Reporte de caso de síndrome FATCO: aplasia fibular, campomelia de tibia y oligosindactilia / A case report of a patient with FATCO syndrome: fibular aplasia, tibial campomelia and oligosyndactyly

El síndrome FATCO, por las siglas en inglés de aplasia fibular (Fibular Aplasia), campomelia de tibia (Tibial Campomelia) y oligosindactilia (Oligosyndactyly), es un conjunto de malformaciones óseas, en las que la alteración se centra en los huesos de la pierna. Es una entidad rara y hay pocos casos descritos en la Literatura internacional, y, hasta ahora, no se ha descrito ningún caso en Colombia. Presentamos aquí el caso de un recién nacido de sexo masculino con signos clínicos de manera prenatal y posnatal consistentes con síndrome FATCO sin otras malformaciones asociadas. Exponemos también una breve discusión sobre las diferentes malformaciones óseas y otros casos de FATCO en el mundo.

The FATCO syndrome, (Fibular Aplasia, Tibial Campomelia and Oligosyndactyly) are bone malformations with main alteration in lower limbs. It is a rare entity and there are few cases reported in international literature, and so far there are not published cases in Colombia. Here we present a case of a male newborn with prenatal and postnatal signs consistent with FATCO syndrome without other organs malformations, and there is a brief discussion about this syndrome and other different malformations associated with it.

Polidactilia, holoprosencefalia, labio y paladar hendido: no siempre es lo que parece / Polydactyly, holoprosencephaly, cleft lip and cleft palate are not always what they seem: Case report

Reportamos un neonato masculino con defectos de línea media, cardiopatía congénita y polidactilia, características sugestivas de trisomía 13. Sin embargo, el reporte de cariotipo fue normal. Por hallazgos clínicos, el diagnóstico final probable fue pseudotrisomía 13. Aunque el pronóstico de ambas condiciones es pobre, los estudios genéticos siempre son necesarios para establecer una adecuada asesoría genética. Si bien hay síndromes con presentación similar, como el de Meckel, el de Smith-Lemli- Opitz, el de Pallister-Hall y el hidroletalus, se puede realizar una aproximación diagnóstica basada en los antecedentes perinatales, el peso al nacer, el tiempo de supervivencia y algunos rasgos característicos de cada síndrome. Además, pueden existir, en algunos países, limitaciones para realizar estudios genéticos, por lo que los criterios clínicos pueden ser relevantes.

We report a male infant with midline defects, congenital heart disease and polydactyly, features suggestive of trisomy 13. However, the report of the karyotype was normal. By clinical findings the final diagnosis was likely to be Pseudotrisomy 13. Although the prognosis is poor in both conditions, the genetic study is always necessary to establish an adequate genetic counseling. Although there are syndromes with similar presentation as Meckel syndrome, Smith-Lemli-Opitz syndrome, Pallister-Hall syndrome and hydrolethalus, it is possible to make a diagnostic approach based on the perinatal history, birth weight, survival time, and some characteristics of each syndrome. However, limitations may exist to perform genetic studies in some countries, therefore the clinical criteria may be relevant.

Aqueiropodia: primer reporte de caso en Argentina / Acheiropodia: first case report in Argentina

La aqueiropodia es una enfermedad muy infrecuente, de herencia autosómica recesiva, caracterizada por una anomalía de reducción de miembros. Esta enfermedad ha sido descrita principalmente en Brasil. El objetivo de este trabajo es describir el primer caso reportado en Argentina, en dos hermanos gemelos afectados. Los pacientes fueron comunicados al Registro Nacional de Anomalías Congénitas de Argentina (RENAC). Ambos gemelos presentaron ausencia de manos y huesos del antebrazo, ausencia de pies, piernas acortadas con ausencia de peroné bilateral. Los pacientes descritos en este estudio son el primer reporte del síndrome de aqueiropodia en Argentina. La inmigración proveniente de Brasil posiblemente explique la ocurrencia de esta patología en nuestra población.

Acheiropodia is a very rare disease with autosomal recessive inheritance characterized by limb reduction defects. It has been described mainly in Brazil. The aim of this report is to describe the first reported cases in Argentina in two affected twins. Patients were reported to the National Registry of Congenital Anomalies of Argentina (RENAC). Both twins had limb reduction defect including hands, forearms, feet and fibulae. These patients are the first reported cases of acheiropodia syndrome in Argentina. Immigration from Brazil could explain this case in our population.

Tel hashomer camptodactyly syndrome a case report / El síndrome de camptodactilia de tel hashomer un reporte de caso

Tel Hashomer camptodactyly syndrome (THCS) is a rare autosomal recessive camptodactyly with muscular involvement. The manifestations of THCS other than camptodactyly are clubbed feet, thenar and hypothenar hypoplasia, abnormal palmar creases and dermatoglyphic ridges, spina bifida and mitral valve prolapse. The syndrome was first described by Goodman et al in 1972 and thereafter two further cases with similar phenotype were seen. Herein, we present another case report and review of the literature of other syndromes associated with camptodactyly and mitral valve prolapse. Further cases with this syndrome need to be reported for mapping of the candidate loci. This will help in planning management and genetic counselling.

El síndrome de camptodactilia de Tel Hashomer (SCTH) es una camptodactilia autosómica recesiva rara con compromiso muscular. Las manifestaciones de SCTH, aparte de la camptodactilia, son: pies equinovaros (zambos), hipoplasia tenar e hipotecar, pliegues palmares anormales, y dermatoglifos, espina bífida, y prolapso de la válvula mitral. El síndrome fue descrito por primera vez por Goodman et al en 1972, tras lo cual se vieron otros dos casos con fenotipos similares. Aquí presentamos otro reporte de caso, y revisamos la literatura de otros síndromes asociados con camptodactilia y el prolapso de la válvula mitral. Se necesitan reportes de otros casos con este síndrome para hacer el mapa de los locus candidatos. Esto ayudará a planear el tratamiento y a decidir el asesoramiento genético.

Ectrodactyly/split hand feet malformation.

Split-hand/split-foot malformation is a rare limb malformation with median clefts of the hands and feet and aplasia/hypoplasia of the phalanges, metacarpals and metatarsals. When present as an isolated anomaly, it is usually inherited as an autosomal dominant form. We report a case of autosomal recessive inheritance and discuss the antenatal diagnosis, genetic counseling and treatment for the malformation.

Moore Federman syndrome: A rare cause of pseudoscleroderma.

The Moore Federman syndrome (MFS) is characterized by short stature, stiffness of the joints, characteristic facies and ocular abnormalities. Herein, we report the case of a 45 year-old lady with short stature, thickening of the skin, stiffness of the joints, typical facies, iridodonesis and cataract since the age of 12 years. She had short digits and no family history of similar illness. To the best of our knowledge, this could be the fourth report of MFS.

Weill-Marchesani syndrome associated with retinitis pigmentosa.

Retinitis pigmentosa (RP) is associated with a wide variety of ocular and systemic disorders. The Weill-Marchesani syndrome is a multi-system disorder with microspherophakia as one of the common manifestations. A 14-year-old girl presented with short stature, short and stubby fingers, hypodontia and low-set ears. Slit-lamp examination revealed microspherophakia, with shallow anterior chambers with irido and phacodonesis. Ultrasonographic biomicroscopy confirmed the clinical findings and revealed hypoplastic ciliary body. Electroretinogram confirmed the diagnosis of RP. Though RP has been associated with ectopia lentis in earlier reports, this is, to the best of our knowledge, the first case report describing the association of RP and Weill-Marchesani syndrome.

Displasia ectodérmica, ectrodactilia e fissura lábio-palatal: manifestações oculares da síndrome em relato de caso / Ectodermal dysplasia, ectrodactyly and clefting syndrome: ocular manifestations of this syndrome in a case report

Descrição de um caso da síndrome de displasia ectodérmica, ectrodactilia e fissura lábio-palatal (EEC), doença rara com importante acometimento ocular. Paciente de 26 anos, com queixa de dor, fotofobia e baixa acuidade visual no olho esquerdo há três dias, submetida à investigação genética, após exames físico e oftalmológico completos. Foi diagnosticado síndrome EEC e identificadas todas as alterações sistêmicas e oculares. Apresentava uma úlcera paracentral estéril no olho esquerdo, com dificuldades de cicatrização devido às alterações oculares próprias da síndrome (alteração do filme lacrimal, triquíase, ausência de glândulas de Meibomius, entre outras). Foi feita descrição das alterações oculares nessa síndrome rara, para que haja tratamento preventivo e diminuam os riscos de baixa de acuidade visual em pacientes que recebam esse diagnóstico genético.

A case of ectodermal dysplasia, ectrodactyly and clefting syndrome (EEC), a rare disease with an important ocular impairment and with scarce literature. Patient, 26 years old with complaints of pain, with photophobia and low visual acuity in the left eye for three days. The patient was submitted to a genetic investigation after complete physical and ophthalmologic examinations. EEC syndrome was diagnosed and all systemic and ocular modifications identified. The patient presented a scar in the left eye, with difficulties in healing due to ocular damage caused by the syndrome (lack of tear film, trichiasis, Meibomius gland absence, among others). The ocular modifications in this rare syndrome were described in order to institute preventive treatment and to reduce the risks of low visual acuity in patients who receive this genetic diagnosis.

A Case of Weill-Marchesani Syndrome with Inversion of Chromosome 15

PURPOSE: To present a case of Weill-Marchesani syndrome with corneal endothelial dysfunction due to anterior dislocation of a spherophakic lens and corneolenticular contact. METHODS: A 17-year-old woman presented with high myopia and progressive visual disturbance. She was of short stature and had brachydactyly. Her initial Snellen best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) was 20/50 (-sph 20.50 -cyl 3.00 Ax 180) in her right eye and 20/40 (-sph 16.00 -cyl 6.00 Ax 30) in her left eye. Slit lamp examination revealed a dislocated spherophakic lens touching corenal endothelium. A microspherophakic lens, hypoplastic ciliary body, and elongated zonules were confirmed on rotating Scheimpflug camera (Pentacam(R)) and on ultrasound biomicroscopy. Specular microscopy showed corneal endothealial dysfunction. Systemic evaluation was performed, and chromosomal study showed 46, XX, inv (15) (q13qter). The patient was diagnosed with Weill-Marchesani syndrome. RESULTS: Due to impending corneal decompensation, phacoemulsification and suture fixation of the intraocular lens were performed. The operation and postoperative course were uneventful. Three months postoperatively, the visual acuity was 20/30 (OD) and 20/40 (OS) without correction, and BCVA was 20/20 (+sph 0.50 -cyl 2.00 Ax 160 : OD) and 20/25 (+sph 1.50 -cyl 3.00 Ax 30 : OS). During the follow-up period, increased corneal endothelial counts, hexagonality, and decreased corneal thickness were achieved. CONCLUSIONS: In Weill-Marchesani syndrome with a chromosomal anomaly, a dislocated spherophakic lens may cause severe corneal endothelial dysfunction due to corneolenticular contact, and prompt lensectomy is important to prevent such complications.

Ehlers Danlos syndrome in two siblings.

Two cases of Ehlers-Danlos syndrome affecting two real brothers are being reported. Both of them presented with features of atrophy and hyperextensibility of skin, hypermobility of joints and scarring at the sites of trauma. The elder brother also had kyphoscoliosis and hypogonadism with testicular failure.

Enfermedad de Ollier de presentación bilateral. Reporte de un caso y revisión de la literatura / Bilateral presentation of the Ollier's disease. A case report and literatura review

Los osteocondromas o endocondromas son tumores benignos de cartílago hialino maduro que crecen en las metáfisis de los huesos tubulares de la mano, y son lesiones primarias solitarias o múltiples. Cuando los encondromas aparecen en la infancia, en forma múltiple y sin un patrón hereditario conocido, se denomina enfermedad de Ollier. En esta enfermedad, la afección tiene un predominio unilateral, que compromete principalmente manos y pies. El presente caso es de un paciente de 18 años con enfermedad de Ollier desde los dos años de edad con afección de manos y pies, el cual acude a nuestro servicio con una severa deformidad y disfuncionalidad de antebrazo y mano derecha. El paciente se manejó con una amputación estético funcional de los dedos cuarto y quinto, así como resección de los encondromas de los dedos segundo y tercero de la mano derecha. A diferencia de los pocos casos reportados en la literatura de enfermedad de Ollier con afección de manos, este paciente, evolucionó con recidivas sin regresión ni autolimitación, afectando, finalmente a las cuatro extremidades.

Mano zamba congénita / Congenital manus valga

La mano zamba congénita es una de las afecciones ortopédicas de más difícil tratamiento. Procederemos a presentar el caso de un paciente portador de esta entidad por agenesia del radio, que fue tratado con el minifijador externo modelo RALCA. Se obtienen resultados satisfactorios, y se muestran las bondades de este sistema de fijación externa.

Unusual hand malformations with cardiac defects--a variant of heart--hand syndrome IV.

Reported below is the association of unusual hand malformations and congenital cardiac anomalies, possibly a variant of Heart--Hand syndrome IV in a 10 year old male. In addition to these malformations, he also had genitourinary defects. The differential diagnosis of polydactyly with cardiac defects is discussed along with a review of relevant literature.

A síndrome de Holt-Oram revisitada: dois casos em uma mesma família / Holt-Oram syndrome revisited: two patients in the same family

Holt-Oram syndrome was first described in 1960 as an association of familial heart disease and musculoskeletal abnormalities. The most important findings include atrial septal defects, atrioventricular conduction abnormalities, vascular hypoplasia, and upper limb musculoskeletal deformities. We report two patients with this syndrome in the same family and discuss the variability of the musculoskeletal abnormalities and their association with the cardiac morphologic defects. Both patients in this study had associated eosinophilia, which has not been reported in the literature.

Mandibulo-acral dysplasia: Indian patient with severe bony changes.

We report an Indian patient with mandibulo-acral dysplasia. This patient had absence of spinous processes of 4th and 5th cervical vertebrae and very severe bony changes but no loss of teeth.

Mano hendida: clasificación, diagnóstico diferencial y tratamiento

Se intenta actualizar el tema, ahondando en la embriogénesis de la mano hendida, se adhiere a la teoría de que se trata de una polisindactilia que se atrofia antes del nacimiento. Se presentan 9 casos de pacientes, 17 manos afectadas que se clasifican de acuerdo con Watari. Se describe detalladamente la clínica. El diagnóstico diferencial se establece por las agenesias longitudinales radiales y cubitales, las bridas circulares y los síndromes de Apert, Polland, etc. Además, se establecen diagnósticos diferenciales entre distintos pies hendidos. Tratamiento: No estamos de acuerdo con el cierre de la comisura realizado con partes blandas, porque los resultados son malos. En cambio, sugerimos el cierre de la comisura por medio de una osteotomía de traslado y desrotación. Cuando la mano es del tipo 6, a veces sólo hace falta profundizar la comisura, otras, se requiere separar la comisura, y practicar osteotomía de desrotación. En caso de sindactilia entre el pulgar y el índice, y hendidura entre el índice y el resto de los dedos, se propone la técnica de Snow y Littler, técnica difícil, con posibles complicaciones, pero que ofrece una solución estética en un solo tiempo quirúrgico