الملخص
Resumen Introducción: Ante la pandemia de COVID-19, el apego a las medidas de higiene es un objetivo para disminuir la morbimortalidad. Objetivo: Evaluar el apego a la higiene de manos y medidas de protección durante la pandemia de COVID-19 en un hospital de tercer nivel. Métodos: Estudio transversal acerca del lavado de manos del personal de salud en los cinco tiempos recomendados por la Organización Mundial de la Salud, así como sobre el uso del equipo de protección personal específico. Resultados: Fueron observadas 117 oportunidades de higiene de manos en personal de salud: 40 (34 %) respecto al lavado de manos y 76 (65 %) respecto a su omisión; sobre el apego al uso de careta en cinco (4 %) y sobre la falta de apego en 112 (96 %). Se identificó apego al uso de mascarilla en 65 profesionales de enfermería (87 %), uso adecuado de mascarilla en 56 de ellos (60 %) y uso de careta en uno (1 %.) Conclusión: El personal mostró baja proporción de apego a la higiene de manos y al uso de equipo para la protección específica durante la pandemia de COVID-19.
Abstract Introduction: During the COVID-19 pandemic, adherence to hygiene measures is an objective aimed at reducing morbidity and mortality. Objective: To evaluate adherence to hand hygiene and protection measures during the COVID-19 pandemic in a tertiary care hospital. Methods: Cross-sectional study on health personnel handwashing at the five moments recommended by the World Health Organization, as well as on the use of specific personal protective equipment. Results: One hundred and seventeen hand hygiene opportunities were observed in health personnel. Hand washing was observed in 40 (34 %) and omission in 76 (65 %). Adherence to the use of face shield was observed in five (4 %), and lack of adherence in 112 (96%). Adherence to the use of face mask was observed in 65 nursing professionals (87 %), with appropriate use of the mask in 56 of them (60 %) and use of face shield in one (1 %). Conclusion: Health personnel showed low proportions of adherence to hand hygiene and use of equipment for specific protection during the COVID-19 pandemic.
الموضوعات
Humans , Male , Female , Personnel, Hospital/statistics & numerical data , Guideline Adherence/statistics & numerical data , Hand Hygiene/statistics & numerical data , Personal Protective Equipment/statistics & numerical data , COVID-19/prevention & control , Personnel, Hospital/standards , Time Factors , Cross-Sectional Studies , Prospective Studies , Tertiary Care Centers , Hand Hygiene/standardsالملخص
ABSTRACT Objective. Estimate the acceptability and adoption by health care workers of clinical practice guidelines and treatment protocols for women with preeclampsia/eclampsia and identify the facilitating factors and barriers to their implementation. Methods. A qualitative study was conducted, using semi-structured interviews and focus groups in five maternity hospitals. Interviews were compiled for analysis, and barriers and facilitators were characterized. Results. Seventy health professionals (52 female and 18 male) participated, representing different levels of the health system. The majority of workers and managers were aware of the existence and content of clinical practice guidelines (CPGs) for preeclampsia/eclampsia, especially the participants with more time in the health service. With respect to facilitating factors, both medical and nursing staff were positive about continued development and implementation of high-quality CPGs. There was consensus that limitations exist, especially with respect to a lack of the necessary medicines, supplies, and equipment to meet and implement the established recommendations. Discussion. The results of the study show the need to strengthen strategies that help close the gap between research and public policy. Studies suggest that research should focus on users, policymakers, and decisionmakers in the health system. The actors in the Dominican health system recognize the GRADE methodology as an appropriate instrument for the development and implementation of CPGs. Implementation barriers require systemic and comprehensive approaches.
RESUMEN Objetivo. Estimar la aceptabilidad y adopción de las guías de prática clínica (GPC) y protocolos de atención a la mujer con preeclampsia-eclampsia por parte del personal prestador de los servicios de salud, e identificar los factores facilitadores y las barreras para su implementación. Métodos. Se desarrolló un estudio cualitativo por medio de entrevistas semiestructuradas y grupos focales en cinco maternidades. Se recopilaron las entrevistas para su análisis y se caracterizaron las barreras y facilitadores. Resultados. Participaron 70 profesionales de la salud (52 de sexo femenino y 18 de sexo masculino) que se desempeñan en distintos niveles del sistema de salud, participaron. La mayoría de los prestadores y gerentes conocen la existencia de las GPC de eclampsia-preeclampsia y su contenido, sobre todo los participantes con más tiempo en el servicio. Para los facilitadores, se estableció una valoración positiva entre el personal médico y de enfermería ante el proceso de continuar con la elaboración e implementación de GPC de alta calidad. Hubo consenso en cuanto a la existencia de limitaciones, sobre todo, por la falta de medicamentos, insumos y equipos requeridos, para cumplir y aplicar las recomendaciones formuladas. Discusión. Los resultados del estudio exponen la necesidad de fortalecer estrategias que ayuden a cerrar la brecha entre la investigación y la política pública. Estudios fundamentan la investigación en priorizar la atención a los usuarios, y los encargados de formular políticas y los tomadores de decisiones en el sistema de salud. Los actores del sistema de salud dominicano reconocen la metodología GRADE como un instrumento apropiado para la formulación e implementación de GPC. Las barreras de implementación requieren de abordajes sistémicos e integrales.
RESUMO Objetivo. Estimar a aceitabilidade e a adoção de diretrizes de prática clínica (DPCs) e protocolos de atenção para mulheres com pré-eclâmpsia e eclâmpsia por profissionais da saúde e identificar os fatores facilitadores e barreiras à sua implementação. Métodos. Desenvolvemos um estudo qualitativo baseado em entrevistas semiestruturadas e grupos focais em cinco maternidades. As entrevistas foram coletadas para análise, sendo caracterizadas as barreiras e fatores facilitadores. Resultados. O estudo contou com a participação de 70 profissionais da saúde (52 mulheres e 18 homens) que trabalham em diferentes níveis do sistema de saúde. Em sua maioria, os profissionais e administradores estão cientes da existência de DPCs para pré-eclâmpsia e eclâmpsia e conhecem seu conteúdo, especialmente os que têm mais tempo de experiência. Em relação aos fatores facilitadores, os profissionais médicos e de enfermagem consideraram positivo o processo de elaboração e implementação de DPCs de alta qualidade. Houve consenso sobre a existência de limitações, especialmente no que diz respeito à falta de medicamentos, insumos e equipamentos necessários para cumprir e implementar as recomendações. Discussão. Os resultados do estudo deixam clara a necessidade de reforçar as estratégias que ajudam a estabelecer vínculos entre a pesquisa e as políticas públicas. A pesquisa futura deve priorizar a atenção aos usuários e o apoio aos decisores e responsáveis pela elaboração de políticas no sistema de saúde. Os atores do sistema de saúde dominicano reconhecem a metodologia GRADE como um instrumento apropriado para a formulação e implementação de DPCs. As barreiras à implementação exigem abordagens sistêmicas e abrangentes.
الموضوعات
Humans , Male , Female , Pregnancy , Pre-Eclampsia/therapy , Attitude of Health Personnel , Practice Guidelines as Topic , Guideline Adherence/statistics & numerical data , Eclampsia/therapy , Clinical Protocols , Dominican Republicالموضوعات
Humans , Male , Female , Adolescent , Adult , Middle Aged , Aged , Young Adult , Hygiene , Guideline Adherence/statistics & numerical data , Empathy , Physical Distancing , COVID-19/prevention & control , Masks , Antisocial Personality Disorder/epidemiology , Personality Inventory , Public Policy , Brazil/epidemiology , Sex Factors , Communicable Disease Control/statistics & numerical data , Surveys and Questionnaires , SARS-CoV-2 , Antisocial Personality Disorder/psychologyالملخص
Contexto y antecedentes: La elaboración e implementación de guías clínicas pretende brindar ayuda en la toma de decisiones respecto de un determinado problema de salud, sintetizando en forma de recomendaciones la mejor evidencia disponible. Con respecto a la diverticulitis aguda, pese a la gran cantidad de guías que se han elaborado, aún hoy se observa un bajo nivel de consenso en varios aspectos de su manejo. Objetivos: Este trabajo representa la primera encuesta que mide el nivel de consenso y la aplicación de guías internacionales sobre el manejo de la diverticulitis aguda entre los miembros de la SACP o entre cualquier otra agrupación médica a nivel nacional. Métodos: Se distribuyó una encuesta online a 313 miembros de la SACP, las respuestas se recolectaron en un período de 2 meses. Resultados: La encuesta obtuvo una tasa de respuesta de 19,5%. Solo 17 enunciados superaron el corte de 70% de nivel de consenso. De ellos, 11 enunciados estuvieron de acuerdo mientras que 2 enunciados estuvieron en desacuerdo con las recomendaciones de las guías internacionales y en los 4 enunciados restantes no pudo valorarse la concordancia debido a falta de respuesta univoca en las guías. Conclusiones: La amplia heterogeneidad en el manejo de la diverticulitis aguda entre los miembros de la SACP junto con la baja evidencia de los trabajos científicos, la pobre metodología empleada en las guías internacionales y la necesidad de contar con datos locales sobre costos y preferencias, hacen evidente la necesidad que en nuestro ámbito se comience a investigar en forma sistematizada para lograr una guía y consenso nacional.
Background: Construction and elaboration of clinical guidelines aim to provide help to decision-taking process about a specific health issue, synthesizing the best available evidence in the form of recommendations. About acute diverticulitis, although many guidelines were published in the last years, even now, there is a low consensus level in many aspects of its management. Aim: This survey is the first one that measures the consensus level and the application of international guidelines, about acute diverticulitis, within the SACP members, or any other medical society in Argentina. Methods: An online survey was distributed to 313 SACP members; the responses were collected over two months. Results: The response rate obtained by the survey was 19,5%. Only 17 statements passed the consensus level of 70%, 11 of them agreed and 2 disagreed with the recommendations of the international guidelines, in the last 4 statements comparison was impossible because the guidelines lacked one single response. Conclusions: The large heterogeneity in the management of acute diverticulitis within the SACP members, along with the low evidence of the scientific publications, the poor methodology used in the guidelines, and the need of local data about costs and preferences, clearly demonstrates the necessity to start to investigate in a systematic way, in order to achieve a national guideline and consensus about acute diverticulitis.
الموضوعات
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , Aged , Practice Guidelines as Topic , Guideline Adherence/statistics & numerical data , Diverticulitis, Colonic/diagnosis , Diverticulitis, Colonic/therapy , Argentina , Societies, Medical , Acute Disease , Cross-Sectional Studies , Surveys and Questionnaires , Consensusالملخص
Resumen: Objetivo: describir las terapias utilizadas en lactantes con bronquiolitis aguda admitidos en 20 Uni dades de Cuidados Intensivos (UCI) pediátricos miembros de LARed en 5 países latinoamerica nos. Pacientes y Método: Estudio observacional retrospectivo, multicéntrico, de datos del Registro Latinoamericano de Falla Respiratoria Aguda Pediátrica. Se incluyeron niños menores de 2 años ingresados a UCI pediátrica por bronquiolitis aguda comunitaria entre mayo-septiembre 2017. Se recolectaron datos demográficos, clínicos, soporte respiratorio, terapias utilizadas y resultados clí nicos. Se realizó análisis de subgrupos según ubicación geográfica, tipo financiación y presencia de academia. Resultados: Ingresaron al registro 1155 pacientes con falla respiratoria aguda. Seis casos fueron excluidos por no tener formulario completo. De los 1147 pacientes, 908 eran menores de 2 años. De ellos, 467 tuvieron diagnóstico de bronquiolitis aguda, correspondiendo a la principal causa de ingreso a UCI pediátrica por falla respiratoria aguda (51,4%). Las características demográficas y de gravedad entre los centros fueron similares. El soporte máximo respiratorio más frecuente fue cánula nasal de alto flujo (47%), seguido por ventilación mecánica no invasiva (26%) y ventilación mecánica invasiva (17%), con un coeficiente de variación (CV) amplio entre los centros. Hubo una gran dispersión en uso de terapias, siendo frecuente el uso de broncodilatadores, antibióticos y corticoides, con CV hasta 400%. El análisis de subgrupos mostró diferencias significativas en soporte respiratorio y tratamientos utilizados. Un paciente falleció en esta cohorte. Conclusión: Detectamos gran variabilidad en el soporte respiratorio y tratamientos entre UCI pediátricas latinoamericanas. Esta variabilidad no es explicada por disparidades demográficas ni clínicas. Esta heterogeneidad de tratamientos debería promover iniciativas colaborativas para disminuir la brecha entre la evidencia científica y la práctica asistencial.
Abstract: The objective of this study was to describe the management of infants with acute bronchiolitis admit ted to 20 pediatric intensive care units (PICU) members of LARed in 5 Latin American countries. Pa tients and Method: Retrospective, multicenter, observational study of data from the Latin American Registry of Acute Pediatric Respiratory Failure. We included children under 2 years of age admitted to the PICU due to community-based acute bronchiolitis between May and September 2017. Demo graphic and clinical data, respiratory support, therapies used, and clinical results were collected. A subgroup analysis was carried out according to geographical location (Atlantic v/s Pacific), type of insurance (Public v/s Private), and Academic v/s non-Academic centers. Results: 1,155 patients were included in the registry which present acute respiratory failure and 6 were excluded due to the lack of information in their record form. Out of the 1,147 patients, 908 were under 2 years of age, and out of those, 467 (51.4%) were diagnosed with acute bronchiolitis, which was the main cause of admission to the PICU due to acute respiratory failure. The demographic and severity characteristics among the centers were similar. The most frequent maximum ventilatory support was the high-flow nasal can nula (47%), followed by non-invasive ventilation (26%) and invasive mechanical ventilation (17%), with a wide coefficient of variation (CV) between centers. There was a great dispersion in the use of treatments, where the use of bronchodilators, antibiotics, and corticosteroids, representing a CV up to 400%. There were significant differences in subgroup analysis regarding respiratory support and treatments used. One patient of this cohort passed away. Conclusion: we detected wide variability in respiratory support and treatments among Latin American PICUs. This variability was not explained by demographic or clinical differences. The heterogeneity of treatments should encourage collabora tive initiatives to reduce the gap between scientific evidence and practice.
الموضوعات
Humans , Male , Female , Infant, Newborn , Infant , Practice Patterns, Physicians'/statistics & numerical data , Bronchiolitis/therapy , Intensive Care Units, Pediatric/statistics & numerical data , Guideline Adherence/statistics & numerical data , Critical Care/statistics & numerical data , Healthcare Disparities/statistics & numerical data , Bronchiolitis/diagnosis , Registries , Acute Disease , Retrospective Studies , Practice Guidelines as Topic , Critical Care/methods , Latin Americaالملخص
RESUMEN Introducción : El año 2018 se publicó la Guía de práctica clínica (GPC) para la evaluación y el manejo de la hemorragia digestiva alta (HDA) del Seguro Social de Salud del Perú (EsSalud). Esta emite enunciados basados en evidencias, que buscan optimizar el manejo de estos pacientes. Objetivo : Evaluar la adherencia a los enunciados de dicha GPC en el Hospital Nacional Edgardo Rebagliati Martins (HNERM) de EsSalud (Lima, Perú). Materiales y métodos : Estudio retrospectivo, que analizó la base de datos de todos los pacientes que acudieron al servicio de emergencia del HNERM con sospecha de HDA y fueron programados para endoscopía entre el 19 de octubre del 2019 y el 15 de abril del 2020. Se incluyó a aquellos con ≥ 18 años de edad. Esta base contiene las principales características de la historia clínica estandarizada para pacientes con HDA. Se evaluó el cumplimiento de 13 de los 34 enunciados de la GPC de EsSalud. Los resultados se presentaron descriptivamente, y se evaluaron los factores asociados al cumplimiento de los enunciados con inadecuada adherencia (< 80%) y con más de 100 participantes evaluados. Resultados : Se obtuvieron datos de 184 pacientes que cumplieron con los criterios de inclusión (varones: 59,8%, mediana de edad: 70 años). El rango de adherencia a los 13 enunciados fue de 63,2% a 99,5%. Sólo dos enunciados tuvieron adherencia inadecuada (<80%). El enunciado con menor adherencia fue la recomendación de realizar transfusión restrictiva. Se encontró que el cumplimiento de esta recomendación fue menor en quienes tuvieron mayor puntaje en el índice de Glasgow-Blatchford, relación urea creatinina > 60, y menor hemoglobina al ingreso. Conclusión : De los 13 enunciados evaluados, 11 tuvieron una adherencia adecuada. Resulta importante profundizar en los motivos por los cuales la adherencia no es adecuada para algunos enunciados, y valorar estrategias para aumentar esta adherencia.
ABSTRACT Introduction : In 2018, the Clinical Practice Guideline (CPG) for the Evaluation and Management of upper gastrointestinal bleeding (UGB) was published by the Social Security of Peru (EsSalud). It provides evidence-based statements to optimize the management of these patients. Objective : To evaluate the adherence to the statements of the CPG at the Edgardo Rebagliati Martins National Hospital (HNERM) of EsSalud (Lima, Peru). Materials and methods : Retrospective study, which analyzed the database of all patients who came to the HNERM emergency service with suspected UGB and were scheduled for endoscopy between October 19, 2019 and April 15, 2020. We included those with ≥ 18 years of age. This database contains the main characteristics of the standardized medical history for patients with UGB. Compliance with 13 of the 34 statements of the EsSalud CPG was evaluated. The results were presented descriptively, and the factors associated with compliance with the statements with insufficient adherence (<80%) and with more than 100 evaluated participants were evaluated. Results : Data were obtained from 184 patients who met the inclusion criteria (men: 59.8%, median age: 70 years). The range of adherence to the 13 statements was from 63.2% to 99.5%. Only two statements had insufficient adherence (<80%). The statement with the least adherence was the recommendation to perform a restrictive transfusion. Noncompliance with this recommendation was found to be lower in those who had a higher score on the Glasgow-Blatchford index, a urea creatinine ratio > 60, and a lower hemoglobin on admission. Conclusion : Of the 13 statements evaluated, 11 had satisfactory adherence. It is important to explore the reasons why adherence is not adequate for some statements, and to evaluate methods to increase this adherence.
الموضوعات
Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Guideline Adherence/statistics & numerical data , Peru , Retrospective Studies , Practice Guidelines as Topic , Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage , Hospitalsالملخص
RESUMO Objetivo: Avaliar a adesão ao protocolo de profilaxia de úlcera de estresse em pacientes críticos de um hospital universitário terciário. Métodos: Neste estudo de coorte prospectiva, incluímos todos os pacientes adultos admitidos às unidades de terapia intensiva clínica e cirúrgica de um hospital terciário acadêmico. Nosso único critério de exclusão foi a presença de sangramento gastrointestinal alto quando da admissão à unidade de terapia intensiva. Colhemos as variáveis basais e indicações de profilaxia de úlcera de estresse, segundo o protocolo institucional, assim como o uso de profilaxia. Nosso desfecho primário foi a adesão ao protocolo de profilaxia de úlcera de estresse. Os desfechos secundários foram uso apropriado da profilaxia de úlcera de estresse, incidência de sangramento gastrointestinal superior e fatores associados com o uso apropriado da profilaxia de úlcera de estresse. Resultados: Foram incluídos 234 pacientes no período compreendido entre 2 de julho e 31 de julho de 2018. Os pacientes tinham idade de 52 ± 20 anos, sendo 125 (53%) deles cirúrgicos, e o SAPS 3 médio foi de 52 ± 20. No seguimento longitudinal, foram estudados 1.499 pacientes-dias; 1.069 pacientes-dias tiveram indicação de profilaxia de úlcera de estresse, e 777 pacientes-dias tiveram uso profilático (73% de adesão ao protocolo de profilaxia de úlcera de estresse). Dentre os 430 pacientes-dias sem indicações de profilaxia de úlcera de estresse, 242 envolveram profilaxia (56% de uso impróprio de profilaxia de úlcera de estresse). O total de uso apropriado de profilaxia de úlcera de estresse foi de 64%. Fatores associados com prescrição adequada de profilaxia de úlcera de estresse foram ventilação mecânica, com RC 2,13 (IC95% 1,64 - 2,75), e coagulopatia, com RC 2,77 (IC95% 1,66 - 4,60). A incidência de sangramento do trato gastrointestinal superior foi de 12,8%. Conclusão: A adesão ao protocolo de profilaxia de úlcera de estresse foi baixa, e o uso inadequado de profilaxia de úlcera de estresse foi frequente nesta coorte de pacientes críticos.
ABSTRACT Objective: To evaluate adherence to the stress ulcer prophylaxis protocol in critically ill patients at a tertiary university hospital. Methods: In this prospective cohort study, we included all adult patients admitted to the medical and surgical intensive care units of an academic tertiary hospital. Our sole exclusion criterion was upper gastrointestinal bleeding at intensive care unit admission. We collected baseline variables and stress ulcer prophylaxis indications according to the institutional protocol and use of prophylaxis. Our primary outcome was adherence to the stress ulcer prophylaxis protocol. Secondary outcomes were appropriate use of stress ulcer prophylaxis, upper gastrointestinal bleeding incidence and factors associated with appropriate use of stress ulcer prophylaxis. Results: Two hundred thirty-four patients were enrolled from July 2nd through July 31st, 2018. Patients were 52 ± 20 years old, 125 (53%) were surgical patients, and the mean SAPS 3 was 52 ± 20. In the longitudinal follow-up, 1499 patient-days were studied; 1069 patient-days had stress ulcer prophylaxis indications, and 777 patient-days contained prophylaxis use (73% stress ulcer prophylaxis protocol adherence). Of the 430 patient-days without stress ulcer prophylaxis indications, 242 involved prophylaxis (56% inappropriate stress ulcer prophylaxis use). The overall appropriate use of stress ulcer prophylaxis was 64%. Factors associated with proper stress ulcer prophylaxis prescription were mechanical ventilation OR 2.13 (95%CI 1.64 - 2.75) and coagulopathy OR 2.77 (95%CI 1.66 - 4.60). The upper gastrointestinal bleeding incidence was 12.8%. Conclusion: Adherence to the stress ulcer prophylaxis protocol was low and inappropriate use of stress ulcer prophylaxis was frequent in this cohort of critically ill patients.
الموضوعات
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , Aged , Peptic Ulcer/prevention & control , Guideline Adherence/statistics & numerical data , Peptic Ulcer/complications , Prospective Studies , Cohort Studies , Critical Illness , Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage/etiology , Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage/epidemiologyالملخص
Resumen: Introducción: La migraña abdominal (MA) es infrecuente y poco estudiada. Nuestro objetivo fue investigar el diagnóstico y tratamiento de niños y adolescentes con MA y compararlos entre gastroen terólogos y neurólogos pediatras. Pacientes y Método: Todos los cuadros de MA (1-18 años) de un hospital de EE. UU, con diagnóstico de MA o sus variantes (ICD-9 346.2 o IC-10 G43.D, G43.D0, G43.D1) entre 2011-2017 fueron revisados. La información sobre diagnóstico, intervalo desde inicio de síntomas, criterios diagnósticos, pruebas diagnósticas, tratamiento y resultado se analizaron. Re sultados: Sesenta y nueve historias médicas fueron identificadas. La edad media al diagnóstico fue 9,7 años. El 48% de los pacientes fueron del sexo femenino. Cincuenta (72,4%) pacientes fueron tratados solo por gastroenterólogos pediatras, y 10/69 (14,5%) por neurológos pediatras exclusivamente. 6/69 (8,7%) fueron inicialmente evaluados por gastroenterología y posteriormente referidos a neurología, y 2/69 (2,9%) fueron inicialmente evaluados por neurología y luego referidos a gastroenterología. 3/10 (30%) de las MA diagnosticadas por neurólogos no mencionaban que el paciente tuviera dolor abdominal, sin embargo, todos los diagnósticos realizados por gastroenterólogos presentaron dicho síntoma (p=0,0035). 5/50 (10%) de las historias médicas de gastroenterología y ninguna de las histo rias de neurología mencionaban los criterios de Roma. Conclusiones: La mayoría de los niños fueron diagnosticados por pediatras gastroenterólogos. Los gastroenterólogos rara vez utilizaron los criterios de Roma. Pacientes evaluados por neurología son frecuentemente diagnosticados con MA, incluso sin presentar dolor abdominal (criterio necesario para el diagnóstico). Se recomienda educación para el correcto y oportuno diagnóstico de la migraña abdominal.
Abstract: Introduction: Abdominal migraine (AM) is uncommon and understudied. Our objective was to investigate the diagnosis and treatment of children and adolescents with AM and compare with that of pediatric gastroenterologists and neurologists. Patients and Method: All AM cases (1-18 years) from a USA hospital with diagnosis of abdominal migraine or its variants (ICD-9 346.2 or IC-10 G43.D, G43.D0, G43.D1) between 2011 and 2017 were reviewed. Information on diagnosis, interval from onset of symptoms, diagnostic criteria, diagnostic tests, treatment, and outcome were analyzed. Results: 69 medical records were identified. The mean age at diagnosis was 9.7 years, and 48% of patients were female. 50/69 (72.4%) patients were exclusively treated by a pediatric gastroenterologist and 10/69 (14.5%) exclusively by a pediatric neurologist. 6/69 (8.7%) were initially evaluated by gas troenterology and referred to neurology, and 2/69 (2.9%) were initially evaluated by neurology and then referred to gastroenterology. 3/10 (30%) of the AM diagnosed by neurologists did no report ab dominal pain (AP), however, all diagnoses made by gastroenterologists did (p = 0.0035). 5/50 (10%) of the gastroenterology medical records and no neurology medical records mentioned Rome criteria. Conclusions: Most of the children were diagnosed by pediatric gastroenterologists. Gastroenterolo gists rarely use the Rome criteria. Patients evaluated by neurologists are frequently diagnosed with AM even without AP (a criterion that is required for its diagnosis). Education is recommended for the correct and timely diagnosis of AM.
الموضوعات
Humans , Male , Female , Infant , Child, Preschool , Child , Adolescent , Pediatrics , Practice Patterns, Physicians'/statistics & numerical data , Healthcare Disparities/statistics & numerical data , Gastroenterology , Migraine Disorders/diagnosis , Migraine Disorders/therapy , Neurology , Referral and Consultation , United States , Abdominal Pain/etiology , Follow-Up Studies , Practice Guidelines as Topic , Guideline Adherence/statistics & numerical data , Diagnosis, Differential , Diagnostic Errors , Migraine Disorders/complicationsالملخص
ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE To describe students protected by laws and exposed to soft drinks sales and assess whether forbidding laws are associated with lower availability of these beverages. METHODS We identified laws forbidding non-government administered cafeterias or sales of soft drinks in schools in the 27 Brazilian state capitals. Data on soft drinks sales were obtained from Pesquisa Nacional de Saúde do Escolar 2015 (PeNSE - National Survey of School Health 2015), for a representative sample of 9th graders from public and private schools. Students were attributed with the status of their school regarding the law and sale of soft drinks. Co-variables were school status (public or private), school size, geographic regions, mother's educational level, score of goods and services. We performed multivariate analyses using Poisson regression. RESULTS The total of 23 laws forbidding sales of soft drinks covered 63.0% of capitals, comprising 56.9% of students. Law coverage was higher among students from more developed regions (67.6%) and in public schools (60.6%), compared with those from less developed regions (38.0%) and private schools (45.8%). Soft drinks were available for 33.9% of students. Students attending public schools in less developed regions had the lowest availability of soft drinks, regardless of law coverage (14.8%; 12.0%); while students attending private schools in these regions had a high availability, regardless of law coverage (82.1%; 73.4%). Restrictive laws were associated with lower sales of soft drinks in more developed regions, and restrictions had a greater association with the availability of soft drinks in public schools (PR = 0.25; 95%CI = 0.15-0.41), compared with private schools (PR = 0.48; 95%CI = 0.35-0.66). CONCLUSION Laws restricting soft drinks in schools were associated with fewer sales in more developed regions. Private schools were less compliant with the law than public schools. A broadly enforced national law could reduce the availability of soft drinks in schools.
الموضوعات
Humans , Schools/legislation & jurisprudence , Carbonated Beverages , Commerce/legislation & jurisprudence , Schools/statistics & numerical data , Students/statistics & numerical data , Brazil , Surveys and Questionnaires , Public Sector/legislation & jurisprudence , Private Sector/legislation & jurisprudence , Guideline Adherence/statistics & numerical dataالملخص
ABSTRACT Objective To describe antiretroviral treatment regimens prescribed and their compliance with the Clinical Protocol and Therapy Guidelines of the Ministry of Health for the management of HIV infection. Methods Observational and descriptive study. Secondary data of the state of Paraná (Brazil) on drugs, treatment regimens, lines of treatment and number of individuals on treatment, from January to June 2018, were accessed at the Antiretroviral Agents Logistic Control System. Combinations of antiretroviral drugs (treatment regimens) were compared according to the current Clinical Protocol and Therapy Guidelines and non-compliances were classified and quantified. Results In Paraná, 35,127 individuals with HIV were treated with 253 different treatment regimens. Of the prescribed regimens, 19.1% were first-line, 27.4% second-line and 48.5% third-line. Among non-compliances, the most prevalent were absence of association of protease inhibitors and ritonavir (42.8%), low efficacy triple therapy (36.9%), double therapy (26.1%), monotherapy (20.3%), and triple therapy of nucleoside analog reverse transcriptase inhibitors (17.1%). Conclusion Most individuals receiving HIV treatment in the state of Paraná are on treatment regimens established in the current Clinical Protocol and Therapy Guidelines, which contributes to successful therapy. However, associations not provided by the current Clinical Protocol and Therapy Guidelines were identified in the initial treatment lines, which could lead to ineffectiveness, virologic failure and viral resistance.
RESUMO Objetivo Descrever esquemas terapêuticos de antirretrovirais prescritos e sua conformidade com o Protocolo Clínico e Diretrizes Terapêuticas, do Ministério da Saúde, para manejo da infecção pelo HIV. Métodos Estudo observacional e descritivo. Os dados do estado do Paraná sobre medicamentos que compõem os esquemas terapêuticos, linhas de tratamento e número de pessoas em uso destes foram acessados no Sistema de Controle Logístico de Medicamentos Antirretrovirais no período de janeiro a junho de 2018. As combinações de antirretrovirais (esquemas terapêuticos) foram comparadas conforme o Protocolo Clínico e Diretrizes Terapêuticas vigente, e as inconformidades foram categorizadas e quantificadas. Resultados No Paraná, 35.127 pessoas com HIV foram tratadas com 253 esquemas terapêuticos distintos. Dentre os esquemas prescritos, 19,1% eram de primeira linha, 27,4% de segunda linha e 48,5% de terceira linha. Nas inconformidades, predominaram a não associação entre inibidores da protease e ritonavir (42,8%), terapia tripla de baixa eficiência (36,9%), terapia dupla (26,1%), monoterapia (20,3%) e terapia tripla de inibidores da transcriptase reversa análogos de nucleosídeos (17,1%). Conclusão Maior parte das pessoas em tratamento do HIV no Paraná utilizam esquemas terapêuticos previstos no Protocolo Clínico e Diretrizes Terapêuticas vigente, o que contribui para o sucesso terapêutico. Entretanto, associações não previstas foram identificadas nas linhas de tratamento iniciais, podendo ocasionar inefetividade, falha virológica e resistência viral.
الموضوعات
Humans , Clinical Protocols/standards , Guideline Adherence/standards , Anti-Retroviral Agents/administration & dosage , Brazil , HIV Infections/drug therapy , Anti-HIV Agents/administration & dosage , Anti-HIV Agents/therapeutic use , Guideline Adherence/statistics & numerical data , Anti-Retroviral Agents/therapeutic use , Drug Therapy, Combination/standards , Drug Therapy, Combination/statistics & numerical data , Medication Adherence/statistics & numerical dataالملخص
ABSTRACT Objective: to perform a situational diagnosis of the behavior of health professionals concerning hand hygiene practices in highly-complex sectors. Methods: this quantitative and retrospective study was based on reports (2016 and 2017) of Adult and Pediatric ICUs of a Federal hospital in Rio de Janeiro. Results: one thousand two hundred fifty-eight opportunities for hand hygiene were analysed. The chance of professionals sanitizing hands in Pediatric ICUs is 41.61% higher than in Adult ICUs. Concerning proper hand hygiene, the medical team had a 39.44% lower chance than the nursing team. Others had a 30.62% lower chance when compared to the nursing team. The moment "after contact with the patient" presented 4.5275 times the chance in relation "before contact with the patient". Conclusion: in front of hand hygiene recommendations to control COVID-19, diagnostic assessment and previous analysis of the behavior of professionals proved to be positive.
RESUMEN Objetivo: realizar un diagnóstico situacional del comportamiento de los profesionales de la salud con respecto a las prácticas de higiene de manos en sectores altamente complejos. Métodos: estudio cuantitativo, retrospectivo, basado en informes (años 2016 y 2017) de los sectores de UCI Adultos y Pediátricos de un hospital federal en Rio de Janeiro. Resultados: se analizaron 1.258 oportunidades de higiene de manos. La posibilidad de un lavado de manos profesional en la UCI Pediátrica es 41.61% mayor que en la UCI Adultos. Con respecto a la higiene de las manos, el equipo médico tuvo una probabilidad 39.44% menor que el equipo de enfermería y otros tuvieron una probabilidad 30.62% menor en comparación con el equipo de enfermería. El momento "después del contacto con el paciente" fue 4.5275 veces mayor que "antes del contacto con el paciente". Conclusión: contra la recomendación de higiene de manos en el control de COVID-19, la evaluación diagnóstica y el análisis previo del comportamiento de los profesionales resultaron ser positivos.
RESUMO Objetivo: realizar um diagnóstico situacional do comportamento de profissionais de saúde quanto às práticas de higienização das mãos em setores de alta complexidade. Métodos: estudo quantitativo, retrospectivo, baseado em relatórios (anos de 2016 e 2017) dos setores CTI Adulto e Pediátrico de um hospital Federal do Rio de Janeiro. Resultados: analisaram-se 1.258 oportunidades para higiene das mãos. A chance de um profissional higienizar as mãos no CTI Pediátrico é 41,61% maior que no CTI Adulto. Quanto higienizar as mãos adequadamente, a equipe médica obteve chance 39,44% menor que a equipe de enfermagem e outros tiveram chance 30,62% menor quando comparada à equipe da enfermagem. O momento "após o contato com o paciente" apresentou 4,5275 vezes a chance em relação a "antes do contato com o paciente". Conclusão: frente à recomendação da higiene das mãos no controle da COVID-19, avaliação diagnóstica e análise prévia do comportamento dos profissionais demonstrou ser positiva.
الموضوعات
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Pneumonia, Viral/prevention & control , Hand Disinfection/standards , Health Personnel/education , Practice Guidelines as Topic , Coronavirus Infections/prevention & control , Guideline Adherence/statistics & numerical data , Pandemics/prevention & control , Betacoronavirus , Intensive Care Units/standards , Brazil , Retrospective Studies , Middle Agedالملخص
RESUMO Objetivo Este estudo visou avaliar a adequação da prescrição de profilaxia de tromboembolismo venoso (TEV) após a implementação do protocolo. Métodos Trata-se de um estudo antes e depois realizado em um hospital de cuidados terciários no Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil. Pacientes clínicos e cirúrgicos internados, com 18 anos ou mais, foram avaliados para o risco de TEV e, posteriormente, para adequação da tromboprofilaxia, de acordo com o risco. As avaliações ocorreram antes e depois de uma estratégia de implementação de protocolo, que consistiu em uma plataforma on-line para acessar o protocolo, uma postagem pública do diagrama do protocolo, alertas clínicos na sala de convívio médico, alertas de e-mail e alertas pop-up no sistema informatizado de prescrição médica. O Desfecho principal foi a adequação da prescrição de profilaxia do TEV de acordo com o protocolo. Resultados Foram avaliados 429 pacientes para adequação da tromboprofilaxia (213 antes e 216 depois). A prevalência de adequação aumentou de 54% para 63% (pré e pós-intervenção, respectivamente) e após o ajuste por tipo de paciente e fase do estudo, a razão de prevalência atingiu (RP) = 1,20, intervalo de confiança de 95% (IC) 1,02-1,42. Conclusões os resultados mostraram que a adequação geral da prescrição de tromboprofilaxia foi discretamente melhorada. Apesar desses resultados, este estudo fornece evidências, até o momento, de uma série de estratégias para implementar o protocolo em instituições privadas em países de renda média com uma equipe médica aberta, pois há poucas pesquisas investigando esse tipo de intervenção simples e pragmática.
ABSTRACT Objective This study aimed to assess the adequacy of venous thromboembolism (VTE) prophylaxis prescription after a protocol implementation. Methods This was a before-and-after study conducted in a tertiary care hospital in Rio Grande do Sul, Southern Brazil. Medical and surgical inpatients aged 18 years or older were assessed for VTE risk and subsequently for thromboprophylaxis adequacy, according to their risk. The evaluations occurred before and after the protocol strategy implementation; it consisted of an online platform to access the protocol, a public posting of the protocol diagram, clinical alerts on the medical staff TV, e-mail alerts, and pop-up alerts on the computerized physician order entry system. The main outcome measure was the adequacy of VTE prophylaxis prescription according to the protocol. Results A total of 429 patients were evaluated for thromboprophylaxis adequacy (213 before and 216 after). The prevalence of adequacy increased from 54% to 63% (pre and post-intervention, respectively), and after adjustment for patient type and phase of the study, the prevalence ratio reached (PR)=1.20, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.02-1.42. Conclusion The results showed that the overall appropriateness of thromboprophylaxis prescription was weakly improved. Despite these results, this study provides evidence to date a bunch of strategies for protocol implementations in private institutions in middle-income countries with an open medical staff, as there are few studies investigating these simple and pragmatic interventions.
الموضوعات
Humans , Male , Female , Adolescent , Adult , Middle Aged , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Postoperative Complications/prevention & control , Guideline Adherence/statistics & numerical data , Venous Thromboembolism/prevention & control , Anticoagulants/administration & dosage , Postoperative Complications/etiology , Postoperative Complications/epidemiology , Brazil/epidemiology , Prevalence , Prospective Studies , Risk Factors , Venous Thromboembolism/etiology , Venous Thromboembolism/epidemiology , Hospitalization , Anticoagulants/therapeutic useالملخص
ABSTRACT Objective: To verify the association between individual, work-related and organizational factors with adherence to standard precautions. Method: Cross-sectional study, carried out from January to June 2016 with 602 nursing workers from a university hospital. Ten Likert-type psychometric scales were used, with 57 items, organized in three domains: individual, work-related and organizational factors. Data were analyzed with descriptive and inferential statistics. Results: The adherence to the standard precautions obtained a mean intermediate score (4.30 ± 1.03) and a positive correlation with the Risk Personality Scales (r = 0.136, p <0.0001), Prevention Efficacy (r = 0.109 , p <0.0001), Obstacles to follow the precautions (r = 0.394, p <0.0001), PPE availability (r = 0.189 p <0.0001), Safety Climate (r = 0.325, p <0 , 0001) and Training on Prevention of Occupational Exposure (r = + 0.308, p <0.0001). Conclusion: Adherence to standard precautions is associated with individual, work-related, and organizational factors.
RESUMEN Objetivo: Verificar la asociación entre los factores individuales, relacionados con el trabajo y organizacionales con el cumplimiento de las precauciones estándar. Método: Estudio transversal, realizado de enero a junio de 2016 con 602 trabajadores de enfermería de un hospital universitario. Se utilizaron diez escalas psicométricas tipo Likert, con 57 ítems, organizados en tres dominios: individual, relacionado con el trabajo y factores organizativos. Los datos fueron analizados con estadística descriptiva e inferencial. Resultados: La adherencia a las precauciones estándar obtuvo una puntuación media intermedia (4.30 ± 1.03) y una correlación positiva con las Escalas de Personalidad de Riesgo (r = 0.136, p <0.0001), Eficacia de la Prevención (r = 0.109) , p <0.0001), Obstáculos para seguir las precauciones (r = 0.394, p <0.0001), Disponibilidad de PPE (r = 0.189 p <0.0001), Clima de seguridad (r = 0.325, p <0 , 0001) y Capacitación en Prevención de la Exposición Ocupacional (r = + 0.308, p <0.0001). Conclusión: La adherencia a las precauciones estándar está asociada con factores individuales, relacionados con el trabajo y organizativos.
RESUMO Objetivo: Verificar a associação entre fatores individuais, relativos ao trabalho e organizacionais com adesão às precauções-padrão. Método: Estudo transversal, realizado de janeiro a junho de 2016 com 602 trabalhadores de enfermagem de um hospital universitário. Foram utilizadas 10 escalas psicométricas do tipo Likert, com 57 itens, organizadas em três domínios: fatores individuais, relativos ao trabalho e organizacionais. Os dados foram analisados com estatística descritiva e inferencial. Resultados: A adesão às precauções-padrão obteve escore médio intermediário (4,30 ±1,03) e apresentou correlação positiva com as escalas de Personalidade de Risco (r=0,136, p < 0,0001), Eficácia da Prevenção (r=0,109, p < 0,0001), Obstáculos para seguir às precauções (r=0,394, p < 0,0001), Disponibilidade de EPI (r=0,189 p < 0,0001), Clima de Segurança (r=0,325, p < 0,0001) e Treinamento em Prevenção da Exposição Ocupacional (r=+0,308, p < 0,0001). Conclusão: A adesão às precauções padrão está associada a fatores individuais, relacionados ao trabalho e organizacionais.
الموضوعات
Adult , Aged , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Young Adult , Nursing , Universal Precautions/statistics & numerical data , Guideline Adherence/statistics & numerical data , Hospitals, University/organization & administration , Work , Cross-Sectional Studies , Occupational Exposureالملخص
ABSTRACT Objective: To verify the association between individual, work-related and organizational factors with adherence to standard precautions. Method: Cross-sectional study, carried out from January to June 2016 with 602 nursing workers from a university hospital. Ten Likert-type psychometric scales were used, with 57 items, organized in three domains: individual, work-related and organizational factors. Data were analyzed with descriptive and inferential statistics. Results: The adherence to the standard precautions obtained a mean intermediate score (4.30 ± 1.03) and a positive correlation with the Risk Personality Scales (r = 0.136, p <0.0001), Prevention Efficacy (r = 0.109 , p <0.0001), Obstacles to follow the precautions (r = 0.394, p <0.0001), PPE availability (r = 0.189 p <0.0001), Safety Climate (r = 0.325, p <0 , 0001) and Training on Prevention of Occupational Exposure (r = + 0.308, p <0.0001). Conclusion: Adherence to standard precautions is associated with individual, work-related, and organizational factors.
RESUMEN Objetivo: Verificar la asociación entre los factores individuales, relacionados con el trabajo y organizacionales con el cumplimiento de las precauciones estándar. Método: Estudio transversal, realizado de enero a junio de 2016 con 602 trabajadores de enfermería de un hospital universitario. Se utilizaron diez escalas psicométricas tipo Likert, con 57 ítems, organizados en tres dominios: individual, relacionado con el trabajo y factores organizativos. Los datos fueron analizados con estadística descriptiva e inferencial. Resultados: La adherencia a las precauciones estándar obtuvo una puntuación media intermedia (4.30 ± 1.03) y una correlación positiva con las Escalas de Personalidad de Riesgo (r = 0.136, p <0.0001), Eficacia de la Prevención (r = 0.109) , p <0.0001), Obstáculos para seguir las precauciones (r = 0.394, p <0.0001), Disponibilidad de PPE (r = 0.189 p <0.0001), Clima de seguridad (r = 0.325, p <0 , 0001) y Capacitación en Prevención de la Exposición Ocupacional (r = + 0.308, p <0.0001). Conclusión: La adherencia a las precauciones estándar está asociada con factores individuales, relacionados con el trabajo y organizativos.
RESUMO Objetivo: Verificar a associação entre fatores individuais, relativos ao trabalho e organizacionais com adesão às precauções-padrão. Método: Estudo transversal, realizado de janeiro a junho de 2016 com 602 trabalhadores de enfermagem de um hospital universitário. Foram utilizadas 10 escalas psicométricas do tipo Likert, com 57 itens, organizadas em três domínios: fatores individuais, relativos ao trabalho e organizacionais. Os dados foram analisados com estatística descritiva e inferencial. Resultados: A adesão às precauções-padrão obteve escore médio intermediário (4,30 ±1,03) e apresentou correlação positiva com as escalas de Personalidade de Risco (r=0,136, p < 0,0001), Eficácia da Prevenção (r=0,109, p < 0,0001), Obstáculos para seguir às precauções (r=0,394, p < 0,0001), Disponibilidade de EPI (r=0,189 p < 0,0001), Clima de Segurança (r=0,325, p < 0,0001) e Treinamento em Prevenção da Exposição Ocupacional (r=+0,308, p < 0,0001). Conclusão: A adesão às precauções padrão está associada a fatores individuais, relacionados ao trabalho e organizacionais.
الموضوعات
Adult , Aged , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Young Adult , Nursing , Universal Precautions/statistics & numerical data , Guideline Adherence/statistics & numerical data , Hospitals, University/organization & administration , Work , Cross-Sectional Studies , Occupational Exposureالملخص
ABSTRACT Objective: To evaluate the quality of individual and team care for cardiac arrest in a pediatric hospital using clinical surprise simulation (in situ mock code). Methods: We conducted an observational study with a sample of the hospital staff. Clinical simulations of cardiorespiratory arrest were performed in several sectors and work shifts. The mock code occurred in vacant beds of the sector without previous notification to the teams on call. One researcher conducted all mock codes and another evaluated individual and team attendance through a questionnaire contemplating recommendation for adequate cardiopulmonary resuscitation, based on the Pediatric Advanced Life Support (PALS) guidelines. At the end of the simulations, the research team provided a debriefing to the team tested. Results: Fifteen in situ mock code were performed with 56 nursing professionals (including nurses, nursing residents and technicians) and 11 physicians (including two pediatric residents and four residents of pediatric subspecialties). The evaluation showed that 46.7% of the professionals identified cardiac arrest checking for responsiveness (26.7%) and pulse (46.7%); 91.6% requested cardiac monitoring and venous access. In one case (8.3%) the cardiac compression technique was correct in depth and frequency, while 50% performed cardiopulmonary resuscitation correctly regarding the proportion of compressions and ventilation. According to PALS guidelines, the teams had a good performance in the work dynamics. Conclusions: There was low adherence to the PALS guidelines during cardiac arrest simulations. The quality of cardiopulmonary resuscitation should be improved in many points. We suggest periodical clinical simulations in pediatric services to improve cardiopulmonary resuscitation performance.
RESUMO Objetivo: Avaliar a qualidade do atendimento individual e de equipe à parada cardiorrespiratória (PCR) em hospital pediátrico, utilizando a ferramenta de simulação clínica surpresa (in situ mock code). Métodos: Estudo observacional transversal com profissionais de saúde. Foram realizadas simulações clínicas de PCR em diversos setores, em turnos variados, em leito vago do setor sem notificação prévia às equipes de plantão. Um pesquisador conduziu todos os mock code e outro avaliou o atendimento individual e de equipe por meio de questionário contendo recomendações para adequada ressuscitação cardiopulmonar baseadas no protocolo do Suporte Avançado de Vida em Pediatria (PALS). Ao término das simulações, realizou-se debriefing com a equipe testada. Resultados: Foram realizados 15 in situ mock code e incluídos 56 profissionais de enfermagem (entre enfermeiros, residentes em enfermagem e técnicos) e 11 médicos (sendo dois residentes em pediatria e quatro pediatras residentes em subespecialidade pediátrica). A avaliação mostrou que profissionais identificaram a PCR checando responsividade (26,7%) e pulso (46,7%); 91,6% solicitaram monitorização cardíaca e acesso venoso. Em um caso (8,3%), a técnica de compressão cardíaca foi correta em profundidade e frequência, enquanto 50% executaram a ressuscitação cardiopulmonar corretamente na proporção de compressão e ventilação. As equipes apresentaram bom desempenho na dinâmica de trabalho, segundo variáveis recomendadas pelo PALS. Conclusões: Houve baixa adesão ao protocolo do PALS durante simulações de PCR, observando-se que a qualidade da ressuscitação cardiopulmonar oferecida pode melhorar em muitos pontos. Sugere-se que, em locais de assistência a pacientes pediátricos, sejam realizados treinamentos com simulações clínicas periódicas para melhor atendimento à PCR pediátrica.
الموضوعات
Humans , Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation/education , Simulation Training/methods , Heart Arrest/therapy , Brazil/epidemiology , Cross-Sectional Studies , Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation/methods , Health Personnel/education , Health Personnel/statistics & numerical data , Guideline Adherence/statistics & numerical data , Hospitals, Pediatric/statistics & numerical dataالملخص
ABSTRACT Objectives : to identify surgeons' knowledge and compliance rate to the Safe Surgery Protocol, as well as to assess the incidence of surgery-related adverse events, including patients' knowledge about the protocol. Methods: this is a cross-sectional and prospective study. An instrument was developed to collect the socio-graphic characteristics of sixty-eight surgeons and residents, their knowledge and adherence to the safe surgery protocol. Eighty-two patients were assessed regarding their awareness about the surgical procedure. The operating environment was also evaluated. Descriptive statistics and the odds ratio are presented. Results: the surgeons, despite their previous contact with the protocol throughout the graduation period, were poorly compliant with it. Adverse events such as the use of uncalibrated equipments or the presence of foreign bodies in several equipments such as drills and cautery pens were identified. In addition, some of the adverse events were identified and fixed, after patients had already been anesthesized, but before the beginning of the surgical procedure. Patients demonstrated knowledge about the operation they would undergo, but they did not know about its duration, and they were not introduced to the surgical team. Conclusion: there were failures in the dynamics and compliance regarding some phases of the protocol, which may impact the laterality errors and patient safety.
RESUMO Objetivo: identificar o conhecimento e a taxa de adesão ao Protocolo de Cirurgia Segura pelos cirurgiões, assim como a incidência de eventos adversos relacionados à operação, além do conhecimento dos pacientes sobre o protocolo. Métodos: estudo transversal, prospectivo com caráter quantitativo. Para a coleta de dados, foi elaborado, pelos autores, um instrumento que coletou o perfil sócio gráfico de sessenta e oito cirurgiões e residentes, o conhecimento e a adesão destes ao protocolo de cirurgia segura. Oitenta e dois pacientes foram entrevistados, e o ambiente de cirurgia avaliado. Os dados foram analisados de maneira descritiva e teste Razão das Chances com Índice de Confiança (IC) de 95%. Resultados: parte dos cirurgiões demonstraram que apesar do contato com o protocolo durante o período de formação, houve deficiência à adesão, ocasionando eventos adversos como o uso de equipamentos não calibrados ou presença de corpos estranhos nos equipamentos, como brocas e canetas. Além disso, foi constatado que em pacientes já anestesiados, as falhas foram percebidas e reparadas antes do começo do procedimento. No caso dos pacientes, estes demonstraram conhecimento quanto à cirurgia que iriam realizar, porém não sabiam a duração da mesma ou tinham sido introduzidos à equipe cirúrgica. Conclusão: houve falhas na dinâmica e na adesão de algumas etapas do protocolo, prejudicando a lateralidade no processo e a segurança do paciente.
الموضوعات
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Aged , Young Adult , Operating Room Nursing/standards , Practice Patterns, Physicians'/standards , Guideline Adherence/statistics & numerical data , Patient Safety/standards , Surgeons/standards , Practice Patterns, Physicians'/statistics & numerical data , Cross-Sectional Studies , Prospective Studies , Surveys and Questionnaires , Safety Management , Checklist , Surgeons/statistics & numerical data , Middle Agedالملخص
Abstract Background: The foundations for the growth and optimal development of every human being are laid in the first 2 years of life. Exclusive breastfeeding (EBF) up to 6 months of age and the introduction of complementary feeding (CF) from this age are considered the preventive interventions with the most significant impact on a child's life. The objective of this study was to determine if pediatricians base their recommendations by following the Guidelines for CF in Healthy Infants (GCFHI) and if mothers have any awareness and knowledge of these recommendations. Methods: Surveys based on the GCFHI were conducted in a group of mothers (n = 377) and pediatricians (n = 104) living in Mexico. Results: Not all pediatricians recommended the EBF, and 76% recommended infant formula before 6 months of age. Regarding mothers, 76.9% practiced the EBF for the first 6 months. Vegetables were the leading starting food of CF suggested by pediatricians and mothers (87% and 91%, respectively), contrasting with food sources of iron (44%), which are the foods of choice according to the GCFHI. The practices performed by the mothers were statistically different from the recommendations of the pediatricians. Conclusions: The results reflect a lack of updating regarding CF. It is imperative to reinforce efforts to maintain the EBF for 6 months and to continue it together with the CF, as well as to promote the beginning of CF based on macro- and micro-nutrients.
Resumen Introducción: En los primeros dos años de vida se crean las bases para el crecimiento y desarrollo óptimo de todo ser humano. La lactancia materna exclusiva (LME) hasta los 6 meses de edad y la introducción de alimentación complementaria (AC) a partir de esta edad están consideradas como las intervenciones preventivas de mayor impacto en la vida de un niño. El presente trabajo evalúa en qué medida los pediatras basan sus recomendaciones en el Consenso para las prácticas de alimentación complementaria en lactantes sanos (CALCS) y si las madres están familiarizadas con estas recomendaciones. Métodos: Se realizaron encuestas para madres (n = 377) y pediatras (n = 104) residentes en México basadas en el CALCS. Resultados: Se detectó que no todos los pediatras recomendaron la LME, y el 76% la complementa con sucedáneos de la leche materna antes de los 6 meses. El 76.9% de las madres practicaron la LME por 6 meses. Las verduras fueron el principal alimento de inicio de AC sugerido por pediatras y madres (87% y 91%, respectivamente), lo que contrasta con alimentos fuente de hierro (44%) que según el CALCS son los alimentos de elección. Las prácticas de las madres tuvieron diferencias significativas con las recomendaciones de los pediatras. Conclusiones: Hay una falta de formación y actualización en esta materia. Es imperativo reforzar los esfuerzos para mantener la LME por 6 meses y continuarla junto con la AC, así como promover el inicio de la AC con base en los macro y micronutrientes.
الموضوعات
Adolescent , Adult , Female , Humans , Infant , Male , Middle Aged , Young Adult , Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice , Guideline Adherence/statistics & numerical data , Pediatricians , Infant Nutritional Physiological Phenomena , Mothers , Vegetables , Breast Feeding/statistics & numerical data , Nutrition Surveys/statistics & numerical data , Cross-Sectional Studies , Infant Formula/statistics & numerical data , Educational Status , Pediatricians/statistics & numerical data , Mexico , Mothers/statistics & numerical data , Nutritional Requirementsالملخص
ABSTRACT Objective: To evaluate the compliance of the care process involving insertion of central vascular catheter (CVC) in hemodialysis. Method: Cross-sectional quantitative approach developed at the hemodialysis service of a reference hospital in Sergipe, Brazil. Sample consisting of 1,342 actions evaluated, corresponding to 122 forms for monitoring and control of CVC insertion. Data collection was held from July to December 2016. Results: The adherence rate to the use of the insertion form was 54.9%. The procedure evaluated achieved 93% overall compliance. Of the 11 specific actions observed, seven (64%) presented 100% compliance. The density of the overall incidence of primary bloodstream infections reduced from 10.6 to 3.1 infections per 1,000 patients/day. Conclusion: Although the observed actions reached specific desired conformities, the use of the checklist was lower than expected. Strategies for monitoring, coaching and educational and organizational actions can contribute to safe care.
RESUMEN Objetivo: Evaluar la conformidad del proceso asistencial relacionada a inserción del catéter venoso central(CVC) en hemodiálisis. Método: Enfoque cuantitativo, corte transversal, realizado en el servicio de hemodiálisis de un hospital de referencia del estado de Sergipe, Brasil. Muestra constituida por 1342 acciones evaluadas, que corresponden a 122 formularios para monitoreo y control de la inserción de CVC. La recolección de datos fue realizada de julio a diciembre del 2016. Resultados: La tasa de adhesión al uso del formulario de inserción fue del 54,9%. El procedimiento evaluado obtuvo un 93% de conformidad general. De 11 acciones específicas observadas,7(64%) presentaron 100% de conformidad. Se observó reducción en la incidencia global de infecciones primarias de corriente sanguínea de 10,6 para 3,1 por 1000 pacientes/día. Conclusión: Aunque las acciones observadas tuvieron conformidades específicas, el uso de la lista de verificación fue inferior a lo esperado. Estrategias para monitoreo, coaching y acciones educativas podrian contribuir para una asistencia segura.
RESUMO Objetivo: Avaliar a conformidade do processo assistencial envolvendo a inserção do cateter vascular central (CVC) em hemodiálise. Método: Abordagem quantitativa, de corte transversal, desenvolvida no serviço de hemodiálise de um hospital de referência do estado de Sergipe, Brasil. Amostra constituída por 1.342 ações avaliadas, correspondendo a 122 formulários para monitoramento e controle da inserção de CVC. A coleta de dados ocorreu de julho a dezembro de 2016. Resultados: A taxa de adesão ao uso do formulário de inserção foi de 54,9%. O procedimento avaliado alcançou 93% de conformidade geral. Das 11 ações específicas observadas, sete (64%) apresentaram 100% de conformidade. Observou-se redução da densidade de incidência global das infecções primárias da corrente sanguínea de 10,6 para 3,1 infecções por 1.000 pacientes/dia. Conclusão: Apesar das ações observadas alcançarem conformidades específicas desejadas, a utilização do checklist foi aquém do esperado. Estratégias para monitoramento, coaching e ações educativas e organizacionais podem contribuir para uma assistência segura.
الموضوعات
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Infection Control/standards , Guideline Adherence/standards , Central Venous Catheters/adverse effects , Quality Assurance, Health Care/methods , Brazil , Catheterization, Central Venous/adverse effects , Catheterization, Central Venous/methods , Cross-Sectional Studies , Renal Dialysis/instrumentation , Renal Dialysis/methods , Infection Control/statistics & numerical data , Guideline Adherence/statistics & numerical data , Central Venous Catheters/statistics & numerical dataالملخص
Background: Clinical practice guidelines (CPGs) promote better quality and equity in health care and potentially they could improve patients' outcomes. However, their implementation is hindered by a number of factors including some related to health care professionals. Aim: To assess the perceptions and attitudes of primary care physicians regarding CPGs developed by the Chilean Ministry of Health in the context of the Health Sector Reform. Material and Methods: An adaptation of the survey "Knowledge, perceptions and attitudes towards Clinical Practice Guidelines" was sent to 1,264 primary care physicians in Chile and answered completely by 354. The analysis assessed the attitudes towards CPG, their use in primary care and their relationship with socio demographic features of respondents. Results: Eighty two percent of respondents reviewed the flowcharts of the guidelines, 85% consulted their online version. The classification of evidence levels and the strength of recommendations generated a high level of confidence with the guidelines in 70 and 64% of respondents. Eighty five percent considered that CPG could help to standardize clinical practice. The most relevant barrier hindering CPG use was the lack of a brief, simple and easy to access format in 63% of respondents. The three dimensions of the theory of planned behavior (attitude toward behavior, subjective norms, and perceived behavioral control) were associated with a greater frequency of guideline use. A higher age and not being Chilean were associated with a lower frequency of use. Conclusions: The identified factors associated with CPG use should be considered in future guideline design.
الموضوعات
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Primary Health Care/standards , Practice Patterns, Physicians'/standards , Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice , Practice Guidelines as Topic , Physicians, Primary Care/standards , Practice Patterns, Physicians'/statistics & numerical data , Attitude of Health Personnel , Chile , Cross-Sectional Studies , Surveys and Questionnaires , Guideline Adherence/standards , Guideline Adherence/statistics & numerical data , Physicians, Primary Care/statistics & numerical dataالملخص
ABSTRACT Objective: To describe the structure and the processes of care for pregnant women/newborn infants, including the Essential Newborn Care (ENC), in maternity hospitals in Sergipe State, Brazil. Methods: A cross-sectional study carried out between June 2015 and April 2016 in all maternity hospitals of Sergipe with more than 500 deliveries/year (n=11). A questionnaire on the existing structure and work processes was administered to the managers. Subsequently, a representative number of postpartum women from these hospitals were interviewed (n=768). Their medical records, as well as newborn infants' records, were also analyzed. Results: Sergipe has 78 beds of Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU) and 90 beds of Intermediate Care Unit (IMCU) to meet spontaneous and programmed demand. Only six maternity hospitals (54.5%) performed the risk classification, and four (36.3%) had protocols for high-risk parturient care. Regarding the ENC components, only 41% (n=315) of the women had early skin-to-skin contact with their babies, 33.1% (n=254) breastfed in the first hour of life, and 18% (n=138) had a companion always during birth. Conclusions: The distribution of NICU beds between capital city and other cities of the State is adequate, considering Brazilian guidelines. However, there was a low adherence to the protocols for hypertensive and hemorrhagic emergencies, and a low coverage of humanization policies, pregnancy risk classification and ENC practices, especially breastfeeding in the first hour of life, and companion always during birth.
RESUMO Objetivo: Descrever a estrutura e os processos de atendimento a gestante/recém-nascido, incluindo os componentes do Essential Newborn Care (ENC), das maternidades de Sergipe, Brasil. Métodos: Estudo transversal realizado entre junho de 2015 e abril de 2016 em todas as maternidades de Sergipe (n=11) com mais de 500 partos/ano. Foi aplicado um questionário aos gestores sobre a estrutura e os processos de trabalhos existentes. Posteriormente, um número representativo de puérperas desses hospitais foi entrevistado (n=768) e seus prontuários, bem como o dos recém-nascidos, foram analisados. Resultados: Sergipe conta com 78 leitos de Unidade de Terapia Intensiva Neonatal (UTIN) e 90 de Unidade Intermediária (UI) para atendimento da demanda espontânea e programada. Somente seis maternidades (54,5%) realizam a classificação de risco e quatro (36,3%) possuem protocolos para atendimento das parturientes de alto risco. No que se refere aos componentes do ENC, apenas 41% (n=315) das mulheres tiveram contato pele a pele precoce com seu filho, 33,1% (n=254) amamentaram na primeira hora de vida e 18% (n=138) tiveram a presença do acompanhante em todos os momentos do parto. Conclusões: A distribuição de leitos de UTIN entre capital/interior é adequada no Estado, levando-se em consideração a legislação vigente no país. Entretanto, houve baixa adesão aos protocolos das emergências hipertensivas e hemorrágicas, e baixa cobertura das políticas de humanização, da classificação de risco para a gestante e das práticas do ENC, principalmente quanto à amamentação na primeira hora de vida e à presença do acompanhante na parturição.