الملخص
Introducción: la etiología de las maloclusiones se encuentra relacionada a factores genéticos y ambientales, siendo relevantes los hábitos lesivos orales en ella; por lo que en un concepto de Salud Integral de los niños, debemos contar no solo con el rol activo preventivo del odontólogo sino también de pediatra. Método: crear guía clínico práctica para médicos pediatras, que permitan identificar sistemáticamente hábitos no fisiológicos vinculados a maloclusiones. Resultado: el pediatra con los conocimientos básicos podrá elaborar revisiones preventivas durante los controles periódicos de rutina. Discusión: considerar la atención en equipo multidisciplinario, con énfasis en la prevención, punto donde todo el equipo de salud debe contribuir. Conclusiones: consideramos que los efectos sobre el crecimiento y desarrollo provocados por hábitos lesivos orales/funciones no fisiológicas tendrán mayor o menor repercusión según la edad en que se inicia el hábito. Si actuamos de manera temprana tendremos más posibilidades de modificar el patrón de crecimiento de los maxilares y el desarrollo de los arcos dentarios. Se impone entonces un interrogatorio y examen funcional precoz y sistemático para la detección de desviaciones y trastornos funcionales en niños, así como enfocar los tratamientos desde equipos multidisciplinarios (odontólogo, pediatra, fonoaudiólogo, otorrinolaringólogo, psicólogo) y alcanzar resultados de excelencia.
Introduction: the etiology of malocclusions is related to genetic and environmental factors, and oral injurious habits are relevant in it; therefore, in a concept of integral health of children, we should count not only on the active preventive role of the dentist but also of the pediatrician. Method: to create a practical clinical guide for pediatricians that will allow the systematic identification of non-physiological habits linked to malocclusions. Result: the pediatrician with basic knowledge will be able to elaborate preventive check-ups during routine periodic check-ups. Discussion: consider multidisciplinary team care, with emphasis on prevention, a point to which the entire health team should contribute. Conclusions: we consider that the effects on growth and development caused by harmful oral habits/non-physiological functions will have greater or lesser repercussions depending on the age at which the habit begins. If we act early we will have more possibilities of modifying the growth pattern of the jaws and the development of the dental arches. Therefore, an early and systematic interrogation and functional examination is necessary to detect deviations and functional disorders in children, as well as to focus the treatments from multidisciplinary teams (dentist, pediatrician, speech therapist, otorhinolaryngologist, psychologist) and achieve excellent results.
Introdução: a etiologia das más oclusões está relacionada a fatores genéticos e ambientais, e hábitos orais nocivos são relevantes para ela; portanto, em um conceito de saúde integral das crianças, devemos confiar não apenas no papel ativo preventivo do dentista, mas também no do pediatra. Método: criar um guia clínico prático para que os pediatras identifiquem sistematicamente os hábitos não fisiológicos ligados às más oclusões. Resultado: o pediatra com conhecimentos básicos será capaz de desenvolver check-ups preventivos durante check-ups periódicos de rotina. Discussão: considerar os cuidados de equipe multidisciplinar, com ênfase na prevenção, um ponto para o qual toda a equipe de saúde deve contribuir. Conclusões: consideramos que os efeitos no crescimento e desenvolvimento causados por hábitos orais nocivos/ funções não-fisiológicas terão maiores ou menores repercussões dependendo da idade em que o hábito começa. Se agirmos cedo, teremos mais chances de modificar o padrão de crescimento das mandíbulas e o desenvolvimento dos arcos dentários. O questionamento precoce e sistemático e o exame funcional são, portanto, necessários para a detecção de desvios e distúrbios funcionais em crianças, assim como a aproximação de tratamento de equipes multidisciplinares (dentista, pediatra, fonoaudiólogo, otorrinolaringologista, psicólogo) e a obtenção de excelentes resultados.
الموضوعات
Humans , Child , Stomatognathic System/injuries , Dental Care for Children/standards , Habits , Malocclusion/diagnosis , Early Diagnosis , Malocclusion/etiology , Malocclusion/prevention & controlالملخص
Introdução:A maloclusão é considerada a segunda doença oral mais comum em crianças e jovens adultos. É importante saber identificar estas alterações de forma a permitir um adequado desenvolvimento da oclusão.O diagnóstico de um desenvolvimento anormal na dentição decídua é relevante para a prevenção e quando necessáriouma intervenção precoce. Objetivo:O objetivo deste estudo transversal foi avaliar a prevalênciade maloclusão em crianças com dentição decídua e relacionar com diferentes parâmetros.Metodologia:Observaram-se 300 crianças de ambos os sexos, com idades compreendidas entre os 3 e os 6 anos. A recolha de dados foi realizada a partir do exame clínico comkits de observação(espelho bucal básico descartável,sonda descartável, babador,luvas e sacos descartáveis), sob luz natural e na cadeira escolar, no Agrupamento de Escolas de Porto de Mós, Distrito Sanitário de Leiria. Analisaram-se as seguintes características: Tipo de arco de Baume, espaços primatas, diastemas, apinhamento, relação distal dos segundos molares decíduos, relação canina, sobremordida e sobressaliência, mordida anterior e posterior.Resultados:A prevalência de maloclusão registradafoi de 67,7%, verificando-se ser mais baixa aos seis anos, sem apresentar diferenças significativas em ambos os sexos. A sobressaliência foi a maloclusão mais prevalente (42,7%) nas crianças observadas, seguida da mordida aberta anterior (23,3%). Registrou-seumaelevada prevalência de maloclusão nas crianças com arco de Baume tipo II, sem diastemas ou espaços primatas, com apinhamento, degrau distal, classe II canina ou desvio da linha média para a direita.Conclusões:Verificou-se existir uma elevada prevalência de maloclusão nas crianças do agrupamento de escolas do Concelhode Porto de Mós, estando relacionada com diferentes parâmetros oclusais (AU).
Introduction:Malocclusion is considered a second mostcommon oral disease in children and young adults. It is important to know how to identify these changes in order to allow proper development of the occlusion.The diagnosis of anabnormal development in primary dentition is relevant for prevention and when necessary, early intervention.Objective:The aim of this cross sectional study was to evaluate the prevalence of malocclusion in children with deciduous dentition and relate this prevalence with sex, age and with different occlusal parameters.Methodology:300 children of both sexes, aged between 3 and 6 years were observed. Data collection was carried out from the clinical examination using observation kits, in schools, in the Group of schools of Porto de Mós, Health District of Leiria. The following characteristics were analyzed: Baume arc Type, spaces, diastemas, crowding, the deciduous second molars distal relation, canine relationship, Overbite and overjet, anterior and posterior bite.Results:The recorded prevalence of malocclusion was 67.7%, was lower at six years old, without any differences in both sexes. The overjet was the most prevalent malocclusion (42.7%) in the observed children. There was a high prevalence of malocclusion in children with type II Baume arch, without spaces or primate spaces, with distal step, canine class II or with the middle line shifted to the right.Conclusions:There there was a high prevalence of malocclusion in children of the schools in the municipality of Porto de Mós, and is related to the different occlusal parameters (AU).
Introducción: La maloclusión se considera la segunda enfermedad bucal más común en niños y adultos jóvenes. Es importanteidentificar estos cambios para llograr un adecuado desarrollo de la oclusión. El diagnóstico precoz deldesarrollo anormal en la dentición temporal es relevante para la prevención y cuando sea necesario una intervención temprana. Objetivo: El objetivo de este estudio transversal fue evaluar la prevalencia de maloclusión en niñoscon dentición temporal y relacionarla con diferentes parámetros. Metodología: Fueran observados 300 niños de ambos sexos, con edadesentre los 3 y los 6 años. La recogida de datos del examen clínico se realizó mediante kits de observación, en un entorno escolar, en el Grupo Escolar dePorto de Mós, Distrito Sanitariode Leiria. Se analizaron las siguientes características: tipo de arco de Baume, espaciosprimates, diastemas, apiñamientos, relación distal de los segundos molares deciduos, relación canina, sobremordida horizontal y vertical, mordida anterior y posterior. Resultados: La prevalencia de maloclusión registrada fue de 67,7%, la cual resultó ser menor a los seis años, sin mostrar diferencias significativas en ambos sexos. El overjet fue la maloclusión más prevalente (42,7%) en los niños observados, seguida de la mordida abierta anterior (23,3%). Hubo una alta prevalencia de maloclusión en niños con arco de Baume tipo II, sin diastemas ni espacios de primates, con apiñamiento, paso distal, canino clase II o desviación de la línea media hacia la derecha.Conclusiones: Se encontró que hayuna alta prevalencia de maloclusión en niños dela comunidad escolar del municipio de Porto de Mós, y que se relaciona,con diferentes parámetros oclusales (AU).
الموضوعات
Humans , Male , Female , Child, Preschool , Child , Portugal/epidemiology , Tooth, Deciduous , Child , Malocclusion/prevention & control , Chi-Square Distribution , Epidemiology, Descriptive , Cross-Sectional Studies/methods , Statistics, Nonparametric , Dental Occlusionالملخص
A Epidemiologia tornou-se um ramo da ciência muito utilizado para a verificação das necessidades da população, o planejamento de ações e a organização dos serviços em saúde. Para isso, primeiramente, é fundamental realizar o diagnóstico situacional, a partir de dados específicos, em busca da compreensão e atuação sobre os problemas de saúde encontrados em coletividade. As oclusopatias têm sido uma das condições bucais mais prevalentes e, em consequência, houve o crescimento da demanda por tratamento ortodôntico. Nesta perspectiva, índices oclusais foram elaborados para medir a ocorrência das oclusopatias tendo em vista a priorização da necessidade de tratamento. O conhecimento da temática em escala global permitiu uma visão ampliada do problema e das estratégias desenvolvidas em saúde bucal. Neste contexto, a presente pesquisa teve os seguintes objetivos: 1) realizar uma revisão sistemática das evidências científicas existentes sobre a prevalência da necessidade de tratamento ortodôntico em adolescentes na faixa etária de 12 à 15 anos de idade; 2) investigar a prevalência das oclusopatias e a necessidade normativa de tratamento ortodôntico em adolescentes de 12 anos de idade. Na revisão sistemática foram incluídos trabalhos nacionais e internacionais publicados nas bases de dados Cochrane, Embase, Portal Regional da Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde (BVS), PubMed, Scientific Electronic Library Online (Scielo), Scopus e Web of Science (WOS). A busca inicial não se limitou a nenhum filtro disponível nas bases de dados e utilizou os seguintes descritores: prevalence, epidemiology, malocclusion, index orthodontic treatment need, child e adolescent. Termos utilizados na literatura científica também foram empregados: orthodontic treatment need, index for need of orthodontic treatment, index of orthodontic treatment needs, IOTN index, dental aesthetic index e DAI index. Foram incluídas publicações que avaliaram a prevalência da necessidade de tratamento ortodôntico em adolescentes entre 12 à 15 anos de idade utilizando o Índice de Estética Dentária (DAI) e/ou Índice de Necessidade de Tratamento Ortodôntico (IOTN) em estudos epidemiológicos transversais, sem restrições de ano do periódico e idioma. Do total de artigos encontrados (n=2255), 525 estudos permaneceram após a remoção por duplicidade. Os títulos e resumos destas publicações foram avaliados e aplicando os critérios de exclusão, selecionou-se 38 artigos. Para elegibilidade, os critérios de inclusão foram empregados e 11 estudos foram eleitos. Os textos completos destas publicações foram obtidos para leitura e análise da qualidade metodológica. Com relação aos achados da necessidade de tratamento ortodôntico global, houve variabilidade nos resultados, mas observou-se que a prevalência foi considerada alta. Quanto às ações desenvolvidas, foram sugeridas a educação em saúde bucal para os adolescentes e pais com foco na prevenção e no tratamento interceptativo precoce das oclusopatias, bem como, inserção da ortodontia nos programas de saúde com a implantação de mais centros especializados. A segunda etapa desta pesquisa consistiu em um estudo observacional e transversal, realizado com 461 adolescentes de 12 anos de idade, matriculados em escolas públicas de um município de médio porte do Estado de São Paulo. A oclusão e a necessidade de tratamento ortodôntico foram avaliadas por meio da Classificação de Angle e do DAI. Os dados foram analisados utilizando estatística descritiva e as distribuições absolutas e percentuais das variáveis categóricas foram tabuladas. A verificação da associação entre os resultados dos exames clínicos para diagnóstico de oclusopatias utilizando a Classificação de Angle e o DAI foi realizada por meio do teste G, adotando-se um nível de significância de 5%. O processamento e a análise dos dados foram realizados com auxílio do Programa Epi-InfoTM versão 7.2. (Center for Disease Control and Prevention). O diagnóstico da oclusão, segundo a Classificação de Angle, mostrou que 8,89% apresentavam oclusão normal, 56,83% oclusopatia em Classe I, 24,08% em Classe II e 10,20% em Classe III. A prevalência da necessidade de tratamento ortodôntico, segundo o DAI, foi de 52,69% dos adolescentes considerando tratamento eletivo à obrigatório. Houve associação entre os resultados dos exames clínicos para diagnóstico de oclusopatias utilizando a Classificação de Angle com o DAI (p <0,0001). A prevalência das oclusopatias e da necessidade normativa de tratamento ortodôntico foi elevada, sendo 18,44% dos adolescentes com necessidade de tratamento obrigatório. Os índices foram eficazes para a identificação das oclusopatias, entretanto por avaliarem aspectos clínicos distintos, poderiam ser utilizados concomitantemente para aprimorar o diagnóstico das oclusopatias(AU)
Epidemiology has become a branch of science widely used to define the needs of the population, plan actions and organize health services. For this, first, it is essential to perform the situational diagnosis, based on specific data, in search of understanding and acting on the health problems found in the community. Malocclusion has been one of the most prevalent oral conditions and, as a result, there has been an increase in demand for orthodontic treatment. In this perspective, occlusal indexes were developed to measure the occurrence of malocclusions in order to prioritize the need for treatment. The knowledge of the theme on a global scale allowed an expanded view of the problem and the strategies developed in oral health. In this context, the present research had the following objectives: 1) to carry out a systematic review of the existing scientific evidence on the prevalence of the need for orthodontic treatment in adolescents aged 12 to 15 years old; 2) to investigate the prevalence of malocclusions and the normative need for orthodontic treatment in 12-year-old adolescents.The systematic review included national and international works published in the Cochrane, Embase, Regional Portal of the Virtual Health Library (VHL Regional Portal), PubMed, Scientific Electronic Library Online (Scielo), Scopus and Web of Science (WOS) databases. The initial search was not limited to any filter available in the databases and used the following descriptors: prevalence, epidemiology, malocclusion, index orthodontic treatment need, child and adolescent. In addition, terms used in the scientific literature were also used: orthodontic treatment need, index for need of orthodontic treatment, index of orthodontic treatment needs, IOTN index, dental aesthetic index and DAI index. Were included publications that evaluated the prevalence of the need for orthodontic treatment in adolescents between 12 and 15 years of age using the Dental Aesthetic Index (DAI) and / or Orthodontic Treatment Needs Index (IOTN) in cross-sectional epidemiological studies, without restrictions on year of the journal and language. Of the total articles found (n = 2255), 525 studies remained after removal due to duplication. The titles and abstracts of these publications were evaluated and applying the exclusion criteria, 38 articles were selected. For eligibility, the inclusion criteria were used and 11 studies were elected. The complete texts of these publications were obtained for reading and analysis of methodological quality. As for the actions developed, oral health education recommendations were suggested for adolescents and parents with a focus on prevention and early interceptive treatment of malocclusions, as well as insertion of orthodontics in health programs with the implementation and development of specialized centers. The second stage of this research consisted of an observational, crosssectional, survey-type study conducted with 461 12-year-old adolescents enrolled in public schools in the medium-sized municipality of the State of São Paulo. Occlusion and the need for orthodontic treatment were assessed using the Angle Classification and the DAI. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and the absolute and percentage distributions of categorical variables were tabulated. The verification of the association between the results of clinical exams for the diagnosis of malocclusions using the Angle Classification and the DAI was performed using the G test, adopting a significance level of 5%. Data processing and analysis were performed using the Epi-InfoTM version 7.2 program. (Center for Disease Control and Prevention). The diagnosis of occlusion, according to the Angle Classification, showed that 8.89% had normal occlusion, 56.83% occlusion Class I, 24.08% Class II and 10.20% Class III. The prevalence of the need for orthodontic treatment, according to the DAI, was 52.69% of adolescents considering elective treatment to mandatory treatment. There was an association between the results of clinical examinations for the diagnosis of malocclusions using the Angle Classification with the DAI (p <0.0001). The prevalence of malocclusions and the normative need for orthodontic treatment was high, with approximately 18,44% of adolescents in need of mandatory treatment. The indices were effective for the identification of malocclusions, however, by evaluating different clinical aspects, they could be used concomitantly to improve the diagnosis of malocclusions(AU)
الموضوعات
Humans , Male , Female , Child , Adolescent , Orthodontics , Public Health , Malocclusion , Malocclusion/epidemiology , Preventive Health Services , Oral Health , Health Education, Dental , Epidemiology , Dental Occlusion , Esthetics, Dental , Index of Orthodontic Treatment Need , Malocclusion/prevention & control , Malocclusion/therapyالملخص
Malocclusion is one of the three most common oral diseases reported by World Health Organization(WHO). In China, its incidence rate is rising. Malocclusion seriously affects the dental and maxillofacial function, facial appearance and growth development of nearly 260 million children in China, and what is more, it affects their physical and mental health development. Malocclusion occurrence is related to genetic and environmental factors. Early treatment of malocclusion can create a good dental and maxillofacial development environment, correct abnormal growth and control the adverse effects of abnormal genetic factors. It can effectively reduce the prevalence of children's malocclusion and enhance their physical and mental health. This is an urgent need from the economic perspective of our society, so it has great practical and social significance. Experts from the project group "standard diagnose and treatment protocols for early orthodontic intervention of malocclusions of children" which initiated by China National Health Institute of Hospital Administration wrote the "China Experts' Consensus on Preventive and Interceptive Orthodontic Treatments of Malocclusions of Children", which aims to guide and popularize the clinical practice, improve the clinical theory and practice level, and accelerate the disciplinary development of early treatment of children's malocclusion in China. The consensus elaborates the harmfulness of malocclusion and the necessity of early treatment, and brings up the principles and fundamental contents. Based on the law of dental and maxillofacial development, this paper puts forward the guiding suggestions of preventive and interceptive treatments in different stages of dental development ranging from fetus to early permanent dentition. It is a systematic project to promote and standardize the early treatment of malocclusion. Through scientific and comprehensive stratified clinical practice and professional training, the clinical system of early treatment of malocclusion in China will eventually be perfected, so as to comprehensively care for children's dental and maxillofacial health, and improve their oral and physical health in China.
الموضوعات
Child , Humans , China/epidemiology , Consensus , Dental Care , Malocclusion/prevention & control , Orthodontics, Interceptiveالملخص
RESUMEN Introducción: Es muy importante reconocer los factores que pueden estar relacionados con maloclusión en una determinada población, para realizar medidas preventivas basadas en su realidad. Objetivo: determinar factores relacionados con maloclusiones en niños ecuatorianos de 3 a 9 años de edad. Métodos: Estudio epidemiológico transversal realizado a 400 niños de 3 a 9 años de edad, que estaban en tratamiento en las clínicas de Odontopediatría de la Facultad de Odontología de la Universidad Central del Ecuador. Los padres de los niños respondieron a preguntas realizadas por un único investigador experimentado sobre la salud, hábitos y nivel socioeconómico. Cada niño fue evaluado clínicamente extra e intraoralmente, siendo cada cara de las piezas dentales observadas en sentido vertical, transversal y sagital, además de la cara oclusal. Se verificó sí existían interferencias oclusales, mordida cruzada posterior o anterior y mordida abierta. Los datos se tabularon en Excel y se aplicó la prueba chi cuadrado (p< 0,05). Resultados: El 77 % de niños presentó maloclusión (p< 0,001). No se encontró una relación significativa de la presencia de maloclusión en los niños con sus familiares que presentaban maloclusión, bajo nivel socioeconómico y lactancia por menos de 1 año (p> 0,05). La mordida cruzada y las interferencias oclusales estuvieron asociadas (p< 0,001). No se encontró asociación entre la mordida abierta y la respiración bucal (p= 0,944). Conclusiones: Existe una cantidad significativa de maloclusión. La herencia familiar, tipo y tiempo de lactancia y nivel socioeconómico no tienen una relación significativa con la maloclusión. La mordida cruzada y las interferencias oclusales están asociadas. La respiración bucal puede no causar mordida abierta en los niños de 3 a 9 años.
ABSTRACT Introduction: Recognizing the factors potentially related to malocclusion in a given population is crucial to implement preventive actions based on that information. Objective: Determine the factors related to malocclusion in 3-9-year-old Ecuadorian children. Methods: A cross-sectional epidemiological study was conducted of 400 children aged 3-9 years attending pediatric dental clinics at the Central University of Ecuador School of Dentistry. The children's parents answered a number of questions about health, habits and socioeconomic level at the request of a single experienced researcher. Each child underwent extra- and intraoral clinical examination in which the sides of each tooth were observed on a vertical, transversal and sagittal plane, as well as the occlusal side. Verification was made of the presence of occlusal interference, posterior or anterior crossbite and open bite. The data obtained were tabulated onto Excel spreadsheets and the chi-square test was applied (p< 0.05). Results: Of the total children studied 77% had malocclusion (p< 0.001). The presence of malocclusion in children was not found to have a significant relationship to relatives with malocclusion, low socioeconomic level or breastfeeding for less than 1 year (p> 0.05). An association was found between crossbite and occlusal interference (p< 0.001). No association was observed between open bite and mouth breathing (p= 0.944). Conclusions: Malocclusion is significantly prevalent. Family inheritance, breastfeeding type and duration, and socioeconomic level do not have a significant relationship to malocclusion. Crossbite and occlusal interference are associated. Mouth breathing may not be the reason for open bite in 3-9-year-old children.
الموضوعات
Humans , Child, Preschool , Child , Malocclusion/prevention & control , Epidemiologic Studies , Cross-Sectional Studiesالملخص
Abstract Objective: To analyze the prevalence and factors associated with malocclusions in preschool children. Material and Methods: A census, epidemiological study, with a cross-sectional, descriptive and analytic sample, was carried out with children aged between 4 and 6 years, matriculated in preschools in the town of Aiquara, Bahia, Brazil. Malocclusion in the deciduous dentition was determined through the application of the index proposed by WHO, with the Foster and Hamilton criteria also being incorporated. The data was tabulated in duplicate in a Microsoft Excel spreadsheet and following correction, was analyzed using the SPSS, STATA and PAST Software. In order to identify the associated factors, we opted for Multiple Poisson regression analysis and Principal Component Analysis (PCA). Results: A total of 148 children were examined and the general prevalence of malocclusions was 69.59%, with 57.5% in the group of 4-year-old, 76.92% those aged 5 years old and 72.46% among children aged 6 years old. In terms of primary canines, 66.2% were identified as class I, 25.7% as class II and 8.1% as class III. Normal overjet was 41.2%, increased overjet 34.5%, edge to edge bite 17.6% and anterior crossbite 6.8%. The normal overbite 51.4%, reduced 20.9% and deep 8.1%. Of the individuals, 20.9% had posterior crossbite. In the Poisson regression analysis and PCA, a statistical association between the malocclusions and dental caries, duration of use of pacifiers, onychophagia and thumb sucking, was identified. Conclusion: The prevalence of malocclusion in preschool children in the small town of Aiquara is high and the associated factors identified are capable of control and prevention.
الموضوعات
Humans , Male , Female , Child, Preschool , Child , Tooth, Deciduous , Brazil/epidemiology , Epidemiologic Studies , Child, Preschool , Risk Factors , Malocclusion/prevention & control , Chi-Square Distribution , Prevalence , Cross-Sectional Studies/methods , Regression Analysisالملخص
Abstract Objective: To determine the prevalence and factors associated with malocclusion in the primary dentition of preschool children in a city of Brazilian Northeast. Material and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted with 566 five-years-old preschool children who were enrolled in public and private preschools in the city of Teresina, Piauí, Brazil. Data were collected using a sociodemographic questionnaire administrated to parents/caregivers and clinical oral examination of the children was performed. Foster and Hamilton Index for primary teeth was used for the diagnosis of malocclusions. Descriptive analysis was carried out and Poisson regression was used to assesses the association with independent variables. Results: The prevalence of malocclusion was 51.2%. The most frequent types were Class II canines (17% and 16.8%), increased overjet (15.2%) and reduced overbite (14%). Anterior crossbite was present in 3.5% of the preschool children evaluated. There was an association between malocclusion and low family income (PR = 1.22; 95% CI = 1.01-1.47). Conclusion: The prevalence of malocclusion in the primary dentition was high and associated with a low family income.
الموضوعات
Humans , Male , Female , Child, Preschool , Orthodontics , Socioeconomic Factors , Tooth, Deciduous , Child, Preschool , Malocclusion/prevention & control , Brazil/epidemiology , Cross-Sectional Studies , Cross-Sectional Studies/methods , Surveys and Questionnaires , Regression Analysisالملخص
El objetivo de este trabajo consiste en describir las distintas lesiones cervicales no cariosas, la abrasión, la erosión y la abfracción. Se desarrollarán en detalle su etiología, localización y características clínicas. Se mencionarán los diferentes procedimientos a realizar para su prevención y los materiales a utilizar para su restauración.
This article describes the different types of non-cariouscervical lesions, for example abrasion, erosionand abfraction. We will discuss their etiology, location and clinical features in detail. We will describe the procedures to prevent them, aswell as the materials used for their restoration.
الموضوعات
Humans , Tooth Cervix/injuries , Tooth Erosion/etiology , Tooth Erosion/prevention & control , Tooth Erosion/therapy , Tooth Abrasion/etiology , Tooth Abrasion/prevention & control , Tooth Abrasion/therapy , Tooth Wear , Crown Lengthening/methods , Tooth Attrition/etiology , Tooth Attrition/prevention & control , Tooth Attrition/therapy , Fluorides, Topical/administration & dosage , Tooth Remineralization/methods , Preventive Dentistry , Dental Occlusion , Malocclusion/prevention & controlالملخص
O hipotireoidismo congênito é um distúrbio endócrino caracterizado pela diminuição dos níveis séricos dos hormônio da glândula tireóide. Este afeta o metabolismo do cálcio, e, portanto, a formação dos ossos e dentes. É comum nestes pacientes anomalias de formação dentária, atraso na erupção dentária, hipodesenvolvimento do côndilo mandibular e macroglossia. Somados, estes fatores podem ainda levar a uma má-oclusão e ao desenvolvimento inadequado das funções orais. Diante do exposto, Avaliou-se através deste estudo as condições clínicas orais e promoveu-se o atendimento odontológico dos pacientes com esta disfunção endócrina vinculados ao serviço de triagem neonatal do Hospital Universitário da Universidade Federal de Sergipe. Trata-se de um projeto de extensão em que foram atendidos 205 pacientes com idade entre 01 mês e 14 anos, no período de fevereiro à novembro de 2016, os quais passaram por uma avaliação clínica e receberam orientações preventivas. A partir do exame clínico, observou-se que 20% dos pacientes apresentavam alguma necessidade de tratamento odontológico, sendo esses, agendados e encaminhados para a realização do procedimento clínico odontológico. Com os dados obtidos foi possível concluir que é essencial dar aos responsáveis e pacientes as informações necessárias para a prevenção de doenças bucais, estando elas correlacionadas ou não com o Hipotireoidismo Congênito. Além disto, a realização de tratamento clínico, preventivo e curativo nesses pacientes, agregou a Odontologia ao plano multiprofissional já existente representado pelo programa de triagem neonatal do HU UFS.(AU)
Congenital hypothyroidism is an endocrine disorder characterized by a decrease in the serum levels of thyroid gland hormones. This affects the metabolism of calcium, and therefore the formation of bones and teeth. It is common on those patients dental formation anomalies, delayed dental eruption, hypo development of the mandibular condyle and macroglossia. In addition, these factors may also lead to malocclusion and inadequate development of oral functions.In view of the above, this study was chosen as oral clinical conditions and it was promoted in the dental care of patients with this endocrine dysfunction linked to the neonatal screening service of the University Hospital of the Federal University of Sergipe. It is an extension project in which 205 patients aged between 1 month and 14 years were attended, in the period of February to November of 2016, who underwent a clinical evaluation and received preventive guidance. From the clinical examination, it was observed that 20% of the patients had a need for dental treatment, and they were scheduled and sent to perform a dental procedure. With the obtained data, it was possible to conclude that it is essential to give the responsible ones and patients the necessary information for the prevention of oral diseases, being they correlated or not with Congenital Hypothyroidism. In addition, performing clinical, preventive and curative treatment in these patients, added the Dentistry to the existing multiprofessional plan represented by the neonatal screening program of the HU UFS.(AU)
الموضوعات
Humans , Male , Female , Infant , Child, Preschool , Child , Adolescent , Periodontal Diseases/epidemiology , Congenital Hypothyroidism/epidemiology , Dental Caries/epidemiology , Malocclusion/epidemiology , Oral Hygiene , Periodontal Diseases/etiology , Periodontal Diseases/prevention & control , Brazil/epidemiology , Health Education, Dental , Congenital Hypothyroidism/complications , Congenital Hypothyroidism/prevention & control , Dental Caries/etiology , Dental Caries/prevention & control , Malocclusion/etiology , Malocclusion/prevention & controlالملخص
Desarmonias do complexo craniofacial têm um profundo impacto na saúde psicossocial de crianças e adolescentes. Alterações de comportamento podem ser observadas em 24,7% dos indivíduos portadores dessas desarmonias. Aqui são discutidos os fatores envolvidos e relatados dois casos de duas crianças: uma portadora de severa classe II de Angle em dentição mista, e a outra portadora de severa classe III em dentição temporária. O restabelecimento da harmonia facial gerou alterações significativas no comportamento.
Disharmonies of the craniofacial complex have a profound impact on the psychosocial health of children and adolescents. Psichological changes can be observed in 24.7% of patients presenting these alterations. Here we discussed the factors involved reporting two cases of two children: One patient with severe Angle class II in mixed dentition and the other showing severe class III in temporary dentition. The reestablishment of facial harmony generated significant changes in psychosocial behavior.
الموضوعات
Humans , Male , Female , Child , Adolescent , Young Adult , Body Image , Malocclusion/classification , Malocclusion/complications , Malocclusion/diagnosis , Malocclusion/prevention & control , Self Conceptالملخص
Os benefícios do aleitamento materno, tanto para a mãe como para o bebê, do ponto de vista imunológico, nutritivo, afetivo, psicológico, entre outros, é um consenso entre os profissionais da saúde. Entretanto, nesta revisão da literatura objetivou-se demonstrar que a amamentação propicia mais do que isso. O aleitamento materno é o fator decisivo e primordial para a correta maturação e crescimento craniofacial em nível ósseo, muscular e funcional, mantendo essas estruturas aptas para exercerem o desenvolvimento da musculatura orofacial, que guiará e estimulará o desenvolvimento das funções fisiológicas, garantindo não somente a sobrevivência, mas também uma melhor qualidade de vida. Assim sendo, procurou-se enfatizar nesta pesquisa o efeito do aleitamento materno sobre o desenvolvimento do sistema estomatognático e seu efeito protetor na prevenção de hábitos de sucção e más-oclusões...
The benefits of breastfeeding for both mother and baby, in view of immunology, nutrition, affection, among others are a consensus among health professionals. However, this literature review aimed to demonstrate that breastfeeding provides more than that. Breastfeeding is the primary and decisive factor for proper maturation and craniofacial growth in bone, muscle and functional level; keeping those structures able to pursue orofacial muscles development, which will guide and stimulate physiological functions, not only ensuring survival, but also a better quality of life. Therefore, this research seeks to emphasize the effect of breastfeeding on the development of stomatognathic system and its protecting effect preventing suction habits and malocclusions under the concept of neuro occlusion rehabilitation...
الموضوعات
Humans , Female , Infant, Newborn , Infant , Breast Feeding , Maxillofacial Development , Malocclusion/prevention & control , Facial Bones/growth & development , Dental Occlusion, Balanced , Milk, Human , Facial Muscles/growth & developmentالملخص
Abstract This study aimed at evaluating the Protocol for the Prevention of Malocclusions (PPM), established in the preventive educational program developed by the Public Infant Oral Health Program of the State University of Londrina (PIOHP-UEL). Guardians of three-year-olds or older, maintaining nutritive (bottle) and/or non-nutritive (pacifier and finger) sucking habits, attended meetings designed to alert and guide them to eliminating these habits from their children. PPM patient records (2006-2013) were assessed and the data were described and evaluated by the Chi-square test, with a 5% significance level. Results 506 of the 802 guardians/children referred to the PPM joined. As for the children, the most frequently assessed habits were: bottle (56.1%), bottle and pacifier (18.4%), finger (11.9%), bottle and finger (7.1%), pacifier (5.7%), pacifier and finger (0.6%), and bottle/pacifier/finger (0.2%). After parent participation in the meetings, 335 (66.2%) children abandoned their habits. There was a statistical difference between type of oral habit and time to abandonment (p = 0.0001). However, those with only one habit abandoned it more easily (72.6%) than those with two or more associated habits (48.1%) (p = 0.042). Presence or absence of breastfeeding and parents' level of education had no significant effect on habit abandonment. Conclusion PPM was an important tool for spreading knowledge to guardians, greatly contributing to the abandonment of deleterious oral habits. Bottle sucking warrants special attention - mentioned by 81.8% of parents - either alone or associated with other habits. Thus, educational actions to implement the children's approach to oral health are fundamental to making behavioral changes and promoting education of healthy habits, thereby keeping malocclusions from developing.
الموضوعات
Humans , Male , Female , Infant , Child, Preschool , Health Education, Dental/methods , Dental Care for Children/methods , Malocclusion/prevention & control , Parents , Sucking Behavior , Time Factors , Program Evaluation , Reproducibility of Results , Retrospective Studies , Pacifiers/adverse effects , Educational Status , Habits , Legal Guardians , Malocclusion/etiologyالملخص
Una parte importante dentro de la prevención de las maloclusiones lo constituye el manejo correcto de los espacios creados por la pérdida prematura de dientes temporales. Los mantenedores de espacio, son los aditamentos ideales para este fin, esta técnica preventiva de fácil diseño y construcción puede ser desarrollada no solo por el ortodoncista sino por otras especialidades como la rehabilitación protésica y la estomatología general integral.Objetivo: presentar un caso al cual se le colocó un mantenedor de espacio que permitió restablecer las funciones orofaringeas, la estética y mantener la longitud del arco en una misma sesión de trabajo.Caso Clínico: se expone el caso de una paciente de 4 años de edad, a la cual se le diagnosticó necrosis pulpar en el incisivo central superior izquierdo, se decidió la extracción de este y previo a la exodoncia, se confeccionó un mantenedor de espacio removible con corona dentaria y tornillo de expansión transversal. Se procedió luego a la extracción del diente temporal y se puso inmediatamente el mantenedor de espacio. De esta forma se eliminó la enfermedad patológica que aquejaba a la paciente y se impidió que se afectara la estética y las funciones orofaríngeas.Conclusiones: la técnica resultó sencilla y eficaz...
An important aspect in the prevention of malocclusions is the correct handling of spaces caused by the early loss of temporary teeth. Space maintainers are the perfect accessory for this purpose. This preventive technique of easy design and production can be applied not only by the orthodontist but by other professionals like Prosthetic Rehabilitation specialists and stomatologists.Objective: to present the case of the patient to whom a space maintainer was installed. The space maintainer allowed reestablishing the oropharyngeal functions and the esthetics, as well as keeping the length of the arch, in just one work session.Clinical case: the case of a four-year-old patient diagnosed with pulp necrosis in the left superior central incisor is presented. The extraction of the teeth was decided and previous to the exodontia, a removable space maintainer with dental crown and transversal-expansion screw was made. The extraction of the temporary teeth was performed later and the space maintainer was installed immediately. This way, the pathological disease of the patient was eliminated; besides, the oropharyngeal functions and the esthetics were not affected.Conclusions: the technique turned out to be simple and effective...
الموضوعات
Child , Orthodontic Appliances, Removable , Tooth Crown , Malocclusion/prevention & control , Case Reportsالملخص
Es por todos conocido que la respiración bucal juega un papel de suma importancia en la aparición de las disgnacias en edades tempranas. Con el objetivo de determinar qué tratamiento resulta más adecuado en relación a un enfoque etiopatogénico y comparar los resultados obtenidos, se realizó el siguiente trabajo. La muestra estuvo formada por 36 pacientes disgnácicos, entre 4 y 14 años, divididos en tres grupos. Grupo A: sin tratamiento (grupo control), formado por 15 pacientes (41,66 por ciento); grupo B: tratado con ortopedia funcional, formado por 14 pacientes (38,88 por ciento); grupo C: tratado con ortodoncia, formado por 7 pacientes (19,44 por ciento). Todos ellos fueron elegidos al azar. Se midió la luz de la vía aérea superior, sobre calcos de tele-Rx de cabeza de perfil, tomadas con un intervalo no menor a 10 meses, en la ciudad de La Plata, capital de la prov. de Buenos Aires, y en la ciudad de Neuquén, capital de la prov. de Neuquén, República Argentina, en un universo constituido por 2500 pacientes. Para realizar las mediciones, se utilizaron cinco parámetros del cefalograma faríngeo, observándose que en el grupo A hubo una disminución promedio de -0,49mm. Si consideramos la evolución de este grupo control como referencia, podemos decir que hubo aumento de la luz faríngea en todos los pacientes tratados: en el grupo B de un 100 por ciento (1.49mm) y en el grupo C de 75 por ciento (0.99mm). Como conclusión evidente, los pacientes tratados con ortopedia funcional fueron los que alcanzaron mayor aumento de la luz de la vía aérea superior.
الموضوعات
Humans , Adolescent , Child, Preschool , Child , Malocclusion/prevention & control , Nasopharynx/anatomy & histology , Orthodontic Appliances, Functional , Argentina , Cephalometry/methods , Epidemiology, Descriptive , Longitudinal Studies , Orthodontics, Preventive , Mouth Breathing/prevention & control , Data Interpretation, Statistical , Adenoids/anatomy & histologyالملخص
La lactancia materna exclusiva, a través de la provisión de leche materna del seno de la madre, proporciona múltiples beneficios para lograr un correcto desarrollo y crecimiento físico, intelectural y emocional. Además, favorece un adecuado desarrollo de las estructuras neuromusculares del sistema estomatognático del bebé. Por otro lado, disminuye el riesgo de adoptar hábitos bucales no nutritivos que con el tiempo podrían originar maloclusiones dentarias. Tanto el niño como la madre obtienen beneficios de la lactancia materna. Sin embargo, debido a diferentes factores, la práctica de este tipo de alimentación ha disminuido en el transcurso del tiempo, reemplazándola por sustitutos tomados en biberón, lo que se conoce como lactancia artificial. Es importante que el odontopediatra tenga conocimientos acerca de la importancia de la lactancia materna y de las consecuencias que puede acarrear la falta o disminuir el tiempo de ésta. Además, deberá fomentar la práctica de lactancia materna exclusiva durante losprimeros seis meses de vida evitando así problemas futuros en la salud de los niños.
الموضوعات
Humans , Female , Infant , Bottle Feeding , Breast Feeding , Dental Caries/prevention & control , Milk, Human , Jaw Abnormalities/prevention & control , Maxillofacial Development/physiology , Malocclusion/prevention & controlالملخص
Children with hypertrophic tonsils and adenoids may have adverse effects on dental occlusion, which tend to worsen during the growth period. Diagnosis and early treatment is essential. AIM: Prospective clinical study to compare the cephalometric measurements before and after adenotonsillectomy in mouth breathing patients. MATERIAL AND METHOD: We had 38 patients of both genders, aged between 7 and 11 years in our sample, broken down into: oral group, 18 patients with obstructive hypertrophy of pharyngeal tonsil and/or palate grade 3 or 4; control group, 20 patients with normal breathing. Angular and linear dental measurements were compared between the groups in a 14 months interval. We used the "t" Student and Wilcoxon tests for unpaired samples, at 5 percent significance, for statistical purposes. RESULTS: The sagittal position and axial angle of the lower incisors increased significantly in the group with oral breathing, the sagittal position of the upper incisors increased significantly in the oral group, which still had a significant increase in overbite. CONCLUSION: Adenotonsillectomy was very effective in improving some dental measurements, with benefits to growing patients preventing malocclusions from becoming difficult to treat or permanent.
Crianças com tonsilas e adenoides hipertróficas podem apresentar efeitos desfavoráveis na oclusão dentária, que tendem a agravar no período de crescimento, tornando imprescindível seu diagnóstico e tratamento precoce. OBJETIVO: Este estudo clínico prospectivo comparou medidas cefalométricas dos incisivos antes e após a adenotonsilectomia, em respiradores orais. MATERIAL E MÉTODO: A amostra foi de 38 pacientes de ambos os gêneros, entre 7 e 11 anos, dividida em: grupo oral, com 18 pacientes com hipertrofia obstrutiva da tonsila faríngea e/ou palatinas grau 3 ou 4; grupo controle, com 20 pacientes com respiração nasal. Medidas dentárias angulares e lineares foram comparadas entre os grupos, antes e após adenotonsilectomia, em um intervalo de 14 meses. A análise estatística utilizou os testes t-Student e Wilcoxon para amostras não pareadas, ao nível de significância de 5 por cento. RESULTADOS: A inclinação axial e a posição sagital dos incisivos inferiores aumentaram significativamente no grupo com respiração oral; o posicionamento sagital dos incisivos superiores aumentou significativamente no grupo oral, que ainda obteve aumento significativo de sobremordida. CONCLUSÃO: A adenoamigdalectomia se mostrou bastante eficaz na melhora de algumas medidas dentárias, com benefícios aos pacientes em crescimento, prevenindo que más oclusões dentárias tenham difícil tratamento ou se tornem definitivas.
الموضوعات
Child , Female , Humans , Male , Malocclusion/surgery , Mouth Breathing/surgery , Palatine Tonsil/surgery , Adenoidectomy/methods , Case-Control Studies , Cephalometry , Hyperplasia/complications , Hyperplasia/pathology , Hyperplasia/surgery , Incisor , Malocclusion/prevention & control , Mouth Breathing/etiology , Prospective Studies , Palatine Tonsil/pathology , Tonsillectomy/methodsالملخص
Se realizó una revisión bibliográfica sobre los factores de riesgo que pueden relacionarse con la aparición de maloclusiones dentarias en escolares desde la dentición temporal, haciendo énfasis en aquellos factores que con frecuencia aparecen en el medio, para así actualizar a los profesionales de la salud que se relacionan con su control y erradicación desde edades tempranas, lo que contribuirá a la disminución de las maloclusiones en las denticiones mixtas y permanentes; se propone implementar una escala de riesgo para maloclusiones dentarias desde la dentición temporal, y dispensarizar a los escolares con alto riesgo de padecerla y tratarlos de manera integral.
A bibliographical revision was carried out on the risk factors that can be related to the appearance of dental malocclusions in students from temporary teething, making emphasis in those factors that appear in means frequently, for this way to update the professionals health which their control and eradication are related to from early ages, which will contribute to malocclusions decrease in mixed and permanent teethings; we propose to implement a risk scale for dental malocclusions from temporary teething, and to dispensarize the students with high risk of suffering it and treat them in an integral way.
الموضوعات
Humans , Malocclusion/prevention & control , Risk Factors , Tooth, Deciduousالملخص
Las interferencias oclusales son un problema frecuente en la dentición temporal y mixta, están asociadas a maloclusiones funcionales como mordidas cruzadas anteriores, mordidas cruzadas posteriores, así como anomalías faciales y afectaciones de la articulación temporomandibular. Se realizó un estudio observacional descriptivo de corte transversal, donde fueron examinados 820 niños pertenecientes a escuelas primarias, área de salud Contreras, del municipio de Matanzas, con la finalidad de identificar las interferencias oclusales que se relacionaron con la presencia de mordida cruzada anterior funcional, mordida cruzada posterior unilateral funcional. Del total de niños examinados, 138 presentaron interferencias oclusales, de ellos el 36,9 por ciento presentó mordida cruzada anterior, y un 63,0 por ciento mordida cruzada posterior. La detección precoz de las interferencias oclusales nos dará la posibilidad de la intercepción de maloclusiones dentarias, así como en la prevención de anomalías dentomaxilofaciales y alteraciones de la articulación tempomandibular.
The occlusal interferences are a frequent problem in temporal and mixed dentition. They are associated to functional malocclusions with anterior crossed biting, posterior crossed biting, and also to facial anomalies and affections of the temporomandibular articulation. We carried out a descriptive, observational, transversal study, where we examined 820 primary school children of the Contreras health area, municipality of Matanzas, to identify the occlusal interferences related to the presence of functional anterior crossed biting, functional unilateral posterior crossed biting. 138 of the examined children presented occlusal interferences; 36,9 percent of them presented anterior crossed biting, and 63,0 percent posterior crossed biting. The precocious detection of occlusal interferences will give us the possibility of intercepting dental malocclusions and also of preventing dentomaxillofacial anomalies and alterations of the temporomandibular articulation.
الموضوعات
Humans , Child , Tooth Abnormalities/prevention & control , Primary Health Care , Dentition, Mixed , Schools , Malocclusion/classification , Malocclusion/diagnosis , Malocclusion/prevention & control , Temporomandibular Joint Disorders/prevention & controlالملخص
A sobremordida exagerada é um tipo de má oclusão que apresenta etiologia multifatorial e necessita de um diagnóstico diferencial elaborado e específico. O objetivo desse artigo é descrever os principais elementos de diagnóstico facial, cefalométrico e dentário e as principais estratégias de tratamento, como a extrusão de dentes posteriores, a intrusão de dentes anteriores ou a combinação dessas. Serão apresentados seis casos clínicos, auxiliando o ortodontista no diagnóstico e na seleção da estratégia de tratamento individualizada para cada situação clínica.
The multifactorial etiology of the deepbite requires specific and elaborated diagnosis methods. The aim of this paper is to discuss the major components of the diagnosis such as the facial, skeletal and dental aspects, as well as the main treatment strategies: posterior extrusion, anterior intrusion or a combination of them. Six clinical case reports will be presented to assist the clinician in the diagnosis and proper treatment selection.