الملخص
Aim: Root canal irrigation plays an important role in the debridement and disinfection of the root canal system. "The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of Carisolv TM , 1% sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) gel, and 1% NaOCl solution as root canal irrigants in deciduous anterior teeth." Materials and Methods: Thirty-six extracted deciduous anterior teeth were used. Root canals were flooded with NaOCl solution in Group A, NaOCl gel in Group B and Carisolv TM in Group C and incubated for 30 min. Scanning electron microscope photomicrographs of canal wall debris in the apical, middle and coronal thirds were scored. Results: The results showed that regardless of irrigation regime, canals were consistently cleaner in the coronal and middle thirds than in the apical thirds. NaOCl solution, NaOCl gel, and Carisolv TM had comparable activity at coronal third and middle third of root canals. At the apical third, NaOCl solution cleaned canals better than NaOCl gel and Carisolv TM . Carisolv TM cleaned debris better than NaOCl gel at the apical third. Conclusion: Carisolv TM can be used as an adjunct to root canal preparation.
الموضوعات
Cuspid/drug effects , Cuspid/ultrastructure , Dental Pulp Cavity/drug effects , Dental Pulp Cavity/ultrastructure , Dentin/drug effects , Dentin/ultrastructure , Gels , Glutamic Acid/therapeutic use , Humans , Incisor/drug effects , Incisor/ultrastructure , Leucine/therapeutic use , Lysine/therapeutic use , Materials Testing , Microscopy, Electron, Scanning , Root Canal Irrigants/administration & dosage , Root Canal Irrigants/therapeutic use , Smear Layer , Sodium Hypochlorite/administration & dosage , Sodium Hypochlorite/therapeutic use , Solutions , Time Factors , Tooth Apex/drug effects , Tooth Apex/ultrastructure , Tooth, Deciduous/drug effects , Tooth, Deciduous/ultrastructureالملخص
Considering that instrumentation of the apical foramen has been suggested for root canal infection control, this study analyzed the relationship between the files that bind at the apical foramen and the foraminal openings in 50 maxillary central incisors. After preparation of the pulp chamber, access to the canal was obtained with #1 and 2 LA Axxess and K-files with tip cut were inserted up to the apical foramen until binding was felt. The files were fixed with methyl cyanoacrylate and the tooth-file sets were cross-sectioned 10 mm short of the apex. Scanning electron microscopic analysis was carried out and files and foraminal areas were measured using Image Tool software. Statistically significant difference (p<0.0001) was found between files and the apical foraminal areas. The mean foraminal area was 3.8 times larger than the mean file area. The results of this study suggest that it would require 4 files of greater size beyond the one that bound to the foramen in order to allow a better relationship between files and apical openings of maxillary central incisors.
Uma vez que a instrumentação do forame apical tem sido sugerida para o controle de infecção do canal radicular, este estudo analisou a relação entre as limas que se ajustam no forame apical e a abertura foraminal em cinquenta incisivos centrais superiores. Após o preparo da câmara pulpar, foi feito o acesso radicular com as brocas LA Axxess #1 e 2 e limas K com a ponta cortada foram inseridas até que oferecessem a sensação tátil de ajuste no forame apical. Foram fixadas com cianoacrilato de metila e o conjunto dente-lima foi seccionado a 10 mm aquém do ápice. Foi feita a microscopia eletrônica de varredura e as áreas das limas e dos forames foram medidas por meio do Image Tool software. A análise estatística demonstrou diferença significante entre as áreas das limas e dos forames (p<0,0001). A média da área dos forames apicais foi 3,8 vezes maior que a das limas. Os resultados deste estudo sugerem que seriam necessários 4 instrumentos de calibre maior além do que se ajustou para que haja melhor relação entre as limas e as aberturas foraminais nos incisivos centrais superiores.
الموضوعات
Humans , Dental Pulp Cavity/ultrastructure , Incisor/ultrastructure , Maxilla/ultrastructure , Root Canal Preparation/instrumentation , Tooth Apex/ultrastructure , Cyanoacrylates/chemistry , Equipment Design , Microscopy, Electron, Scanning , Plastic Embedding , Radiography, Bitewing , Root Canal Preparation/methods , Surface Properties , Tissue Fixationالملخص
This study evaluated the influence of the cementation system on the regional push-out bond strength and failure pattern of fiber posts to radicular dentin. The roots of 48 extracted human incisors were prepared and divided into 3 groups (n=16), according to the cementation system: AdperScotchbond Multi-Purpose + resin cement RelyX ARC (SBMP+ARC); Adper SingleBond 2 + RelyX ARC (SB+ARC) and; RelyX U100 self-adhesive resin cement (U100). The posts were cemented as per manufacturer’s instructions for each cementation system. After 1 week, the roots were sectioned transversely into 6 discs. Two discs were obtained from the cervical, middle and apical thirds and the push-out test was carried out. The failure pattern was examined on all debonded specimens. The data were analyzed by two-way repeated measures ANOVA and Tukey’s test. When U100 was used, no statistically significant difference (p>0.05) was observed among the different root regions. Statistically higher push-out bond strength values were detected in the cervical third for SBMP+ARC and SB+ARC (p<0.05). The U100 showed significantly more mixed failures than SBMP+ARC in the apical third (p<0.05). In conclusion, the self-adhesive cement RelyX U100 was the only cement not sensitive to the root canal region.
Esse estudo avaliou a influência do sistema de cimentação na resistência de união regional e os padrões de fratura de pinos de fibra à dentina radicular. As raízes de 48 incisivos humanos extraídos foram preparadas e divididas em 3 grupos (n=16) de acordo com o sistema de cimentação: AdperScotchbond Multi-Purpose + cimento resinoso RelyX ARC (SBMP+ARC); AdperSingle Bond 2 + RelyX ARC (SB+ARC) e cimento resinoso autoadesivo RelyX U100 (U100). Os pinos foram cimentados conforme as recomendações dos fabricantes para cada sistema de cimentação. Após uma semana, as raízes foram seccionadas transversalmente em 6 discos. Dois discos foram obtidos para os terços coronário, médio e apical e o teste de push-out foi realizado. O padrão de fratura foi avaliado em todos os espécimes. Os dados obtidos foram analisados através dos testes ANOVA dois fatores e Tukey. Quando o cimento U100 foi testado, não foram observadas diferenças significativas (p>0,05) entre as diferentes regiões radiculares. Valores de resistência de união significativamente superiores foram encontrados no terço coronário para SBMP+ARC e SB+ARC (p<0,05). O U100 apresentou significativamente mais fraturas mistas que o SBMP+ARC no terço apical (p<0,05). Conclui-se que o cimento resinoso autoadesivo RelyX U100 foi o único cimento não afetado pela região do canal radicular.
الموضوعات
Humans , Cementation/methods , Dental Bonding , Dental Pulp Cavity/ultrastructure , Dentin/ultrastructure , Post and Core Technique/instrumentation , Resin Cements/chemistry , Acid Etching, Dental/methods , Bisphenol A-Glycidyl Methacrylate/chemistry , Dental Prosthesis Retention , Dental Materials/chemistry , Dental Stress Analysis/instrumentation , Dentin-Bonding Agents/chemistry , Glass/chemistry , Incisor/ultrastructure , Materials Testing , Polyethylene Glycols/chemistry , Polymethacrylic Acids/chemistry , Root Canal Preparation/methods , Stress, Mechanical , Surface Properties , Temperature , Time Factors , Tooth Apex/ultrastructureالملخص
This study evaluated the effect of 980-nm diode laser on apical microleakage and intraradicular dentin morphology. Roots of 110 mandibular incisors were used in the study: 92 for microleakage test and 18 for scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Roots were randomly assigned to 3 groups according to the irrigating solution (water, NaOCl and NaOCl/EDTA) and were divided into 3 subgroups according to the laser irradiation protocol (without irradiation, irradiated at 1.5 W and irradiated at 3.0 W). Two specimens of each subgroup were prepared for SEM. The remaining roots were filled with AH Plus and gutta-percha. Apical leakage was assessed by ink penetration and data were analyzed statistically by ANOVA and Tukey-Krammer test (α=0.05). SEM analysis showed intensification of changes with increase of laser power as well as variations according to the irrigating solution. Modified smear layer was observed in specimens treated with water and irradiated with laser. Roots irrigated with NaOCl/EDTA had lower levels of infiltration (0.17 ± 0.18 mm) differing significantly (p<0.05) from those of roots irrigated with water (0.34 ± 0.30 mm), but similar (p>0.05) to those irrigated with NaOCl (0.28 ± 0.29 mm). Non-irradiated roots had lower levels of infiltration (0.10 ± 0.14 mm), differing (p<0.05) from those irradiated at 1.5 W (0.32 ± 0.22 mm) and 3.0 W (0.37 ± 0.32 mm). The 980 nm diode laser modified dentin morphology and increased apical microleakage.
Este estudo avaliou o efeito do laser de diodo 980 nm na microinfiltração apical e na morfologia intrarradicular da dentina. Raízes de 110 incisivos inferiores foram utilizadas no estudo: 92 para o teste de microinfiltração e 18 para microscopia eletrônica de varredura (MEV). As raízes foram divididas em 3 grupos de acordo com a solução irrigante (água, NaOCl e NaOCl/EDTA) e subdivididas em 3 de acordo com a irradiação laser (sem irradiação, irradiados com 1,5 W e irradiados com 3,0 W). Duas amostras de cada subgrupo foram preparadas para MEV. As raízes restantes foram preenchidas com AH Plus e guta percha. A infiltração apical foi avaliada nas raízes por meio da penetração do corante e os dados foram analisados por ANOVA e teste de Tukey-Krammer (α=0,05). Os resultados da MEV mostraram intensificação das mudanças quando se aumentou a potência do laser e variações de acordo com a solução irrigadora. Camada de smear modificada foi observada em espécimes tratados com água e irradiados com laser. Raízes irrigadas com NaOCl/EDTA tiveram níveis menores de infiltração (0,17 ± 0,18 mm) estatisticamente diferente (p<0,05) das raízes irrigadas com água (0,34 ± 0,30 mm), mas semelhante (p>0,05) aos irrigados com NaOCl (0,28 ± 0,29 mm). As raízes não irradiadas tiveram níveis menores de infiltração (0,10 ± 0,14 mm), diferente (p<0,05) de 1,5 W (0,32 ± 0,22 mm) e 3.0 W (0,37 ± 0,32 mm). O laser de diodo 980 nm alterou a morfologia da dentina e aumentou a infiltração marginal apical.
الموضوعات
Humans , Dental Leakage/classification , Dental Pulp Cavity/radiation effects , Dentin/radiation effects , Lasers, Semiconductor/therapeutic use , Tooth Apex/radiation effects , Coloring Agents , Cuspid/radiation effects , Cuspid/ultrastructure , Dental Bonding , Dental Pulp Cavity/ultrastructure , Dentin/ultrastructure , Edetic Acid/therapeutic use , Epoxy Resins/therapeutic use , Gutta-Percha/therapeutic use , Incisor/radiation effects , Incisor/ultrastructure , Materials Testing , Microscopy, Electron, Scanning , Radiation Dosage , Root Canal Filling Materials/therapeutic use , Root Canal Irrigants/therapeutic use , Root Canal Preparation/methods , Smear Layer , Sodium Hypochlorite/therapeutic use , Tooth Apex/ultrastructure , Waterالملخص
OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to examine if there are qualitative differences in the appearance of external root resorption patterns of primary teeth undergoing physiologic resorption and permanent teeth undergoing pathological root resorption in different conditions. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A total of 40 teeth undergoing external root resorption in different conditions were divided into 4 groups and prepared for examination under scanning electron microscopy at magnifications ranging from 20x to 1000x. Group I: 10 primary molars exfoliated due to physiologic root resorption; Group II: 10 permanent teeth with periapical granulomas showing signs of resorption; Group III:10 permanent teeth therapeutically extracted during the course of orthodontic therapy with evidence of resorption, and Group IV: 10 permanent teeth associated with odontogenic tumors that showed evidence of resorption. RESULTS: In Group I, the primary teeth undergoing resorption showed smooth extensive and predominantly regular areas reflecting the slow ongoing physiologic process. In Group II, the teeth with periapical granulomas showed the resorption was localized to apex with a funnel shaped appearance in most cases. Teeth in Group III, which had been subjected to a short period of light orthodontic force, showed the presence of numerous resorption craters with adjoining areas of cemental repair in some cases. Teeth associated with odontogenic tumors in Group IV showed many variations in the patterns of resorption with extensive loss of root length and a sharp cut appearance of the root in most cases. CONCLUSION: Differences were observed in the patterns of external root resorption among the studied groups of primary and permanent teeth under physiologic and pathological conditions.
الموضوعات
Humans , Microscopy, Electron, Scanning , Root Resorption/pathology , Tooth Root/ultrastructure , Ameloblastoma/pathology , Bicuspid/ultrastructure , Dental Cementum/ultrastructure , Dental Pulp/ultrastructure , Dentin/ultrastructure , Incisor/ultrastructure , Molar/ultrastructure , Orthodontics, Corrective , Periapical Granuloma/pathology , Periapical Tissue/ultrastructure , Tooth Apex/ultrastructure , Tooth Exfoliation/pathology , Tooth, Deciduous/ultrastructureالملخص
O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a microinfiltração em restaurações diretas e indiretas em resina composta por meio de estereomicroscopia e microscopia eletrônica de varredura (MEV). Trinta incisivos bovinos foram lixados de forma a produzir uma plataforma incisal, simulando a face oclusal de um molar humano. Cada dente recebeu dois preparos proximais com 8º e término cervical em esmalte ou dentina. Uma cavidade foi restaurada pela técnica direta com Filtek Z250/Single Bond, e a outra pela técnica indireta com Solidex/RelyX ARC/Single Bond. As amostras foram armazenadas em água a 37°C por 24 horas e então imersas em solução de 50% de nitrato de prata por 6 horas em recipiente escuro. As amostras foram lavadas em água corrente, imersas em solução reveladora e expostas à luz fluorescente por 12 horas. Os dentes foram seccionados para avaliação da penetração do marcador em lupa estereoscópica e MEV. Não houve diferença entre as técnicas direta e indireta para o término em esmalte, porém, para o término em dentina, a técnica indireta resultou em menor infiltração. MEV mostrou infiltração similar à da lupa estereoscópica. A análise por meio de lupa estereoscópica e MEV melhora a avaliação da microinfiltração.
الموضوعات
Animals , Cattle , Composite Resins/standards , Dental Cavity Preparation/standards , Dental Leakage/diagnosis , Dentin-Bonding Agents/chemistry , Dentin/ultrastructure , Inlays/methods , Analysis of Variance , Composite Resins/chemistry , Dental Leakage/prevention & control , Dentin-Bonding Agents/standards , Dentin/chemistry , Incisor/chemistry , Incisor/ultrastructure , Inlays/standards , Light , Microscopy, Electron, Scanning , Microscopy/methods , Statistics, Nonparametric , Waterالملخص
Os autores analisaram a resistência radicular à fratura, comparando quatro tipos diferentes de retentores intra-radicular (fundidos e pré-fabricados). Os resultados mostraram que o sistema Tadix-Anker foi o que apresentou a maior resistência, seguido dos pinos fundidos e do sistema Luminex 2000. Na análise dos resultados, observou-se uma diferença estatisticamente significante ao nível de 5 por cento comparados os grupos Radix-Anker e Liminex
الموضوعات
In Vitro Techniques , Post and Core Technique , Tensile Strength , Dental Stress Analysis , Incisor/ultrastructure , Prosthesis Failure , Root Canal Therapy , Tooth, Nonvitalالملخص
Vinte dentes unirradiculados extraídos foram instumentados e obturados pela técnica híbrida de Tagger. Foram comparadas as radiografias processadas logo após a condensaçäo lateral do terço apical, com aquelas realizadas depois do emprego dos compactadores de McSpadden. Concluímos que o emprego adequado dos compactadores näo interferiu na obturaçäo do canal em seu terço apical
الموضوعات
In Vitro Techniques , Root Canal Obturation/methods , Radiography, Dental , Incisor/ultrastructureالملخص
The aim of this study was to compare in vitro the debridement ability of Canal Master and K-Files using scanning electron microscope. One hundred and twelve freshly extracted human upper central incisor teeth were divided into two groups of 56 each. One group was instrumented using Canal Master and another group was instrumented using K-Files. The teeth were sectioned longitudinally and examined under the SEM. Scanning electron micrographs were qualitatively and statistically analysed for the degree of cleanliness with regard to the presence of debris, smeared layer and patency of dentinal tubules in the apical third of each root canal. In order to determine whether there is a difference between the two instrumentation techniques, a chi-square test of equal proportions was used. This test gave a chi-square value of 24.19 (P < .001). Both the instrumentation techniques were ineffective in completely debriding the canals. However, the results showed that the Canal Master produced cleaner showing lesser debris than that produced by K-Files.
الموضوعات
Chi-Square Distribution , Debridement/instrumentation , Humans , Incisor/ultrastructure , Maxilla , Microscopy, Electron, Scanning , Photomicrography , Random Allocation , Root Canal Preparation/instrumentation , Smear Layer , Surface Propertiesالملخص
Superfícies dentinárias do canal radicular de incisivos centrais superiores (dentes humanos) foram estudados com o auxílio de microscopia eletrônica de varredura. Para a observação, os dentes foram seccionados e fraturados longitudinalmente. A desidratação foi feita em etanol, seguido de secagem, cobertura com íons de ouro e análise ao microscopio eletrônico de varredura. Os resultados mostram que a superfície dentinária do canal radicular de incisivos centrais superiores apresenta numerosos forames de túbulos dentinários. Os forames possuem diâmetros variáveis, sendo que os menores são de 1 a 2 µm e os maiores de 2,5 a 4 µm. A superfície da dentina intertubular possui uma disposição em forma de linhas sucessivas