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1.
Rev. Bras. Ortop. (Online) ; 57(3): 511-520, May-June 2022. tab, graf
مقالة ي الانجليزية | LILACS | ID: biblio-1388018

الملخص

Abstract Objective The aim of the present study was to compare functional results after Cemented Calcar replacement vis-a-vis Long stem Cemented hemiarthroplasty in patients aged more than 80 years with unstable intertrochanteric fractures. Methods The present prospective, randomized trial included 140 patients with AO/OTA type 31-A2, A3 intertrochanteric femur fracture, randomized into 2 treatment groups and followed-up for a minimum of 2 years. Sixty-seven patients in group A were treated with a cemented calcar replacing prosthesis, and 65 patients in group B were treated with a cemented long stem femoral stem prosthesis. The primary end points were hip functions at 2 years. The secondary end points were the complications encountered, mortality, surgical time, reoperation, blood loss, and activities of daily living. Results There were no major differences between the groups in terms of hip function, quality of life (health related), reoperation, mortality, and blood loss. However, the function in hip joint and activities of daily living deteriorated in both groups in comparison with prefracture levels. Conclusion In octogenarians with an unstable intertrochanteric fracture, cemented calcar replacing prosthesis has similar clinical results in comparison with long stem cemented hemiarthroplasty. Hemiarthroplasty with either implant is a good option in this subset of patients. Level of evidence: I


Resumo Objetivo O objetivo do presente estudo foi comparar os resultados funcionais após a substituição do Calcar cimentado em comparação com a hemiartroplastia cimentada de haste longa em pacientes com mais de 80 anos com fratura intertrocantérica instável. Métodos O presente estudo prospectivo e randomizado incluiu 140 pacientes com fratura de fêmur intertrocantérica, conforme classificação AO/OTA tipo 31-A2, A3, randomizados em 2 grupos de tratamento e acompanhados por um período mínimo de 2 anos. Sessenta e sete pacientes do grupo A foram tratados com uma prótese de substituição do calcar cimentada e 65 pacientes do grupo B foram tratados com uma prótese femoral de haste longa cimentada. Os desfechos primários foram as funções do quadril em 2 anos. Os eventos secundários foram as complicações encontradas, a mortalidade, o tempo cirúrgico, segunda cirurgia, perda de sangue e as atividades do cotidiano. Resultados Não houve grandes diferenças entre os grupos em termos de função do quadril, qualidade de vida (relacionada à saúde), segunda cirurgia, mortalidade e perda de sangue. No entanto, a função da articulação do quadril e as atividades da vida diária se deterioraram em ambos os grupos em comparação com os níveis pré-fratura. Conclusão Nos octogenários com fratura intertrocantérica instável, a prótese de substituição do calcar cimentada apresentou resultados clínicos semelhantes em comparação com a hemiartroplastia de haste longa cimentada. A hemiartroplastia comqualquer umdos implantes é uma boa opção nesse subgrupo de pacientes. Nível de evidência: I


الموضوعات
Humans , Aged, 80 and over , Arthroplasty, Replacement, Hip , Hemiarthroplasty , Hip Fractures/therapy , Hip Prosthesis
3.
Rev. méd. Urug ; 37(4): e37411, 2021.
مقالة ي الأسبانية | LILACS, UY-BNMED, BNUY | ID: biblio-1389649

الملخص

Resumen: Introducción: las fracturas de cadera y la coxartrosis son patologías con alta incidencia en la población anciana. A pesar de esto es una observación clínica frecuente que no se presenten asociadas. No existe consenso de cuál es la mejor opción terapéutica para esta asociación. El objetivo del estudio es actualizar el conocimiento acerca del tratamiento de fracturas trocántero-subtrocantéricas asociadas a coxartrosis ipsilateral en pacientes mayores de 65 años. Materiales y métodos: se realizó una búsqueda sistematizada a través de los buscadores electrónicos PubMed y Ovid. La búsqueda alcanzó un total de 2,499 artículos, de acuerdo a los criterios de inclusión y exclusión se seleccionaron 12 trabajos para realizar nuestra revisión bibliográfica. Resultado: la mayoría de los trabajos analizados son estudios tipo serie de casos retrospectivos. Se realizaron tres subgrupos según tipo de tratamiento para analizar los resultados. Discusión: la asociación entre fracturas de fémur proximal y coxartrosis ipsilateral es poco frecuente. Dentro de este grupo de fracturas las de tipo trocantérico son las que muestran con mayor frecuencia esta asociación. Se plantean dos opciones terapéuticas para resolver esta asociación: tratar la fractura y la patología articular en un mismo acto quirúrgico mediante una artroplastia, o tratar primero la fractura mediante osteosíntesis y en una segunda cirugía la patología articular. El tratamiento mediante artroplastia disminuye el tiempo para la deambulación postoperatoria evitando así complicaciones médicas relacionadas a la enfermedad fracturaria, obteniendo mejores resultados funcionales a corto plazo. La osteosíntesis requiere un menor tiempo quirúrgico y una perdida sanguínea menor, siendo un procedimiento menos demandante técnicamente. La tasa de mortalidad no depende de la opción terapéutica, pero sí de la presencia de 3 o más comorbilidades y edad mayor a 80 años. Resulta importante conocer el tratamiento más adecuado para esta asociación de patologías, ello contribuiría a disminuir los efectos de la enfermedad fracturaria sobre este grupo de pacientes vulnerables. Conclusión: no existe la suficiente evidencia científica para afirmar que una opción terapéutica sea superior a la otra en estos pacientes.


Summary: Introduction: hip fractures and hip joint arthrosis are highly prevalent conditions among older adults. However, according to clinical examination, they are seldom seen together and today there is no general consensus on the best therapy for these associated conditions. The study aims to update existing knowledge on the treatment of trochanteric and subtrochanteric fractures that are associated to ipsilateral coxarthrosis in patients older than 65 years old. Method: we conducted a systematized search on Pubmed and Ovid including 2,499 articles and selected 12 studies to perform our bibliographic review based on inclusion and exclusion criteria. Result: most studies analysed are series of retrospective cases. Cases were classified them into three subgroups to analyse results. Discussion: the association between proximal femur fractures and ipsilateral coxarthrosis is rather unusual. When seen, trochanteric fractures are the most frequent ones. There are two therapeutic options to treat this condition: treating the fracture and the articulation in the same surgery, by means of an arthroplasty, or treating the fracture first with osteosynthesis and operating afterwards to treat the articulation condition. Arthroplasty reduces the time of postoperative ambulation and thus avoids medical complications in connection with the fracture disease, what results in better functional outcome in the short term. Osteosynthesis requires a shorter surgery and implies smaller blood loss, what makes it less technically demanding as a procedure. The mortality rate does not depend on the therapy chosen, but on the presence of three or more comorbilities, or the patient being older than 80 years old. It is important to define what the most appropriate treatment is for these associated conditions, what would contribute to reducing the effects of the fracture on this group of vulnerable patients. Conclusion: there is no sufficient scientific evidence to state whether one therapy is better than the other one in these patients.


Resumo: Introdução: as fraturas de quadril e coxartrose são patologias com alta incidência na população idosa. Apesar disso, é frequente a observação clínica de que não estão associados. Não há consenso sobre qual a melhor opção terapêutica para essa associação. O objetivo deste estudo é atualizar o conhecimento sobre o tratamento das fraturas trocantéricas-subtrocantéricas associadas à coxartrose ipsilateral em pacientes com mais de 65 anos. Materiais e métodos: foi realizada uma busca sistemática nas bases PubMed e Ovid. Foram encontrados 2.499 artigos; após aplicação dos critérios de inclusão e exclusão, foram selecionados 12 artigos para realização de nossa revisão bibliográfica. Resultado: a maioria dos estudos analisados são séries de casos retrospectivos. Para análise dos resultados, foram divididos em três subgrupos de acordo com o tipo de tratamento. Discussão: a associação entre fratura de fêmur proximal e coxartrose ipsilateral é rara. Dentro desse grupo de fraturas, as do tipo trocantérica são as que mais frequentemente apresentam essa associação. Duas opções terapêuticas são propostas para resolver essa associação: tratar a fratura e a patologia articular no mesmo ato cirúrgico por meio de uma artroplastia, ou tratar a fratura primeiro por osteossíntese e em uma segunda cirurgia a patologia articular. O tratamento por artroplastia reduz o tempo de deambulação pós-operatória, evitando complicações médicas relacionadas à doença da fratura, obtendo melhores resultados funcionais em curto prazo. A osteossíntese requer menos tempo cirúrgico e menos perda sanguínea, sendo um procedimento menos exigente tecnicamente. A taxa de mortalidade não depende da opção terapêutica, mas sim da presença de 3 ou mais comorbidades e idade superior a 80 anos. É importante identificar o tratamento mais adequado para esta associação de patologias, o que ajudaria a reduzir os efeitos da patologia da fratura neste grupo de pacientes vulneráveis. Conclusão: não há evidências científicas suficientes para afirmar que uma opção terapêutica seja superior a outra nestes pacientes.


الموضوعات
Humans , Aged , Osteoarthritis, Hip , Hip Fractures/therapy , Femoral Fractures/therapy
4.
Rev. cuba. anestesiol. reanim ; 19(2): e594, mayo.-ago. 2020. tab
مقالة ي الأسبانية | LILACS, CUMED | ID: biblio-1126354

الملخص

Introducción: La evidencia demuestra que un inadecuado alivio del dolor preoperatorio tiene consecuencias fisiológicas y psicológicas nocivas en los pacientes, aumenta la morbilidad y la mortalidad. Objetivo: Evaluar la eficacia del bloqueo femoral modificado en los pacientes con el diagnóstico de fractura de cadera. Método: Se realizó un estudio cuasiexperimental en el Hospital Universitario Manuel Ascunce Domenech de la provincia Camagüey, en el periodo correspondiente de enero 2016 hasta enero 2018. Se constituyó el universo con 639 pacientes programados de urgencia y electivo con el diagnóstico de fractura de cadera, a través de un muestreo aleatorio simple de manera automática con el Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) Versión 21 para Windows, error aceptable y nivel de confianza del 95 por ciento. Se conformó la muestra por 295 pacientes. Resultados: La mayor parte de los pacientes intervenidos por fractura de cadera están por encima de la quinta década de la vida. Se diagnosticó la fractura extracapsular en 174 pacientes, en la evaluación del dolor a través del Cuestionario de dolor de McGill se constata dolor terrible de 4 con intervalo de confianza (2,00912-6,23110) antes del bloqueo y analgesia después del bloqueo de 1 con intervalo de confianza (0,73102 - 1,48209). Conclusiones: El bloqueo femoral modificado proporcionó analgesia en la totalidad de los casos(AU)


Introduction: Evidence shows that inadequate control of preoperative pain has harmful physiological and psychological consequences in patients, and increases morbidity and mortality. Objective: To evaluate the efficacy of modified femoral block in patients with a diagnosis of hip fracture. Method: A quasi-experimental study was carried out at Manuel Ascunce Domenech University Hospital in Camagüey Province, from January 2016 to January 2018. The study population was made up of 639 emergency and elective surgical patients with the diagnosis of hip fracture of hip, through simple random sampling automatically with the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) Version 21 for Windows, acceptable error and 95% confidence level. The sample was made up of 295 patients. Results: Most of the patients operated on for hip fracture are above their fifth decade of life. Extracapsular fracture was diagnosed in 174 patients. Regarding pain evaluation through McGill's Pain Questionnaire, terrible pain of 4 was perceived, with confidence interval (2.00912-6.23110) before block; and also analgesia of 1 after blockage, with confidence interval (0.73102-1.48209). Conclusions: The modified femoral block provided analgesia in all cases(AU)


الموضوعات
Humans , Middle Aged , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Pain Measurement/drug effects , Hip Fractures/diagnosis , Hip Fractures/therapy , Nerve Block/methods , Perioperative Care/methods , Preoperative Period , Non-Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic
5.
Rev. méd. panacea ; 9(2): 135-140, mayo-ago. 2020.
مقالة ي الأسبانية | LIPECS, LILACS | ID: biblio-1121237

الملخص

Introducción: El tratamiento quirúrgico de las fracturas intertrocantericas presenta complicaciones postquirúrgicas múltiples debido a varios factores, el índice punta-ápex o "TAD" es uno de los principales predictores del desanclaje del tornillo femoral o "cut out". Objetivo: Realizar una revisión bibliográfica del "TAD" en los estudios científicos más actuales. Materiales y métodos: Estudio descriptivo de búsqueda bibliografíca en páginas científicas como Scielo, Elsevier, Pubmed, Medline y bibliotecas virtuales nacionales e internacionales. Resultados: Las fracturas intertrocantericas representan el 50% de todas las fracturas del fémur proximal, mayor incidencia en mujeres (2:1 hasta 8:1) y personas mayores de 65 años, las complicaciones postquirúrgicas representan el 17%, el desanclaje de tornillo o "cut out" se describe como la complicación más común. El "TAD" es usado desde 1995; la migración del tornillo deslizante en la cabeza femoral se observa inclusive en pacientes con TAD menor de 25 mm, debido a la implicancia de factores (asociados al implante, mal posicionamiento del tornillo deslizante y mala calidad ósea), dando un umbral óptimo del TAD más bajo (<20 mm) que el corte tradicional(<25 mm); por cada milímetro que aumenta el TAD, el riesgo de corte aumenta aproximadamente 1.1. El TAD presenta una especificidad significativamente mayor que el CalTAD y TAD + CalTAD (59.1 vs 49.2%, p <0.001; 59.1 vs 54.1%, p <0,001). Conclusiones: El "TAD", sigue siendo el mayor predictor de "cut out" en la actualidad inclusive por encima de los nuevos predictores. (AU)


Introduction: Surgical treatment of intertrochanteric fractures involves multiple post-surgical complications due to several factors. The tip-apex distance or "TAD" is one of the main predictors of femoral screw displacement or "cutout". Objective: perform a bibliographic review of the "TAD" in the most current scientific studies. Materials and methods: Descriptive study of bibliographic searches in scientific sites such as Scielo, Elsevier, Pubmed, Medline and national and international virtual libraries. Results: Intertrochanteric fractures account for 50% of all fractures of the proximal femur, higher incidence in women (2:1 to 8:1) and people over 65 years, post-surgical complications account for 17%, screw displacement or "cutout" is described as the most common complication. The TAD has been used since 1995; migration of the sliding screw in the femoral head is observed even in patients with a cut out of less than 25 mm, due to the implication of factors (associated with the implant, poor positioning of the sliding screw and poor bone quality), giving an optimal threshold of cut out lower (<20 mm) than the traditional cut out (<25 mm); for every millimeter that the cut out increases, the risk of cut out increases approximately 1.1. TAD has a significantly higher specificity than CalTAD y TAD + CalTAD (59.1 vs 49.2%, p <0.001; 59.1 vs 54.1%, p <0,001). Conclusions: The "TAD", is still the biggest predictor of "cut out" at present even above the new predictors. (AU)


الموضوعات
Humans , Male , Female , Middle Aged , Aged , Bone Screws , Hip Fractures/surgery , Hip Fractures/therapy , Epidemiology, Descriptive
6.
Medwave ; 20(5): e7939, 2020.
مقالة ي الانجليزية, الأسبانية | LILACS | ID: biblio-1116666

الملخص

PURPOSE: To describe the incidence of hip fracture in Chile during 2017, identify risk factors for in-hospital mortality, and estimate annual case fatality rate. METHOD: The study design was cross-sectional and analytical. We obtained the registries of all patients from the Chilean Ministry of Health who were treated for hip fracture between January 1, 2017, and December 31, 2017. We used multivariate logistic regression to estimate the risk factors for in-hospital mortality. The annual case fatality rate was calculated using the probabilities obtained by estimating a logistic regression model in previous work. The estimated crude mortality rate per 100 000 persons was compared with that of cancer, as reported by the Ministry of Health. RESULTS: During 2017, 7421 hip fractures occurred, resulting in an incidence of 40 per 100 000 persons. Of these, 1574 (21.21%) cases did not undergo surgery. In-hospital mortality was found to be associated with no surgery (odds ratio 8.32, 6.20 to 11.17), and being treated in a public hospital (odds ratio 1.62, 1.00 to 2.68). The estimated annual case fatality rate was 0.30 (0.27 to 0.33), and the crude mortality rate per 100 000 persons was 10.78 (9.66 to 11.71). CONCLUSION: Hip fractures mainly affect the population over 60 years old and women. Chile has an excessively high rate of non-operated patients compared to international reports. There is a significant difference between care in a public hospital compared to private clinics in terms of volume, access to surgery, hospital stay, in-hospital mortality, and estimated case fatality rate.


OBJETIVOS: Describir la incidencia de fractura de cadera en Chile durante el año 2017, identificar factores de riesgo para mortalidad intrahospitalaria y estimar la letalidad anual. MÉTODO: Estudio transversal analítico. Se solicitó al Ministerio de Salud de Chile el registro de todos los pacientes en Chile que fueron hospitalizados por fractura de cadera entre el 1 de enero y el 31 de diciembre de 2017. Para estimar los factores de riesgo para mortalidad intrahospitalaria se estimó una regresión logística multivariada. La tasa de letalidad anual fue estimada usando las probabilidades obtenidas por estimación modelo de regresión logística de un trabajo previo. Se comparó la tasa cruda de mortalidad estimada por 100 000 habitantes con la de cáncer reportada por el Ministerio de Salud. RESULTADOS: Durante 2017 ocurrieron 7421 fracturas de cadera, obteniendo una incidencia de 40 por cada 100 000 habitantes. Un total de 1574 (intervalo de confianza 95%: 21,21%) pacientes no recibieron cirugía. La mortalidad intrahospitalaria se asocia a no cirugía (Odds ratio 8,32; intervalo de confianza 95%: 6,20 a 11,17) y a ser atendido en una institución pública (Odds ratio 1,62; intervalo de confianza 95%: 1,00 a 2,68). La tasa de letalidad al año estimada es de 0,30 (intervalo de confianza 95%: 0,27 a 0,33) y la tasa cruda de mortalidad por 100 000 habitantes es de 10,78 (intervalo de confianza 95%: 9,66 a 11,71). CONCLUSIÓN: La fractura de cadera afecta principalmente a población mayor de 60 años y mujeres. Chile presenta una alta tasa de pacientes no operados comparado con reportes internacionales. Existe una diferencia significativa entre atenderse en la red pública y privada, independiente de la previsión en términos de volumen, acceso a cirugía, estadía hospitalaria, mortalidad intrahospitalaria y tasa de letalidad estimada.


الموضوعات
Humans , Male , Female , Infant , Child, Preschool , Child , Adolescent , Adult , Middle Aged , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Young Adult , Hospital Mortality , Health Services Accessibility , Hip Fractures/epidemiology , Chile/epidemiology , Registries , Incidence , Cross-Sectional Studies , Risk Factors , Sex Distribution , Age Distribution , Hip Fractures/mortality , Hip Fractures/therapy , Hospitals, Public/statistics & numerical data , Length of Stay
7.
Rev. Bras. Ortop. (Online) ; 54(4): 402-407, July-Aug. 2019. tab, graf
مقالة ي الانجليزية | LILACS | ID: biblio-1042430

الملخص

Abstract Objective To evaluate predictive factors of death in patients aged ≥ 70 years old with proximal femoral fracture (PFF) submitted to surgical treatment. Methods An analysis of medical records by creating a retrospective cohort with a 6- month follow-up. A total of 124 charts were analyzed after applying the inclusion and exclusion criteria. All of the patients were treated by a single orthopedic surgeon under uniform conditions. Results The mortality rate was of 34.7%, and the most common profile was female, 85 years old, and with at least 1 comorbidity. Patients > 85 years old, hospitalized for > 7 days, with at least 1 comorbidity, and staying at the intensive care unit (ICU) had a higher risk of death (2, 2.5, 4, and 4 times higher, respectively). Conclusion Regarding the death outcome, although we did not find a statistically significant difference in the topography of the lesion and in its behavior in its coexistence with ICU hospitalization, we believe that further investigations under this perspective are required in a population with the studied profile.


Resumo Objetivo Avaliar fatores preditivos de morte em pacientes de idade igual ou superior a 70 anos com fratura proximal do fêmur submetidos a tratamento cirúrgico. Métodos Análise de prontuários médicos criando-se uma coorte retrospectiva com seguimento de 6meses. Foramanalisados 124 prontuários após aplicação dos critérios de inclusão e exclusão. Todos os pacientes foram tratados por um único cirurgião ortopédico em condições de uniformidade. Resultados Taxa de mortalidade de 34.7%, sendo o perfil mais comum de paciente o indivíduo do gênero feminino, com 85 anos e ao menos 1 comorbidade. Os pacientes com idade superior a 85 anos, internação hospitalar por mais de 7 dias, ao menos 1 comorbidade presente e internação em centro de terapia intensiva (CTI) apresentaram maior risco de óbito (respectivamente 2; 2,5; 4 e 4 vezes maior). Conclusão Em relação ao desfecho óbito, apesar de não encontramos diferença estatisticamente significativa no que se refere à topografia da lesão e como essas se comportamnomomento em que coexistemjunto a internação em CTI, acreditamos na necessidade de maiores investigações sob essa ótica na população com o perfil estudado.


الموضوعات
Humans , Male , Female , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Hip Fractures/surgery , Hip Fractures/mortality , Hip Fractures/therapy
8.
Acta ortop. mex ; 32(6): 334-341, nov.-dic. 2018. tab, graf
مقالة ي الأسبانية | LILACS | ID: biblio-1248615

الملخص

Resumen: Introducción: La fractura de cadera (FC) se considera la consecuencia más grave de las caídas y la osteoporosis. Dieciocho por ciento de las mujeres sufrirán una FC y 25% muere en el primer año. Sólo 73% de los supervivientes caminará como lo hacía previamente. Conocemos poco de la asistencia y evolución de la FC en México. Objetivo: Revisar el estado actual de la literatura mexicana sobre FC, comparar estudios mexicanos entre sí y con los indicadores de calidad. Metodología: Se realizó una búsqueda de artículos mexicanos publicados entre 2000 y 2017 con las palabras clave: fractura de cadera, ancianos, México y hip fracture en las bases de datos PubMed, EBSCO y Bibliomed. Resultados: Se incluyeron 22 artículos. No se encontraron ensayos clínicos, informes de unidades multidisciplinarias, registros, ni metaanálisis. La media de edad fue de 76.9 años y 67.2% fueron mujeres. No se encontraron trabajos que reportaran indicadores de calidad. La comorbilidad se describe poco. Las complicaciones más frecuentes de la FC fueron delirium, neumonía y úlceras por presión. La mortalidad en la fase aguda fue de 0.97 a 12.5%. No se reportaron unidades ortogeriátricas. El costo de atención osciló entre 1,261 y 13,641 dólares estadounidenses (USD). Conclusiones: La información científica sobre FC en México es escasa, heterogénea y no permite obtener resultados concluyentes. Se requiere aumentar la cantidad y la calidad de la investigación en FC en México. Sería también conveniente difundir la utilidad de los equipos multidisciplinarios y registros de FC, lo que contribuiría a mejorar la atención.


Abstract: Introduction: Hip fracture is considered the most serious consequence of falls and osteoporosis. 18% of women will suffer one and 25% die in the first year. Only 73% of survivors will walk as they did previously. We know little about the assistance and evolution of it in Mexico. Our goal was to review the current state of Mexican literature on hip fracture, compare Mexican studies with each other and with quality indicators. Methods: We conducted a search of Mexican articles published between 2000-2017 with the key words: hip fracture, elderly, Mexico and hip fracture (in English) in the databases PubMed, EBSCO and Bibliomed. Results: Twenty-one articles were included. No clinical trials, multidisciplinary unit reports, records, or meta-analyses were found. The average age was 76.9 years and 67.2% were women. No papers were found to report quality indicators. Comorbidity is reported little. The most common complications of hip fractures were delirium, pneumonia and pressure ulcers. Mortality in the acute phase was 0.97 to 12.5%. Special units were not reported. The cost of care oscillated between 1,261 and 13,641 USD. Conclusions: The scientific information on hip fractures in Mexico is sparse, heterogeneous and does not allow for conclusive results. Increasing the amount and quality of research in hip fractures in Mexico is required. It would also be advisable to disseminate the usefulness of multidisciplinary teams and registry of hip fractures, which would help to improve attention.


الموضوعات
Humans , Female , Aged , Hip Fractures/therapy , Quality Indicators, Health Care , Mexico
9.
Rev. habanera cienc. méd ; 17(6): 943-948, nov.-dic. 2018. graf
مقالة ي الأسبانية | LILACS, CUMED | ID: biblio-991299

الملخص

Introducción: Las fracturas de cadera son muy frecuentes en el anciano, la primera fase de consolidación de una fractura es el hematoma creado a este nivel, si éste se enriquece con células madre adultas autólogas podría disminuir el tiempo de consolidación de la fractura debido a la gran capacidad que tienen estas células para transformarse en otros tipos de tejido. Objetivo: Evidenciar las ventajas del implante de las células madre en un paciente con fractura reciente de cadera. Presentación del caso: paciente con fractura de cadera que se operó en las primeras 24 horas y que durante su intervención se le implantaron células monoculares (células madre) obtenidas de su pelvis. Conclusiones: Se demostró la factibilidad de dicho proceder y la buena evolución del paciente, sin complicaciones y una consolidación precoz(AU)


Introduction: Hip fractures are very common in the elderly. It is known that the first phase of fracture healing is a local hematoma, and if it is enriched with autologous stem cells, hip fracture healing time could be diminished due to the great capacity these cells have to turn into other types of tissues. Objective: To show the advantages of the stem cells implant in a patient with a hip fracture Case presentation: A patient with a hip fracture underwent surgery during the first 24 hours after fracture and during the surgical procedure, monocular stem cells obtained from his pelvis were implanted. Conclusions: The feasibility of the stem cells implant in a hip fracture without complications and earlier healing was demonstrated(AU)


الموضوعات
Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation/methods , Hip Fractures/therapy , Cell Transplantation
10.
Rev. méd. Hosp. José Carrasco Arteaga ; 9(2): 144-151, Julio 2017. Ilustraciones, Cuadros
مقالة ي الأسبانية | LILACS | ID: biblio-1010067

الملخص

INTRODUCCIÓN: La incidencia de fractura de cadera en el Ecuador se estima en 314 casos por 100.000 habitantes al año. El objetivo del presente estudio fue establecer la incidencia y factores de riesgo asociados a morbimortalidad en pacientes con diagnóstico de fractura de cadera. MÉTODO: Estudio retrospectivo y analítico de cohorte que estudió la incidencia y riesgo asociado a morbimortalidad. Se incluyeron todos los pacientes diagnosticados con fractura de cadera que fueron tratados en el Hospital de Especialidades José Carrasco Arteaga durante el año 2015. Para el análisis se utilizó la estadística básica descriptiva, chi-cuadrado y análisis de riesgo relativo con un intervalo de confianza al 95% (p: <0.05) para determinar significancia estadística. RESULTADOS: Se estudiaron 81 pacientes. Las complicaciones más frecuentes fueron: infección del sitio quirúrgico (13.58 %), neumonía (12.34 %) y fallo de osteosíntesis (9.87 %). La mortalidad general fue de 32.1 %. Los pacientes con dos o más complicaciones tuvieron casi dos veces más riesgo de fallecimiento (RR: 2.94; IC ­ 95 %: 1.78 ­ 4.85; p: 0.016), similar a lo observado en los pacientes con infección de la herida quirúrgica y/u osteomielitis (RR: 2.76; IC- 95 %: 1.60 ­ 4.79; p: 0.001) y en aquellos con diagnóstico de TEP (RR: 2.72; IC ­ 95 %: 1.48 ­ 4.97; p: 0.055). No se determinó asociación estadísticamente significativa entre la presencia de comorbilidades y desarrollo de complicaciones o fallecimiento. CONCLUSIÓN: El desarrollo de al menos una complicación duplica el riesgo de mortalidad y es aún mayor en los pacientes complicados con infección de la herida, osteomielitis y/o TEP; la presencia de dos o más complicaciones determina un riesgo 2 veces mayor de fallecimiento.(AU)


BACKGROUND: The incidence of hip fractures in Ecuador is around 314/100.000 people per year. The aim of this study was to establish the incidence and risk factors associated to morbidity and mortality in patients diagnosed with hip fracture. METHODS: This is a retrospective analytic-cohort research, it studied incidence and associated risks to morbidity and mortality. Patients diagnosed with hip fracture and treated at José Carrasco Arteaga Hospital during 2015 were included. Basic descriptive statistics, chi-square and relative risk (with 95% confidence interval) were used to analyze data. P value under 0.05 was used to determine statistical significance. RESULTS: 81 patients were part of the study. Most common complications were: surgical site infection (13.58 %), pneumonia (12.34 %) and osteosynthesis failure (9.87 %). General mortality reached 32.1 %. Patients with 2 or more complications had near double risk of death (RR: 2.94; 95 % - CI: 1.78 ­ 4.85; p: 0.016) as observed in those with surgical site infections or osteomyelitis (RR: 2.76; 95 % - CI: 1.60 ­ 4.79; p: 0.001) and in patients diagnosed with pulmonary embolism (RR: 2.72; 95 % - CI: 1.48 ­ 4.97; p: 0.055). Statistically significant association was not determined between presence of comorbidities and death or complications. CONCLUSION: Development of at least one complication after hip fracture duplicates death risk and is even higher in those patients with surgical site infections, osteomyelitis and/or pulmonary embolism; presence of two or more complications increased risk of death twice. (AU)


الموضوعات
Humans , Male , Female , Indicators of Morbidity and Mortality , Hip Fractures/complications , Hip Fractures/classification , Hip Fractures/therapy
11.
Rev. cuba. ortop. traumatol ; 27(2): 186-198, jul.-dic. 2013. ilus, tab
مقالة ي الأسبانية | LILACS, CUMED | ID: lil-701903

الملخص

Introducción: existe una gran variedad de sistemas de fijación interna para el tratamiento de las fracturas, por lo que es común que un fijador pueda ser utilizado en diferentes fracturas. Esto trae consigo, que no se sepa con exactitud cuál de los sistemas de fijación interna tendrá mejor comportamiento desde el punto de vista del estado tensional. Objetivo: analizar mediante elementos finitos, el comportamiento de los dispositivos de fijación interna placa DHS y placa a compresión dinámica, utilizados en el tratamiento de las fracturas de cadera. Métodos: el modelo de fémur se obtuvo con autorización del reservorio de modelos óseos del cuerpo humano: The finite element meshes repository of the international society of biomechanics y luego, una tomografía axial computarizada. En los cálculos, se tuvieron en cuenta la acción muscular y el peso corporal en la fase monopodal del ciclo de la marcha, se determinó el estado tensional y el número de ciclos en que los sistemas de fijación interna causaron fallas por fatiga. Resultados: los resultados más desfavorables se encontraron en la placa a compresión dinámica angulada a 130º ya que se alcanzaron los valores de tensiones más altos y el número de ciclos más bajo. Conclusiones: la placa a compresión dinámica angulada a 130º sufre roturas con frecuencia, de ahí que es conveniente utilizar la placa DHS en el tratamiento de la fractura de cadera 31B2.1, siempre que sea posible desde el punto de vista clínico(AU)


Introduction: due to the wide variety of internal fixation systems for the treatment of fractures, it is common practice that the same fixator is used for various fracture types. As a result, it is difficult to tell which of the internal fixation systems will perform better in terms of tensional status. Objective: applying the finite-element method, analyze the behavior of the internal fixation devices DHS plate and dynamic compression plate, used in the treatment of hip fractures. Methods: the model femur was obtained with authorization by the human bone model repository (International Society of Biomechanics FiniteElement Mesh Repository), and studied by computerized axial tomography. Estimations took into account both muscle action and body weight in the monopodal phase of the gait cycle. Determination was made of the tensional status and the number of cycles undergoing fatigue failure. Results: the most unfavorable results corresponded to the 130º-angled dynamic compression plate, which exhibited the highest tension values and the smallest number of cycles. Conclusions: the 130º-angled dynamic compression plate frequently breaks. Hence the advisability of using the DHS plate in the treatment of 31B2.1 hip fractures whenever it is clinically possible(AU)


Introduction: Il y a plusieurs systèmes de fixation interne pour la traitement des fractures, c'est pourquoi l'utilisation de fixateurs est très fréquente. Cela provoque des doutes au moment de choisir le système de fixation interne le plus efficace du point de vue tensionnel. Objectif: Le but de cette étude est d'analyser au moyen des éléments finis le comportement des appareils de fixation interne, tels que la plaque DHS (Dynamic Hip Screw) et la plaque à compression dynamique, utilisés dans le traitement des fracture de hanche. Méthodes: Le modèle du fémur est obtenu sous l'autorisation du réservoir de modèles osseux du corps humain: The finite element meshes repository of the International Society of Biomechanics, et puis une tomographie axiale informatisée. Dans les estimations, l'action musculaire et le poids corporel sont tenus en considération dans la phase d'appui du cycle de la marche, et l'état de tension et le nombre de cycles provoquant l'échec à cause de la fatigue sont déterminés. Résultats: La plaque à compression dynamique sous angle de 130° a eu les résultats les plus défavorables, puisque les valeurs de tension ont été les plus hautes et le nombre de cycles le plus bas. Conclusions: La plaque à compression dynamique sous angle de 130° se brise fréquemment, c'est pourquoi la plaque DHS est conseillée, dès que possible, dans le traitement clinique de la fracture de hanche 31B2.1(AU)


الموضوعات
Humans , Biomechanical Phenomena , Internal Fixators , Finite Element Analysis , Hip Fractures/therapy , Body Weight , Fatigue/etiology , Femur/diagnostic imaging
12.
Acta ortop. bras ; Acta ortop. bras;21(3): 175-178, maio-jun. 2013. ilus, tab
مقالة ي البرتغالية | LILACS | ID: lil-681808

الملخص

As fraturas proximais do fêmur em idosos representam um sério problema de saúde publica. O tratamento cirúrgico dessa fratura serve para reduzir as morbidades, juntamente com a fisioterapia pós-operatória. O objetivo foi realizar uma revisão sistemática sobre protocolos de fisioterapia no pós-operatório de fraturas proximais de fêmur em idosos. Foram selecionados ensaios clínicos controlados e randomizados, em idosos, dos últimos 10 anos, nos idiomas português e inglês. Foram encontrados 14 artigos na literatura. A fisioterapia tem um papel importante na recuperação funcional desses idosos. Nível de Evidência I, Revisão Sistemática de ECRC (Estudos clínicos randomizados e controlados).


The proximal femoral fractures in the elderly is a serious public health problem. Surgical treatment of this fracture are used to reduce morbidity, together with postoperative physical therapy. The objective was to conduct a systematic review of physical therapy protocols in postoperative for fractures of the proximal femur in elderly. We selected randomized controlled trials in elderly in the past 10 years, in Portuguese and English. There were 14 articles in the literature. Physical therapy has an important role in functional recovery of the elderly. Level of Evidence I, Systematic Review RCTs (Study results were homogenous).


الموضوعات
Humans , Male , Female , Middle Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Fracture Fixation, Internal , Femoral Fractures/rehabilitation , Femoral Fractures/therapy , Hip Fractures/rehabilitation , Hip Fractures/therapy , Clinical Protocols
13.
Ciudad de México; Centro Nacional de Excelencia Tecnológica en Salud; enero 13, 2013. 64 p. tab.(Guías de Práctica Clínica de Enfermería). (IMSS-603-13).
كتاب ي الأسبانية | LILACS, BDENF | ID: biblio-1037667

الملخص

Las fracturas de cadera constituyen un problema de salud pública, representan 9 de cada 10 fracturas en personas mayores de 60 años; afectando la autoestima, bienestar personal, familiar y social, aunado al coste económico y la incidencia en la mortalidad global en un 30% en los primeros 6 meses tras la lesión. Metodología: Con el propósito de estandarizar las intervenciones de enfermería en la atención del paciente adulto mayor con fractura de cadera, se formularon 6 preguntas clínicas a responder para determinar intervenciones de enfermería en la identificación de signos y síntomas, mejorar actividades básicas de la vida diaria, prevenir complicaciones secundarias al tratamiento quirúrgico, edad e inmovilidad; e intervenciones de colaboración en la rehabilitación inicial del paciente postoperado. Se realizó la búsqueda sistemática de documentos en base de datos electrónicos, para la selección de evidencias y recomendaciones, mismas que fueron gradadas con la escala modificada de Shekelle, Scottish Intercollegiate Guidelines Network, entre otras. Además se llevó a cabo una validación interna por pares y una revisión externa para su emisión final. Resultados: La búsqueda arrojo 70 documentos ( guías de práctica clínica, revisiones sistemáticas y revisiones narrativas) de los cuales fueron de utilidad 38; dichos documentos contestaron las preguntas clínicas con evidencias y recomendaciones de bajo a alto nivel. Conclusión: La guía recoge la mejor evidencia disponible al momento de su publicación para fundamentar las intervenciones de enfermería en la atención del adulto mayor con fractura de cadera. adulto mayor, fractura de cadera, enfermería, intervenciones.


Hip fractures are considered a public health problem and represent 9 out of 10 fractures in people older than 60 years old. This affects their self-esteem, personal, family and social welfare, adding along the economic cost and the impact of a 30% of mortality in the first 6 months after the injury.Methodology: In order to standardize nursing interventions in the care of elderly patients with hip fracture there were created six clinical questions to be responded. These determine nursing interventions by identifying the signs and symptoms, improving basic activities of the daily living, preventing secondary complications due to surgery, age and immobility and interventions that collaborate with initial rehabilitation of recent operated patients. A systematic search was preformed based on a electronic database for the selection of evidence and recommendation, same that were graded with a modified scale: Shekelle, Scottish Intercollegiate Guidelines Network, among others preformed. There was also preformed an internal validation by peers and an external review for the final publication.Results: The search yielded 70 scientific documents (clinical practice guidelines, systematic reviews and narrative reviews), of which 38 were useful. These documents answered the clinical questions with evidence and recommendation from low to high levels. Conclusion: The guide gathered the best evidence available till its publication to support nursing interventions in the care of the elderly with hip fracture. elderly, hip fracture, nursing interventions.


Antecedentes: As fraturas de quadril são um problema de saúde pública, representam 9 em cada 10 fraturas em pessoas com mais de 60 anos; afetando a auto-estima, pessoal, familiar e bem-estar social, juntamente com o custo económico e o impacto sobre a mortalidade global em 30% nos primeiros 6 meses após a lesão.Metodologia: A fim de padronizar as intervenções de enfermagem no cuidado de pacientes idosos com fratura de quadril, 6 questões clínicas para responder para determinar as intervenções de enfermagem na identificação de sinais e sintomas, melhorar as atividades básicas da vida diária foram feitas , prevenir complicações secundárias à cirurgia, idade e imobilidade; e intervenções de colaboração na reabilitação do paciente no pós-operatório inicial. a procura sistemática de documentos no banco de dados eletrônico para a seleção de provas e recomendações, mesmo que foram classificados com a escala modificada Shekelle, Scottish Intercollegiate Guidelines rede, entre outros realizados. Além disso, ele realizou uma validação interna por pares e avaliação externa para a emissão final.Resultados: A busca resultou em 70 documentos (diretrizes de prática clínica, revisões sistemáticas e revisões narrativas), dos quais 38 eram úteis; estes documentos responderam perguntas evidências clínicas e recomendações de baixo a alto nível.Conclusão: O guia abrange a melhor evidência disponível no momento da publicação para apoiar intervenções de enfermagem no cuidado de idosos com fratura de quadril. idoso, fratura de quadril, intervenções de enfermagem.


الموضوعات
Adult , Hip Fractures/diagnosis , Hip Fractures/nursing , Hip Fractures/mortality , Hip Fractures/psychology , Hip Fractures/rehabilitation , Hip Fractures/therapy
14.
Medisan ; 16(11): 1698-1706, nov. 2012.
مقالة ي الأسبانية | LILACS | ID: lil-660120

الملخص

Se realizó una intervención terapéutica en 81 adultos mayores con fractura de cadera, operados de urgencia en el Hospital Clinicoquirúrgico Docente Dr Ambrosio Grillo Portuondo de Santiago de Cuba, de enero del 2008 a igual mes del 2009, con vistas a determinar la efectividad del bloqueo 3 en 1 para aliviar el dolor en el período preoperatorio. Los pacientes fueron asignados aleatoriamente a 2 grupos de tratamiento: el de estudio (n=39), a cuyos integrantes se les aplicó el bloqueo 3 en 1 con bupivacaina a 0,5 por ciento, y el de control (n=42), al cual se le trató con metamizol por vía intramuscular (600 mg cada 8 horas). Utilizando una escala analógica visual, se midió el dolor al inicio del tratamiento, pasados 30 y 60 minutos, y cada 4 horas hasta completar 12. Se obtuvo un predominio del grupo etario de 60-79 años (51,2 por ciento) y el sexo femenino (58,0 por ciento), así como una disminución de la dolencia en el estado de reposo con el uso de ambos procedimientos terapéuticos. Igualmente, se logró alivio adecuado del dolor en los que recibieron bloqueo 3 en 1, de los cuales solo 5,1 por ciento requirió analgesia de rescate, de modo que esta técnica resultó efectiva para alcanzar el resultado deseado.


A therapeutic intervention was conducted in 81 older adults with hip fracture, who underwent emergency operation in Dr Ambrosio Grillo Portuondo Teaching Clinical Surgical Hospital of Santiago de Cuba, from January 2008 to January 2009 in order to determine the effectiveness of the 3-in-1 block for pain relief in the preoperative period. Patients were randomly assigned to two treatment groups: study group (n=39) in whom 3-in-1 block with 0.5 percent bupivacaine was administered, and control group (n=42), which was treated intramuscularly with metamizole (600 mg every 8 hours). Using a visual analogical scale pain was measured at the beginning of the treatment, after 30 and 60 minutes, and every 4 hours to complete 12. A prevalence of 60-79 (51.2 percent ) age group and female sex (58.0 percent ) was found, as well as a reduction of the disease at rest with both therapeutic procedures. Also, adequate pain relief was achieved in those that received 3-in-1 block, of them only 5.1% required rescue analgesia, so that this technique was effective to achieve the desired effect.


الموضوعات
Humans , Male , Adult , Female , Aged , Analgesia/methods , Neuromuscular Blockade/methods , Bupivacaine/therapeutic use , Dipyrone/therapeutic use , Hip Fractures/therapy , Secondary Care
15.
Rev. bras. ortop ; 47(1): 113-117, jan.-fev. 2012. ilus
مقالة ي البرتغالية | LILACS | ID: lil-624814

الملخص

O Sistema MINUS foi desenvolvido para ser um procedimento minimamente invasivo que usa implante cefalodiafisarioextramedular para o tratamento das fraturas transtrocanterianas do fêmur no idoso. O implante é constituído por um parafuso deslizante acoplado a uma placa adaptados para a técnica minimamente invasiva. O acesso cirúrgico tem aproximadamente três centímetros de extensão localizado na face lateral do quadril, abaixo da projeção do pequeno trocanter. Utiliza-se instrumental perfeitamente adaptado para o procedimento que necessita também do uso do intensificador de imagem, reduzindo assim o tempo cirúrgico e a taxa de sangramento. O objetivo deste estudo é apresentar um novo instrumental e implante, desenvolvido especificamente para o tratamento com técnica minimamente invasiva reduzindo a extensão do acesso cirúrgico convencional de 10 para três centímetros. Este novo implante recebeu o nome comercial de Sistema MINUS.


The MINUS system was developed as a minimally invasive procedure that uses a diaphyseal cephalic extramedullary implant for the treatment of transtrochanteral fractures of the femur in elderly patients. The implant consists of a sliding screw coupled to a plate adapted to the minimally invasive technique. The surgical access is approximately three centimeters in length located on the lateral surface of the hip, below the projection of the small trochanter. A perfectly adapted instrument was used for the procedure, which also requires the use of an image intensifier, reducing surgery time and rate of bleeding. The objective of this study is to present a new instrument and implant, developed specifically for treatment with the minimally invasive technique, reducing the length of the conventional surgical access from 10 to three centimetres. This new implant was given the commercial name of MINUS System.


الموضوعات
Bone Screws , Hip Fractures/therapy , Minimally Invasive Surgical Procedures
16.
Rev. cuba. med. gen. integr ; 27(1): 123-127, ene.-mar. 2011.
مقالة ي الأسبانية | LILACS | ID: lil-615471

الملخص

Se realizó la presentación de un caso que sufrió una fractura intertrocantérica del fémur derecho, sin resultado satisfactorio de la técnica quirúrgica aplicada. Se decidió tratamiento conservador, y tras rehabilitación domiciliaria, como secuela quedaron 3 cm de acortamiento en su miembro inferior derecho, por lo que se corrige la discrepancia del miembro inferior con elevación del calzado y realiza una marcha aceptable. Cuatro años después sufre una nueva caída y en esta ocasión presentó fractura intertrocantérica del fémur izquierdo, se decidió también un tratamiento conservador, y tras largo período de fisioterapia en su domicilio y después de la autorización para la marcha por el especialista, se nota el acortamiento de 3 cm en este caso del miembro inferior izquierdo, por lo que, suprimiendo la elevación del calzado derecho, se logra la corrección y una marcha aceptable con un banquillo


This is a case presentation related to an intertrochanteric fracture of right femur without a satisfactory result with the applied surgical technique. We choose to conservative treatment and after home rehabilitation, as sequela remains 3 cm shortening in its right lower extremity correcting the inferior extremity discrepancy rising the footwear waking in an acceptable way. Four years later he suffered a new fall and in this occasion also had a intertrochanteric fracture of left femur applying again a conservative treatment and after a long period of physiotherapy at home and after the specialist authorization to walk there is a 3 cm shortening of left inferior extremity and with abolition of right footwear rise, it is possible the correction and acceptable gait with the help of a walker


الموضوعات
Humans , Female , Aged, 80 and over , Hip Fractures/rehabilitation , Hip Fractures/therapy , Quality of Life/psychology
17.
Rev. bras. ortop ; 46(supl.1): 48-54, 2011. ilus, graf, tab
مقالة ي البرتغالية | LILACS | ID: lil-596378

الملخص

OBJETIVO: Avaliar o impacto que as fraturas transtrocanterianas produzem sobre a qualidade de vida de pacientes idosos, tratados cirurgicamente, durante o período de um ano de acompanhamento. MATERIAL E MÉTODO: Foram selecionados 73 idosos com fratura transtrocanterina, com idade igual ou superior a 65 anos de ambos os sexos. Foi aplicado questionário padronizado, para se obter informações quanto aos hábitos de vida, atividade física, funcionalidade, deambulação e estado cognitivo. Foram excluídos os óbitos ocorridos durante o estudo, pacientes que não deambulavam, com doenças neurológicas ou fraturas patológicas. RESULTADOS: A média de idade foi 80,17 ± 7,2, sendo 75 por cento do sexo feminino. Ao comparar as somatórias das atividades de vida diária (p=0,04) e instrumentais da vida diária (p=0,004), obtidas na pré e pós-fratura, os pacientes tornaram-se mais dependentes pós-fratura. Atividades de vida diária que apresentaram piora pós-fratura foram: tomar banho (p=0,04), ir ao banheiro (p=0,02) e vestir-se (p=0,04). Todas as atividades instrumentais da vida diária apresentaram diferença significativa, apresentando maior dependência funcional pós-fratura, assim como aumento da necessidade de auxílio a deambulação (p=0,00002), idade avançada (p=0,01) e não realizar atividades domésticas (p=0,01). A baixa pontuação no teste Minimental estava associada com uma maior dependência para realizar as atividades da vida diária na pré-fratura (p=0,00002) e pós-fratura (p=0,01). CONCLUSÃO: Após um ano, as atividades de vida diária que dependiam dos membros inferiores pioraram significativamente, todas as atividades instrumentais de vida diária apresentaram piora significativa em mais de 50 por cento dos pacientes e mais da metade dos pacientes que andavam sem apoio perderam esta capacidade.


OBJECTIVE: Evaluate the impact that trochanteric hip fractures produce on life quality of elderly patients, treated surgically, during one year of monitoring. METHODS: Were selected 73 elderly with transtrochanteric femur fracture, aged equal or over than 65 years and of both sexes. All participants underwent a standardized questionnaire which obtained information on lifestyle habits, functionality, physical activity, ambulation and cognitive state. Were excluded patients who died, not walking, with neurological diseases and pathological fractures. RESULTS: The average age was 80.17 ± 7.2 years and 75 percent was female. When comparing the summation of activities of daily living (p = 0.04) and instrumental daily living (p = 0.004) obtained before and after fracture, the patients become more dependent after fracture. Activities of daily living that worsened after fracture were bathing (p = 0.04), toileting (p = 0.02) and dressing (p = 0.04). All instrumental activities of daily living showed a significant difference, with functional dependence after fracture, increased need for walking aid (p = 0.00002), aged (p = 0.01) and not doing housework (p = 0.01). The low score on the test Minimental was associated with a greater dependence to perform activities of daily living before (p = 0.00002) and after (p = 0.01) fracture. CONCLUSION: After a year, activities of daily living that depended on the lower limbs worsened significantly, all instrumental activities of daily living were significantly worse in more than 50 percent of patients and more than half of patients who walked without support lost this ability.


الموضوعات
Humans , Male , Female , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Activities of Daily Living , Dependent Ambulation , Hip Fractures/surgery , Hip Fractures/rehabilitation , Hip Fractures/therapy , Hip Fractures , Quality of Life , Sickness Impact Profile
18.
KMJ-Kuwait Medical Journal. 2010; 42 (4): 324-327
ي الانجليزية | IMEMR | ID: emr-125780

الملخص

We report a case of post-traumatic posterior hip dislocation and fracture associated with ipsilateral intertrochanteric fracture and sciatic nerve palsy in a young adult. Initial treatment consisted of traction and resuscitation. After failure of closed reduction under general anesthesia, traction through Schanz screw in the neck of femur assisted by anterior capsulotomy to deliver the head of femur was done. Open reduction and internal fixation of intertrochanteric fracture with dynamic hip screw was performed. Skeletal traction through proximal tibia was applied for six weeks. Regular follow-up involved examinations to confirm concentric reduction and stability of the hip joint and assess union of the intertrochanteric fracture and posterior wall acetabulum fracture. Postoperative rehabilitation continued until sciatic nerved recovered over one year. Serial X-rays done for four years after injury did not detect any signs of avascular necrosis of the femoral head. Patient has returned to pre-injury level of daily activity


الموضوعات
Humans , Male , Hip Fractures/therapy , Sciatic Neuropathy/diagnosis , Adult , Fracture Fixation, Internal , Traction , Acetabulum
19.
Rev. bras. ortop ; 45(4): 355-362, 2010. ilus, tab
مقالة ي البرتغالية | LILACS | ID: lil-560750

الملخص

OBJETIVO: Estabelecer diretrizes para o tratamento das fraturas da cabeça femoral e determinar a melhor via de acesso nos casos tratados cirurgicamente. MÉTODOS: Avaliamos os resultados clínicos e radiográficos de 13 pacientes (13 fraturas) tratados cirurgicamente entre maio de 1986 e julho de 1996 no Departamento de Ortopedia e Traumatologia da Santa Casa de Misericórdia de São Paulo (SCMSP), Pavilhão "Fernandinho Simonsen". RESULTADOS: Entre as seis fraturas Pipkin 1, cinco foram submetidas à ressecção do fragmento, o que nos levou a quatro resultados excelentes e um bom, sendo este com fixação do fragmento. Três pacientes apresentaram fraturas Pipkin 2 e todas foram fixadas, observados dois excelentes resultados e um regular. Dois pacientes Pipkin 3 foram submetidos à artroplastia primária. Dos dois pacientes com lesão Pipkin 4, um foi tratado com redução e osteossíntese da fratura do acetábulo, sem abordar o fragmento da cabeça que estava bem reduzido e resultou em artrose precoce, e o outro foi submetido à artroplastia total como tratamento primário. CONCLUSÃO: Concluímos após comparação da revisão da literatura com a análise dos nossos casos, que o tratamento da fratura da cabeça femoral deve ser cirúrgico e a escolha da via de acesso vai depender do tipo de fratura.


OBJECTIVE: To establish guidelines for the treatment of femoral head fractures and to determine the best form of access in cases treated surgically. METHODS: We evaluated the clinical and radiological results of 13 patients (13 fractures) treated surgically, between May 1986 and July 1996, at the Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology at the Santa Casa de Misericórdia de São Paulo (SCMSP), Fernandinho Simonsen Pavillion. RESULTS: Among six Pipkin 1 fractures, five had resection of the fragment, resulting in four excellent and one good result. The good result had fixation of the fragment. All three Pipkin 2 fractures had fixation of the fragment, resulting in two excellent and one regular result. Two Pipkin 3 patients had primary arthroplasty. Among Two Pipkin 4 patients, one was treated with open reduction and internal fixation of the acetabulum, without addressing the head fragment that had reduced significantly, resulting in early arthrosis, and the other patient was treated with primary total hip replacement. CONCLUSION: Upon comparing the literature review and our patients' treatment results, we concluded that the femoral head fracture treatment must be surgical and that the choice surgical access depends on the type of fracture.


الموضوعات
Humans , Male , Female , Adolescent , Adult , Middle Aged , Femur Head/injuries , Fracture Fixation , Fracture Healing , Hip Fractures/therapy
20.
Fisioter. Bras ; 10(1): 49-53, jan.-fev. 2009.
مقالة ي البرتغالية | LILACS | ID: lil-546501

الملخص

As fraturas intertrocantéricas do fêmur ocorrem normalmente na população idosa e o número de novas fraturas cresce devido ao aumento na expectativa de vida. O objetivo deste estudo foi realizar uma revisão sobre aspectos epidemiológicos de prevenção e reabilitação das fraturas intertrocantéricas do fêmur no idoso. Foi realizada uma revisão da literatura de artigos em português, inglês e espanhol, dos últimos 10 anos, sobre a incidência, fatores de risco, prevenção, tratamento, taxa de mortalidade e morbidade das fraturas intertrocantéricas do fêmur. As fraturas do quadril são consideradas atualmente como um problema de saúde pública e a segunda principal causa de hospitalização do idoso, o que provoca aumento nos gastos com os serviços de saúde. Apesar da constante evolução do tratamento cirúrgico, as taxas de morbidade e mortalidade continuam elevadas. No primeiro ano pós-fratura a expectativa de vida reduz de 15 por cento a 20 por cento e a taxa de mortalidade pode chegar a 50 por cento. Vários fatores podem predispor o idoso a apresentar a fratura intertrocantérica, como a osteoporose, diminuição da acuidade visual, menopausa, dentre outros. A visão multidisciplinar envolvendo a atenção de outros especialistas além do ortopedista é de fundamental importância para a boa evolução clínica dos pacientes.


The intertrochanteric fractures of the femur occur normally in aged population and the number of new fractures increases due to rise in life expectancy. The aim of this study was to carry out a revision about epidemiological aspects of prevention and rehabilitation of intertrochanteric fractures in elderly people. A literature review of articles in Portuguese, English and Spanish, during the last 10 years, about the incidence, risk factors, prevention, treatment, mortality and morbidity of intertrochanteric fractures was carried out. The hip fractures are considered nowadays a problem of public health and the second leading cause of hospitalization in elderly population, increasing health services costs. Although the constant evolution of the surgical treatment, rates of mortality and morbidity is still high. In the first year after hip fractures life expectancy decreases from 15 percent to 20 percent and rates of mortality can reach 50 percent. Some factors can predispose the elderly population to develop intertrochanteric fractures: osteoporosis, reduction of visual acuity, menopause, among others. The multidisciplinary attention involving other specialists besides the orthopedists is very important for patients’ good clinical evolution.


الموضوعات
Accidental Falls , Hip Fractures/complications , Hip Fractures/pathology , Hip Fractures/prevention & control , Hip Fractures/rehabilitation , Hip Fractures/therapy , Health of the Elderly
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