltransferase (GGT) as indicators of the hepatic function. The rbST did not influence the energetic, mineral and proteic markers, except the hepatic enzyme GGT (P<0,05). These results indicated that the use of rbST in sires did not affect metabolism, therefore evaluated parameters remaining in the physiological range for the specie.
الموضوعات
Animals , Cattle , Cattle/abnormalities , Cattle/metabolism , Growth Hormone/analysis , Growth Hormone/adverse effectsالملخص
Introducción. Un 10 por ciento de los niños nacidos pequeños para la edad gestacional no presentan un crecimiento compensador y permanecen bajos. El tratamiento con hormona de crecimiento, aprobado en los países desarrollados, ha demostrado su eficacia en estos niños. Objetivo. Determinar la eficacia y la seguridad del tratamiento con hormona de crecimiento durante dos años en niños nacidos pequeños para la edad gestacional sin deficiencia de hormona de crecimiento. Material y métodos. Se trataron 14 niños menoresde 6 años con hormona de crecimiento a 1,0 UI/kg/semana. Resultados. Se observó un aumento significativo en la velocidad de crecimiento (media más sobre menos DE) de 5,4 más sobre menos 1,7 cm/año a 9,8 1,5 cm/año y 7,6 más sobre menos 1,5 cm/año durante el primer y segundo años, respectivamente, (p= 0,00058). Ello resultó en una mejoría significativa en el puntaje z de talla(media más sobre menos DE) de -2,79 más sobre menos 0,3 a -1,27 más sobre menos 0,5 en 2 años (p < 0,0001). Se observó un incremento significativo en las concentraciones de IGF-I y su proteína transportadora BP3 a los 12 y 24 meses del tratamiento. Las concentraciones de glucosa e insulina aumentaron significativamente durante el estudio (ANOVA, p = 0,0006 y p = 0,036, respectivamente). Dos de los índices de sensibilidad a la insulina utilizados revelaron una leve alteración en la sensibilidad a la insulina. Conclusiones. El tratamiento durante 2 años con hormona del crecimiento produjo un aumento significativo de la talla de los pacientes nacidos pequeños para la edad gestacional y permitió alcanzar una talla dentro de los límites normales. No se informaron episodios adversos mayores durante el tratamiento.
Introduction. Approximately 10 percent of children born small for gestational age (SGA) do not show spontaneous catch-up growth. Objective. Our objective was to assess the efficacy and safety of 2 years growth hormone treatment in children younger than 6 years of age, born SGA. Material and methods. Fourteen patients, mean age 4.2 more about less 1.1 years were treated with growth hormone at 1.0 UI/kg/wk for two years. Results. Growth velocity increased from a mean more about less SD of 5.4 more about less 1.7 cm/yr to 9.8 more about less 1.50 cm/yr and 7.6 more about less 1.5 cm/yr during the first year and second year, respectively (p 0.00058). Serum IGF-I and its binding protein BP3 increased significantly throughout treatment. Basal glucose and insulin levels increased significantly during treatment, p= 0.0006 and p= 0.036, respectively, without significant changes in postprandial glucose or insulin levels. A mild change in insulin sensitivity was observed along treatment. Conclusion. Two years growth hormone treat-ment induced a significant growth acceleration in children born small for gestational age, allowing them to attain a normal height. No serious adverse events were reported.
الموضوعات
Humans , Male , Child, Preschool , Carbohydrate Metabolism , Fetal Growth Retardation , Gestational Age , Human Growth Hormone/deficiency , Growth Hormone/administration & dosage , Growth Hormone/adverse effects , Growth Hormone/therapeutic use , Stature by Age , Prospective Studies , Data Interpretation, Statisticalالملخص
Se estudió el efecto del uso de una proteína de alto valor nutricional y su interacción con la hormona de crecimiento recombinante (rbST) sobre la respuesta superovulatoria y la viabilidad embrionaria en ovejas de pelo. Se utilizaron doce ovejas adultas de raza Pelibuey, distribuidas completamente al azar en dos tratamientos. TA : Control. TB : 100 mg de Somatotropina Bovina recombinante (rbST). La sincronización del estro en ambos grupos duró 14 días, utilizando esponjas vaginales impregnadas con 40 mg de FGA, con cambio a los 7 días. La superovulación se realizó con FSH ovina (oFSH) a intervalos de 12 h en dosis decrecientes, iniciando 72 h antes de la retirada de las esponjas. En la primera aplicación se les administró adicionalmente 2 mL de prostaglandina PGF2a las ovejas. La inyección de rbST en el TB se hizo junto con la octava aplicación de oFSH. Todas las ovejas se inseminaron vía intrauterina a las 56 ±1 h de la retirada de las esponjas, con semen refrigerado (10 a la 8 espermatozoides/pajuela). Los embriones se colectaron 5 días después de la inseminación y la viabilidad embrionaria se midió utilizando criterios morfológicos. Se observó un incremento en todas las variables de respuesta evaluadas por efecto de la aplicación de rbST: cuerpos lúteos (89 vs 119), cuerpos lúteos considerados (77 vs 117), embriones recuperados (64 vs 78), embriones viables (35 vs 64) y embriones viables por oveja (5,8 vs 10,6) siendo significativa la tasa de ovulación (86,52 por ciento vs 96,64 por ciento) y la tasa de viabilidad embrionaria (54,69 por ciento vs 82,05 por ciento) (P<0,01), esto probablemente se atribuye a que la rbST altera los componentes del sistema de factores de crecimiento insulínico estimulando la esteroidogénesis folicular. La hormona de crecimiento aplicada antes de la ovulación estimula la maduración de mayor cantidad de folículos e incrementa la cantidad recuperada de embriones y la viabilidadembrionaria.
The objective of this study was measure the effect of using nutritional high quality protein and its interaction with recombinant growth hormone over the ovulatory response and embryo viability in hair ewes. Twelve adult multiparous Pelibuey ewes were used and randomly submitted to two different treatments. In treatment A (TA, Control group), the ewes received a superovulation treatment without the application of recombinant growth hormone (rbST) in treatment B (TB), the ewes received the same superovulation treatment with the addition of 100 mg of recombinant bovine somatotropin (rbST). The induction and synchronization of the estrous cycle was realized by the insertion of vaginal sponges impregnated with 40 mg of FGA during 14 days, with sponge change at the seventh day. To induce the superovulation follicle stimulating ovine hormone (oFSH) was used in decreasing doses levels (every 12 h) starting 72 h before the sponges withdrawal. In the first application 2 mL of prostaglandin PGF2a were additionally applied. The application of 100 mg of rbST was done during the eighth administration of oFSH. The ewes were inseminated 56 ± 1 h after the sponge withdrawal with refrigerated semen (108 sperm/ straw). The embryos were collected 5 days after the insemination and the embryo viability was measured by morphological evaluation. An increase was observed in all the variables evaluated in the rbST group: corporea lutea (89 vs 119), corporea lutea considered (77 vs 117), embryos recovered (64 vs 78), viable embryos (35 vs 64), and viable embryos by ewe (5.8 vs 10.6), with statistical significance, considered ovulation rate (86.52% vs 96.64%) and embryo viability rate (54.69% vs 82.05%) (P<0.01), this is probably due to the effect of rbST over the growing insuline factors that control the follicular esteroidogenesis. The rbST application before the ovulation influence the maturation of higher amount of follicles and increase the quantity and viability of the embryos obtained.
الموضوعات
Animals , Fetal Viability , Growth Hormone/adverse effects , Insemination , Sheep , Veterinary Medicineالملخص
Avaliou-se o efeito da injeção de somatotropina bovina recombinante (r-bST) sobre o ciclo estral de cabras. Foram utilizadas 24 fêmeas da raça Toggenburg, distribuídas em dois tratamentos: T1 (n=12), cabras tratadas com r-bST; e T2 (n=12), cabras tratadas com solução salina (controle). A partir da primeira injeção do tratamento, acompanhou-se o ciclo dos animais em estro até o estro subseqüente. O comprimento médio do ciclo estral e o período interovulatório não diferiram (P>0,05) entre os tratamentos. Foram verificados ciclos estrais de duas, três e quatro ondas de crescimento folicular. Não houve diferença (P>0,05) entre os tratamentos quanto ao número de ondas do ciclo estral. O número de folículos detectados com diâmetro >3mm nas cabras do T1 foi maior (P<0,05) que naquelas do T2 nos ciclos com duas (15,3±1,2 x 8,1±2,0), três (12,2±0,8 x 8,3±1,9) e quatro (12,7±1,7 x 8,8±2,5) ondas. O folículo dominante da segunda onda foi menor (P<0,05) que o da primeira e terceira ondas e também menor que o da onda ovulatória tanto para T1 quanto para T2. A concentração sérica de progesterona durante o ciclo estral não foi influenciada pelos tratamentos com r-bST (P>0,05). A r-bST não alterou a dinâmica folicular de cabras lactantes da raça Toggenburg, mas promoveu o aumento do número de folículos recrutados ³3mm durante o ciclo estral
The effect of the r-bST injection was evaluated on the goats estrous cycles. Twenty-four Toggenburg does were used in two treatments: T1 (n=12) treated with r-bST; and T2 (n=12) treated with saline solution (control). After the first r-bST injection, the estrous cycles were checked between two estrus. The estrous cycle length and interovulatory period of the goats did not differ between treatments (P>0.05). Estrous cycles with two, three and four waves of follicular growth were observed. The number of waves during the estrous cycle were not affected by the r-bST treatment (P>0.05). The number of 3mm follicles was different between T1 and T2 (P<0.05) for estrous cycles with two (15.3±1.2 x 8.1±2.0), three (12.2±0.8 x 8.3±1.9) or four (12.7±1.7 x 8.8±2.5) waves. The dominant follicle of the second wave was smaller (P<0.05) than the one of the first and third waves and smaller than the one of the ovulatory wave. The progesterone concentration during the estrous cycle of the animals did not differ (P>0.05) between treatments. The r-bST did not affect the ovarian response during the estrous cycle. The r-bST not affected the follicular dynamic of Toggenburg lactating does, but increased the number of emerging follicles >3mm during the estrous cycle
الموضوعات
Animals , Goats/embryology , Embryonic Development , Ovarian Follicle , Growth Hormone/adverse effectsالملخص
Avaliaram-se os efeitos da administração da somatotrofina bovina recombinante (r-bST) sobre os metabólitos sangüíneos de touros da raça Nelore de duas diferentes idades. Foram utilizados 16 touros, distribuídos em um delineamento fatorial 2 x 2 (idades: jovens e adultos; r-bST: 0 e 500mg) com quatro animais por tratamento. A idade média dos animais foi de 13,37 e 20,62 meses para jovens e adultos, respectivamente. Quatro animais por tratamento receberam, a cada 14 dias, solução salina ou 500mg de r-bST, totalizando nove aplicações por animal, em um período experimental de 120 dias. Os touros foram alimentados com silagem de milho e ração concentrada à base de farelo de milho e soja, duas vezes por dia, fornecidas em baias individuais. As coletas de sangue foram realizadas a cada três dias, para determinação da concentração dos metabólicos sangüíneos. Para análise estatística, foram compilados dados a intervalo de três aplicações, o que constituiu um período (período 1, 2 e 3). As concentrações de ácidos graxos não-esterificados (NEFA) foram analisadas semanalmente. As concentrações séricas de colesterol, proteína total e plasmáticas de glicose diferiram para os períodos e nos grupos de tratamentos (P<0,05). As concentrações de NEFA foram influenciadas pelas semanas de coleta (P<0,05), mas não pelo tratamento com ou sem r-bST (P>0,05).
This study was carried out to evaluate the effect of recombinant bovine somatotropin (r-bST) administration on profiles of blood metabolites of two different ages Nellore bulls. Sixteen bulls were randomly allotted in a factorial arrangement 2 x 2 (ages: youngs and adults; and r-bST dose: 0 and 500 mg) with four animals per treatment. The mean ages of the young and adult animals were 13.37 and 20.62 months, respectively. Four animals per treatment received saline solution or r-bST 500mg, every 14 days, totaling nine applications per animal during 120 days. The Bulls were fed corn silage and concentrated diet based on corn crumb and soybean meal, twice a day, in individual stalls. Blood was collected every three days for metabolic evaluation. The statistical analyses of the data were performed in three applications, considering three periods (1, 2 and 3). Non-esterified fatty acid (NEFA) concentrations were weekly analyzed. Serum cholesterol, total protein and glucose levels were affected either by period or the treatment (P<0.05). The NEFA was affected by weeks of collection (P<0.05) but not by r-bST treatment (P>0.05).
الموضوعات
Cattle , Growth Hormone/administration & dosage , Growth Hormone/adverse effects , Growth Hormone/metabolism , Metabolismالملخص
Estudos in vitro e em animais sugerem que os membros do sistema insulin-like growth factors (IGFs), incluindo IGF-I, IGF-II, receptores de IGF-I e IGF-II (IGF-IR e IGF-IIR), e as IGF-binding proteins (IGFBPs) podem ter um importante envolvimento no desenvolvimento e na progressão de neoplasias. Mais especificamente, as IGFs promovem a progressão do ciclo celular e inibem a apoptose tanto por ação direta com outros fatores de crescimento como por ação indireta interagindo com outros sistemas moleculares intracelulares envolvidos na promoção e/ou progressão do câncer. Além disso, inúmeros estudos epidemiológicos têm sugerido que concentrações elevadas das IGFs, independente das alterações nas IGFBPs, podem estar associadas a um aumento no risco de desenvolver determinadas neoplasias. Esta revisão tem como objetivo apresentar o envolvimento do sistema IGF na regulação tumoral, os principais estudos epidemiológicos realizados e o risco de desenvolvimento de neoplasia em pacientes (com ou sem história pessoal de neoplasia prévia) que receberam hormônio de crescimento (rhGH). É importante salientar que o uso clínico de rhGH, nas indicações aprovadas internacionalmente, é seguro e não existem evidências, até o momento, da associação com o desenvolvimento de neoplasias.
الموضوعات
Animals , Humans , Growth Hormone/physiology , Neoplasms/etiology , Somatomedins/physiology , Disease Progression , Growth Hormone/adverse effects , Insulin-Like Growth Factor I/metabolism , Neoplasms/metabolism , Risk Factorsالملخص
Estudou-se o efeito da somatotropina bovina recombinante (rbST) sobre o número e qualidade dos embriões de 40 vacas da raça Holandesa, distribuídas aleatoriamente em três grupos: controle (GI, n=15), tratadas com 250mg de rbST (GII, n=11) e tratadas com 500mg de rbST (GIII, n=14) no sexto dia do ciclo estral. No décimo dia após o estro, as doadoras foram submetidas ao tratamento superovulatório com 360mg de hormônio folículo estimulante (FSH) em doses decrescentes, duas vezes ao dia, com intervalos de 12 horas. Juntamente com a sétima aplicação de FSH foram administrados 0,5mg de cloprostenol (análogo da PGF2alfa) e as doadoras inseminadas artificialmente 12, 20 e 28 horas após o início da manifestação de estro. Os embriões foram coletados, não cirurgicamente, no sétimo dia após a primeira inseminação. A administração de 250 ou 500mg de rbST aumentou (P<0,05) o percentual de embriões viáveis e não alterou a taxa de gestação das receptoras.
الموضوعات
Animals , Female , Cattle , Growth Hormone/administration & dosage , Growth Hormone/adverse effects , Growth Hormone/therapeutic use , Insemination, Artificial/veterinary , Superovulation , Embryo Transfer/veterinaryالملخص
OBJETIVO: Verificar a ação do hormônio de crescimento (GH) sobre a remodelação miocárdica em ratos infartados. MÉTODOS: Ratos Wistar foram submetidos ao infarto e tratados com GH (IAM-GH; n=8), ou com o veículo (IAM; n=8). Ratos controles foram submetidos ao infarto simulado (C; n=8). Após 30 dias, os animais foram submetidos ao estudo funcional por meio de ecocardiograma e as alterações da contratilidade miocárdica estudadas no músculo papilar isolado do ventrículo esquerdo (VE). RESULTADOS: O ecocardiograma identificou aumento nos diâmetros (mm) diastólico (C=7,32±0,49; IAM=8,50±0,73; IAM-GH= 9,34± 0,73; P<0,05) e sistólico (C=3,38±0,47, IAM= 5,16±1,24; IAM-GH=5,96±1,54; P<0,05) no VE dos animais com infarto. Os animais do grupo IAM-GH apresentaram menor fração ( por cento) de ejeção (C=0,9±0,03; IAM=0,76±0,12; IAM-GH=0,72±0,14; P<0,05 para C vs IAM-GH) em relação aos controles. O estudo do músculo papilar isolado do ventrículo esquerdo mostrou que o grupo IAM-GH apresentou alterações (C=1,50±0,59; IAM= 1,28±0,38; IAM-GH=1,98±0,41; P<0,05 para C vs IAM-GH) somente na tensão de repouso (TR - g/mm²) e no delta do tempo para a tensão desenvolvida decrescer 50 por cento (TR50, ms) após estimulação com cálcio (C=23,75±9,16; IAM=-16,56±14,82; IAM-GH=-4,69±8,39; P<0,05 para C vs IAM-GH) e no delta da tensão desenvolvida (TD, g/mm²) após estimulação com isoproterenol (C=0,99±0,17; IAM=0,54±0,62; IAM-GH= 0,08±0,75; P<0,05 para C vs IAM-GH), em relação aos animais controle. CONCLUSÃO: A administração precoce do GH no modelo de infarto experimental em ratos pode resultar em efeitos adversos no processo de remodelação ventricular.
الموضوعات
Animals , Male , Rats , Growth Hormone/adverse effects , Myocardial Infarction/physiopathology , Ventricular Function, Left/drug effects , Ventricular Remodeling/drug effects , Disease Models, Animal , Echocardiography , Rats, Wistarالملخص
The etiology of slipped capital femoral epiphysis (SCFE) is unknown, though hormonal as well as mechanical factors have been implicated. We report a case of gigantism who presented with SCFE. This case provides an insight into the genesis of SCFE, which in this case was related to growth hormone excess and sex-hormone deficiency.
الموضوعات
Adult , Body Constitution , Epiphyses, Slipped/etiology , Femur Head/diagnostic imaging , Gigantism/complications , Gonadal Steroid Hormones/deficiency , Growth Disorders/complications , Growth Hormone/adverse effects , Humans , Internal Fixators , Maleالملخص
The effect of administration of bovine somatotropin [bST] on plasma thyroid hormones [T3 and T4] and postpartum reproductive performance was studied in lactating dairy cows. Fifty cows [25 heifers and 25 multiparous cows], each were alloted into three groups: five cows as control, ten cows injected with 500 mg bST [Somatech] at the 9[th] week post calving then every 14 days, and the third ten cows were given only half dose [250 mg]. Blood samples were collected during treatment and plasma T3 and T4 were determined by RIA technique. All cows were observed twice daily for detection of oestrus signs and allowed to conceive naturally by fertile bull. Conception was confirmed based on last service and the to calving. Plasma concentrations of T3 and T4 were significantly increased in heifers, but decreased in multiparous cows supplemented with 250 mg bST, which might be due to the effect of parity and milk yield. High dose of bST [500mg] did not affect the T4 value either in heifers or multiparous cows. Supplementation with bST improved the conception rate in heifers, while the interval from calving to conception was not affected. Conception rate showed slight bST-related difference in multiparous cows .however, days open was increased from 5 months in control to 9 months in bST-treated cows. Pregnancy rates showed significant lower values in multiparous cows comparing to heifers. In controls, higher values of T3 and T4 meet either lower values of conception rate and longer interval from calving to conception in multiparous cows, and vise versus in heifers, indicating a negative relationship between plasma concentration of T3 and T4 and postpartum reproductive performance
الموضوعات
Animals , Growth Hormone/adverse effects , Thyroid Hormones/blood , Radioimmunoassay , Reproduction , Pregnancy Rate , Cattle , Pregnancy, Animalالملخص
The introduction of recombinant DNA-synthesized human growth hormone in the mid-1980s, and its attendant unlimited supply, have led to wider application of growth hormone therapy in children. Over the past decade, the efficacy of growth hormone treatment in patients with Turner syndrome and chronic renal insufficiency, two conditions in which growth hormone secretion is normal, in improving growth velocity and final height, has also led to the consideration of growth hormone therapy in children with idiopathic short stature. Although thousands of patients with idiopathic short stature are currently being treated with growth hormone, the limited overall results available at this time do not show a significant improvement in final adult height despite an improvement in short-term growth velocity. Potential reasons for this outcome include 1) skeletal age advancing more rapidly than height age, 2) heterogeneity of the patient population comprising idiopathic short stature, 3) inherent inaccuracies of methodological tools, such as measurement of predicted adult height, and 4) a subset of children with idiopathic short stature who may, in fact, have partial growth hormone insensitivity. From a psychological perspective, the consensus of investigations in non-clinic-referred populations of psychosocial function in children with short stature do not indicate a disadvantage compared with children of normal height when socio-economic status is taken into consideration. These results, in conjunction with the minimal gains reported in behavioural measurements in idiopathic short children treated with growth hormone, question the traditional rationale that augmentation of growth velocity results in improvement in psychosocial well-being.
الموضوعات
Adolescent , Adult , Body Height/drug effects , Child , Child, Preschool , Dwarfism/drug therapy , Female , Growth Hormone/adverse effects , Humans , Male , Treatment Outcomeالملخص
O efeitos das gonadotrofinas sobre o crescimento e maturaçao folicular já sao bem conhecidos. Recentes estudos sugerem que o hormônio do crescimento (GH) tem papel importante na maturaçao folicular desde que estao envolvidos na produçao de esteróides ovarianos assim como a deficiência de GH tem sido demonstrada em puberdade retardada e anovulaçao crônica (síndrome dos ovários policísticos). Entre outras funçoes o GH poderia ser usado em Ginecologia/Reproduçao para tratar casos de puberdade precoce ou para auxiliar minimizando as doses de indutores de ovulaçao em pacientes resistentes a gonadotrofinas entre outras. Os efeitos das gonadotrofinas sobre o crescimento e maturaçao folicular já sao bem conhecidos e estudados. Sao mediados via produçao local de hormônios esteróides além de uma grande variedade de fatores de crescimento locais tais como fatorde crescimento epidérmico, fatorde transformaçao, TGF-2, fatores de crescimento fibroblástico e angiogênico, entre outros. Recentes observaçoes de que a deficiência do hormônio do crescimento (GH) retardava a puberdade levaram a pensar que esse hormônio possa ter um papel no desenvolvimento e maturaçao gonádica posto que o tratamento dessas pacientes com GH induziu a maturaçao sexual (Advis et al., 1981; Yoshimura et al., 1993). Diversos estudos "in vitro" e "in vivo" sugerem que o GH e o fator de crescimento semelhante a insulina-1 (IGF-1) têm um papel importante no desenvolvimento e maturaçao folicular, na produçao de esteróide além de aumentar a resposta ovariana a estimulaçao com gonadotrofinas da mulher menopausada (HMG). Estes achados podem representar um novo horizonte na terapêutica das pacientes com anovulaçao crônica, principalmente naquelas resistentes a terapia convencional com indutores de ovulaçao. O hormônio do crescimento é produzido na hipófise e sua secreçao é influenciada por vários estímulos externos (exercícios, estresse, hipoglicemia, refeiçoes com altor teor protéico e durante o sono) e por um ritmo neural endógeno. O padrao secretório do GH é caracterizado por liberaçoes em amplitude e frequência na adolescência e nas horas de sono "slow wave". Sua secreçao é aumentada por estrógenos, testosterona e hormônios tireoideanos e suprimida por níveis elevados e pela exposiçao prolongada aos glicocorticóides. A liberaçao hipofisária episódica do GH é controlada por dois peptídeos hipotalâmicos: A somatostatina, responsável pela inibiçao tônica da secreçao pulsátil do GH e o fator liberador do GH (GRH), que estimula episodicamente a secreçao de GH. Em adiçao níveis circulantes de IGFs exercem uma açao de "feedback" negativo sobre a secreçao de GH. O GH tem inúmeras açoes e entre elas a estimulaçao do crescimento esquelético e muscular, e regulaçao da lipólise, promoçao de ingesta celular de aminoácidos. É diabetogênico, mas também exerce efeitos semelhantes a insulina....