الملخص
Fecha de actualización: 22 de mayo 2020. Actualizar a los profesionales de pediatría, Medicina Interna, Gineco obstetricia, personal de enfermería, de laboratorio y el comité de gestión de riesgo en el manejo clínico de casos del nuevo coronavirus COVID-19.
الموضوعات
Humans , Pneumonia, Viral/prevention & control , Coronavirus Infections/prevention & control , Professional Training , Betacoronavirus , Risk Management/organization & administration , Medical Laboratory Personnel/education , Coronavirus Infections/diagnosis , Case Management , Containment of Biohazards/methods , Hospital Care/organization & administration , Epidemiological Monitoring , Guatemala , Nursing Staff/educationالملخص
Resumen Introducción. El cumplimiento de la meta de eliminación de la malaria en Ecuador en el 2020 exige contar con la capacidad requerida para el diagnóstico microscópico ajustado a los estándares de calidad de la Organización Mundial de la Salud (OMS) y de la Organización Panamericana de la Salud (OPS) y proveer el tratamiento adecuado a los pacientes. Objetivo. Conocer la idoneidad o competencia de los microscopistas de la red pública local para el diagnóstico parasitológico de la malaria y el desempeño de los laboratorios intermedios de referencia. Materiales y métodos. Se hizo un estudio descriptivo de corte transversal a partir de la información obtenida en los talleres de evaluación de idoneidad en el diagnóstico microscópico de la red de laboratorios en las coordinaciones zonales de salud utilizando un panel de láminas para evaluar la concordancia del diagnóstico. Además, se calificó el desempeño de los laboratorios intermedios en el diagnóstico en el marco del programa de evaluación externa del desempeño. Los resultados se compararon con los obtenidos por el laboratorio supranacional de Perú. Resultados. En los 11 talleres realizados, se evaluó la idoneidad de 191 microscopistas, de los cuales 153 (80,1 %) aprobaron las pruebas. Las medianas de los indicadores fueron las siguientes: concordancia entre la detección y el resultado, 100 % (Q1- Q3: 96-100); concordancia en la especie, 100 % (Q1- Q3: 93-100); concordancia en el estadio, 93,0 % (Q1- Q3: 86-95) y concordancia en el recuento, 77 % (Q1- Q3: 71-82). En el programa de evaluación externa de desempeño, los tres laboratorios intermedios obtuvieron una concordancia del 100 % en el resultado y una del 96 % en la especie. Conclusiones. Los indicadores de competencia de la red local y de desempeño de los laboratorios intermedios alcanzaron altos estándares de calidad acordes con el proceso de entrenamiento implementado en el país.
Abstract Introduction: To reach the goal of malaria elimination in Ecuador for the year 2020, it is necessary to have a laboratory network with the capacity to perform microscopic diagnosis according to the WHO/PAHO quality standards and to provide the adequate treatment of cases. Objective: To determine the level of competence for parasitological diagnosis of the microscopists from the local public network and the performance of intermediate reference laboratories. Materials and methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study based on the information collected in workshops carried out to appraise the competence for microscopic diagnosis of the local laboratory network (zonal health coordinating offices 1 to 8) using a slide panel to evaluate diagnosis agreement, as well as the diagnostic performance of the intermediate laboratories using an external quality assessment program. The results were compared against the reference standards of the supranational laboratory in Perú. Results: We evaluated the competencies of 191 microscopists in 11 workshops and 153 (80.1%) of them were approved. The medians of the indicators were the following: concordance for parasite detection, 100% (Q1- Q3: 96-100), concordance for species identification, 100% (Q1- Q3: 93-100), and concordances for stage identification, 93.0% (Q1- Q3: 86-95) and parasite counting, 77.0% (Q1- Q3: 71-82). In the external quality assessment, the three intermediate laboratories obtained 100% in parasite detection concordance and 96% for species detection concordance. Conclusions: The results for the primary network and the performance indicators for the intermediate laboratories showed the high-quality standards of the training program implemented in the country.
الموضوعات
Female , Humans , Male , Plasmodium falciparum/isolation & purification , Plasmodium vivax/isolation & purification , Malaria, Vivax/diagnosis , Malaria, Falciparum/diagnosis , Medical Laboratory Personnel/statistics & numerical data , Parasitemia/diagnosis , Erythrocytes/parasitology , Laboratory Proficiency Testing , Microscopy/methods , Professional Practice/statistics & numerical data , Quality Assurance, Health Care , Socioeconomic Factors , Cross-Sectional Studies , Malaria, Vivax/blood , Malaria, Vivax/prevention & control , Malaria, Falciparum/blood , Malaria, Falciparum/prevention & control , Medical Laboratory Personnel/education , Parasitemia/blood , Parasitemia/prevention & control , Ecuador , Erythrocytes/ultrastructure , Laboratories/classification , Laboratories/standards , Microscopy/standardsالملخص
Os laboratórios de medicina diagnóstica auxiliam nas decisões médicas frente aos pacientes. Por essa razão os médicos e pacientes necessitam ter confiança e segurança nos laudos fornecidos pelos laboratórios clínicos. Porém, a fase do laboratório conhecida como pré-analítica, vem sendo apontada por diferentes estudos, como a grande responsável pelos erros laboratoriais. A principal razão para a alta frequência de erros nesta fase do processo está na dificuldade de controlar as variáveis pré-analíticas e em realizar melhoria nos processos, pois diversas variáveis encontram-se no preparo do paciente e no momento da coleta e identificação de amostras biológicas. Esta fase é mais suscetível a erros devido ser uma fase onde a maioria dos processos não é automatizada, envolvendo atividades manuais. Para alcançar as metas de redução dos erros e aumentar a segurança e confiabilidade dos processos pré-analíticos, se faz necessário implantar atividades que visem à educação continuada de todos os profissionais envolvidos nos processos de obtenção e manipulação de amostras biológicas.
Medical diagnostic laboratories can assist with medical decision making. For this reason, delivering reliable laboratory results is essential to providing physicians and patients with a sense of trust and safety. However, currently available evidence demonstrates that most laboratory errors are identified in the pre-analytical phase of the total testing process. The high frequency of errors at this stage is mainly attributable to the difficulty in monitoring all pre-analytical variables and in implementing improvement processes, particularly because several variables involve patient preparation and specimen collection and identification. This phase is more susceptible to errors because most pre-analytical steps involve manual rather than automated activities. To achieve the goal of error reduction and to increase the safety and reliability of pre-analytical processes, it is necessary to implement continuing education programs for all professionals involved in the process of collection and handling of biological samples.